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      1 /*
      2  * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
      3  *
      4  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
      5  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
      6  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
      7  *
      8  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
      9  *
     10  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
     11  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
     12  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
     13  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
     14  * limitations under the License.
     15  */
     16 
     17 #include <dirent.h>
     18 #include <errno.h>
     19 #include <fcntl.h>
     20 #include <limits.h>
     21 #include <poll.h>
     22 #include <signal.h>
     23 #include <stdarg.h>
     24 #include <stdio.h>
     25 #include <stdlib.h>
     26 #include <string>
     27 #include <string.h>
     28 #include <sys/capability.h>
     29 #include <sys/inotify.h>
     30 #include <sys/stat.h>
     31 #include <sys/sysconf.h>
     32 #include <sys/time.h>
     33 #include <sys/wait.h>
     34 #include <sys/klog.h>
     35 #include <time.h>
     36 #include <unistd.h>
     37 #include <vector>
     38 #include <sys/prctl.h>
     39 
     40 #define LOG_TAG "dumpstate"
     41 #include <cutils/debugger.h>
     42 #include <cutils/log.h>
     43 #include <cutils/properties.h>
     44 #include <cutils/sockets.h>
     45 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
     46 
     47 #include <selinux/android.h>
     48 
     49 #include "dumpstate.h"
     50 
     51 static const int64_t NANOS_PER_SEC = 1000000000;
     52 
     53 /* list of native processes to include in the native dumps */
     54 // This matches the /proc/pid/exe link instead of /proc/pid/cmdline.
     55 static const char* native_processes_to_dump[] = {
     56         "/system/bin/audioserver",
     57         "/system/bin/cameraserver",
     58         "/system/bin/drmserver",
     59         "/system/bin/mediacodec",     // media.codec
     60         "/system/bin/mediadrmserver",
     61         "/system/bin/mediaextractor", // media.extractor
     62         "/system/bin/mediaserver",
     63         "/system/bin/sdcard",
     64         "/system/bin/surfaceflinger",
     65         "/system/bin/vehicle_network_service",
     66         NULL,
     67 };
     68 
     69 DurationReporter::DurationReporter(const char *title) : DurationReporter(title, stdout) {}
     70 
     71 DurationReporter::DurationReporter(const char *title, FILE *out) {
     72     title_ = title;
     73     if (title) {
     74         started_ = DurationReporter::nanotime();
     75     }
     76     out_ = out;
     77 }
     78 
     79 DurationReporter::~DurationReporter() {
     80     if (title_) {
     81         uint64_t elapsed = DurationReporter::nanotime() - started_;
     82         // Use "Yoda grammar" to make it easier to grep|sort sections.
     83         if (out_) {
     84             fprintf(out_, "------ %.3fs was the duration of '%s' ------\n",
     85                    (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC, title_);
     86         } else {
     87             MYLOGD("Duration of '%s': %.3fs\n", title_, (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC);
     88         }
     89     }
     90 }
     91 
     92 uint64_t DurationReporter::DurationReporter::nanotime() {
     93     struct timespec ts;
     94     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
     95     return (uint64_t) ts.tv_sec * NANOS_PER_SEC + ts.tv_nsec;
     96 }
     97 
     98 void for_each_userid(void (*func)(int), const char *header) {
     99     ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
    100     DIR *d;
    101     struct dirent *de;
    102 
    103     if (header) printf("\n------ %s ------\n", header);
    104     func(0);
    105 
    106     if (!(d = opendir("/data/system/users"))) {
    107         printf("Failed to open /data/system/users (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
    108         return;
    109     }
    110 
    111     while ((de = readdir(d))) {
    112         int userid;
    113         if (de->d_type != DT_DIR || !(userid = atoi(de->d_name))) {
    114             continue;
    115         }
    116         func(userid);
    117     }
    118 
    119     closedir(d);
    120 }
    121 
    122 static void __for_each_pid(void (*helper)(int, const char *, void *), const char *header, void *arg) {
    123     DIR *d;
    124     struct dirent *de;
    125 
    126     if (!(d = opendir("/proc"))) {
    127         printf("Failed to open /proc (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
    128         return;
    129     }
    130 
    131     if (header) printf("\n------ %s ------\n", header);
    132     while ((de = readdir(d))) {
    133         int pid;
    134         int fd;
    135         char cmdpath[255];
    136         char cmdline[255];
    137 
    138         if (!(pid = atoi(de->d_name))) {
    139             continue;
    140         }
    141 
    142         memset(cmdline, 0, sizeof(cmdline));
    143 
    144         snprintf(cmdpath, sizeof(cmdpath), "/proc/%d/cmdline", pid);
    145         if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(cmdpath, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC))) >= 0) {
    146             TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, cmdline, sizeof(cmdline) - 2));
    147             close(fd);
    148             if (cmdline[0]) {
    149                 helper(pid, cmdline, arg);
    150                 continue;
    151             }
    152         }
    153 
    154         // if no cmdline, a kernel thread has comm
    155         snprintf(cmdpath, sizeof(cmdpath), "/proc/%d/comm", pid);
    156         if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(cmdpath, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC))) >= 0) {
    157             TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, cmdline + 1, sizeof(cmdline) - 4));
    158             close(fd);
    159             if (cmdline[1]) {
    160                 cmdline[0] = '[';
    161                 size_t len = strcspn(cmdline, "\f\b\r\n");
    162                 cmdline[len] = ']';
    163                 cmdline[len+1] = '\0';
    164             }
    165         }
    166         if (!cmdline[0]) {
    167             strcpy(cmdline, "N/A");
    168         }
    169         helper(pid, cmdline, arg);
    170     }
    171 
    172     closedir(d);
    173 }
    174 
    175 static void for_each_pid_helper(int pid, const char *cmdline, void *arg) {
    176     for_each_pid_func *func = (for_each_pid_func*) arg;
    177     func(pid, cmdline);
    178 }
    179 
    180 void for_each_pid(for_each_pid_func func, const char *header) {
    181     ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
    182   __for_each_pid(for_each_pid_helper, header, (void *)func);
    183 }
    184 
    185 static void for_each_tid_helper(int pid, const char *cmdline, void *arg) {
    186     DIR *d;
    187     struct dirent *de;
    188     char taskpath[255];
    189     for_each_tid_func *func = (for_each_tid_func *) arg;
    190 
    191     snprintf(taskpath, sizeof(taskpath), "/proc/%d/task", pid);
    192 
    193     if (!(d = opendir(taskpath))) {
    194         printf("Failed to open %s (%s)\n", taskpath, strerror(errno));
    195         return;
    196     }
    197 
    198     func(pid, pid, cmdline);
    199 
    200     while ((de = readdir(d))) {
    201         int tid;
    202         int fd;
    203         char commpath[255];
    204         char comm[255];
    205 
    206         if (!(tid = atoi(de->d_name))) {
    207             continue;
    208         }
    209 
    210         if (tid == pid)
    211             continue;
    212 
    213         snprintf(commpath, sizeof(commpath), "/proc/%d/comm", tid);
    214         memset(comm, 0, sizeof(comm));
    215         if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(commpath, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC))) < 0) {
    216             strcpy(comm, "N/A");
    217         } else {
    218             char *c;
    219             TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, comm, sizeof(comm) - 2));
    220             close(fd);
    221 
    222             c = strrchr(comm, '\n');
    223             if (c) {
    224                 *c = '\0';
    225             }
    226         }
    227         func(pid, tid, comm);
    228     }
    229 
    230     closedir(d);
    231 }
    232 
    233 void for_each_tid(for_each_tid_func func, const char *header) {
    234     ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
    235     __for_each_pid(for_each_tid_helper, header, (void *) func);
    236 }
    237 
    238 void show_wchan(int pid, int tid, const char *name) {
    239     ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
    240     char path[255];
    241     char buffer[255];
    242     int fd, ret, save_errno;
    243     char name_buffer[255];
    244 
    245     memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
    246 
    247     snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/wchan", tid);
    248     if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC))) < 0) {
    249         printf("Failed to open '%s' (%s)\n", path, strerror(errno));
    250         return;
    251     }
    252 
    253     ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
    254     save_errno = errno;
    255     close(fd);
    256 
    257     if (ret < 0) {
    258         printf("Failed to read '%s' (%s)\n", path, strerror(save_errno));
    259         return;
    260     }
    261 
    262     snprintf(name_buffer, sizeof(name_buffer), "%*s%s",
    263              pid == tid ? 0 : 3, "", name);
    264 
    265     printf("%-7d %-32s %s\n", tid, name_buffer, buffer);
    266 
    267     return;
    268 }
    269 
    270 // print time in centiseconds
    271 static void snprcent(char *buffer, size_t len, size_t spc,
    272                      unsigned long long time) {
    273     static long hz; // cache discovered hz
    274 
    275     if (hz <= 0) {
    276         hz = sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK);
    277         if (hz <= 0) {
    278             hz = 1000;
    279         }
    280     }
    281 
    282     // convert to centiseconds
    283     time = (time * 100 + (hz / 2)) / hz;
    284 
    285     char str[16];
    286 
    287     snprintf(str, sizeof(str), " %llu.%02u",
    288              time / 100, (unsigned)(time % 100));
    289     size_t offset = strlen(buffer);
    290     snprintf(buffer + offset, (len > offset) ? len - offset : 0,
    291              "%*s", (spc > offset) ? (int)(spc - offset) : 0, str);
    292 }
    293 
    294 // print permille as a percent
    295 static void snprdec(char *buffer, size_t len, size_t spc, unsigned permille) {
    296     char str[16];
    297 
    298     snprintf(str, sizeof(str), " %u.%u%%", permille / 10, permille % 10);
    299     size_t offset = strlen(buffer);
    300     snprintf(buffer + offset, (len > offset) ? len - offset : 0,
    301              "%*s", (spc > offset) ? (int)(spc - offset) : 0, str);
    302 }
    303 
    304 void show_showtime(int pid, const char *name) {
    305     ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
    306     char path[255];
    307     char buffer[1023];
    308     int fd, ret, save_errno;
    309 
    310     memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
    311 
    312     snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/stat", pid);
    313     if ((fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC))) < 0) {
    314         printf("Failed to open '%s' (%s)\n", path, strerror(errno));
    315         return;
    316     }
    317 
    318     ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
    319     save_errno = errno;
    320     close(fd);
    321 
    322     if (ret < 0) {
    323         printf("Failed to read '%s' (%s)\n", path, strerror(save_errno));
    324         return;
    325     }
    326 
    327     // field 14 is utime
    328     // field 15 is stime
    329     // field 42 is iotime
    330     unsigned long long utime = 0, stime = 0, iotime = 0;
    331     if (sscanf(buffer,
    332                "%*u %*s %*s %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d "
    333                "%*d %*d %llu %llu %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d "
    334                "%*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d "
    335                "%*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %llu ",
    336                &utime, &stime, &iotime) != 3) {
    337         return;
    338     }
    339 
    340     unsigned long long total = utime + stime;
    341     if (!total) {
    342         return;
    343     }
    344 
    345     unsigned permille = (iotime * 1000 + (total / 2)) / total;
    346     if (permille > 1000) {
    347         permille = 1000;
    348     }
    349 
    350     // try to beautify and stabilize columns at <80 characters
    351     snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%-6d%s", pid, name);
    352     if ((name[0] != '[') || utime) {
    353         snprcent(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 57, utime);
    354     }
    355     snprcent(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 65, stime);
    356     if ((name[0] != '[') || iotime) {
    357         snprcent(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 73, iotime);
    358     }
    359     if (iotime) {
    360         snprdec(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 79, permille);
    361     }
    362     puts(buffer); // adds a trailing newline
    363 
    364     return;
    365 }
    366 
    367 void do_dmesg() {
    368     const char *title = "KERNEL LOG (dmesg)";
    369     DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
    370     printf("------ %s ------\n", title);
    371 
    372     ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
    373     /* Get size of kernel buffer */
    374     int size = klogctl(KLOG_SIZE_BUFFER, NULL, 0);
    375     if (size <= 0) {
    376         printf("Unexpected klogctl return value: %d\n\n", size);
    377         return;
    378     }
    379     char *buf = (char *) malloc(size + 1);
    380     if (buf == NULL) {
    381         printf("memory allocation failed\n\n");
    382         return;
    383     }
    384     int retval = klogctl(KLOG_READ_ALL, buf, size);
    385     if (retval < 0) {
    386         printf("klogctl failure\n\n");
    387         free(buf);
    388         return;
    389     }
    390     buf[retval] = '\0';
    391     printf("%s\n\n", buf);
    392     free(buf);
    393     return;
    394 }
    395 
    396 void do_showmap(int pid, const char *name) {
    397     char title[255];
    398     char arg[255];
    399 
    400     snprintf(title, sizeof(title), "SHOW MAP %d (%s)", pid, name);
    401     snprintf(arg, sizeof(arg), "%d", pid);
    402     run_command(title, 10, SU_PATH, "root", "showmap", "-q", arg, NULL);
    403 }
    404 
    405 static int _dump_file_from_fd(const char *title, const char *path, int fd) {
    406     if (title) {
    407         printf("------ %s (%s", title, path);
    408 
    409         struct stat st;
    410         // Only show the modification time of non-device files.
    411         size_t path_len = strlen(path);
    412         if ((path_len < 6 || memcmp(path, "/proc/", 6)) &&
    413                 (path_len < 5 || memcmp(path, "/sys/", 5)) &&
    414                 (path_len < 3 || memcmp(path, "/d/", 3)) &&
    415                 !fstat(fd, &st)) {
    416             char stamp[80];
    417             time_t mtime = st.st_mtime;
    418             strftime(stamp, sizeof(stamp), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", localtime(&mtime));
    419             printf(": %s", stamp);
    420         }
    421         printf(") ------\n");
    422     }
    423     ON_DRY_RUN({ update_progress(WEIGHT_FILE); close(fd); return 0; });
    424 
    425     bool newline = false;
    426     fd_set read_set;
    427     struct timeval tm;
    428     while (1) {
    429         FD_ZERO(&read_set);
    430         FD_SET(fd, &read_set);
    431         /* Timeout if no data is read for 30 seconds. */
    432         tm.tv_sec = 30;
    433         tm.tv_usec = 0;
    434         uint64_t elapsed = DurationReporter::nanotime();
    435         int ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(select(fd + 1, &read_set, NULL, NULL, &tm));
    436         if (ret == -1) {
    437             printf("*** %s: select failed: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
    438             newline = true;
    439             break;
    440         } else if (ret == 0) {
    441             elapsed = DurationReporter::nanotime() - elapsed;
    442             printf("*** %s: Timed out after %.3fs\n", path,
    443                    (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC);
    444             newline = true;
    445             break;
    446         } else {
    447             char buffer[65536];
    448             ssize_t bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
    449             if (bytes_read > 0) {
    450                 fwrite(buffer, bytes_read, 1, stdout);
    451                 newline = (buffer[bytes_read-1] == '\n');
    452             } else {
    453                 if (bytes_read == -1) {
    454                     printf("*** %s: Failed to read from fd: %s", path, strerror(errno));
    455                     newline = true;
    456                 }
    457                 break;
    458             }
    459         }
    460     }
    461     update_progress(WEIGHT_FILE);
    462     close(fd);
    463 
    464     if (!newline) printf("\n");
    465     if (title) printf("\n");
    466     return 0;
    467 }
    468 
    469 /* prints the contents of a file */
    470 int dump_file(const char *title, const char *path) {
    471     DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
    472     int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK | O_CLOEXEC));
    473     if (fd < 0) {
    474         int err = errno;
    475         printf("*** %s: %s\n", path, strerror(err));
    476         if (title) printf("\n");
    477         return -1;
    478     }
    479     return _dump_file_from_fd(title, path, fd);
    480 }
    481 
    482 int read_file_as_long(const char *path, long int *output) {
    483     int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK | O_CLOEXEC));
    484     if (fd < 0) {
    485         int err = errno;
    486         MYLOGE("Error opening file descriptor for %s: %s\n", path, strerror(err));
    487         return -1;
    488     }
    489     char buffer[50];
    490     ssize_t bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
    491     if (bytes_read == -1) {
    492         MYLOGE("Error reading file %s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
    493         return -2;
    494     }
    495     if (bytes_read == 0) {
    496         MYLOGE("File %s is empty\n", path);
    497         return -3;
    498     }
    499     *output = atoi(buffer);
    500     return 0;
    501 }
    502 
    503 /* calls skip to gate calling dump_from_fd recursively
    504  * in the specified directory. dump_from_fd defaults to
    505  * dump_file_from_fd above when set to NULL. skip defaults
    506  * to false when set to NULL. dump_from_fd will always be
    507  * called with title NULL.
    508  */
    509 int dump_files(const char *title, const char *dir,
    510         bool (*skip)(const char *path),
    511         int (*dump_from_fd)(const char *title, const char *path, int fd)) {
    512     DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
    513     DIR *dirp;
    514     struct dirent *d;
    515     char *newpath = NULL;
    516     const char *slash = "/";
    517     int fd, retval = 0;
    518 
    519     if (title) {
    520         printf("------ %s (%s) ------\n", title, dir);
    521     }
    522     ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN(0);
    523 
    524     if (dir[strlen(dir) - 1] == '/') {
    525         ++slash;
    526     }
    527     dirp = opendir(dir);
    528     if (dirp == NULL) {
    529         retval = -errno;
    530         MYLOGE("%s: %s\n", dir, strerror(errno));
    531         return retval;
    532     }
    533 
    534     if (!dump_from_fd) {
    535         dump_from_fd = dump_file_from_fd;
    536     }
    537     for (; ((d = readdir(dirp))); free(newpath), newpath = NULL) {
    538         if ((d->d_name[0] == '.')
    539          && (((d->d_name[1] == '.') && (d->d_name[2] == '\0'))
    540           || (d->d_name[1] == '\0'))) {
    541             continue;
    542         }
    543         asprintf(&newpath, "%s%s%s%s", dir, slash, d->d_name,
    544                  (d->d_type == DT_DIR) ? "/" : "");
    545         if (!newpath) {
    546             retval = -errno;
    547             continue;
    548         }
    549         if (skip && (*skip)(newpath)) {
    550             continue;
    551         }
    552         if (d->d_type == DT_DIR) {
    553             int ret = dump_files(NULL, newpath, skip, dump_from_fd);
    554             if (ret < 0) {
    555                 retval = ret;
    556             }
    557             continue;
    558         }
    559         fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(newpath, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK | O_CLOEXEC));
    560         if (fd < 0) {
    561             retval = fd;
    562             printf("*** %s: %s\n", newpath, strerror(errno));
    563             continue;
    564         }
    565         (*dump_from_fd)(NULL, newpath, fd);
    566     }
    567     closedir(dirp);
    568     if (title) {
    569         printf("\n");
    570     }
    571     return retval;
    572 }
    573 
    574 /* fd must have been opened with the flag O_NONBLOCK. With this flag set,
    575  * it's possible to avoid issues where opening the file itself can get
    576  * stuck.
    577  */
    578 int dump_file_from_fd(const char *title, const char *path, int fd) {
    579     int flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
    580     if (flags == -1) {
    581         printf("*** %s: failed to get flags on fd %d: %s\n", path, fd, strerror(errno));
    582         close(fd);
    583         return -1;
    584     } else if (!(flags & O_NONBLOCK)) {
    585         printf("*** %s: fd must have O_NONBLOCK set.\n", path);
    586         close(fd);
    587         return -1;
    588     }
    589     return _dump_file_from_fd(title, path, fd);
    590 }
    591 
    592 bool waitpid_with_timeout(pid_t pid, int timeout_seconds, int* status) {
    593     sigset_t child_mask, old_mask;
    594     sigemptyset(&child_mask);
    595     sigaddset(&child_mask, SIGCHLD);
    596 
    597     if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &child_mask, &old_mask) == -1) {
    598         printf("*** sigprocmask failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
    599         return false;
    600     }
    601 
    602     struct timespec ts;
    603     ts.tv_sec = timeout_seconds;
    604     ts.tv_nsec = 0;
    605     int ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(sigtimedwait(&child_mask, NULL, &ts));
    606     int saved_errno = errno;
    607     // Set the signals back the way they were.
    608     if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &old_mask, NULL) == -1) {
    609         printf("*** sigprocmask failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
    610         if (ret == 0) {
    611             return false;
    612         }
    613     }
    614     if (ret == -1) {
    615         errno = saved_errno;
    616         if (errno == EAGAIN) {
    617             errno = ETIMEDOUT;
    618         } else {
    619             printf("*** sigtimedwait failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
    620         }
    621         return false;
    622     }
    623 
    624     pid_t child_pid = waitpid(pid, status, WNOHANG);
    625     if (child_pid != pid) {
    626         if (child_pid != -1) {
    627             printf("*** Waiting for pid %d, got pid %d instead\n", pid, child_pid);
    628         } else {
    629             printf("*** waitpid failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
    630         }
    631         return false;
    632     }
    633     return true;
    634 }
    635 
    636 // TODO: refactor all those commands that convert args
    637 void format_args(const char* command, const char *args[], std::string *string);
    638 
    639 int run_command(const char *title, int timeout_seconds, const char *command, ...) {
    640     DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
    641     fflush(stdout);
    642 
    643     const char *args[1024] = {command};
    644     size_t arg;
    645     va_list ap;
    646     va_start(ap, command);
    647     if (title) printf("------ %s (%s", title, command);
    648     bool null_terminated = false;
    649     for (arg = 1; arg < sizeof(args) / sizeof(args[0]); ++arg) {
    650         args[arg] = va_arg(ap, const char *);
    651         if (args[arg] == nullptr) {
    652             null_terminated = true;
    653             break;
    654         }
    655         // TODO: null_terminated check is not really working; line below would crash dumpstate if
    656         // nullptr is missing
    657         if (title) printf(" %s", args[arg]);
    658     }
    659     if (title) printf(") ------\n");
    660     fflush(stdout);
    661     if (!null_terminated) {
    662         // Fail now, otherwise execvp() call on run_command_always() might hang.
    663         std::string cmd;
    664         format_args(command, args, &cmd);
    665         MYLOGE("skipping command %s because its args were not NULL-terminated", cmd.c_str());
    666         return -1;
    667     }
    668 
    669     ON_DRY_RUN({ update_progress(timeout_seconds); va_end(ap); return 0; });
    670 
    671     int status = run_command_always(title, DONT_DROP_ROOT, NORMAL_STDOUT, timeout_seconds, args);
    672     va_end(ap);
    673     return status;
    674 }
    675 
    676 int run_command_as_shell(const char *title, int timeout_seconds, const char *command, ...) {
    677     DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
    678     fflush(stdout);
    679 
    680     const char *args[1024] = {command};
    681     size_t arg;
    682     va_list ap;
    683     va_start(ap, command);
    684     if (title) printf("------ %s (%s", title, command);
    685     bool null_terminated = false;
    686     for (arg = 1; arg < sizeof(args) / sizeof(args[0]); ++arg) {
    687         args[arg] = va_arg(ap, const char *);
    688         if (args[arg] == nullptr) {
    689             null_terminated = true;
    690             break;
    691         }
    692         // TODO: null_terminated check is not really working; line below would crash dumpstate if
    693         // nullptr is missing
    694         if (title) printf(" %s", args[arg]);
    695     }
    696     if (title) printf(") ------\n");
    697     fflush(stdout);
    698     if (!null_terminated) {
    699         // Fail now, otherwise execvp() call on run_command_always() might hang.
    700         std::string cmd;
    701         format_args(command, args, &cmd);
    702         MYLOGE("skipping command %s because its args were not NULL-terminated", cmd.c_str());
    703         return -1;
    704     }
    705 
    706     ON_DRY_RUN({ update_progress(timeout_seconds); va_end(ap); return 0; });
    707 
    708     int status = run_command_always(title, DROP_ROOT, NORMAL_STDOUT, timeout_seconds, args);
    709     va_end(ap);
    710     return status;
    711 }
    712 
    713 /* forks a command and waits for it to finish */
    714 int run_command_always(const char *title, RootMode root_mode, StdoutMode stdout_mode,
    715         int timeout_seconds, const char *args[]) {
    716     bool silent = (stdout_mode == REDIRECT_TO_STDERR);
    717     // TODO: need to check if args is null-terminated, otherwise execvp will crash dumpstate
    718 
    719     /* TODO: for now we're simplifying the progress calculation by using the timeout as the weight.
    720      * It's a good approximation for most cases, except when calling dumpsys, where its weight
    721      * should be much higher proportionally to its timeout. */
    722     int weight = timeout_seconds;
    723 
    724     const char *command = args[0];
    725     uint64_t start = DurationReporter::nanotime();
    726     pid_t pid = fork();
    727 
    728     /* handle error case */
    729     if (pid < 0) {
    730         if (!silent) printf("*** fork: %s\n", strerror(errno));
    731         MYLOGE("*** fork: %s\n", strerror(errno));
    732         return pid;
    733     }
    734 
    735     /* handle child case */
    736     if (pid == 0) {
    737         if (root_mode == DROP_ROOT && !drop_root_user()) {
    738         if (!silent) printf("*** fail todrop root before running %s: %s\n", command,
    739                 strerror(errno));
    740             MYLOGE("*** could not drop root before running %s: %s\n", command, strerror(errno));
    741             return -1;
    742         }
    743 
    744         if (silent) {
    745             // Redirect stderr to stdout
    746             dup2(STDERR_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO);
    747         }
    748 
    749         /* make sure the child dies when dumpstate dies */
    750         prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL);
    751 
    752         /* just ignore SIGPIPE, will go down with parent's */
    753         struct sigaction sigact;
    754         memset(&sigact, 0, sizeof(sigact));
    755         sigact.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
    756         sigaction(SIGPIPE, &sigact, NULL);
    757 
    758         execvp(command, (char**) args);
    759         // execvp's result will be handled after waitpid_with_timeout() below, but if it failed,
    760         // it's safer to exit dumpstate.
    761         MYLOGD("execvp on command '%s' failed (error: %s)", command, strerror(errno));
    762         fflush(stdout);
    763         // Must call _exit (instead of exit), otherwise it will corrupt the zip file.
    764         _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    765     }
    766 
    767     /* handle parent case */
    768     int status;
    769     bool ret = waitpid_with_timeout(pid, timeout_seconds, &status);
    770     uint64_t elapsed = DurationReporter::nanotime() - start;
    771     std::string cmd; // used to log command and its args
    772     if (!ret) {
    773         if (errno == ETIMEDOUT) {
    774             format_args(command, args, &cmd);
    775             if (!silent) printf("*** command '%s' timed out after %.3fs (killing pid %d)\n",
    776             cmd.c_str(), (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC, pid);
    777             MYLOGE("command '%s' timed out after %.3fs (killing pid %d)\n", cmd.c_str(),
    778                    (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC, pid);
    779         } else {
    780             format_args(command, args, &cmd);
    781             if (!silent) printf("*** command '%s': Error after %.4fs (killing pid %d)\n",
    782             cmd.c_str(), (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC, pid);
    783             MYLOGE("command '%s': Error after %.4fs (killing pid %d)\n", cmd.c_str(),
    784                    (float) elapsed / NANOS_PER_SEC, pid);
    785         }
    786         kill(pid, SIGTERM);
    787         if (!waitpid_with_timeout(pid, 5, NULL)) {
    788             kill(pid, SIGKILL);
    789             if (!waitpid_with_timeout(pid, 5, NULL)) {
    790                 if (!silent) printf("could not kill command '%s' (pid %d) even with SIGKILL.\n",
    791                         command, pid);
    792                 MYLOGE("could not kill command '%s' (pid %d) even with SIGKILL.\n", command, pid);
    793             }
    794         }
    795         return -1;
    796     } else if (status) {
    797         format_args(command, args, &cmd);
    798         if (!silent) printf("*** command '%s' failed: %s\n", cmd.c_str(), strerror(errno));
    799         MYLOGE("command '%s' failed: %s\n", cmd.c_str(), strerror(errno));
    800         return -2;
    801     }
    802 
    803     if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
    804         if (!silent) printf("*** %s: Killed by signal %d\n", command, WTERMSIG(status));
    805         MYLOGE("*** %s: Killed by signal %d\n", command, WTERMSIG(status));
    806     } else if (WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) > 0) {
    807         if (!silent) printf("*** %s: Exit code %d\n", command, WEXITSTATUS(status));
    808         MYLOGE("*** %s: Exit code %d\n", command, WEXITSTATUS(status));
    809     }
    810 
    811     if (weight > 0) {
    812         update_progress(weight);
    813     }
    814     return status;
    815 }
    816 
    817 bool drop_root_user() {
    818     if (getgid() == AID_SHELL && getuid() == AID_SHELL) {
    819         MYLOGD("drop_root_user(): already running as Shell");
    820         return true;
    821     }
    822     /* ensure we will keep capabilities when we drop root */
    823     if (prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS, 1) < 0) {
    824         MYLOGE("prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS) failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
    825         return false;
    826     }
    827 
    828     gid_t groups[] = { AID_LOG, AID_SDCARD_R, AID_SDCARD_RW,
    829             AID_MOUNT, AID_INET, AID_NET_BW_STATS, AID_READPROC };
    830     if (setgroups(sizeof(groups)/sizeof(groups[0]), groups) != 0) {
    831         MYLOGE("Unable to setgroups, aborting: %s\n", strerror(errno));
    832         return false;
    833     }
    834     if (setgid(AID_SHELL) != 0) {
    835         MYLOGE("Unable to setgid, aborting: %s\n", strerror(errno));
    836         return false;
    837     }
    838     if (setuid(AID_SHELL) != 0) {
    839         MYLOGE("Unable to setuid, aborting: %s\n", strerror(errno));
    840         return false;
    841     }
    842 
    843     struct __user_cap_header_struct capheader;
    844     struct __user_cap_data_struct capdata[2];
    845     memset(&capheader, 0, sizeof(capheader));
    846     memset(&capdata, 0, sizeof(capdata));
    847     capheader.version = _LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3;
    848     capheader.pid = 0;
    849 
    850     capdata[CAP_TO_INDEX(CAP_SYSLOG)].permitted = CAP_TO_MASK(CAP_SYSLOG);
    851     capdata[CAP_TO_INDEX(CAP_SYSLOG)].effective = CAP_TO_MASK(CAP_SYSLOG);
    852     capdata[0].inheritable = 0;
    853     capdata[1].inheritable = 0;
    854 
    855     if (capset(&capheader, &capdata[0]) < 0) {
    856         MYLOGE("capset failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
    857         return false;
    858     }
    859 
    860     return true;
    861 }
    862 
    863 void send_broadcast(const std::string& action, const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
    864     if (args.size() > 1000) {
    865         MYLOGE("send_broadcast: too many arguments (%d)\n", (int) args.size());
    866         return;
    867     }
    868     const char *am_args[1024] = { "/system/bin/am", "broadcast", "--user", "0", "-a",
    869                                   action.c_str() };
    870     size_t am_index = 5; // Starts at the index of last initial value above.
    871     for (const std::string& arg : args) {
    872         am_args[++am_index] = arg.c_str();
    873     }
    874     // Always terminate with NULL.
    875     am_args[am_index + 1] = NULL;
    876     std::string args_string;
    877     format_args(am_index + 1, am_args, &args_string);
    878     MYLOGD("send_broadcast command: %s\n", args_string.c_str());
    879     run_command_always(NULL, DROP_ROOT, REDIRECT_TO_STDERR, 20, am_args);
    880 }
    881 
    882 size_t num_props = 0;
    883 static char* props[2000];
    884 
    885 static void print_prop(const char *key, const char *name, void *user) {
    886     (void) user;
    887     if (num_props < sizeof(props) / sizeof(props[0])) {
    888         char buf[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX + 10];
    889         snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "[%s]: [%s]\n", key, name);
    890         props[num_props++] = strdup(buf);
    891     }
    892 }
    893 
    894 static int compare_prop(const void *a, const void *b) {
    895     return strcmp(*(char * const *) a, *(char * const *) b);
    896 }
    897 
    898 /* prints all the system properties */
    899 void print_properties() {
    900     const char* title = "SYSTEM PROPERTIES";
    901     DurationReporter duration_reporter(title);
    902     printf("------ %s ------\n", title);
    903     ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
    904     size_t i;
    905     num_props = 0;
    906     property_list(print_prop, NULL);
    907     qsort(&props, num_props, sizeof(props[0]), compare_prop);
    908 
    909     for (i = 0; i < num_props; ++i) {
    910         fputs(props[i], stdout);
    911         free(props[i]);
    912     }
    913     printf("\n");
    914 }
    915 
    916 int open_socket(const char *service) {
    917     int s = android_get_control_socket(service);
    918     if (s < 0) {
    919         MYLOGE("android_get_control_socket(%s): %s\n", service, strerror(errno));
    920         exit(1);
    921     }
    922     fcntl(s, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
    923     if (listen(s, 4) < 0) {
    924         MYLOGE("listen(control socket): %s\n", strerror(errno));
    925         exit(1);
    926     }
    927 
    928     struct sockaddr addr;
    929     socklen_t alen = sizeof(addr);
    930     int fd = accept(s, &addr, &alen);
    931     if (fd < 0) {
    932         MYLOGE("accept(control socket): %s\n", strerror(errno));
    933         exit(1);
    934     }
    935 
    936     return fd;
    937 }
    938 
    939 /* redirect output to a service control socket */
    940 void redirect_to_socket(FILE *redirect, const char *service) {
    941     int fd = open_socket(service);
    942     fflush(redirect);
    943     dup2(fd, fileno(redirect));
    944     close(fd);
    945 }
    946 
    947 // TODO: should call is_valid_output_file and/or be merged into it.
    948 void create_parent_dirs(const char *path) {
    949     char *chp = const_cast<char *> (path);
    950 
    951     /* skip initial slash */
    952     if (chp[0] == '/')
    953         chp++;
    954 
    955     /* create leading directories, if necessary */
    956     struct stat dir_stat;
    957     while (chp && chp[0]) {
    958         chp = strchr(chp, '/');
    959         if (chp) {
    960             *chp = 0;
    961             if (stat(path, &dir_stat) == -1 || !S_ISDIR(dir_stat.st_mode)) {
    962                 MYLOGI("Creating directory %s\n", path);
    963                 if (mkdir(path, 0770)) { /* drwxrwx--- */
    964                     MYLOGE("Unable to create directory %s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
    965                 } else if (chown(path, AID_SHELL, AID_SHELL)) {
    966                     MYLOGE("Unable to change ownership of dir %s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
    967                 }
    968             }
    969             *chp++ = '/';
    970         }
    971     }
    972 }
    973 
    974 /* redirect output to a file */
    975 void redirect_to_file(FILE *redirect, char *path) {
    976     create_parent_dirs(path);
    977 
    978     int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW,
    979                                      S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH));
    980     if (fd < 0) {
    981         MYLOGE("%s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
    982         exit(1);
    983     }
    984 
    985     TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(dup2(fd, fileno(redirect)));
    986     close(fd);
    987 }
    988 
    989 static bool should_dump_native_traces(const char* path) {
    990     for (const char** p = native_processes_to_dump; *p; p++) {
    991         if (!strcmp(*p, path)) {
    992             return true;
    993         }
    994     }
    995     return false;
    996 }
    997 
    998 /* dump Dalvik and native stack traces, return the trace file location (NULL if none) */
    999 const char *dump_traces() {
   1000     DurationReporter duration_reporter("DUMP TRACES", NULL);
   1001     ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN(NULL);
   1002     const char* result = NULL;
   1003 
   1004     char traces_path[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX] = "";
   1005     property_get("dalvik.vm.stack-trace-file", traces_path, "");
   1006     if (!traces_path[0]) return NULL;
   1007 
   1008     /* move the old traces.txt (if any) out of the way temporarily */
   1009     char anr_traces_path[PATH_MAX];
   1010     strlcpy(anr_traces_path, traces_path, sizeof(anr_traces_path));
   1011     strlcat(anr_traces_path, ".anr", sizeof(anr_traces_path));
   1012     if (rename(traces_path, anr_traces_path) && errno != ENOENT) {
   1013         MYLOGE("rename(%s, %s): %s\n", traces_path, anr_traces_path, strerror(errno));
   1014         return NULL;  // Can't rename old traces.txt -- no permission? -- leave it alone instead
   1015     }
   1016 
   1017     /* create a new, empty traces.txt file to receive stack dumps */
   1018     int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(traces_path, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC,
   1019                                      0666));  /* -rw-rw-rw- */
   1020     if (fd < 0) {
   1021         MYLOGE("%s: %s\n", traces_path, strerror(errno));
   1022         return NULL;
   1023     }
   1024     int chmod_ret = fchmod(fd, 0666);
   1025     if (chmod_ret < 0) {
   1026         MYLOGE("fchmod on %s failed: %s\n", traces_path, strerror(errno));
   1027         close(fd);
   1028         return NULL;
   1029     }
   1030 
   1031     /* Variables below must be initialized before 'goto' statements */
   1032     int dalvik_found = 0;
   1033     int ifd, wfd = -1;
   1034 
   1035     /* walk /proc and kill -QUIT all Dalvik processes */
   1036     DIR *proc = opendir("/proc");
   1037     if (proc == NULL) {
   1038         MYLOGE("/proc: %s\n", strerror(errno));
   1039         goto error_close_fd;
   1040     }
   1041 
   1042     /* use inotify to find when processes are done dumping */
   1043     ifd = inotify_init();
   1044     if (ifd < 0) {
   1045         MYLOGE("inotify_init: %s\n", strerror(errno));
   1046         goto error_close_fd;
   1047     }
   1048 
   1049     wfd = inotify_add_watch(ifd, traces_path, IN_CLOSE_WRITE);
   1050     if (wfd < 0) {
   1051         MYLOGE("inotify_add_watch(%s): %s\n", traces_path, strerror(errno));
   1052         goto error_close_ifd;
   1053     }
   1054 
   1055     struct dirent *d;
   1056     while ((d = readdir(proc))) {
   1057         int pid = atoi(d->d_name);
   1058         if (pid <= 0) continue;
   1059 
   1060         char path[PATH_MAX];
   1061         char data[PATH_MAX];
   1062         snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/exe", pid);
   1063         ssize_t len = readlink(path, data, sizeof(data) - 1);
   1064         if (len <= 0) {
   1065             continue;
   1066         }
   1067         data[len] = '\0';
   1068 
   1069         if (!strncmp(data, "/system/bin/app_process", strlen("/system/bin/app_process"))) {
   1070             /* skip zygote -- it won't dump its stack anyway */
   1071             snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/cmdline", pid);
   1072             int cfd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
   1073             len = read(cfd, data, sizeof(data) - 1);
   1074             close(cfd);
   1075             if (len <= 0) {
   1076                 continue;
   1077             }
   1078             data[len] = '\0';
   1079             if (!strncmp(data, "zygote", strlen("zygote"))) {
   1080                 continue;
   1081             }
   1082 
   1083             ++dalvik_found;
   1084             uint64_t start = DurationReporter::nanotime();
   1085             if (kill(pid, SIGQUIT)) {
   1086                 MYLOGE("kill(%d, SIGQUIT): %s\n", pid, strerror(errno));
   1087                 continue;
   1088             }
   1089 
   1090             /* wait for the writable-close notification from inotify */
   1091             struct pollfd pfd = { ifd, POLLIN, 0 };
   1092             int ret = poll(&pfd, 1, 5000);  /* 5 sec timeout */
   1093             if (ret < 0) {
   1094                 MYLOGE("poll: %s\n", strerror(errno));
   1095             } else if (ret == 0) {
   1096                 MYLOGE("warning: timed out dumping pid %d\n", pid);
   1097             } else {
   1098                 struct inotify_event ie;
   1099                 read(ifd, &ie, sizeof(ie));
   1100             }
   1101 
   1102             if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END) < 0) {
   1103                 MYLOGE("lseek: %s\n", strerror(errno));
   1104             } else {
   1105                 dprintf(fd, "[dump dalvik stack %d: %.3fs elapsed]\n",
   1106                         pid, (float)(DurationReporter::nanotime() - start) / NANOS_PER_SEC);
   1107             }
   1108         } else if (should_dump_native_traces(data)) {
   1109             /* dump native process if appropriate */
   1110             if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END) < 0) {
   1111                 MYLOGE("lseek: %s\n", strerror(errno));
   1112             } else {
   1113                 static uint16_t timeout_failures = 0;
   1114                 uint64_t start = DurationReporter::nanotime();
   1115 
   1116                 /* If 3 backtrace dumps fail in a row, consider debuggerd dead. */
   1117                 if (timeout_failures == 3) {
   1118                     dprintf(fd, "too many stack dump failures, skipping...\n");
   1119                 } else if (dump_backtrace_to_file_timeout(pid, fd, 20) == -1) {
   1120                     dprintf(fd, "dumping failed, likely due to a timeout\n");
   1121                     timeout_failures++;
   1122                 } else {
   1123                     timeout_failures = 0;
   1124                 }
   1125                 dprintf(fd, "[dump native stack %d: %.3fs elapsed]\n",
   1126                         pid, (float)(DurationReporter::nanotime() - start) / NANOS_PER_SEC);
   1127             }
   1128         }
   1129     }
   1130 
   1131     if (dalvik_found == 0) {
   1132         MYLOGE("Warning: no Dalvik processes found to dump stacks\n");
   1133     }
   1134 
   1135     static char dump_traces_path[PATH_MAX];
   1136     strlcpy(dump_traces_path, traces_path, sizeof(dump_traces_path));
   1137     strlcat(dump_traces_path, ".bugreport", sizeof(dump_traces_path));
   1138     if (rename(traces_path, dump_traces_path)) {
   1139         MYLOGE("rename(%s, %s): %s\n", traces_path, dump_traces_path, strerror(errno));
   1140         goto error_close_ifd;
   1141     }
   1142     result = dump_traces_path;
   1143 
   1144     /* replace the saved [ANR] traces.txt file */
   1145     rename(anr_traces_path, traces_path);
   1146 
   1147 error_close_ifd:
   1148     close(ifd);
   1149 error_close_fd:
   1150     close(fd);
   1151     return result;
   1152 }
   1153 
   1154 void dump_route_tables() {
   1155     DurationReporter duration_reporter("DUMP ROUTE TABLES");
   1156     ON_DRY_RUN_RETURN();
   1157     const char* const RT_TABLES_PATH = "/data/misc/net/rt_tables";
   1158     dump_file("RT_TABLES", RT_TABLES_PATH);
   1159     FILE* fp = fopen(RT_TABLES_PATH, "re");
   1160     if (!fp) {
   1161         printf("*** %s: %s\n", RT_TABLES_PATH, strerror(errno));
   1162         return;
   1163     }
   1164     char table[16];
   1165     // Each line has an integer (the table number), a space, and a string (the table name). We only
   1166     // need the table number. It's a 32-bit unsigned number, so max 10 chars. Skip the table name.
   1167     // Add a fixed max limit so this doesn't go awry.
   1168     for (int i = 0; i < 64 && fscanf(fp, " %10s %*s", table) == 1; ++i) {
   1169         run_command("ROUTE TABLE IPv4", 10, "ip", "-4", "route", "show", "table", table, NULL);
   1170         run_command("ROUTE TABLE IPv6", 10, "ip", "-6", "route", "show", "table", table, NULL);
   1171     }
   1172     fclose(fp);
   1173 }
   1174 
   1175 /* overall progress */
   1176 int progress = 0;
   1177 int do_update_progress = 0; // Set by dumpstate.cpp
   1178 int weight_total = WEIGHT_TOTAL;
   1179 
   1180 // TODO: make this function thread safe if sections are generated in parallel.
   1181 void update_progress(int delta) {
   1182     if (!do_update_progress) return;
   1183 
   1184     progress += delta;
   1185 
   1186     char key[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
   1187     char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
   1188 
   1189     // adjusts max on the fly
   1190     if (progress > weight_total) {
   1191         int new_total = weight_total * 1.2;
   1192         MYLOGD("Adjusting total weight from %d to %d\n", weight_total, new_total);
   1193         weight_total = new_total;
   1194         snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "dumpstate.%d.max", getpid());
   1195         snprintf(value, sizeof(value), "%d", weight_total);
   1196         int status = property_set(key, value);
   1197         if (status) {
   1198             MYLOGE("Could not update max weight by setting system property %s to %s: %d\n",
   1199                     key, value, status);
   1200         }
   1201     }
   1202 
   1203     snprintf(key, sizeof(key), "dumpstate.%d.progress", getpid());
   1204     snprintf(value, sizeof(value), "%d", progress);
   1205 
   1206     if (progress % 100 == 0) {
   1207         // We don't want to spam logcat, so only log multiples of 100.
   1208         MYLOGD("Setting progress (%s): %s/%d\n", key, value, weight_total);
   1209     } else {
   1210         // stderr is ignored on normal invocations, but useful when calling /system/bin/dumpstate
   1211         // directly for debuggging.
   1212         fprintf(stderr, "Setting progress (%s): %s/%d\n", key, value, weight_total);
   1213     }
   1214 
   1215     int status = property_set(key, value);
   1216     if (status) {
   1217         MYLOGE("Could not update progress by setting system property %s to %s: %d\n",
   1218                 key, value, status);
   1219     }
   1220 }
   1221 
   1222 void take_screenshot(const std::string& path) {
   1223     const char *args[] = { "/system/bin/screencap", "-p", path.c_str(), NULL };
   1224     run_command_always(NULL, DONT_DROP_ROOT, REDIRECT_TO_STDERR, 10, args);
   1225 }
   1226 
   1227 void vibrate(FILE* vibrator, int ms) {
   1228     fprintf(vibrator, "%d\n", ms);
   1229     fflush(vibrator);
   1230 }
   1231 
   1232 bool is_dir(const char* pathname) {
   1233     struct stat info;
   1234     if (stat(pathname, &info) == -1) {
   1235         return false;
   1236     }
   1237     return S_ISDIR(info.st_mode);
   1238 }
   1239 
   1240 time_t get_mtime(int fd, time_t default_mtime) {
   1241     struct stat info;
   1242     if (fstat(fd, &info) == -1) {
   1243         return default_mtime;
   1244     }
   1245     return info.st_mtime;
   1246 }
   1247 
   1248 void dump_emmc_ecsd(const char *ext_csd_path) {
   1249     static const size_t EXT_CSD_REV = 192;
   1250     static const size_t EXT_PRE_EOL_INFO = 267;
   1251     static const size_t EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_A = 268;
   1252     static const size_t EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_B = 269;
   1253     struct hex {
   1254         char str[2];
   1255     } buffer[512];
   1256     int fd, ext_csd_rev, ext_pre_eol_info;
   1257     ssize_t bytes_read;
   1258     static const char *ver_str[] = {
   1259         "4.0", "4.1", "4.2", "4.3", "Obsolete", "4.41", "4.5", "5.0"
   1260     };
   1261     static const char *eol_str[] = {
   1262         "Undefined",
   1263         "Normal",
   1264         "Warning (consumed 80% of reserve)",
   1265         "Urgent (consumed 90% of reserve)"
   1266     };
   1267 
   1268     printf("------ %s Extended CSD ------\n", ext_csd_path);
   1269 
   1270     fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(ext_csd_path,
   1271                                  O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK | O_CLOEXEC));
   1272     if (fd < 0) {
   1273         printf("*** %s: %s\n\n", ext_csd_path, strerror(errno));
   1274         return;
   1275     }
   1276 
   1277     bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
   1278     close(fd);
   1279     if (bytes_read < 0) {
   1280         printf("*** %s: %s\n\n", ext_csd_path, strerror(errno));
   1281         return;
   1282     }
   1283     if (bytes_read < (ssize_t)(EXT_CSD_REV * sizeof(struct hex))) {
   1284         printf("*** %s: truncated content %zd\n\n", ext_csd_path, bytes_read);
   1285         return;
   1286     }
   1287 
   1288     ext_csd_rev = 0;
   1289     if (sscanf(buffer[EXT_CSD_REV].str, "%02x", &ext_csd_rev) != 1) {
   1290         printf("*** %s: EXT_CSD_REV parse error \"%.2s\"\n\n",
   1291                ext_csd_path, buffer[EXT_CSD_REV].str);
   1292         return;
   1293     }
   1294 
   1295     printf("rev 1.%d (MMC %s)\n",
   1296            ext_csd_rev,
   1297            (ext_csd_rev < (int)(sizeof(ver_str) / sizeof(ver_str[0]))) ?
   1298                ver_str[ext_csd_rev] :
   1299                "Unknown");
   1300     if (ext_csd_rev < 7) {
   1301         printf("\n");
   1302         return;
   1303     }
   1304 
   1305     if (bytes_read < (ssize_t)(EXT_PRE_EOL_INFO * sizeof(struct hex))) {
   1306         printf("*** %s: truncated content %zd\n\n", ext_csd_path, bytes_read);
   1307         return;
   1308     }
   1309 
   1310     ext_pre_eol_info = 0;
   1311     if (sscanf(buffer[EXT_PRE_EOL_INFO].str, "%02x", &ext_pre_eol_info) != 1) {
   1312         printf("*** %s: PRE_EOL_INFO parse error \"%.2s\"\n\n",
   1313                ext_csd_path, buffer[EXT_PRE_EOL_INFO].str);
   1314         return;
   1315     }
   1316     printf("PRE_EOL_INFO %d (MMC %s)\n",
   1317            ext_pre_eol_info,
   1318            eol_str[(ext_pre_eol_info < (int)
   1319                        (sizeof(eol_str) / sizeof(eol_str[0]))) ?
   1320                            ext_pre_eol_info : 0]);
   1321 
   1322     for (size_t lifetime = EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_A;
   1323             lifetime <= EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_B;
   1324             ++lifetime) {
   1325         int ext_device_life_time_est;
   1326         static const char *est_str[] = {
   1327             "Undefined",
   1328             "0-10% of device lifetime used",
   1329             "10-20% of device lifetime used",
   1330             "20-30% of device lifetime used",
   1331             "30-40% of device lifetime used",
   1332             "40-50% of device lifetime used",
   1333             "50-60% of device lifetime used",
   1334             "60-70% of device lifetime used",
   1335             "70-80% of device lifetime used",
   1336             "80-90% of device lifetime used",
   1337             "90-100% of device lifetime used",
   1338             "Exceeded the maximum estimated device lifetime",
   1339         };
   1340 
   1341         if (bytes_read < (ssize_t)(lifetime * sizeof(struct hex))) {
   1342             printf("*** %s: truncated content %zd\n", ext_csd_path, bytes_read);
   1343             break;
   1344         }
   1345 
   1346         ext_device_life_time_est = 0;
   1347         if (sscanf(buffer[lifetime].str, "%02x", &ext_device_life_time_est) != 1) {
   1348             printf("*** %s: DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_%c parse error \"%.2s\"\n",
   1349                    ext_csd_path,
   1350                    (unsigned)(lifetime - EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_A) + 'A',
   1351                    buffer[lifetime].str);
   1352             continue;
   1353         }
   1354         printf("DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_%c %d (MMC %s)\n",
   1355                (unsigned)(lifetime - EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_TYP_A) + 'A',
   1356                ext_device_life_time_est,
   1357                est_str[(ext_device_life_time_est < (int)
   1358                            (sizeof(est_str) / sizeof(est_str[0]))) ?
   1359                                ext_device_life_time_est : 0]);
   1360     }
   1361 
   1362     printf("\n");
   1363 }
   1364 
   1365 // TODO: refactor all those commands that convert args
   1366 void format_args(int argc, const char *argv[], std::string *args) {
   1367     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(args == nullptr);
   1368     for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
   1369         args->append(argv[i]);
   1370         if (i < argc -1) {
   1371           args->append(" ");
   1372         }
   1373     }
   1374 }
   1375 void format_args(const char* command, const char *args[], std::string *string) {
   1376     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(args == nullptr || command == nullptr);
   1377     string->append(command);
   1378     if (args[0] == nullptr) return;
   1379     string->append(" ");
   1380 
   1381     for (int arg = 1; arg <= 1000; ++arg) {
   1382         if (args[arg] == nullptr) return;
   1383         string->append(args[arg]);
   1384         if (args[arg+1] != nullptr) {
   1385             string->append(" ");
   1386         }
   1387     }
   1388     // TODO: not really working: if NULL is missing, it will crash dumpstate.
   1389     MYLOGE("internal error: missing NULL entry on %s", string->c_str());
   1390 }
   1391