guide/components/fragments.jd

page.title=
parent.title=Activity
parent.link=activities.html
@jd:body

<div id="qv-wrapper">
<div id="qv">
  <h2></h2>
  <ol>
    <li><a href="#Design"></a></li>
    <li><a href="#Creating"></a>
      <ol>
        <li><a href="#UI"></a></li>
        <li><a href="#Adding"> Activity </a></li>
      </ol>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#Managing"></a></li>
    <li><a href="#Transactions"></a></li>
    <li><a href="#CommunicatingWithActivity"> Activity </a>
      <ol>
        <li><a href="#EventCallbacks"> Activity </a></li>
        <li><a href="#ActionBar"></a></li>
      </ol>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#Lifecycle"></a>
      <ol>
        <li><a href="#CoordinatingWithActivity"> Activity </a></li>
      </ol>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#Example"></a></li>
  </ol>

  <h2></h2>
  <ol>
    <li>{@link android.app.Fragment}</li>
    <li>{@link android.app.FragmentManager}</li>
    <li>{@link android.app.FragmentTransaction}</li>
  </ol>

  <h2></h2>
  <ol>
    <li><a href="{@docRoot}training/basics/fragments/index.html"> UI</a></li>
    <li><a href="{@docRoot}guide/practices/tablets-and-handsets.html"></a>
</li>
  </ol>
</div>
</div>

<p>{@link android.app.Fragment}
{@link android.app.Activity}  Activity
 UI  Activity  Activity  Activity  ( Activity  Activity)


</p>

<p> Activity  Activity
 Activity  Activity
 Activity  ( Activity <em></em><a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/activities.html#Lifecycle"></a>)

 Activity  &mdash; Activity


 () []<em></em>
</p>

<p> Activity  Activity  {@link
android.view.ViewGroup} Activity  {@link android.view.ViewGroup}  Activity  {@code &lt;fragment&gt;}


 Activity  UI Activity

</p>

<p> Activity  Activity  Activity  Activity


</p>


<h2 id="Design"></h2>

<p> Android 3.0 (API  11)  ()  UI
 UI


 Activity  Activity  Activity

</p>

<p> &mdash;  Activity


 Activity  ( 1 ) Activity

</p>

<p> Activity  Activity


 Activity  UI

</p>

<img src="{@docRoot}images/fundamentals/fragments.png" alt="" />
<p class="img-caption"><strong> 1.</strong> UI  Activity Activity

</p>

<p> &mdash;  &mdash; Activity A<em></em>
Activity A<em></em>Activity B<em></em>


 ( 1 )

</p>

<p><a href="{@docRoot}guide/practices/tablets-and-handsets.html"></a>
</p>


<h2 id="Creating"></h2>

<div class="figure" style="width:327px">
<img src="{@docRoot}images/fragment_lifecycle.png" alt="" />
<p class="img-caption"><strong> 2.</strong> ( Activity )
</p>
</div>

<p> {@link android.app.Fragment}  ()
{@link android.app.Fragment} {@link android.app.Activity}
 Activity  {@link android.app.Fragment#onCreate onCreate()}{@link android.app.Fragment#onStart onStart()}
{@link android.app.Fragment#onPause onPause()}  {@link android.app.Fragment#onStop onStop()}
 Android  Activity


</p>

<p></p>

<dl>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Fragment#onCreate onCreate()}</dt>
  <dd>

</dd>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Fragment#onCreateView onCreateView()}</dt>
  <dd>
 {@link android.view.View} () UI
 UI
</dd>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Activity#onPause onPause()}</dt>
  <dd> ()
 ()

</dd>
</dl>

<p>

<a href="#Lifecycle"></a>
</p>


<p> ( {@link
android.app.Fragment} )</p>

<dl>
  <dt>{@link android.app.DialogFragment}</dt>
  <dd> {@link android.app.Activity}  Activity


</dd>

  <dt>{@link android.app.ListFragment}</dt>
  <dd> ( {@link
android.widget.SimpleCursorAdapter})  {@link android.app.ListActivity}  {@link
android.app.ListFragment#onListItemClick(ListView,View,int,long) onListItemClick()}

</dd>

  <dt>{@link android.preference.PreferenceFragment}</dt>
  <dd> {@link android.preference.Preference}
{@link android.preference.PreferenceActivity} Activity
</dd>
</dl>


<h3 id="UI"></h3>

<p> Activity  Activity
</p>

<p> {@link
android.app.Fragment#onCreateView onCreateView()}  Android

{@link android.view.View} ()</p>

<p class="note"><strong></strong> {@link
android.app.ListFragment}  {@link android.app.Fragment#onCreateView onCreateView()}
{@link android.widget.ListView}</p>

<p> {@link
android.app.Fragment#onCreateView onCreateView()}  XML <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/resources/layout-resource.html">l</a>{@link android.app.Fragment#onCreateView onCreateView()}
{@link android.view.LayoutInflater}
</p>

<p> {@link android.app.Fragment}
{@code example_fragment.xml} </p>

<pre>
public static class ExampleFragment extends Fragment {
    &#64;Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.example_fragment, container, false);
    }
}
</pre>

<div class="sidebox-wrapper">
<div class="sidebox">
  <h3></h3>
  <p>{@code R.layout.example_fragment}
{@code example_fragment.xml} XML <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/index.html"></a>

</p>
</div>
</div>

<p> {@link android.app.Fragment#onCreateView
onCreateView()}  {@code container}  {@link android.view.ViewGroup} ( Activity )

{@code savedInstanceState}  {@link android.os.Bundle} (<a href="#Lifecycle"></a>)


</p>

<p>{@link android.view.LayoutInflater#inflate(int,ViewGroup,boolean) inflate()}
</p>
<ul>
  <li> ID</li>
  <li> {@link android.view.ViewGroup} {@code
container} ()
</li>
  <li> {@link
android.view.ViewGroup} ()  ( {@code
container} false &mdash;  true)
</li>
</ul>

<p> Activity
</p>


<h3 id="Adding"> Activity </h3>

<p> UI  Activity
 Activity
</p>

<ul>
  <li><b> Activity </b>
<p>
 Activity
</p>
<pre>
&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;
&lt;LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"&gt;
    &lt;fragment android:name="com.example.news.ArticleListFragment"
            android:id="@+id/list"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent" /&gt;
    &lt;fragment android:name="com.example.news.ArticleReaderFragment"
            android:id="@+id/viewer"
            android:layout_weight="2"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent" /&gt;
&lt;/LinearLayout&gt;
</pre>
  <p>{@code &lt;fragment&gt;}  {@code android:name}  {@link
android.app.Fragment} </p>

<p> Activity  {@link android.app.Fragment#onCreateView onCreateView()}

 {@link android.view.View}  {@code &lt;fragment&gt;}
</p>

<div class="note">
  <p><strong></strong> Activity  ()

 ID
</p>
  <ul>
    <li> ID  {@code android:id} </li>
    <li> {@code android:tag} </li>
    <li> ID
</li>
  </ul>
</div>
  </li>

  <li><b> {@link android.view.ViewGroup}</b>
<p> Activity  Activity  {@link
android.view.ViewGroup}
</p>
  <p> Activity  () {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction}  API
 {@link android.app.Activity}  {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction}
</p>

<pre>
FragmentManager fragmentManager = {@link android.app.Activity#getFragmentManager()}
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.{@link android.app.FragmentManager#beginTransaction()};
</pre>

<p> {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#add(int,Fragment) add()}
</p>

<pre>
ExampleFragment fragment = new ExampleFragment();
fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.fragment_container, fragment);
fragmentTransaction.commit();
</pre>

  <p> {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#add(int,Fragment) add()}  {@link android.view.ViewGroup} ( ID )

</p>
  <p>
{@link android.app.FragmentTransaction}  {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#commit}
</p>
  </li>
</ul>


<h4 id="AddingWithoutUI"> UI </h4>

<p> Activity UI Activity  UI

</p>

<p> UI  {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#add(Fragment,String)}  Activity  ( ID)
 Activity  {@link
android.app.Fragment#onCreateView onCreateView()}
</p>

<p> UI  &mdash;  UI  &mdash;  UI

 Activity  {@link android.app.FragmentManager#findFragmentByTag
findFragmentByTag()}
</p>

<p> UI  Activity  SDK  {@code
FragmentRetainInstance.java}  ( Android SDK Manager )<code>&lt;sdk_root&gt;/APIDemos/app/src/main/java/com/example/android/apis/app/FragmentRetainInstance.java</code>

</p>


<h2 id="Managing"></h2>

<p> Activity  {@link android.app.FragmentManager} Activity  {@link android.app.Activity#getFragmentManager()}
</p>

<p> {@link android.app.FragmentManager} </p>

<ul>
  <li> {@link
android.app.FragmentManager#findFragmentById findFragmentById()} ( Activity  UI )  {@link android.app.FragmentManager#findFragmentByTag
findFragmentByTag()} ( UI )  Activity
</li>
  <li> {@link
android.app.FragmentManager#popBackStack()} (<em></em>) </li>
  <li> {@link
android.app.FragmentManager#addOnBackStackChangedListener addOnBackStackChangedListener()} </li>
</ul>

<p> {@link
android.app.FragmentManager} </p>

<p> {@link android.app.FragmentManager}  {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction} ()

</p>


<h2 id="Transactions"></h2>

<p> Activity
 Activity  {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction}
 Activity  ( Activity)

</p>

<p> {@link
android.app.FragmentManager}  {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction}</p>

<pre>
FragmentManager fragmentManager = {@link android.app.Activity#getFragmentManager()};
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.{@link android.app.FragmentManager#beginTransaction()};
</pre>

<p> {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#add add()}{@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#remove remove()} {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#replace replace()}

 {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#commit()} Activity
</p>
</dl>

<p> {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#addToBackStack addToBackStack()} {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#commit()}
 Activity  []<em></em>
</p>

<p>
</p>

<pre>
// Create new fragment and transaction
Fragment newFragment = new ExampleFragment();
FragmentTransaction transaction = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();

// Replace whatever is in the fragment_container view with this fragment,
// and add the transaction to the back stack
transaction.replace(R.id.fragment_container, newFragment);
transaction.addToBackStack(null);

// Commit the transaction
transaction.commit();
</pre>

<p>{@code newFragment}  {@code R.id.fragment_container} ID
 () {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#addToBackStack addToBackStack()} []<em></em>

</p>

<p> ( {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#add add()}  {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#remove
remove()}) {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#addToBackStack addToBackStack()} {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#commit commit()}  []<em></em>

</p>

<p> {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction}
</p>
<ul>
  <li> {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#commit()}</li>
  <li>
</li>
</ul>

<p> {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#addToBackStack(String)
addToBackStack()}
 {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#addToBackStack(String) addToBackStack()}<em></em>


</p>

<p class="note"><strong></strong> {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#setTransition setTransition()}

</p>

<p> {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#commit()}
 UI  ()
 UI  {@link
android.app.FragmentManager#executePendingTransactions()} {@link android.app.FragmentTransaction#commit()}

</p>

<p class="caution"><strong></strong> {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#commit commit()}  Activity <a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/activities.html#SavingActivityState"></a> ( Activity )

 ( Activity )
 {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#commitAllowingStateLoss()} </p>


<h2 id="CommunicatingWithActivity"> Activity </h2>

<p> {@link android.app.Fragment}
{@link android.app.Activity}  Activity  Activity
</p>

<p>{@link
android.app.Fragment#getActivity()}  {@link android.app.Activity}  Activity
</p>

<pre>
View listView = {@link android.app.Fragment#getActivity()}.{@link android.app.Activity#findViewById findViewById}(R.id.list);
</pre>

<p> Activity  {@link
android.app.FragmentManager#findFragmentById findFragmentById()}  {@link
android.app.FragmentManager#findFragmentByTag findFragmentByTag()}  {@link android.app.FragmentManager}  {@link android.app.Fragment}
</p>

<pre>
ExampleFragment fragment = (ExampleFragment) getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.example_fragment);
</pre>


<h3 id="EventCallbacks"> Activity </h3>

<p> Activity  Activity

 Activity
</p>

<p> Activity  &mdash;  ( A) ( B) &mdash;  A  Activity  B

{@code OnArticleSelectedListener}  A
</p>

<pre>
public static class FragmentA extends ListFragment {
    ...
    // Container Activity must implement this interface
    public interface OnArticleSelectedListener {
        public void onArticleSelected(Uri articleUri);
    }
    ...
}
</pre>

<p> Activity  {@code OnArticleSelectedListener}  {@code onArticleSelected()}  A  B Activity  A  {@link
android.app.Fragment#onAttach onAttach()}  ( Activity )  {@link android.app.Fragment#onAttach
onAttach()}  {@link android.app.Activity} {@code OnArticleSelectedListener}


</p>

<pre>
public static class FragmentA extends ListFragment {
    OnArticleSelectedListener mListener;
    ...
    &#64;Override
    public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
        super.onAttach(activity);
        try {
            mListener = (OnArticleSelectedListener) activity;
        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            throw new ClassCastException(activity.toString() + " must implement OnArticleSelectedListener");
        }
    }
    ...
}
</pre>

<p> Activity
{@link java.lang.ClassCastException}{@code mListener}  Activity
{@code OnArticleSelectedListener}  A  {@code OnArticleSelectedListener}  Activity

 A
{@link android.app.ListFragment}  {@link android.app.ListFragment#onListItemClick
onListItemClick()} {@code onArticleSelected()}  Activity

</p>

<pre>
public static class FragmentA extends ListFragment {
    OnArticleSelectedListener mListener;
    ...
    &#64;Override
    public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
        // Append the clicked item's row ID with the content provider Uri
        Uri noteUri = ContentUris.{@link android.content.ContentUris#withAppendedId withAppendedId}(ArticleColumns.CONTENT_URI, id);
        // Send the event and Uri to the host activity
        mListener.onArticleSelected(noteUri);
    }
    ...
}
</pre>

<p> {@link
android.app.ListFragment#onListItemClick onListItemClick()}  {@code id}  ID Activity ()  {@link
android.content.ContentProvider}
</p>

<p><!--To see a complete implementation of this kind of callback interface, see the <a
href="{@docRoot}resources/samples/NotePad/index.html">NotePad sample</a>. --><a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/providers/content-providers.html"></a>
</p>


<h3 id="ActionBar"></h3>

<p>
{@link android.app.Fragment#onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu,MenuInflater) onCreateOptionsMenu()}  Activity <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/menus.html#options-menu"></a> (<a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/actionbar.html"></a>)  {@link
android.app.Fragment#onCreate(Bundle) onCreate()}  {@link
android.app.Fragment#setHasOptionsMenu(boolean) setHasOptionsMenu()} (
{@link android.app.Fragment#onCreateOptionsMenu onCreateOptionsMenu()} )

</p>

<p>
 {@link
android.app.Fragment#onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem) onOptionsItemSelected()}
</p>

<p> {@link
android.app.Fragment#registerForContextMenu(View) registerForContextMenu()} {@link
android.app.Fragment#onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu,View,ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo)
onCreateContextMenu()}
 {@link
android.app.Fragment#onContextItemSelected(MenuItem) onContextItemSelected()} </p>

<p class="note"><strong></strong> Activity

 Activity

</p>

<p><a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/menus.html"></a><a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/ui/actionbar.html"></a></p>


<h2 id="Lifecycle"></h2>

<div class="figure" style="width:350px">
<img src="{@docRoot}images/activity_fragment_lifecycle.png" alt="" />
<p class="img-caption"><strong> 3.</strong>Activity
</p>
</div>

<p> Activity  Activity
</p>

<dl>
  <dt><i></i></dt>
    <dd> Activity </dd>

  <dt><i></i></dt>
    <dd> Activity Activity ( Activity )

</dd>

  <dt><i></i></dt>
    <dd> Activity  Activity
 ()
 Activity
</dd>
</dl>

<p> Activity  {@link
android.os.Bundle}  Activity  Activity
 {@link
android.app.Fragment#onSaveInstanceState onSaveInstanceState()}
{@link android.app.Fragment#onCreate onCreate()}{@link
android.app.Fragment#onCreateView onCreateView()}  {@link
android.app.Fragment#onActivityCreated onActivityCreated()}  <a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/activities.html#SavingActivityState">Activity</a>

</p>

<p>Activity
Activity  Activity  []<em></em>  Activity (<a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/tasks-and-back-stack.html"></a>) {@link
android.app.FragmentTransaction#addToBackStack(String) addToBackStack()}  Activity


</p>

<p> Activity
<a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/activities.html#Lifecycle"> Activity </a>
 Activity
</p>

<p class="caution"><strong></strong> {@link android.app.Fragment}
{@link android.content.Context}  {@link android.app.Fragment#getActivity()} Activity  {@link android.app.Fragment#getActivity()}

 Activity {@link android.app.Fragment#getActivity()}
</p>


<h3 id="CoordinatingWithActivity"> Activity </h3>

<p> Activity Activity

 Activity  {@link android.app.Activity#onPause} Activity  {@link android.app.Fragment#onPause}
</p>

<p> Activity  UI

</p>

<dl>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Fragment#onAttach onAttach()}</dt>
    <dd> Activity  ({@link
android.app.Activity}  Activity)</dd>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Fragment#onCreateView onCreateView()}</dt>
    <dd></dd>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Fragment#onActivityCreated onActivityCreated()}</dt>
    <dd> Activity  {@link android.app.Activity#onCreate
onCreate()} </dd>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Fragment#onDestroyView onDestroyView()}</dt>
    <dd></dd>
  <dt>{@link android.app.Fragment#onDetach onDetach()}</dt>
    <dd> Activity </dd>
</dl>

<p> 3  Activity
 Activity
 Activity  {@link
android.app.Activity#onCreate onCreate()} Activity
{@link android.app.Fragment#onActivityCreated onActivityCreated()} </p>

<p>Activity  Activity
 Activity
</p>

<p> Activity Activity
</p>


<h2 id="Example"></h2>

<p> Activity
 Activity

 Activity
</p>

<p class="note"><strong></strong> Activity
<a href="{@docRoot}resources/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/FragmentLayout.html">{@code
FragmentLayout.java}</a></p>

<p> Activity  {@link
android.app.Activity#onCreate onCreate()} </p>

{@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/FragmentLayout.java main}

<p>Activity  {@code fragment_layout.xml}</p>

{@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/res/layout-land/fragment_layout.xml layout}

<p> Activity  {@code TitlesFragment} () {@link android.widget.FrameLayout} ()


 {@link android.widget.FrameLayout}
</p>

<p>
 {@code res/layout-land/fragment_layout.xml}
</p>

<p> {@code res/layout/fragment_layout.xml}
</p>

{@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/res/layout/fragment_layout.xml layout}

<p> {@code TitlesFragment}
 Activity

</p>

<p> {@code
TitlesFragment} {@link
android.app.ListFragment}</p>

<p> Activity  ( {@link
android.widget.FrameLayout}) Activity ()

</p>

{@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/FragmentLayout.java titles}

<p> {@code DetailsFragment}
{@code TitlesFragment} </p>

{@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/FragmentLayout.java details}

<p> {@code TitlesFragment} <em></em> {@code R.id.details}  ({@code DetailsFragment} ) {@code DetailsActivity} Activity


</p>

<p> {@code DetailsFragment}  {@code DetailsActivity}
</p>

{@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/FragmentLayout.java
details_activity}

<p> Activity  Activity  {@code TitlesFragment}  {@code DetailsFragment} {@code DetailsActivity} ( Activity)


</p>


<p> ()<a href="{@docRoot}resources/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/index.html#Fragment">ApiDemos</a>  API Demos  ( <a href="{@docRoot}resources/samples/get.html">SDK </a>)

</p>