-h, --help Show summary of options.
-V, --version Output version information.
-n, --numeric Do not try to resolve service names.
-r, --resolve Try to resolve numeric address/ports.
-a, --all Display both listening and non-listening (for TCP this means established connections) sockets.
-l, --listening Display only listening sockets (these are omitted by default).
-o, --options Show timer information.
-e, --extended Show detailed socket information
-m, --memory Show socket memory usage.
-p, --processes Show process using socket.
-i, --info Show internal TCP information.
-K, --kill Attempts to forcibly close sockets. This option displays sockets that are successfully closed and silently skips sockets that the kernel does not support closing. It supports IPv4 and IPv6 sockets only.
-s, --summary Print summary statistics. This option does not parse socket lists obtaining summary from various sources. It is useful when amount of sockets is so huge that parsing /proc/net/tcp is painful.
-Z, --context As the -p option but also shows process security context. For netlink (7) sockets the initiating process context is displayed as follows:
-z, --contexts As the -Z option but also shows the socket context. The socket context is taken from the associated inode and is not the actual socket context held by the kernel. Sockets are typically labeled with the context of the creating process, however the context shown will reflect any policy role, type and/or range transition rules applied, and is therefore a useful reference.
-N NSNAME, --net=NSNAME Switch to the specified network namespace name.
-b, --bpf Show socket BPF filters (only administrators are allowed to get these information).
-4, --ipv4 Display only IP version 4 sockets (alias for -f inet).
-6, --ipv6 Display only IP version 6 sockets (alias for -f inet6).
-0, --packet Display PACKET sockets (alias for -f link).
-t, --tcp Display TCP sockets.
-u, --udp Display UDP sockets.
-d, --dccp Display DCCP sockets.
-w, --raw Display RAW sockets.
-x, --unix Display Unix domain sockets (alias for -f unix).
-f FAMILY, --family=FAMILY Display sockets of type FAMILY. Currently the following families are supported: unix, inet, inet6, link, netlink.
-A QUERY, --query=QUERY, --socket=QUERY List of socket tables to dump, separated by commas. The following identifiers are understood: all, inet, tcp, udp, raw, unix, packet, netlink, unix_dgram, unix_stream, unix_seqpacket, packet_raw, packet_dgram.
-D FILE, --diag=FILE Do not display anything, just dump raw information about TCP sockets to FILE after applying filters. If FILE is - stdout is used.
-F FILE, --filter=FILE Read filter information from FILE. Each line of FILE is interpreted like single command line option. If FILE is - stdin is used.
FILTER := [ state STATE-FILTER ] [ EXPRESSION ] Please take a look at the official documentation (Debian package iproute-doc) for details regarding filters.
Available identifiers are: All standard TCP states: established ", " syn-sent ", " syn-recv ", " fin-wait-1 ", " fin-wait-2 ", " time-wait ", " closed ", " close-wait ", " last-ack ", " listen " and " closing. all - for all the states connected - all the states except for listen " and " closed synchronized - all the connected states except for syn-sent bucket - states, which are maintained as minisockets, i.e. time-wait " and " syn-recv big - opposite to bucket
ss -t -a Display all TCP sockets.
ss -t -a -Z Display all TCP sockets with process SELinux security contexts.
ss -u -a Display all UDP sockets.
ss -o state established '( dport = :ssh or sport = :ssh )' Display all established ssh connections.
ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/* Find all local processes connected to X server.
ss -o state fin-wait-1 '( sport = :http or sport = :https )' dst 193.233.7/24 List all the tcp sockets in state FIN-WAIT-1 for our apache to network 193.233.7/24 and look at their timers.
This manual page was written by Michael Prokop <mika (at] grml.org> for the Debian project (but may be used by others).
