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      1 /*
      2 ** 2001 September 15
      3 **
      4 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
      5 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
      6 **
      7 **    May you do good and not evil.
      8 **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
      9 **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
     10 **
     11 *************************************************************************
     12 ** This header file defines the interface that the SQLite library
     13 ** presents to client programs.  If a C-function, structure, datatype,
     14 ** or constant definition does not appear in this file, then it is
     15 ** not a published API of SQLite, is subject to change without
     16 ** notice, and should not be referenced by programs that use SQLite.
     17 **
     18 ** Some of the definitions that are in this file are marked as
     19 ** "experimental".  Experimental interfaces are normally new
     20 ** features recently added to SQLite.  We do not anticipate changes
     21 ** to experimental interfaces but reserve the right to make minor changes
     22 ** if experience from use "in the wild" suggest such changes are prudent.
     23 **
     24 ** The official C-language API documentation for SQLite is derived
     25 ** from comments in this file.  This file is the authoritative source
     26 ** on how SQLite interfaces are supposed to operate.
     27 **
     28 ** The name of this file under configuration management is "sqlite.h.in".
     29 ** The makefile makes some minor changes to this file (such as inserting
     30 ** the version number) and changes its name to "sqlite3.h" as
     31 ** part of the build process.
     32 */
     33 #ifndef _SQLITE3_H_
     34 #define _SQLITE3_H_
     35 #include <stdarg.h>     /* Needed for the definition of va_list */
     36 
     37 /*
     38 ** Make sure we can call this stuff from C++.
     39 */
     40 #ifdef __cplusplus
     41 extern "C" {
     42 #endif
     43 
     44 
     45 /*
     46 ** Provide the ability to override linkage features of the interface.
     47 */
     48 #ifndef SQLITE_EXTERN
     49 # define SQLITE_EXTERN extern
     50 #endif
     51 #ifndef SQLITE_API
     52 # define SQLITE_API
     53 #endif
     54 #ifndef SQLITE_CDECL
     55 # define SQLITE_CDECL
     56 #endif
     57 #ifndef SQLITE_STDCALL
     58 # define SQLITE_STDCALL
     59 #endif
     60 
     61 /*
     62 ** These no-op macros are used in front of interfaces to mark those
     63 ** interfaces as either deprecated or experimental.  New applications
     64 ** should not use deprecated interfaces - they are supported for backwards
     65 ** compatibility only.  Application writers should be aware that
     66 ** experimental interfaces are subject to change in point releases.
     67 **
     68 ** These macros used to resolve to various kinds of compiler magic that
     69 ** would generate warning messages when they were used.  But that
     70 ** compiler magic ended up generating such a flurry of bug reports
     71 ** that we have taken it all out and gone back to using simple
     72 ** noop macros.
     73 */
     74 #define SQLITE_DEPRECATED
     75 #define SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL
     76 
     77 /*
     78 ** Ensure these symbols were not defined by some previous header file.
     79 */
     80 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION
     81 # undef SQLITE_VERSION
     82 #endif
     83 #ifdef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
     84 # undef SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER
     85 #endif
     86 
     87 /*
     88 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Library Version Numbers
     89 **
     90 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION] C preprocessor macro in the sqlite3.h header
     91 ** evaluates to a string literal that is the SQLite version in the
     92 ** format "X.Y.Z" where X is the major version number (always 3 for
     93 ** SQLite3) and Y is the minor version number and Z is the release number.)^
     94 ** ^(The [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER] C preprocessor macro resolves to an integer
     95 ** with the value (X*1000000 + Y*1000 + Z) where X, Y, and Z are the same
     96 ** numbers used in [SQLITE_VERSION].)^
     97 ** The SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER for any given release of SQLite will also
     98 ** be larger than the release from which it is derived.  Either Y will
     99 ** be held constant and Z will be incremented or else Y will be incremented
    100 ** and Z will be reset to zero.
    101 **
    102 ** Since version 3.6.18, SQLite source code has been stored in the
    103 ** <a href="http://www.fossil-scm.org/">Fossil configuration management
    104 ** system</a>.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID macro evaluates to
    105 ** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
    106 ** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
    107 ** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and an SHA1
    108 ** hash of the entire source tree.
    109 **
    110 ** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
    111 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
    112 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
    113 */
    114 #define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.9.2"
    115 #define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3009002
    116 #define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2015-11-02 18:31:45 bda77dda9697c463c3d0704014d51627fceee328"
    117 
    118 /*
    119 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
    120 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_version, sqlite3_sourceid
    121 **
    122 ** These interfaces provide the same information as the [SQLITE_VERSION],
    123 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER], and [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macros
    124 ** but are associated with the library instead of the header file.  ^(Cautious
    125 ** programmers might include assert() statements in their application to
    126 ** verify that values returned by these interfaces match the macros in
    127 ** the header, and thus ensure that the application is
    128 ** compiled with matching library and header files.
    129 **
    130 ** <blockquote><pre>
    131 ** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
    132 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
    133 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
    134 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
    135 **
    136 ** ^The sqlite3_version[] string constant contains the text of [SQLITE_VERSION]
    137 ** macro.  ^The sqlite3_libversion() function returns a pointer to the
    138 ** to the sqlite3_version[] string constant.  The sqlite3_libversion()
    139 ** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
    140 ** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
    141 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
    142 ** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns
    143 ** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
    144 ** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
    145 **
    146 ** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
    147 */
    148 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN const char sqlite3_version[];
    149 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_libversion(void);
    150 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_sourceid(void);
    151 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_libversion_number(void);
    152 
    153 /*
    154 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Compilation Options Diagnostics
    155 **
    156 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_used() function returns 0 or 1
    157 ** indicating whether the specified option was defined at
    158 ** compile time.  ^The SQLITE_ prefix may be omitted from the
    159 ** option name passed to sqlite3_compileoption_used().
    160 **
    161 ** ^The sqlite3_compileoption_get() function allows iterating
    162 ** over the list of options that were defined at compile time by
    163 ** returning the N-th compile time option string.  ^If N is out of range,
    164 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get() returns a NULL pointer.  ^The SQLITE_
    165 ** prefix is omitted from any strings returned by
    166 ** sqlite3_compileoption_get().
    167 **
    168 ** ^Support for the diagnostic functions sqlite3_compileoption_used()
    169 ** and sqlite3_compileoption_get() may be omitted by specifying the
    170 ** [SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS] option at compile time.
    171 **
    172 ** See also: SQL functions [sqlite_compileoption_used()] and
    173 ** [sqlite_compileoption_get()] and the [compile_options pragma].
    174 */
    175 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
    176 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName);
    177 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N);
    178 #endif
    179 
    180 /*
    181 ** CAPI3REF: Test To See If The Library Is Threadsafe
    182 **
    183 ** ^The sqlite3_threadsafe() function returns zero if and only if
    184 ** SQLite was compiled with mutexing code omitted due to the
    185 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] compile-time option being set to 0.
    186 **
    187 ** SQLite can be compiled with or without mutexes.  When
    188 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] C preprocessor macro is 1 or 2, mutexes
    189 ** are enabled and SQLite is threadsafe.  When the
    190 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro is 0,
    191 ** the mutexes are omitted.  Without the mutexes, it is not safe
    192 ** to use SQLite concurrently from more than one thread.
    193 **
    194 ** Enabling mutexes incurs a measurable performance penalty.
    195 ** So if speed is of utmost importance, it makes sense to disable
    196 ** the mutexes.  But for maximum safety, mutexes should be enabled.
    197 ** ^The default behavior is for mutexes to be enabled.
    198 **
    199 ** This interface can be used by an application to make sure that the
    200 ** version of SQLite that it is linking against was compiled with
    201 ** the desired setting of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] macro.
    202 **
    203 ** This interface only reports on the compile-time mutex setting
    204 ** of the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE] flag.  If SQLite is compiled with
    205 ** SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 or =2 then mutexes are enabled by default but
    206 ** can be fully or partially disabled using a call to [sqlite3_config()]
    207 ** with the verbs [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD], [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD],
    208 ** or [SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED].  ^(The return value of the
    209 ** sqlite3_threadsafe() function shows only the compile-time setting of
    210 ** thread safety, not any run-time changes to that setting made by
    211 ** sqlite3_config(). In other words, the return value from sqlite3_threadsafe()
    212 ** is unchanged by calls to sqlite3_config().)^
    213 **
    214 ** See the [threading mode] documentation for additional information.
    215 */
    216 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_threadsafe(void);
    217 
    218 /*
    219 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Handle
    220 ** KEYWORDS: {database connection} {database connections}
    221 **
    222 ** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
    223 ** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
    224 ** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
    225 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
    226 ** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
    227 ** interfaces (such as
    228 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
    229 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
    230 ** sqlite3 object.
    231 */
    232 typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;
    233 
    234 /*
    235 ** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types
    236 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite_int64 sqlite_uint64
    237 **
    238 ** Because there is no cross-platform way to specify 64-bit integer types
    239 ** SQLite includes typedefs for 64-bit signed and unsigned integers.
    240 **
    241 ** The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite3_uint64 are the preferred type definitions.
    242 ** The sqlite_int64 and sqlite_uint64 types are supported for backwards
    243 ** compatibility only.
    244 **
    245 ** ^The sqlite3_int64 and sqlite_int64 types can store integer values
    246 ** between -9223372036854775808 and +9223372036854775807 inclusive.  ^The
    247 ** sqlite3_uint64 and sqlite_uint64 types can store integer values
    248 ** between 0 and +18446744073709551615 inclusive.
    249 */
    250 #ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
    251   typedef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_int64;
    252   typedef unsigned SQLITE_INT64_TYPE sqlite_uint64;
    253 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
    254   typedef __int64 sqlite_int64;
    255   typedef unsigned __int64 sqlite_uint64;
    256 #else
    257   typedef long long int sqlite_int64;
    258   typedef unsigned long long int sqlite_uint64;
    259 #endif
    260 typedef sqlite_int64 sqlite3_int64;
    261 typedef sqlite_uint64 sqlite3_uint64;
    262 
    263 /*
    264 ** If compiling for a processor that lacks floating point support,
    265 ** substitute integer for floating-point.
    266 */
    267 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
    268 # define double sqlite3_int64
    269 #endif
    270 
    271 /*
    272 ** CAPI3REF: Closing A Database Connection
    273 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3
    274 **
    275 ** ^The sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() routines are destructors
    276 ** for the [sqlite3] object.
    277 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_close() and sqlite3_close_v2() return [SQLITE_OK] if
    278 ** the [sqlite3] object is successfully destroyed and all associated
    279 ** resources are deallocated.
    280 **
    281 ** ^If the database connection is associated with unfinalized prepared
    282 ** statements or unfinished sqlite3_backup objects then sqlite3_close()
    283 ** will leave the database connection open and return [SQLITE_BUSY].
    284 ** ^If sqlite3_close_v2() is called with unfinalized prepared statements
    285 ** and/or unfinished sqlite3_backups, then the database connection becomes
    286 ** an unusable "zombie" which will automatically be deallocated when the
    287 ** last prepared statement is finalized or the last sqlite3_backup is
    288 ** finished.  The sqlite3_close_v2() interface is intended for use with
    289 ** host languages that are garbage collected, and where the order in which
    290 ** destructors are called is arbitrary.
    291 **
    292 ** Applications should [sqlite3_finalize | finalize] all [prepared statements],
    293 ** [sqlite3_blob_close | close] all [BLOB handles], and
    294 ** [sqlite3_backup_finish | finish] all [sqlite3_backup] objects associated
    295 ** with the [sqlite3] object prior to attempting to close the object.  ^If
    296 ** sqlite3_close_v2() is called on a [database connection] that still has
    297 ** outstanding [prepared statements], [BLOB handles], and/or
    298 ** [sqlite3_backup] objects then it returns [SQLITE_OK] and the deallocation
    299 ** of resources is deferred until all [prepared statements], [BLOB handles],
    300 ** and [sqlite3_backup] objects are also destroyed.
    301 **
    302 ** ^If an [sqlite3] object is destroyed while a transaction is open,
    303 ** the transaction is automatically rolled back.
    304 **
    305 ** The C parameter to [sqlite3_close(C)] and [sqlite3_close_v2(C)]
    306 ** must be either a NULL
    307 ** pointer or an [sqlite3] object pointer obtained
    308 ** from [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], or
    309 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()], and not previously closed.
    310 ** ^Calling sqlite3_close() or sqlite3_close_v2() with a NULL pointer
    311 ** argument is a harmless no-op.
    312 */
    313 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_close(sqlite3*);
    314 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_close_v2(sqlite3*);
    315 
    316 /*
    317 ** The type for a callback function.
    318 ** This is legacy and deprecated.  It is included for historical
    319 ** compatibility and is not documented.
    320 */
    321 typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);
    322 
    323 /*
    324 ** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
    325 ** METHOD: sqlite3
    326 **
    327 ** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
    328 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
    329 ** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
    330 ** without having to use a lot of C code.
    331 **
    332 ** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
    333 ** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
    334 ** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
    335 ** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to
    336 ** sqlite3_exec() is not NULL, then it is invoked for each result row
    337 ** coming out of the evaluated SQL statements.  ^The 4th argument to
    338 ** sqlite3_exec() is relayed through to the 1st argument of each
    339 ** callback invocation.  ^If the callback pointer to sqlite3_exec()
    340 ** is NULL, then no callback is ever invoked and result rows are
    341 ** ignored.
    342 **
    343 ** ^If an error occurs while evaluating the SQL statements passed into
    344 ** sqlite3_exec(), then execution of the current statement stops and
    345 ** subsequent statements are skipped.  ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec()
    346 ** is not NULL then any error message is written into memory obtained
    347 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] and passed back through the 5th parameter.
    348 ** To avoid memory leaks, the application should invoke [sqlite3_free()]
    349 ** on error message strings returned through the 5th parameter of
    350 ** of sqlite3_exec() after the error message string is no longer needed.
    351 ** ^If the 5th parameter to sqlite3_exec() is not NULL and no errors
    352 ** occur, then sqlite3_exec() sets the pointer in its 5th parameter to
    353 ** NULL before returning.
    354 **
    355 ** ^If an sqlite3_exec() callback returns non-zero, the sqlite3_exec()
    356 ** routine returns SQLITE_ABORT without invoking the callback again and
    357 ** without running any subsequent SQL statements.
    358 **
    359 ** ^The 2nd argument to the sqlite3_exec() callback function is the
    360 ** number of columns in the result.  ^The 3rd argument to the sqlite3_exec()
    361 ** callback is an array of pointers to strings obtained as if from
    362 ** [sqlite3_column_text()], one for each column.  ^If an element of a
    363 ** result row is NULL then the corresponding string pointer for the
    364 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is a NULL pointer.  ^The 4th argument to the
    365 ** sqlite3_exec() callback is an array of pointers to strings where each
    366 ** entry represents the name of corresponding result column as obtained
    367 ** from [sqlite3_column_name()].
    368 **
    369 ** ^If the 2nd parameter to sqlite3_exec() is a NULL pointer, a pointer
    370 ** to an empty string, or a pointer that contains only whitespace and/or
    371 ** SQL comments, then no SQL statements are evaluated and the database
    372 ** is not changed.
    373 **
    374 ** Restrictions:
    375 **
    376 ** <ul>
    377 ** <li> The application must ensure that the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec()
    378 **      is a valid and open [database connection].
    379 ** <li> The application must not close the [database connection] specified by
    380 **      the 1st parameter to sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
    381 ** <li> The application must not modify the SQL statement text passed into
    382 **      the 2nd parameter of sqlite3_exec() while sqlite3_exec() is running.
    383 ** </ul>
    384 */
    385 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_exec(
    386   sqlite3*,                                  /* An open database */
    387   const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
    388   int (*callback)(void*,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
    389   void *,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
    390   char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
    391 );
    392 
    393 /*
    394 ** CAPI3REF: Result Codes
    395 ** KEYWORDS: {result code definitions}
    396 **
    397 ** Many SQLite functions return an integer result code from the set shown
    398 ** here in order to indicate success or failure.
    399 **
    400 ** New error codes may be added in future versions of SQLite.
    401 **
    402 ** See also: [extended result code definitions]
    403 */
    404 #define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
    405 /* beginning-of-error-codes */
    406 #define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
    407 #define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
    408 #define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
    409 #define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
    410 #define SQLITE_BUSY         5   /* The database file is locked */
    411 #define SQLITE_LOCKED       6   /* A table in the database is locked */
    412 #define SQLITE_NOMEM        7   /* A malloc() failed */
    413 #define SQLITE_READONLY     8   /* Attempt to write a readonly database */
    414 #define SQLITE_INTERRUPT    9   /* Operation terminated by sqlite3_interrupt()*/
    415 #define SQLITE_IOERR       10   /* Some kind of disk I/O error occurred */
    416 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT     11   /* The database disk image is malformed */
    417 #define SQLITE_NOTFOUND    12   /* Unknown opcode in sqlite3_file_control() */
    418 #define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
    419 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
    420 #define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
    421 #define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
    422 #define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
    423 #define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
    424 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
    425 #define SQLITE_MISMATCH    20   /* Data type mismatch */
    426 #define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
    427 #define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
    428 #define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
    429 #define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
    430 #define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
    431 #define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
    432 #define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
    433 #define SQLITE_WARNING     28   /* Warnings from sqlite3_log() */
    434 #define SQLITE_ROW         100  /* sqlite3_step() has another row ready */
    435 #define SQLITE_DONE        101  /* sqlite3_step() has finished executing */
    436 /* end-of-error-codes */
    437 
    438 /*
    439 ** CAPI3REF: Extended Result Codes
    440 ** KEYWORDS: {extended result code definitions}
    441 **
    442 ** In its default configuration, SQLite API routines return one of 30 integer
    443 ** [result codes].  However, experience has shown that many of
    444 ** these result codes are too coarse-grained.  They do not provide as
    445 ** much information about problems as programmers might like.  In an effort to
    446 ** address this, newer versions of SQLite (version 3.3.8 and later) include
    447 ** support for additional result codes that provide more detailed information
    448 ** about errors. These [extended result codes] are enabled or disabled
    449 ** on a per database connection basis using the
    450 ** [sqlite3_extended_result_codes()] API.  Or, the extended code for
    451 ** the most recent error can be obtained using
    452 ** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
    453 */
    454 #define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
    455 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
    456 #define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
    457 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSYNC             (SQLITE_IOERR | (4<<8))
    458 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_FSYNC         (SQLITE_IOERR | (5<<8))
    459 #define SQLITE_IOERR_TRUNCATE          (SQLITE_IOERR | (6<<8))
    460 #define SQLITE_IOERR_FSTAT             (SQLITE_IOERR | (7<<8))
    461 #define SQLITE_IOERR_UNLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (8<<8))
    462 #define SQLITE_IOERR_RDLOCK            (SQLITE_IOERR | (9<<8))
    463 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE            (SQLITE_IOERR | (10<<8))
    464 #define SQLITE_IOERR_BLOCKED           (SQLITE_IOERR | (11<<8))
    465 #define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM             (SQLITE_IOERR | (12<<8))
    466 #define SQLITE_IOERR_ACCESS            (SQLITE_IOERR | (13<<8))
    467 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CHECKRESERVEDLOCK (SQLITE_IOERR | (14<<8))
    468 #define SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (15<<8))
    469 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CLOSE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (16<<8))
    470 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DIR_CLOSE         (SQLITE_IOERR | (17<<8))
    471 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN           (SQLITE_IOERR | (18<<8))
    472 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMSIZE           (SQLITE_IOERR | (19<<8))
    473 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
    474 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
    475 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
    476 #define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
    477 #define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
    478 #define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
    479 #define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
    480 #define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
    481 #define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
    482 #define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
    483 #define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
    484 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
    485 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
    486 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
    487 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))
    488 #define SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB            (SQLITE_CORRUPT | (1<<8))
    489 #define SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY       (SQLITE_READONLY | (1<<8))
    490 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
    491 #define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
    492 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
    493 #define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
    494 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
    495 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
    496 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FOREIGNKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (3<<8))
    497 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_FUNCTION     (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (4<<8))
    498 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (5<<8))
    499 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_PRIMARYKEY   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (6<<8))
    500 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_TRIGGER      (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (7<<8))
    501 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_UNIQUE       (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (8<<8))
    502 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_VTAB         (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (9<<8))
    503 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_ROWID        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT |(10<<8))
    504 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_WAL      (SQLITE_NOTICE | (1<<8))
    505 #define SQLITE_NOTICE_RECOVER_ROLLBACK (SQLITE_NOTICE | (2<<8))
    506 #define SQLITE_WARNING_AUTOINDEX       (SQLITE_WARNING | (1<<8))
    507 #define SQLITE_AUTH_USER               (SQLITE_AUTH | (1<<8))
    508 
    509 /*
    510 ** CAPI3REF: Flags For File Open Operations
    511 **
    512 ** These bit values are intended for use in the
    513 ** 3rd parameter to the [sqlite3_open_v2()] interface and
    514 ** in the 4th parameter to the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method.
    515 */
    516 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY         0x00000001  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
    517 #define SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE        0x00000002  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
    518 #define SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE           0x00000004  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
    519 #define SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE    0x00000008  /* VFS only */
    520 #define SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE        0x00000010  /* VFS only */
    521 #define SQLITE_OPEN_AUTOPROXY        0x00000020  /* VFS only */
    522 #define SQLITE_OPEN_URI              0x00000040  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
    523 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MEMORY           0x00000080  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
    524 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB          0x00000100  /* VFS only */
    525 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB          0x00000200  /* VFS only */
    526 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB     0x00000400  /* VFS only */
    527 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL     0x00000800  /* VFS only */
    528 #define SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL     0x00001000  /* VFS only */
    529 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL       0x00002000  /* VFS only */
    530 #define SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL   0x00004000  /* VFS only */
    531 #define SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX          0x00008000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
    532 #define SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX        0x00010000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
    533 #define SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE      0x00020000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
    534 #define SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE     0x00040000  /* Ok for sqlite3_open_v2() */
    535 #define SQLITE_OPEN_WAL              0x00080000  /* VFS only */
    536 
    537 /* Reserved:                         0x00F00000 */
    538 
    539 /*
    540 ** CAPI3REF: Device Characteristics
    541 **
    542 ** The xDeviceCharacteristics method of the [sqlite3_io_methods]
    543 ** object returns an integer which is a vector of these
    544 ** bit values expressing I/O characteristics of the mass storage
    545 ** device that holds the file that the [sqlite3_io_methods]
    546 ** refers to.
    547 **
    548 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
    549 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
    550 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
    551 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
    552 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
    553 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
    554 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
    555 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
    556 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
    557 ** to xWrite().  The SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE property means that
    558 ** after reboot following a crash or power loss, the only bytes in a
    559 ** file that were written at the application level might have changed
    560 ** and that adjacent bytes, even bytes within the same sector are
    561 ** guaranteed to be unchanged.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN
    562 ** flag indicate that a file cannot be deleted when open.  The
    563 ** SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE flag indicates that the file is on
    564 ** read-only media and cannot be changed even by processes with
    565 ** elevated privileges.
    566 */
    567 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC                 0x00000001
    568 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512              0x00000002
    569 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K               0x00000004
    570 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K               0x00000008
    571 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K               0x00000010
    572 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K               0x00000020
    573 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K              0x00000040
    574 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K              0x00000080
    575 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K              0x00000100
    576 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND            0x00000200
    577 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL             0x00000400
    578 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_UNDELETABLE_WHEN_OPEN  0x00000800
    579 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    0x00001000
    580 #define SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE              0x00002000
    581 
    582 /*
    583 ** CAPI3REF: File Locking Levels
    584 **
    585 ** SQLite uses one of these integer values as the second
    586 ** argument to calls it makes to the xLock() and xUnlock() methods
    587 ** of an [sqlite3_io_methods] object.
    588 */
    589 #define SQLITE_LOCK_NONE          0
    590 #define SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED        1
    591 #define SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED      2
    592 #define SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING       3
    593 #define SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE     4
    594 
    595 /*
    596 ** CAPI3REF: Synchronization Type Flags
    597 **
    598 ** When SQLite invokes the xSync() method of an
    599 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object it uses a combination of
    600 ** these integer values as the second argument.
    601 **
    602 ** When the SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY flag is used, it means that the
    603 ** sync operation only needs to flush data to mass storage.  Inode
    604 ** information need not be flushed. If the lower four bits of the flag
    605 ** equal SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL, that means to use normal fsync() semantics.
    606 ** If the lower four bits equal SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, that means
    607 ** to use Mac OS X style fullsync instead of fsync().
    608 **
    609 ** Do not confuse the SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags
    610 ** with the [PRAGMA synchronous]=NORMAL and [PRAGMA synchronous]=FULL
    611 ** settings.  The [synchronous pragma] determines when calls to the
    612 ** xSync VFS method occur and applies uniformly across all platforms.
    613 ** The SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL flags determine how
    614 ** energetic or rigorous or forceful the sync operations are and
    615 ** only make a difference on Mac OSX for the default SQLite code.
    616 ** (Third-party VFS implementations might also make the distinction
    617 ** between SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL and SQLITE_SYNC_FULL, but among the
    618 ** operating systems natively supported by SQLite, only Mac OSX
    619 ** cares about the difference.)
    620 */
    621 #define SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL        0x00002
    622 #define SQLITE_SYNC_FULL          0x00003
    623 #define SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY      0x00010
    624 
    625 /*
    626 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Open File Handle
    627 **
    628 ** An [sqlite3_file] object represents an open file in the
    629 ** [sqlite3_vfs | OS interface layer].  Individual OS interface
    630 ** implementations will
    631 ** want to subclass this object by appending additional fields
    632 ** for their own use.  The pMethods entry is a pointer to an
    633 ** [sqlite3_io_methods] object that defines methods for performing
    634 ** I/O operations on the open file.
    635 */
    636 typedef struct sqlite3_file sqlite3_file;
    637 struct sqlite3_file {
    638   const struct sqlite3_io_methods *pMethods;  /* Methods for an open file */
    639 };
    640 
    641 /*
    642 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface File Virtual Methods Object
    643 **
    644 ** Every file opened by the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method populates an
    645 ** [sqlite3_file] object (or, more commonly, a subclass of the
    646 ** [sqlite3_file] object) with a pointer to an instance of this object.
    647 ** This object defines the methods used to perform various operations
    648 ** against the open file represented by the [sqlite3_file] object.
    649 **
    650 ** If the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] method sets the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
    651 ** to a non-NULL pointer, then the sqlite3_io_methods.xClose method
    652 ** may be invoked even if the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] reported that it failed.  The
    653 ** only way to prevent a call to xClose following a failed [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]
    654 ** is for the [sqlite3_vfs.xOpen] to set the sqlite3_file.pMethods element
    655 ** to NULL.
    656 **
    657 ** The flags argument to xSync may be one of [SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL] or
    658 ** [SQLITE_SYNC_FULL].  The first choice is the normal fsync().
    659 ** The second choice is a Mac OS X style fullsync.  The [SQLITE_SYNC_DATAONLY]
    660 ** flag may be ORed in to indicate that only the data of the file
    661 ** and not its inode needs to be synced.
    662 **
    663 ** The integer values to xLock() and xUnlock() are one of
    664 ** <ul>
    665 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE],
    666 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
    667 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED],
    668 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or
    669 ** <li> [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE].
    670 ** </ul>
    671 ** xLock() increases the lock. xUnlock() decreases the lock.
    672 ** The xCheckReservedLock() method checks whether any database connection,
    673 ** either in this process or in some other process, is holding a RESERVED,
    674 ** PENDING, or EXCLUSIVE lock on the file.  It returns true
    675 ** if such a lock exists and false otherwise.
    676 **
    677 ** The xFileControl() method is a generic interface that allows custom
    678 ** VFS implementations to directly control an open file using the
    679 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] interface.  The second "op" argument is an
    680 ** integer opcode.  The third argument is a generic pointer intended to
    681 ** point to a structure that may contain arguments or space in which to
    682 ** write return values.  Potential uses for xFileControl() might be
    683 ** functions to enable blocking locks with timeouts, to change the
    684 ** locking strategy (for example to use dot-file locks), to inquire
    685 ** about the status of a lock, or to break stale locks.  The SQLite
    686 ** core reserves all opcodes less than 100 for its own use.
    687 ** A [file control opcodes | list of opcodes] less than 100 is available.
    688 ** Applications that define a custom xFileControl method should use opcodes
    689 ** greater than 100 to avoid conflicts.  VFS implementations should
    690 ** return [SQLITE_NOTFOUND] for file control opcodes that they do not
    691 ** recognize.
    692 **
    693 ** The xSectorSize() method returns the sector size of the
    694 ** device that underlies the file.  The sector size is the
    695 ** minimum write that can be performed without disturbing
    696 ** other bytes in the file.  The xDeviceCharacteristics()
    697 ** method returns a bit vector describing behaviors of the
    698 ** underlying device:
    699 **
    700 ** <ul>
    701 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC]
    702 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC512]
    703 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC1K]
    704 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC2K]
    705 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC4K]
    706 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC8K]
    707 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC16K]
    708 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC32K]
    709 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC64K]
    710 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND]
    711 ** <li> [SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL]
    712 ** </ul>
    713 **
    714 ** The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMIC property means that all writes of
    715 ** any size are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_ATOMICnnn values
    716 ** mean that writes of blocks that are nnn bytes in size and
    717 ** are aligned to an address which is an integer multiple of
    718 ** nnn are atomic.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SAFE_APPEND value means
    719 ** that when data is appended to a file, the data is appended
    720 ** first then the size of the file is extended, never the other
    721 ** way around.  The SQLITE_IOCAP_SEQUENTIAL property means that
    722 ** information is written to disk in the same order as calls
    723 ** to xWrite().
    724 **
    725 ** If xRead() returns SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ it must also fill
    726 ** in the unread portions of the buffer with zeros.  A VFS that
    727 ** fails to zero-fill short reads might seem to work.  However,
    728 ** failure to zero-fill short reads will eventually lead to
    729 ** database corruption.
    730 */
    731 typedef struct sqlite3_io_methods sqlite3_io_methods;
    732 struct sqlite3_io_methods {
    733   int iVersion;
    734   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_file*);
    735   int (*xRead)(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
    736   int (*xWrite)(sqlite3_file*, const void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
    737   int (*xTruncate)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
    738   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
    739   int (*xFileSize)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
    740   int (*xLock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
    741   int (*xUnlock)(sqlite3_file*, int);
    742   int (*xCheckReservedLock)(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
    743   int (*xFileControl)(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
    744   int (*xSectorSize)(sqlite3_file*);
    745   int (*xDeviceCharacteristics)(sqlite3_file*);
    746   /* Methods above are valid for version 1 */
    747   int (*xShmMap)(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
    748   int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
    749   void (*xShmBarrier)(sqlite3_file*);
    750   int (*xShmUnmap)(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
    751   /* Methods above are valid for version 2 */
    752   int (*xFetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
    753   int (*xUnfetch)(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
    754   /* Methods above are valid for version 3 */
    755   /* Additional methods may be added in future releases */
    756 };
    757 
    758 /*
    759 ** CAPI3REF: Standard File Control Opcodes
    760 ** KEYWORDS: {file control opcodes} {file control opcode}
    761 **
    762 ** These integer constants are opcodes for the xFileControl method
    763 ** of the [sqlite3_io_methods] object and for the [sqlite3_file_control()]
    764 ** interface.
    765 **
    766 ** <ul>
    767 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]]
    768 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
    769 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to write the current state of
    770 ** the lock (one of [SQLITE_LOCK_NONE], [SQLITE_LOCK_SHARED],
    771 ** [SQLITE_LOCK_RESERVED], [SQLITE_LOCK_PENDING], or [SQLITE_LOCK_EXCLUSIVE])
    772 ** into an integer that the pArg argument points to. This capability
    773 ** is used during testing and is only available when the SQLITE_TEST
    774 ** compile-time option is used.
    775 **
    776 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT]]
    777 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT] opcode is used by SQLite to give the VFS
    778 ** layer a hint of how large the database file will grow to be during the
    779 ** current transaction.  This hint is not guaranteed to be accurate but it
    780 ** is often close.  The underlying VFS might choose to preallocate database
    781 ** file space based on this hint in order to help writes to the database
    782 ** file run faster.
    783 **
    784 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE]]
    785 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE] opcode is used to request that the VFS
    786 ** extends and truncates the database file in chunks of a size specified
    787 ** by the user. The fourth argument to [sqlite3_file_control()] should
    788 ** point to an integer (type int) containing the new chunk-size to use
    789 ** for the nominated database. Allocating database file space in large
    790 ** chunks (say 1MB at a time), may reduce file-system fragmentation and
    791 ** improve performance on some systems.
    792 **
    793 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]]
    794 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] opcode is used to obtain a pointer
    795 ** to the [sqlite3_file] object associated with a particular database
    796 ** connection.  See the [sqlite3_file_control()] documentation for
    797 ** additional information.
    798 **
    799 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED]]
    800 ** No longer in use.
    801 **
    802 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC]]
    803 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC] opcode is generated internally by SQLite and
    804 ** sent to the VFS immediately before the xSync method is invoked on a
    805 ** database file descriptor. Or, if the xSync method is not invoked
    806 ** because the user has configured SQLite with
    807 ** [PRAGMA synchronous | PRAGMA synchronous=OFF] it is invoked in place
    808 ** of the xSync method. In most cases, the pointer argument passed with
    809 ** this file-control is NULL. However, if the database file is being synced
    810 ** as part of a multi-database commit, the argument points to a nul-terminated
    811 ** string containing the transactions master-journal file name. VFSes that
    812 ** do not need this signal should silently ignore this opcode. Applications
    813 ** should not call [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may
    814 ** disrupt the operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
    815 **
    816 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO]]
    817 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO] opcode is generated internally by SQLite
    818 ** and sent to the VFS after a transaction has been committed immediately
    819 ** but before the database is unlocked. VFSes that do not need this signal
    820 ** should silently ignore this opcode. Applications should not call
    821 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] with this opcode as doing so may disrupt the
    822 ** operation of the specialized VFSes that do require it.
    823 **
    824 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY]]
    825 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY] opcode is used to configure automatic
    826 ** retry counts and intervals for certain disk I/O operations for the
    827 ** windows [VFS] in order to provide robustness in the presence of
    828 ** anti-virus programs.  By default, the windows VFS will retry file read,
    829 ** file write, and file delete operations up to 10 times, with a delay
    830 ** of 25 milliseconds before the first retry and with the delay increasing
    831 ** by an additional 25 milliseconds with each subsequent retry.  This
    832 ** opcode allows these two values (10 retries and 25 milliseconds of delay)
    833 ** to be adjusted.  The values are changed for all database connections
    834 ** within the same process.  The argument is a pointer to an array of two
    835 ** integers where the first integer i the new retry count and the second
    836 ** integer is the delay.  If either integer is negative, then the setting
    837 ** is not changed but instead the prior value of that setting is written
    838 ** into the array entry, allowing the current retry settings to be
    839 ** interrogated.  The zDbName parameter is ignored.
    840 **
    841 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL]]
    842 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL] opcode is used to set or query the
    843 ** persistent [WAL | Write Ahead Log] setting.  By default, the auxiliary
    844 ** write ahead log and shared memory files used for transaction control
    845 ** are automatically deleted when the latest connection to the database
    846 ** closes.  Setting persistent WAL mode causes those files to persist after
    847 ** close.  Persisting the files is useful when other processes that do not
    848 ** have write permission on the directory containing the database file want
    849 ** to read the database file, as the WAL and shared memory files must exist
    850 ** in order for the database to be readable.  The fourth parameter to
    851 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
    852 ** That integer is 0 to disable persistent WAL mode or 1 to enable persistent
    853 ** WAL mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
    854 ** WAL persistence setting.
    855 **
    856 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE]]
    857 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] opcode is used to set or query the
    858 ** persistent "powersafe-overwrite" or "PSOW" setting.  The PSOW setting
    859 ** determines the [SQLITE_IOCAP_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE] bit of the
    860 ** xDeviceCharacteristics methods. The fourth parameter to
    861 ** [sqlite3_file_control()] for this opcode should be a pointer to an integer.
    862 ** That integer is 0 to disable zero-damage mode or 1 to enable zero-damage
    863 ** mode.  If the integer is -1, then it is overwritten with the current
    864 ** zero-damage mode setting.
    865 **
    866 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE]]
    867 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE] opcode is invoked by SQLite after opening
    868 ** a write transaction to indicate that, unless it is rolled back for some
    869 ** reason, the entire database file will be overwritten by the current
    870 ** transaction. This is used by VACUUM operations.
    871 **
    872 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME]]
    873 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME] opcode can be used to obtain the names of
    874 ** all [VFSes] in the VFS stack.  The names are of all VFS shims and the
    875 ** final bottom-level VFS are written into memory obtained from
    876 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] and the result is stored in the char* variable
    877 ** that the fourth parameter of [sqlite3_file_control()] points to.
    878 ** The caller is responsible for freeing the memory when done.  As with
    879 ** all file-control actions, there is no guarantee that this will actually
    880 ** do anything.  Callers should initialize the char* variable to a NULL
    881 ** pointer in case this file-control is not implemented.  This file-control
    882 ** is intended for diagnostic use only.
    883 **
    884 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]]
    885 ** ^Whenever a [PRAGMA] statement is parsed, an [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
    886 ** file control is sent to the open [sqlite3_file] object corresponding
    887 ** to the database file to which the pragma statement refers. ^The argument
    888 ** to the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control is an array of
    889 ** pointers to strings (char**) in which the second element of the array
    890 ** is the name of the pragma and the third element is the argument to the
    891 ** pragma or NULL if the pragma has no argument.  ^The handler for an
    892 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control can optionally make the first element
    893 ** of the char** argument point to a string obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()]
    894 ** or the equivalent and that string will become the result of the pragma or
    895 ** the error message if the pragma fails. ^If the
    896 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], then normal
    897 ** [PRAGMA] processing continues.  ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
    898 ** file control returns [SQLITE_OK], then the parser assumes that the
    899 ** VFS has handled the PRAGMA itself and the parser generates a no-op
    900 ** prepared statement if result string is NULL, or that returns a copy
    901 ** of the result string if the string is non-NULL.
    902 ** ^If the [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA] file control returns
    903 ** any result code other than [SQLITE_OK] or [SQLITE_NOTFOUND], that means
    904 ** that the VFS encountered an error while handling the [PRAGMA] and the
    905 ** compilation of the PRAGMA fails with an error.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA]
    906 ** file control occurs at the beginning of pragma statement analysis and so
    907 ** it is able to override built-in [PRAGMA] statements.
    908 **
    909 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]]
    910 ** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER]
    911 ** file-control may be invoked by SQLite on the database file handle
    912 ** shortly after it is opened in order to provide a custom VFS with access
    913 ** to the connections busy-handler callback. The argument is of type (void **)
    914 ** - an array of two (void *) values. The first (void *) actually points
    915 ** to a function of type (int (*)(void *)). In order to invoke the connections
    916 ** busy-handler, this function should be invoked with the second (void *) in
    917 ** the array as the only argument. If it returns non-zero, then the operation
    918 ** should be retried. If it returns zero, the custom VFS should abandon the
    919 ** current operation.
    920 **
    921 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME]]
    922 ** ^Application can invoke the [SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME] file-control
    923 ** to have SQLite generate a
    924 ** temporary filename using the same algorithm that is followed to generate
    925 ** temporary filenames for TEMP tables and other internal uses.  The
    926 ** argument should be a char** which will be filled with the filename
    927 ** written into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].  The caller should
    928 ** invoke [sqlite3_free()] on the result to avoid a memory leak.
    929 **
    930 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE]]
    931 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control is used to query or set the
    932 ** maximum number of bytes that will be used for memory-mapped I/O.
    933 ** The argument is a pointer to a value of type sqlite3_int64 that
    934 ** is an advisory maximum number of bytes in the file to memory map.  The
    935 ** pointer is overwritten with the old value.  The limit is not changed if
    936 ** the value originally pointed to is negative, and so the current limit
    937 ** can be queried by passing in a pointer to a negative number.  This
    938 ** file-control is used internally to implement [PRAGMA mmap_size].
    939 **
    940 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE]]
    941 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE] file control provides advisory information
    942 ** to the VFS about what the higher layers of the SQLite stack are doing.
    943 ** This file control is used by some VFS activity tracing [shims].
    944 ** The argument is a zero-terminated string.  Higher layers in the
    945 ** SQLite stack may generate instances of this file control if
    946 ** the [SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE] compile-time option is enabled.
    947 **
    948 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED]]
    949 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED] file control interprets its argument as a
    950 ** pointer to an integer and it writes a boolean into that integer depending
    951 ** on whether or not the file has been renamed, moved, or deleted since it
    952 ** was first opened.
    953 **
    954 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE]]
    955 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE] opcode is used for debugging.  This
    956 ** opcode causes the xFileControl method to swap the file handle with the one
    957 ** pointed to by the pArg argument.  This capability is used during testing
    958 ** and only needs to be supported when SQLITE_TEST is defined.
    959 **
    960 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK]]
    961 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK] is a signal to the VFS layer that it might
    962 ** be advantageous to block on the next WAL lock if the lock is not immediately
    963 ** available.  The WAL subsystem issues this signal during rare
    964 ** circumstances in order to fix a problem with priority inversion.
    965 ** Applications should <em>not</em> use this file-control.
    966 **
    967 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS]]
    968 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS] opcode is implemented by zipvfs only. All other
    969 ** VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for this opcode.
    970 **
    971 ** <li>[[SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU]]
    972 ** The [SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU] opcode is implemented by the special VFS used by
    973 ** the RBU extension only.  All other VFS should return SQLITE_NOTFOUND for
    974 ** this opcode.
    975 ** </ul>
    976 */
    977 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE               1
    978 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE       2
    979 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE       3
    980 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO              4
    981 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SIZE_HINT               5
    982 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE              6
    983 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER            7
    984 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC_OMITTED            8
    985 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_AV_RETRY          9
    986 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PERSIST_WAL            10
    987 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_OVERWRITE              11
    988 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME                12
    989 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE    13
    990 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_PRAGMA                 14
    991 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_BUSYHANDLER            15
    992 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME           16
    993 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE              18
    994 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_TRACE                  19
    995 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_HAS_MOVED              20
    996 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_SYNC                   21
    997 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO        22
    998 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WIN32_SET_HANDLE       23
    999 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_WAL_BLOCK              24
   1000 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_ZIPVFS                 25
   1001 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_RBU                    26
   1002 
   1003 /* deprecated names */
   1004 #define SQLITE_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_GET_LOCKPROXYFILE
   1005 #define SQLITE_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE      SQLITE_FCNTL_SET_LOCKPROXYFILE
   1006 #define SQLITE_LAST_ERRNO             SQLITE_FCNTL_LAST_ERRNO
   1007 
   1008 
   1009 /*
   1010 ** CAPI3REF: Mutex Handle
   1011 **
   1012 ** The mutex module within SQLite defines [sqlite3_mutex] to be an
   1013 ** abstract type for a mutex object.  The SQLite core never looks
   1014 ** at the internal representation of an [sqlite3_mutex].  It only
   1015 ** deals with pointers to the [sqlite3_mutex] object.
   1016 **
   1017 ** Mutexes are created using [sqlite3_mutex_alloc()].
   1018 */
   1019 typedef struct sqlite3_mutex sqlite3_mutex;
   1020 
   1021 /*
   1022 ** CAPI3REF: OS Interface Object
   1023 **
   1024 ** An instance of the sqlite3_vfs object defines the interface between
   1025 ** the SQLite core and the underlying operating system.  The "vfs"
   1026 ** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
   1027 ** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
   1028 **
   1029 ** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
   1030 ** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
   1031 ** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
   1032 ** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
   1033 ** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
   1034 ** modified.
   1035 **
   1036 ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
   1037 ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
   1038 ** a pathname in this VFS.
   1039 **
   1040 ** Registered sqlite3_vfs objects are kept on a linked list formed by
   1041 ** the pNext pointer.  The [sqlite3_vfs_register()]
   1042 ** and [sqlite3_vfs_unregister()] interfaces manage this list
   1043 ** in a thread-safe way.  The [sqlite3_vfs_find()] interface
   1044 ** searches the list.  Neither the application code nor the VFS
   1045 ** implementation should use the pNext pointer.
   1046 **
   1047 ** The pNext field is the only field in the sqlite3_vfs
   1048 ** structure that SQLite will ever modify.  SQLite will only access
   1049 ** or modify this field while holding a particular static mutex.
   1050 ** The application should never modify anything within the sqlite3_vfs
   1051 ** object once the object has been registered.
   1052 **
   1053 ** The zName field holds the name of the VFS module.  The name must
   1054 ** be unique across all VFS modules.
   1055 **
   1056 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xOpen]]
   1057 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the zFilename parameter to xOpen
   1058 ** is either a NULL pointer or string obtained
   1059 ** from xFullPathname() with an optional suffix added.
   1060 ** ^If a suffix is added to the zFilename parameter, it will
   1061 ** consist of a single "-" character followed by no more than
   1062 ** 11 alphanumeric and/or "-" characters.
   1063 ** ^SQLite further guarantees that
   1064 ** the string will be valid and unchanged until xClose() is
   1065 ** called. Because of the previous sentence,
   1066 ** the [sqlite3_file] can safely store a pointer to the
   1067 ** filename if it needs to remember the filename for some reason.
   1068 ** If the zFilename parameter to xOpen is a NULL pointer then xOpen
   1069 ** must invent its own temporary name for the file.  ^Whenever the
   1070 ** xFilename parameter is NULL it will also be the case that the
   1071 ** flags parameter will include [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE].
   1072 **
   1073 ** The flags argument to xOpen() includes all bits set in
   1074 ** the flags argument to [sqlite3_open_v2()].  Or if [sqlite3_open()]
   1075 ** or [sqlite3_open16()] is used, then flags includes at least
   1076 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE].
   1077 ** If xOpen() opens a file read-only then it sets *pOutFlags to
   1078 ** include [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY].  Other bits in *pOutFlags may be set.
   1079 **
   1080 ** ^(SQLite will also add one of the following flags to the xOpen()
   1081 ** call, depending on the object being opened:
   1082 **
   1083 ** <ul>
   1084 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB]
   1085 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL]
   1086 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_DB]
   1087 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TEMP_JOURNAL]
   1088 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_TRANSIENT_DB]
   1089 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_SUBJOURNAL]
   1090 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL]
   1091 ** <li>  [SQLITE_OPEN_WAL]
   1092 ** </ul>)^
   1093 **
   1094 ** The file I/O implementation can use the object type flags to
   1095 ** change the way it deals with files.  For example, an application
   1096 ** that does not care about crash recovery or rollback might make
   1097 ** the open of a journal file a no-op.  Writes to this journal would
   1098 ** also be no-ops, and any attempt to read the journal would return
   1099 ** SQLITE_IOERR.  Or the implementation might recognize that a database
   1100 ** file will be doing page-aligned sector reads and writes in a random
   1101 ** order and set up its I/O subsystem accordingly.
   1102 **
   1103 ** SQLite might also add one of the following flags to the xOpen method:
   1104 **
   1105 ** <ul>
   1106 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
   1107 ** <li> [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE]
   1108 ** </ul>
   1109 **
   1110 ** The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE] flag means the file should be
   1111 ** deleted when it is closed.  ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE]
   1112 ** will be set for TEMP databases and their journals, transient
   1113 ** databases, and subjournals.
   1114 **
   1115 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE] flag is always used in conjunction
   1116 ** with the [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE] flag, which are both directly
   1117 ** analogous to the O_EXCL and O_CREAT flags of the POSIX open()
   1118 ** API.  The SQLITE_OPEN_EXCLUSIVE flag, when paired with the
   1119 ** SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, is used to indicate that file should always
   1120 ** be created, and that it is an error if it already exists.
   1121 ** It is <i>not</i> used to indicate the file should be opened
   1122 ** for exclusive access.
   1123 **
   1124 ** ^At least szOsFile bytes of memory are allocated by SQLite
   1125 ** to hold the  [sqlite3_file] structure passed as the third
   1126 ** argument to xOpen.  The xOpen method does not have to
   1127 ** allocate the structure; it should just fill it in.  Note that
   1128 ** the xOpen method must set the sqlite3_file.pMethods to either
   1129 ** a valid [sqlite3_io_methods] object or to NULL.  xOpen must do
   1130 ** this even if the open fails.  SQLite expects that the sqlite3_file.pMethods
   1131 ** element will be valid after xOpen returns regardless of the success
   1132 ** or failure of the xOpen call.
   1133 **
   1134 ** [[sqlite3_vfs.xAccess]]
   1135 ** ^The flags argument to xAccess() may be [SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS]
   1136 ** to test for the existence of a file, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE] to
   1137 ** test whether a file is readable and writable, or [SQLITE_ACCESS_READ]
   1138 ** to test whether a file is at least readable.   The file can be a
   1139 ** directory.
   1140 **
   1141 ** ^SQLite will always allocate at least mxPathname+1 bytes for the
   1142 ** output buffer xFullPathname.  The exact size of the output buffer
   1143 ** is also passed as a parameter to both  methods. If the output buffer
   1144 ** is not large enough, [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] should be returned. Since this is
   1145 ** handled as a fatal error by SQLite, vfs implementations should endeavor
   1146 ** to prevent this by setting mxPathname to a sufficiently large value.
   1147 **
   1148 ** The xRandomness(), xSleep(), xCurrentTime(), and xCurrentTimeInt64()
   1149 ** interfaces are not strictly a part of the filesystem, but they are
   1150 ** included in the VFS structure for completeness.
   1151 ** The xRandomness() function attempts to return nBytes bytes
   1152 ** of good-quality randomness into zOut.  The return value is
   1153 ** the actual number of bytes of randomness obtained.
   1154 ** The xSleep() method causes the calling thread to sleep for at
   1155 ** least the number of microseconds given.  ^The xCurrentTime()
   1156 ** method returns a Julian Day Number for the current date and time as
   1157 ** a floating point value.
   1158 ** ^The xCurrentTimeInt64() method returns, as an integer, the Julian
   1159 ** Day Number multiplied by 86400000 (the number of milliseconds in
   1160 ** a 24-hour day).
   1161 ** ^SQLite will use the xCurrentTimeInt64() method to get the current
   1162 ** date and time if that method is available (if iVersion is 2 or
   1163 ** greater and the function pointer is not NULL) and will fall back
   1164 ** to xCurrentTime() if xCurrentTimeInt64() is unavailable.
   1165 **
   1166 ** ^The xSetSystemCall(), xGetSystemCall(), and xNestSystemCall() interfaces
   1167 ** are not used by the SQLite core.  These optional interfaces are provided
   1168 ** by some VFSes to facilitate testing of the VFS code. By overriding
   1169 ** system calls with functions under its control, a test program can
   1170 ** simulate faults and error conditions that would otherwise be difficult
   1171 ** or impossible to induce.  The set of system calls that can be overridden
   1172 ** varies from one VFS to another, and from one version of the same VFS to the
   1173 ** next.  Applications that use these interfaces must be prepared for any
   1174 ** or all of these interfaces to be NULL or for their behavior to change
   1175 ** from one release to the next.  Applications must not attempt to access
   1176 ** any of these methods if the iVersion of the VFS is less than 3.
   1177 */
   1178 typedef struct sqlite3_vfs sqlite3_vfs;
   1179 typedef void (*sqlite3_syscall_ptr)(void);
   1180 struct sqlite3_vfs {
   1181   int iVersion;            /* Structure version number (currently 3) */
   1182   int szOsFile;            /* Size of subclassed sqlite3_file */
   1183   int mxPathname;          /* Maximum file pathname length */
   1184   sqlite3_vfs *pNext;      /* Next registered VFS */
   1185   const char *zName;       /* Name of this virtual file system */
   1186   void *pAppData;          /* Pointer to application-specific data */
   1187   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_file*,
   1188                int flags, int *pOutFlags);
   1189   int (*xDelete)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
   1190   int (*xAccess)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *pResOut);
   1191   int (*xFullPathname)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int nOut, char *zOut);
   1192   void *(*xDlOpen)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
   1193   void (*xDlError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
   1194   void (*(*xDlSym)(sqlite3_vfs*,void*, const char *zSymbol))(void);
   1195   void (*xDlClose)(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
   1196   int (*xRandomness)(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
   1197   int (*xSleep)(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
   1198   int (*xCurrentTime)(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
   1199   int (*xGetLastError)(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
   1200   /*
   1201   ** The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_vfs object
   1202   ** definition.  Those that follow are added in version 2 or later
   1203   */
   1204   int (*xCurrentTimeInt64)(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
   1205   /*
   1206   ** The methods above are in versions 1 and 2 of the sqlite_vfs object.
   1207   ** Those below are for version 3 and greater.
   1208   */
   1209   int (*xSetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
   1210   sqlite3_syscall_ptr (*xGetSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
   1211   const char *(*xNextSystemCall)(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
   1212   /*
   1213   ** The methods above are in versions 1 through 3 of the sqlite_vfs object.
   1214   ** New fields may be appended in figure versions.  The iVersion
   1215   ** value will increment whenever this happens.
   1216   */
   1217 };
   1218 
   1219 /*
   1220 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xAccess VFS method
   1221 **
   1222 ** These integer constants can be used as the third parameter to
   1223 ** the xAccess method of an [sqlite3_vfs] object.  They determine
   1224 ** what kind of permissions the xAccess method is looking for.
   1225 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, the xAccess method
   1226 ** simply checks whether the file exists.
   1227 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE, the xAccess method
   1228 ** checks whether the named directory is both readable and writable
   1229 ** (in other words, if files can be added, removed, and renamed within
   1230 ** the directory).
   1231 ** The SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE constant is currently used only by the
   1232 ** [temp_store_directory pragma], though this could change in a future
   1233 ** release of SQLite.
   1234 ** With SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, the xAccess method
   1235 ** checks whether the file is readable.  The SQLITE_ACCESS_READ constant is
   1236 ** currently unused, though it might be used in a future release of
   1237 ** SQLite.
   1238 */
   1239 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS    0
   1240 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READWRITE 1   /* Used by PRAGMA temp_store_directory */
   1241 #define SQLITE_ACCESS_READ      2   /* Unused */
   1242 
   1243 /*
   1244 ** CAPI3REF: Flags for the xShmLock VFS method
   1245 **
   1246 ** These integer constants define the various locking operations
   1247 ** allowed by the xShmLock method of [sqlite3_io_methods].  The
   1248 ** following are the only legal combinations of flags to the
   1249 ** xShmLock method:
   1250 **
   1251 ** <ul>
   1252 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
   1253 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_LOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
   1254 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_SHARED
   1255 ** <li>  SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK | SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE
   1256 ** </ul>
   1257 **
   1258 ** When unlocking, the same SHARED or EXCLUSIVE flag must be supplied as
   1259 ** was given on the corresponding lock.
   1260 **
   1261 ** The xShmLock method can transition between unlocked and SHARED or
   1262 ** between unlocked and EXCLUSIVE.  It cannot transition between SHARED
   1263 ** and EXCLUSIVE.
   1264 */
   1265 #define SQLITE_SHM_UNLOCK       1
   1266 #define SQLITE_SHM_LOCK         2
   1267 #define SQLITE_SHM_SHARED       4
   1268 #define SQLITE_SHM_EXCLUSIVE    8
   1269 
   1270 /*
   1271 ** CAPI3REF: Maximum xShmLock index
   1272 **
   1273 ** The xShmLock method on [sqlite3_io_methods] may use values
   1274 ** between 0 and this upper bound as its "offset" argument.
   1275 ** The SQLite core will never attempt to acquire or release a
   1276 ** lock outside of this range
   1277 */
   1278 #define SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK        8
   1279 
   1280 
   1281 /*
   1282 ** CAPI3REF: Initialize The SQLite Library
   1283 **
   1284 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine initializes the
   1285 ** SQLite library.  ^The sqlite3_shutdown() routine
   1286 ** deallocates any resources that were allocated by sqlite3_initialize().
   1287 ** These routines are designed to aid in process initialization and
   1288 ** shutdown on embedded systems.  Workstation applications using
   1289 ** SQLite normally do not need to invoke either of these routines.
   1290 **
   1291 ** A call to sqlite3_initialize() is an "effective" call if it is
   1292 ** the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked during the lifetime of
   1293 ** the process, or if it is the first time sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
   1294 ** following a call to sqlite3_shutdown().  ^(Only an effective call
   1295 ** of sqlite3_initialize() does any initialization.  All other calls
   1296 ** are harmless no-ops.)^
   1297 **
   1298 ** A call to sqlite3_shutdown() is an "effective" call if it is the first
   1299 ** call to sqlite3_shutdown() since the last sqlite3_initialize().  ^(Only
   1300 ** an effective call to sqlite3_shutdown() does any deinitialization.
   1301 ** All other valid calls to sqlite3_shutdown() are harmless no-ops.)^
   1302 **
   1303 ** The sqlite3_initialize() interface is threadsafe, but sqlite3_shutdown()
   1304 ** is not.  The sqlite3_shutdown() interface must only be called from a
   1305 ** single thread.  All open [database connections] must be closed and all
   1306 ** other SQLite resources must be deallocated prior to invoking
   1307 ** sqlite3_shutdown().
   1308 **
   1309 ** Among other things, ^sqlite3_initialize() will invoke
   1310 ** sqlite3_os_init().  Similarly, ^sqlite3_shutdown()
   1311 ** will invoke sqlite3_os_end().
   1312 **
   1313 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine returns [SQLITE_OK] on success.
   1314 ** ^If for some reason, sqlite3_initialize() is unable to initialize
   1315 ** the library (perhaps it is unable to allocate a needed resource such
   1316 ** as a mutex) it returns an [error code] other than [SQLITE_OK].
   1317 **
   1318 ** ^The sqlite3_initialize() routine is called internally by many other
   1319 ** SQLite interfaces so that an application usually does not need to
   1320 ** invoke sqlite3_initialize() directly.  For example, [sqlite3_open()]
   1321 ** calls sqlite3_initialize() so the SQLite library will be automatically
   1322 ** initialized when [sqlite3_open()] is called if it has not be initialized
   1323 ** already.  ^However, if SQLite is compiled with the [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT]
   1324 ** compile-time option, then the automatic calls to sqlite3_initialize()
   1325 ** are omitted and the application must call sqlite3_initialize() directly
   1326 ** prior to using any other SQLite interface.  For maximum portability,
   1327 ** it is recommended that applications always invoke sqlite3_initialize()
   1328 ** directly prior to using any other SQLite interface.  Future releases
   1329 ** of SQLite may require this.  In other words, the behavior exhibited
   1330 ** when SQLite is compiled with [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT] might become the
   1331 ** default behavior in some future release of SQLite.
   1332 **
   1333 ** The sqlite3_os_init() routine does operating-system specific
   1334 ** initialization of the SQLite library.  The sqlite3_os_end()
   1335 ** routine undoes the effect of sqlite3_os_init().  Typical tasks
   1336 ** performed by these routines include allocation or deallocation
   1337 ** of static resources, initialization of global variables,
   1338 ** setting up a default [sqlite3_vfs] module, or setting up
   1339 ** a default configuration using [sqlite3_config()].
   1340 **
   1341 ** The application should never invoke either sqlite3_os_init()
   1342 ** or sqlite3_os_end() directly.  The application should only invoke
   1343 ** sqlite3_initialize() and sqlite3_shutdown().  The sqlite3_os_init()
   1344 ** interface is called automatically by sqlite3_initialize() and
   1345 ** sqlite3_os_end() is called by sqlite3_shutdown().  Appropriate
   1346 ** implementations for sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end()
   1347 ** are built into SQLite when it is compiled for Unix, Windows, or OS/2.
   1348 ** When [custom builds | built for other platforms]
   1349 ** (using the [SQLITE_OS_OTHER=1] compile-time
   1350 ** option) the application must supply a suitable implementation for
   1351 ** sqlite3_os_init() and sqlite3_os_end().  An application-supplied
   1352 ** implementation of sqlite3_os_init() or sqlite3_os_end()
   1353 ** must return [SQLITE_OK] on success and some other [error code] upon
   1354 ** failure.
   1355 */
   1356 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_initialize(void);
   1357 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_shutdown(void);
   1358 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_os_init(void);
   1359 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_os_end(void);
   1360 
   1361 /*
   1362 ** CAPI3REF: Configuring The SQLite Library
   1363 **
   1364 ** The sqlite3_config() interface is used to make global configuration
   1365 ** changes to SQLite in order to tune SQLite to the specific needs of
   1366 ** the application.  The default configuration is recommended for most
   1367 ** applications and so this routine is usually not necessary.  It is
   1368 ** provided to support rare applications with unusual needs.
   1369 **
   1370 ** <b>The sqlite3_config() interface is not threadsafe. The application
   1371 ** must ensure that no other SQLite interfaces are invoked by other
   1372 ** threads while sqlite3_config() is running.</b>
   1373 **
   1374 ** The sqlite3_config() interface
   1375 ** may only be invoked prior to library initialization using
   1376 ** [sqlite3_initialize()] or after shutdown by [sqlite3_shutdown()].
   1377 ** ^If sqlite3_config() is called after [sqlite3_initialize()] and before
   1378 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] then it will return SQLITE_MISUSE.
   1379 ** Note, however, that ^sqlite3_config() can be called as part of the
   1380 ** implementation of an application-defined [sqlite3_os_init()].
   1381 **
   1382 ** The first argument to sqlite3_config() is an integer
   1383 ** [configuration option] that determines
   1384 ** what property of SQLite is to be configured.  Subsequent arguments
   1385 ** vary depending on the [configuration option]
   1386 ** in the first argument.
   1387 **
   1388 ** ^When a configuration option is set, sqlite3_config() returns [SQLITE_OK].
   1389 ** ^If the option is unknown or SQLite is unable to set the option
   1390 ** then this routine returns a non-zero [error code].
   1391 */
   1392 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_config(int, ...);
   1393 
   1394 /*
   1395 ** CAPI3REF: Configure database connections
   1396 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   1397 **
   1398 ** The sqlite3_db_config() interface is used to make configuration
   1399 ** changes to a [database connection].  The interface is similar to
   1400 ** [sqlite3_config()] except that the changes apply to a single
   1401 ** [database connection] (specified in the first argument).
   1402 **
   1403 ** The second argument to sqlite3_db_config(D,V,...)  is the
   1404 ** [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE | configuration verb] - an integer code
   1405 ** that indicates what aspect of the [database connection] is being configured.
   1406 ** Subsequent arguments vary depending on the configuration verb.
   1407 **
   1408 ** ^Calls to sqlite3_db_config() return SQLITE_OK if and only if
   1409 ** the call is considered successful.
   1410 */
   1411 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_db_config(sqlite3*, int op, ...);
   1412 
   1413 /*
   1414 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Routines
   1415 **
   1416 ** An instance of this object defines the interface between SQLite
   1417 ** and low-level memory allocation routines.
   1418 **
   1419 ** This object is used in only one place in the SQLite interface.
   1420 ** A pointer to an instance of this object is the argument to
   1421 ** [sqlite3_config()] when the configuration option is
   1422 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC].
   1423 ** By creating an instance of this object
   1424 ** and passing it to [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC])
   1425 ** during configuration, an application can specify an alternative
   1426 ** memory allocation subsystem for SQLite to use for all of its
   1427 ** dynamic memory needs.
   1428 **
   1429 ** Note that SQLite comes with several [built-in memory allocators]
   1430 ** that are perfectly adequate for the overwhelming majority of applications
   1431 ** and that this object is only useful to a tiny minority of applications
   1432 ** with specialized memory allocation requirements.  This object is
   1433 ** also used during testing of SQLite in order to specify an alternative
   1434 ** memory allocator that simulates memory out-of-memory conditions in
   1435 ** order to verify that SQLite recovers gracefully from such
   1436 ** conditions.
   1437 **
   1438 ** The xMalloc, xRealloc, and xFree methods must work like the
   1439 ** malloc(), realloc() and free() functions from the standard C library.
   1440 ** ^SQLite guarantees that the second argument to
   1441 ** xRealloc is always a value returned by a prior call to xRoundup.
   1442 **
   1443 ** xSize should return the allocated size of a memory allocation
   1444 ** previously obtained from xMalloc or xRealloc.  The allocated size
   1445 ** is always at least as big as the requested size but may be larger.
   1446 **
   1447 ** The xRoundup method returns what would be the allocated size of
   1448 ** a memory allocation given a particular requested size.  Most memory
   1449 ** allocators round up memory allocations at least to the next multiple
   1450 ** of 8.  Some allocators round up to a larger multiple or to a power of 2.
   1451 ** Every memory allocation request coming in through [sqlite3_malloc()]
   1452 ** or [sqlite3_realloc()] first calls xRoundup.  If xRoundup returns 0,
   1453 ** that causes the corresponding memory allocation to fail.
   1454 **
   1455 ** The xInit method initializes the memory allocator.  For example,
   1456 ** it might allocate any require mutexes or initialize internal data
   1457 ** structures.  The xShutdown method is invoked (indirectly) by
   1458 ** [sqlite3_shutdown()] and should deallocate any resources acquired
   1459 ** by xInit.  The pAppData pointer is used as the only parameter to
   1460 ** xInit and xShutdown.
   1461 **
   1462 ** SQLite holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MASTER] mutex when it invokes
   1463 ** the xInit method, so the xInit method need not be threadsafe.  The
   1464 ** xShutdown method is only called from [sqlite3_shutdown()] so it does
   1465 ** not need to be threadsafe either.  For all other methods, SQLite
   1466 ** holds the [SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM] mutex as long as the
   1467 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] configuration option is turned on (which
   1468 ** it is by default) and so the methods are automatically serialized.
   1469 ** However, if [SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS] is disabled, then the other
   1470 ** methods must be threadsafe or else make their own arrangements for
   1471 ** serialization.
   1472 **
   1473 ** SQLite will never invoke xInit() more than once without an intervening
   1474 ** call to xShutdown().
   1475 */
   1476 typedef struct sqlite3_mem_methods sqlite3_mem_methods;
   1477 struct sqlite3_mem_methods {
   1478   void *(*xMalloc)(int);         /* Memory allocation function */
   1479   void (*xFree)(void*);          /* Free a prior allocation */
   1480   void *(*xRealloc)(void*,int);  /* Resize an allocation */
   1481   int (*xSize)(void*);           /* Return the size of an allocation */
   1482   int (*xRoundup)(int);          /* Round up request size to allocation size */
   1483   int (*xInit)(void*);           /* Initialize the memory allocator */
   1484   void (*xShutdown)(void*);      /* Deinitialize the memory allocator */
   1485   void *pAppData;                /* Argument to xInit() and xShutdown() */
   1486 };
   1487 
   1488 /*
   1489 ** CAPI3REF: Configuration Options
   1490 ** KEYWORDS: {configuration option}
   1491 **
   1492 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
   1493 ** can be passed as the first argument to the [sqlite3_config()] interface.
   1494 **
   1495 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
   1496 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
   1497 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_config()] to make sure that
   1498 ** the call worked.  The [sqlite3_config()] interface will return a
   1499 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
   1500 ** is invoked.
   1501 **
   1502 ** <dl>
   1503 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD</dt>
   1504 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
   1505 ** [threading mode] to Single-thread.  In other words, it disables
   1506 ** all mutexing and puts SQLite into a mode where it can only be used
   1507 ** by a single thread.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
   1508 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
   1509 ** it is not possible to change the [threading mode] from its default
   1510 ** value of Single-thread and so [sqlite3_config()] will return
   1511 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD
   1512 ** configuration option.</dd>
   1513 **
   1514 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD</dt>
   1515 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
   1516 ** [threading mode] to Multi-thread.  In other words, it disables
   1517 ** mutexing on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
   1518 ** The application is responsible for serializing access to
   1519 ** [database connections] and [prepared statements].  But other mutexes
   1520 ** are enabled so that SQLite will be safe to use in a multi-threaded
   1521 ** environment as long as no two threads attempt to use the same
   1522 ** [database connection] at the same time.  ^If SQLite is compiled with
   1523 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
   1524 ** it is not possible to set the Multi-thread [threading mode] and
   1525 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
   1526 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD configuration option.</dd>
   1527 **
   1528 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED</dt>
   1529 ** <dd>There are no arguments to this option.  ^This option sets the
   1530 ** [threading mode] to Serialized. In other words, this option enables
   1531 ** all mutexes including the recursive
   1532 ** mutexes on [database connection] and [prepared statement] objects.
   1533 ** In this mode (which is the default when SQLite is compiled with
   1534 ** [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1]) the SQLite library will itself serialize access
   1535 ** to [database connections] and [prepared statements] so that the
   1536 ** application is free to use the same [database connection] or the
   1537 ** same [prepared statement] in different threads at the same time.
   1538 ** ^If SQLite is compiled with
   1539 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
   1540 ** it is not possible to set the Serialized [threading mode] and
   1541 ** [sqlite3_config()] will return [SQLITE_ERROR] if called with the
   1542 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED configuration option.</dd>
   1543 **
   1544 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC</dt>
   1545 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC option takes a single argument which is
   1546 ** a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
   1547 ** The argument specifies
   1548 ** alternative low-level memory allocation routines to be used in place of
   1549 ** the memory allocation routines built into SQLite.)^ ^SQLite makes
   1550 ** its own private copy of the content of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure
   1551 ** before the [sqlite3_config()] call returns.</dd>
   1552 **
   1553 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC</dt>
   1554 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC option takes a single argument which
   1555 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mem_methods] structure.
   1556 ** The [sqlite3_mem_methods]
   1557 ** structure is filled with the currently defined memory allocation routines.)^
   1558 ** This option can be used to overload the default memory allocation
   1559 ** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
   1560 ** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
   1561 **
   1562 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
   1563 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
   1564 ** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
   1565 ** memory allocation statistics. ^(When memory allocation statistics are
   1566 ** disabled, the following SQLite interfaces become non-operational:
   1567 **   <ul>
   1568 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_used()]
   1569 **   <li> [sqlite3_memory_highwater()]
   1570 **   <li> [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
   1571 **   <li> [sqlite3_status64()]
   1572 **   </ul>)^
   1573 ** ^Memory allocation statistics are enabled by default unless SQLite is
   1574 ** compiled with [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS]=0 in which case memory
   1575 ** allocation statistics are disabled by default.
   1576 ** </dd>
   1577 **
   1578 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
   1579 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option specifies a static memory buffer
   1580 ** that SQLite can use for scratch memory.  ^(There are three arguments
   1581 ** to SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH:  A pointer an 8-byte
   1582 ** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
   1583 ** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
   1584 ** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).)^
   1585 ** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
   1586 ** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
   1587 ** ^SQLite will not use more than one scratch buffers per thread.
   1588 ** ^SQLite will never request a scratch buffer that is more than 6
   1589 ** times the database page size.
   1590 ** ^If SQLite needs needs additional
   1591 ** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then
   1592 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.<p>
   1593 ** ^When the application provides any amount of scratch memory using
   1594 ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary large
   1595 ** [sqlite3_malloc|heap allocations].
   1596 ** This can help [Robson proof|prevent memory allocation failures] due to heap
   1597 ** fragmentation in low-memory embedded systems.
   1598 ** </dd>
   1599 **
   1600 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
   1601 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE option specifies a static memory buffer
   1602 ** that SQLite can use for the database page cache with the default page
   1603 ** cache implementation.
   1604 ** This configuration should not be used if an application-define page
   1605 ** cache implementation is loaded using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]
   1606 ** configuration option.
   1607 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: A pointer to
   1608 ** 8-byte aligned
   1609 ** memory, the size of each page buffer (sz), and the number of pages (N).
   1610 ** The sz argument should be the size of the largest database page
   1611 ** (a power of two between 512 and 65536) plus some extra bytes for each
   1612 ** page header.  ^The number of extra bytes needed by the page header
   1613 ** can be determined using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ] option
   1614 ** to [sqlite3_config()].
   1615 ** ^It is harmless, apart from the wasted memory,
   1616 ** for the sz parameter to be larger than necessary.  The first
   1617 ** argument should pointer to an 8-byte aligned block of memory that
   1618 ** is at least sz*N bytes of memory, otherwise subsequent behavior is
   1619 ** undefined.
   1620 ** ^SQLite will use the memory provided by the first argument to satisfy its
   1621 ** memory needs for the first N pages that it adds to cache.  ^If additional
   1622 ** page cache memory is needed beyond what is provided by this option, then
   1623 ** SQLite goes to [sqlite3_malloc()] for the additional storage space.</dd>
   1624 **
   1625 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
   1626 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer
   1627 ** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
   1628 ** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and
   1629 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
   1630 ** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
   1631 ** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
   1632 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
   1633 ** ^There are three arguments to SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP:
   1634 ** An 8-byte aligned pointer to the memory,
   1635 ** the number of bytes in the memory buffer, and the minimum allocation size.
   1636 ** ^If the first pointer (the memory pointer) is NULL, then SQLite reverts
   1637 ** to using its default memory allocator (the system malloc() implementation),
   1638 ** undoing any prior invocation of [SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC].  ^If the
   1639 ** memory pointer is not NULL then the alternative memory
   1640 ** allocator is engaged to handle all of SQLites memory allocation needs.
   1641 ** The first pointer (the memory pointer) must be aligned to an 8-byte
   1642 ** boundary or subsequent behavior of SQLite will be undefined.
   1643 ** The minimum allocation size is capped at 2**12. Reasonable values
   1644 ** for the minimum allocation size are 2**5 through 2**8.</dd>
   1645 **
   1646 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX</dt>
   1647 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX option takes a single argument which is a
   1648 ** pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.
   1649 ** The argument specifies alternative low-level mutex routines to be used
   1650 ** in place the mutex routines built into SQLite.)^  ^SQLite makes a copy of
   1651 ** the content of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure before the call to
   1652 ** [sqlite3_config()] returns. ^If SQLite is compiled with
   1653 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
   1654 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
   1655 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX configuration option will
   1656 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
   1657 **
   1658 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX</dt>
   1659 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX option takes a single argument which
   1660 ** is a pointer to an instance of the [sqlite3_mutex_methods] structure.  The
   1661 ** [sqlite3_mutex_methods]
   1662 ** structure is filled with the currently defined mutex routines.)^
   1663 ** This option can be used to overload the default mutex allocation
   1664 ** routines with a wrapper used to track mutex usage for performance
   1665 ** profiling or testing, for example.   ^If SQLite is compiled with
   1666 ** the [SQLITE_THREADSAFE | SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] compile-time option then
   1667 ** the entire mutexing subsystem is omitted from the build and hence calls to
   1668 ** [sqlite3_config()] with the SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX configuration option will
   1669 ** return [SQLITE_ERROR].</dd>
   1670 **
   1671 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
   1672 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE option takes two arguments that determine
   1673 ** the default size of lookaside memory on each [database connection].
   1674 ** The first argument is the
   1675 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot and the second is the number of
   1676 ** slots allocated to each database connection.)^  ^(SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE
   1677 ** sets the <i>default</i> lookaside size. The [SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE]
   1678 ** option to [sqlite3_db_config()] can be used to change the lookaside
   1679 ** configuration on individual connections.)^ </dd>
   1680 **
   1681 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2</dt>
   1682 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2 option takes a single argument which is
   1683 ** a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  This object specifies
   1684 ** the interface to a custom page cache implementation.)^
   1685 ** ^SQLite makes a copy of the [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.</dd>
   1686 **
   1687 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2</dt>
   1688 ** <dd> ^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2 option takes a single argument which
   1689 ** is a pointer to an [sqlite3_pcache_methods2] object.  SQLite copies of
   1690 ** the current page cache implementation into that object.)^ </dd>
   1691 **
   1692 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG</dt>
   1693 ** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option is used to configure the SQLite
   1694 ** global [error log].
   1695 ** (^The SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG option takes two arguments: a pointer to a
   1696 ** function with a call signature of void(*)(void*,int,const char*),
   1697 ** and a pointer to void. ^If the function pointer is not NULL, it is
   1698 ** invoked by [sqlite3_log()] to process each logging event.  ^If the
   1699 ** function pointer is NULL, the [sqlite3_log()] interface becomes a no-op.
   1700 ** ^The void pointer that is the second argument to SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG is
   1701 ** passed through as the first parameter to the application-defined logger
   1702 ** function whenever that function is invoked.  ^The second parameter to
   1703 ** the logger function is a copy of the first parameter to the corresponding
   1704 ** [sqlite3_log()] call and is intended to be a [result code] or an
   1705 ** [extended result code].  ^The third parameter passed to the logger is
   1706 ** log message after formatting via [sqlite3_snprintf()].
   1707 ** The SQLite logging interface is not reentrant; the logger function
   1708 ** supplied by the application must not invoke any SQLite interface.
   1709 ** In a multi-threaded application, the application-defined logger
   1710 ** function must be threadsafe. </dd>
   1711 **
   1712 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_URI]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_URI
   1713 ** <dd>^(The SQLITE_CONFIG_URI option takes a single argument of type int.
   1714 ** If non-zero, then URI handling is globally enabled. If the parameter is zero,
   1715 ** then URI handling is globally disabled.)^ ^If URI handling is globally
   1716 ** enabled, all filenames passed to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()],
   1717 ** [sqlite3_open16()] or
   1718 ** specified as part of [ATTACH] commands are interpreted as URIs, regardless
   1719 ** of whether or not the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is set when the database
   1720 ** connection is opened. ^If it is globally disabled, filenames are
   1721 ** only interpreted as URIs if the SQLITE_OPEN_URI flag is set when the
   1722 ** database connection is opened. ^(By default, URI handling is globally
   1723 ** disabled. The default value may be changed by compiling with the
   1724 ** [SQLITE_USE_URI] symbol defined.)^
   1725 **
   1726 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
   1727 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN option takes a single integer
   1728 ** argument which is interpreted as a boolean in order to enable or disable
   1729 ** the use of covering indices for full table scans in the query optimizer.
   1730 ** ^The default setting is determined
   1731 ** by the [SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN] compile-time option, or is "on"
   1732 ** if that compile-time option is omitted.
   1733 ** The ability to disable the use of covering indices for full table scans
   1734 ** is because some incorrectly coded legacy applications might malfunction
   1735 ** when the optimization is enabled.  Providing the ability to
   1736 ** disable the optimization allows the older, buggy application code to work
   1737 ** without change even with newer versions of SQLite.
   1738 **
   1739 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE]] [[SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE]]
   1740 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE and SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE
   1741 ** <dd> These options are obsolete and should not be used by new code.
   1742 ** They are retained for backwards compatibility but are now no-ops.
   1743 ** </dd>
   1744 **
   1745 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG]]
   1746 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG
   1747 ** <dd>This option is only available if sqlite is compiled with the
   1748 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG] pre-processor macro defined. The first argument should
   1749 ** be a pointer to a function of type void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,const char*, int).
   1750 ** The second should be of type (void*). The callback is invoked by the library
   1751 ** in three separate circumstances, identified by the value passed as the
   1752 ** fourth parameter. If the fourth parameter is 0, then the database connection
   1753 ** passed as the second argument has just been opened. The third argument
   1754 ** points to a buffer containing the name of the main database file. If the
   1755 ** fourth parameter is 1, then the SQL statement that the third parameter
   1756 ** points to has just been executed. Or, if the fourth parameter is 2, then
   1757 ** the connection being passed as the second parameter is being closed. The
   1758 ** third parameter is passed NULL In this case.  An example of using this
   1759 ** configuration option can be seen in the "test_sqllog.c" source file in
   1760 ** the canonical SQLite source tree.</dd>
   1761 **
   1762 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE]]
   1763 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE
   1764 ** <dd>^SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE takes two 64-bit integer (sqlite3_int64) values
   1765 ** that are the default mmap size limit (the default setting for
   1766 ** [PRAGMA mmap_size]) and the maximum allowed mmap size limit.
   1767 ** ^The default setting can be overridden by each database connection using
   1768 ** either the [PRAGMA mmap_size] command, or by using the
   1769 ** [SQLITE_FCNTL_MMAP_SIZE] file control.  ^(The maximum allowed mmap size
   1770 ** will be silently truncated if necessary so that it does not exceed the
   1771 ** compile-time maximum mmap size set by the
   1772 ** [SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE] compile-time option.)^
   1773 ** ^If either argument to this option is negative, then that argument is
   1774 ** changed to its compile-time default.
   1775 **
   1776 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE]]
   1777 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE
   1778 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE option is only available if SQLite is
   1779 ** compiled for Windows with the [SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC] pre-processor macro
   1780 ** defined. ^SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE takes a 32-bit unsigned integer value
   1781 ** that specifies the maximum size of the created heap.
   1782 **
   1783 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ]]
   1784 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ
   1785 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ option takes a single parameter which
   1786 ** is a pointer to an integer and writes into that integer the number of extra
   1787 ** bytes per page required for each page in [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
   1788 ** The amount of extra space required can change depending on the compiler,
   1789 ** target platform, and SQLite version.
   1790 **
   1791 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ]]
   1792 ** <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ
   1793 ** <dd>^The SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ option takes a single parameter which
   1794 ** is an unsigned integer and sets the "Minimum PMA Size" for the multithreaded
   1795 ** sorter to that integer.  The default minimum PMA Size is set by the
   1796 ** [SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ] compile-time option.  New threads are launched
   1797 ** to help with sort operations when multithreaded sorting
   1798 ** is enabled (using the [PRAGMA threads] command) and the amount of content
   1799 ** to be sorted exceeds the page size times the minimum of the
   1800 ** [PRAGMA cache_size] setting and this value.
   1801 ** </dl>
   1802 */
   1803 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD  1  /* nil */
   1804 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD   2  /* nil */
   1805 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
   1806 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
   1807 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
   1808 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
   1809 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
   1810 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
   1811 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
   1812 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MUTEX        10  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
   1813 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMUTEX     11  /* sqlite3_mutex_methods* */
   1814 /* previously SQLITE_CONFIG_CHUNKALLOC 12 which is now unused. */
   1815 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE    13  /* int int */
   1816 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE       14  /* no-op */
   1817 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE    15  /* no-op */
   1818 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_LOG          16  /* xFunc, void* */
   1819 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_URI          17  /* int */
   1820 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2      18  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
   1821 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETPCACHE2   19  /* sqlite3_pcache_methods2* */
   1822 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN 20  /* int */
   1823 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SQLLOG       21  /* xSqllog, void* */
   1824 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MMAP_SIZE    22  /* sqlite3_int64, sqlite3_int64 */
   1825 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_WIN32_HEAPSIZE      23  /* int nByte */
   1826 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
   1827 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
   1828 
   1829 /*
   1830 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
   1831 **
   1832 ** These constants are the available integer configuration options that
   1833 ** can be passed as the second argument to the [sqlite3_db_config()] interface.
   1834 **
   1835 ** New configuration options may be added in future releases of SQLite.
   1836 ** Existing configuration options might be discontinued.  Applications
   1837 ** should check the return code from [sqlite3_db_config()] to make sure that
   1838 ** the call worked.  ^The [sqlite3_db_config()] interface will return a
   1839 ** non-zero [error code] if a discontinued or unsupported configuration option
   1840 ** is invoked.
   1841 **
   1842 ** <dl>
   1843 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE</dt>
   1844 ** <dd> ^This option takes three additional arguments that determine the
   1845 ** [lookaside memory allocator] configuration for the [database connection].
   1846 ** ^The first argument (the third parameter to [sqlite3_db_config()] is a
   1847 ** pointer to a memory buffer to use for lookaside memory.
   1848 ** ^The first argument after the SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE verb
   1849 ** may be NULL in which case SQLite will allocate the
   1850 ** lookaside buffer itself using [sqlite3_malloc()]. ^The second argument is the
   1851 ** size of each lookaside buffer slot.  ^The third argument is the number of
   1852 ** slots.  The size of the buffer in the first argument must be greater than
   1853 ** or equal to the product of the second and third arguments.  The buffer
   1854 ** must be aligned to an 8-byte boundary.  ^If the second argument to
   1855 ** SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE is not a multiple of 8, it is internally
   1856 ** rounded down to the next smaller multiple of 8.  ^(The lookaside memory
   1857 ** configuration for a database connection can only be changed when that
   1858 ** connection is not currently using lookaside memory, or in other words
   1859 ** when the "current value" returned by
   1860 ** [sqlite3_db_status](D,[SQLITE_CONFIG_LOOKASIDE],...) is zero.
   1861 ** Any attempt to change the lookaside memory configuration when lookaside
   1862 ** memory is in use leaves the configuration unchanged and returns
   1863 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].)^</dd>
   1864 **
   1865 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY</dt>
   1866 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable the enforcement of
   1867 ** [foreign key constraints].  There should be two additional arguments.
   1868 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable FK enforcement,
   1869 ** positive to enable FK enforcement or negative to leave FK enforcement
   1870 ** unchanged.  The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
   1871 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether FK enforcement is off or on
   1872 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
   1873 ** which case the FK enforcement setting is not reported back. </dd>
   1874 **
   1875 ** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER</dt>
   1876 ** <dd> ^This option is used to enable or disable [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers].
   1877 ** There should be two additional arguments.
   1878 ** The first argument is an integer which is 0 to disable triggers,
   1879 ** positive to enable triggers or negative to leave the setting unchanged.
   1880 ** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which
   1881 ** is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether triggers are disabled or enabled
   1882 ** following this call.  The second parameter may be a NULL pointer, in
   1883 ** which case the trigger setting is not reported back. </dd>
   1884 **
   1885 ** </dl>
   1886 */
   1887 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_LOOKASIDE       1001  /* void* int int */
   1888 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FKEY     1002  /* int int* */
   1889 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_TRIGGER  1003  /* int int* */
   1890 
   1891 
   1892 /*
   1893 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
   1894 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   1895 **
   1896 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_result_codes() routine enables or disables the
   1897 ** [extended result codes] feature of SQLite. ^The extended result
   1898 ** codes are disabled by default for historical compatibility.
   1899 */
   1900 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_extended_result_codes(sqlite3*, int onoff);
   1901 
   1902 /*
   1903 ** CAPI3REF: Last Insert Rowid
   1904 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   1905 **
   1906 ** ^Each entry in most SQLite tables (except for [WITHOUT ROWID] tables)
   1907 ** has a unique 64-bit signed
   1908 ** integer key called the [ROWID | "rowid"]. ^The rowid is always available
   1909 ** as an undeclared column named ROWID, OID, or _ROWID_ as long as those
   1910 ** names are not also used by explicitly declared columns. ^If
   1911 ** the table has a column of type [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] then that column
   1912 ** is another alias for the rowid.
   1913 **
   1914 ** ^The sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) interface returns the [rowid] of the
   1915 ** most recent successful [INSERT] into a rowid table or [virtual table]
   1916 ** on database connection D.
   1917 ** ^Inserts into [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are not recorded.
   1918 ** ^If no successful [INSERT]s into rowid tables
   1919 ** have ever occurred on the database connection D,
   1920 ** then sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(D) returns zero.
   1921 **
   1922 ** ^(If an [INSERT] occurs within a trigger or within a [virtual table]
   1923 ** method, then this routine will return the [rowid] of the inserted
   1924 ** row as long as the trigger or virtual table method is running.
   1925 ** But once the trigger or virtual table method ends, the value returned
   1926 ** by this routine reverts to what it was before the trigger or virtual
   1927 ** table method began.)^
   1928 **
   1929 ** ^An [INSERT] that fails due to a constraint violation is not a
   1930 ** successful [INSERT] and does not change the value returned by this
   1931 ** routine.  ^Thus INSERT OR FAIL, INSERT OR IGNORE, INSERT OR ROLLBACK,
   1932 ** and INSERT OR ABORT make no changes to the return value of this
   1933 ** routine when their insertion fails.  ^(When INSERT OR REPLACE
   1934 ** encounters a constraint violation, it does not fail.  The
   1935 ** INSERT continues to completion after deleting rows that caused
   1936 ** the constraint problem so INSERT OR REPLACE will always change
   1937 ** the return value of this interface.)^
   1938 **
   1939 ** ^For the purposes of this routine, an [INSERT] is considered to
   1940 ** be successful even if it is subsequently rolled back.
   1941 **
   1942 ** This function is accessible to SQL statements via the
   1943 ** [last_insert_rowid() SQL function].
   1944 **
   1945 ** If a separate thread performs a new [INSERT] on the same
   1946 ** database connection while the [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()]
   1947 ** function is running and thus changes the last insert [rowid],
   1948 ** then the value returned by [sqlite3_last_insert_rowid()] is
   1949 ** unpredictable and might not equal either the old or the new
   1950 ** last insert [rowid].
   1951 */
   1952 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(sqlite3*);
   1953 
   1954 /*
   1955 ** CAPI3REF: Count The Number Of Rows Modified
   1956 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   1957 **
   1958 ** ^This function returns the number of rows modified, inserted or
   1959 ** deleted by the most recently completed INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE
   1960 ** statement on the database connection specified by the only parameter.
   1961 ** ^Executing any other type of SQL statement does not modify the value
   1962 ** returned by this function.
   1963 **
   1964 ** ^Only changes made directly by the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement are
   1965 ** considered - auxiliary changes caused by [CREATE TRIGGER | triggers],
   1966 ** [foreign key actions] or [REPLACE] constraint resolution are not counted.
   1967 **
   1968 ** Changes to a view that are intercepted by
   1969 ** [INSTEAD OF trigger | INSTEAD OF triggers] are not counted. ^The value
   1970 ** returned by sqlite3_changes() immediately after an INSERT, UPDATE or
   1971 ** DELETE statement run on a view is always zero. Only changes made to real
   1972 ** tables are counted.
   1973 **
   1974 ** Things are more complicated if the sqlite3_changes() function is
   1975 ** executed while a trigger program is running. This may happen if the
   1976 ** program uses the [changes() SQL function], or if some other callback
   1977 ** function invokes sqlite3_changes() directly. Essentially:
   1978 **
   1979 ** <ul>
   1980 **   <li> ^(Before entering a trigger program the value returned by
   1981 **        sqlite3_changes() function is saved. After the trigger program
   1982 **        has finished, the original value is restored.)^
   1983 **
   1984 **   <li> ^(Within a trigger program each INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE
   1985 **        statement sets the value returned by sqlite3_changes()
   1986 **        upon completion as normal. Of course, this value will not include
   1987 **        any changes performed by sub-triggers, as the sqlite3_changes()
   1988 **        value will be saved and restored after each sub-trigger has run.)^
   1989 ** </ul>
   1990 **
   1991 ** ^This means that if the changes() SQL function (or similar) is used
   1992 ** by the first INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within a trigger, it
   1993 ** returns the value as set when the calling statement began executing.
   1994 ** ^If it is used by the second or subsequent such statement within a trigger
   1995 ** program, the value returned reflects the number of rows modified by the
   1996 ** previous INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement within the same trigger.
   1997 **
   1998 ** See also the [sqlite3_total_changes()] interface, the
   1999 ** [count_changes pragma], and the [changes() SQL function].
   2000 **
   2001 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
   2002 ** while [sqlite3_changes()] is running then the value returned
   2003 ** is unpredictable and not meaningful.
   2004 */
   2005 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_changes(sqlite3*);
   2006 
   2007 /*
   2008 ** CAPI3REF: Total Number Of Rows Modified
   2009 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   2010 **
   2011 ** ^This function returns the total number of rows inserted, modified or
   2012 ** deleted by all [INSERT], [UPDATE] or [DELETE] statements completed
   2013 ** since the database connection was opened, including those executed as
   2014 ** part of trigger programs. ^Executing any other type of SQL statement
   2015 ** does not affect the value returned by sqlite3_total_changes().
   2016 **
   2017 ** ^Changes made as part of [foreign key actions] are included in the
   2018 ** count, but those made as part of REPLACE constraint resolution are
   2019 ** not. ^Changes to a view that are intercepted by INSTEAD OF triggers
   2020 ** are not counted.
   2021 **
   2022 ** See also the [sqlite3_changes()] interface, the
   2023 ** [count_changes pragma], and the [total_changes() SQL function].
   2024 **
   2025 ** If a separate thread makes changes on the same database connection
   2026 ** while [sqlite3_total_changes()] is running then the value
   2027 ** returned is unpredictable and not meaningful.
   2028 */
   2029 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_total_changes(sqlite3*);
   2030 
   2031 /*
   2032 ** CAPI3REF: Interrupt A Long-Running Query
   2033 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   2034 **
   2035 ** ^This function causes any pending database operation to abort and
   2036 ** return at its earliest opportunity. This routine is typically
   2037 ** called in response to a user action such as pressing "Cancel"
   2038 ** or Ctrl-C where the user wants a long query operation to halt
   2039 ** immediately.
   2040 **
   2041 ** ^It is safe to call this routine from a thread different from the
   2042 ** thread that is currently running the database operation.  But it
   2043 ** is not safe to call this routine with a [database connection] that
   2044 ** is closed or might close before sqlite3_interrupt() returns.
   2045 **
   2046 ** ^If an SQL operation is very nearly finished at the time when
   2047 ** sqlite3_interrupt() is called, then it might not have an opportunity
   2048 ** to be interrupted and might continue to completion.
   2049 **
   2050 ** ^An SQL operation that is interrupted will return [SQLITE_INTERRUPT].
   2051 ** ^If the interrupted SQL operation is an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE
   2052 ** that is inside an explicit transaction, then the entire transaction
   2053 ** will be rolled back automatically.
   2054 **
   2055 ** ^The sqlite3_interrupt(D) call is in effect until all currently running
   2056 ** SQL statements on [database connection] D complete.  ^Any new SQL statements
   2057 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call and before the
   2058 ** running statements reaches zero are interrupted as if they had been
   2059 ** running prior to the sqlite3_interrupt() call.  ^New SQL statements
   2060 ** that are started after the running statement count reaches zero are
   2061 ** not effected by the sqlite3_interrupt().
   2062 ** ^A call to sqlite3_interrupt(D) that occurs when there are no running
   2063 ** SQL statements is a no-op and has no effect on SQL statements
   2064 ** that are started after the sqlite3_interrupt() call returns.
   2065 **
   2066 ** If the database connection closes while [sqlite3_interrupt()]
   2067 ** is running then bad things will likely happen.
   2068 */
   2069 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_interrupt(sqlite3*);
   2070 
   2071 /*
   2072 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Is Complete
   2073 **
   2074 ** These routines are useful during command-line input to determine if the
   2075 ** currently entered text seems to form a complete SQL statement or
   2076 ** if additional input is needed before sending the text into
   2077 ** SQLite for parsing.  ^These routines return 1 if the input string
   2078 ** appears to be a complete SQL statement.  ^A statement is judged to be
   2079 ** complete if it ends with a semicolon token and is not a prefix of a
   2080 ** well-formed CREATE TRIGGER statement.  ^Semicolons that are embedded within
   2081 ** string literals or quoted identifier names or comments are not
   2082 ** independent tokens (they are part of the token in which they are
   2083 ** embedded) and thus do not count as a statement terminator.  ^Whitespace
   2084 ** and comments that follow the final semicolon are ignored.
   2085 **
   2086 ** ^These routines return 0 if the statement is incomplete.  ^If a
   2087 ** memory allocation fails, then SQLITE_NOMEM is returned.
   2088 **
   2089 ** ^These routines do not parse the SQL statements thus
   2090 ** will not detect syntactically incorrect SQL.
   2091 **
   2092 ** ^(If SQLite has not been initialized using [sqlite3_initialize()] prior
   2093 ** to invoking sqlite3_complete16() then sqlite3_initialize() is invoked
   2094 ** automatically by sqlite3_complete16().  If that initialization fails,
   2095 ** then the return value from sqlite3_complete16() will be non-zero
   2096 ** regardless of whether or not the input SQL is complete.)^
   2097 **
   2098 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete()] must be a zero-terminated
   2099 ** UTF-8 string.
   2100 **
   2101 ** The input to [sqlite3_complete16()] must be a zero-terminated
   2102 ** UTF-16 string in native byte order.
   2103 */
   2104 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_complete(const char *sql);
   2105 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_complete16(const void *sql);
   2106 
   2107 /*
   2108 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Callback To Handle SQLITE_BUSY Errors
   2109 ** KEYWORDS: {busy-handler callback} {busy handler}
   2110 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   2111 **
   2112 ** ^The sqlite3_busy_handler(D,X,P) routine sets a callback function X
   2113 ** that might be invoked with argument P whenever
   2114 ** an attempt is made to access a database table associated with
   2115 ** [database connection] D when another thread
   2116 ** or process has the table locked.
   2117 ** The sqlite3_busy_handler() interface is used to implement
   2118 ** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] and [PRAGMA busy_timeout].
   2119 **
   2120 ** ^If the busy callback is NULL, then [SQLITE_BUSY]
   2121 ** is returned immediately upon encountering the lock.  ^If the busy callback
   2122 ** is not NULL, then the callback might be invoked with two arguments.
   2123 **
   2124 ** ^The first argument to the busy handler is a copy of the void* pointer which
   2125 ** is the third argument to sqlite3_busy_handler().  ^The second argument to
   2126 ** the busy handler callback is the number of times that the busy handler has
   2127 ** been invoked previously for the same locking event.  ^If the
   2128 ** busy callback returns 0, then no additional attempts are made to
   2129 ** access the database and [SQLITE_BUSY] is returned
   2130 ** to the application.
   2131 ** ^If the callback returns non-zero, then another attempt
   2132 ** is made to access the database and the cycle repeats.
   2133 **
   2134 ** The presence of a busy handler does not guarantee that it will be invoked
   2135 ** when there is lock contention. ^If SQLite determines that invoking the busy
   2136 ** handler could result in a deadlock, it will go ahead and return [SQLITE_BUSY]
   2137 ** to the application instead of invoking the
   2138 ** busy handler.
   2139 ** Consider a scenario where one process is holding a read lock that
   2140 ** it is trying to promote to a reserved lock and
   2141 ** a second process is holding a reserved lock that it is trying
   2142 ** to promote to an exclusive lock.  The first process cannot proceed
   2143 ** because it is blocked by the second and the second process cannot
   2144 ** proceed because it is blocked by the first.  If both processes
   2145 ** invoke the busy handlers, neither will make any progress.  Therefore,
   2146 ** SQLite returns [SQLITE_BUSY] for the first process, hoping that this
   2147 ** will induce the first process to release its read lock and allow
   2148 ** the second process to proceed.
   2149 **
   2150 ** ^The default busy callback is NULL.
   2151 **
   2152 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler defined for each
   2153 ** [database connection].  Setting a new busy handler clears any
   2154 ** previously set handler.)^  ^Note that calling [sqlite3_busy_timeout()]
   2155 ** or evaluating [PRAGMA busy_timeout=N] will change the
   2156 ** busy handler and thus clear any previously set busy handler.
   2157 **
   2158 ** The busy callback should not take any actions which modify the
   2159 ** database connection that invoked the busy handler.  In other words,
   2160 ** the busy handler is not reentrant.  Any such actions
   2161 ** result in undefined behavior.
   2162 **
   2163 ** A busy handler must not close the database connection
   2164 ** or [prepared statement] that invoked the busy handler.
   2165 */
   2166 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_busy_handler(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*,int), void*);
   2167 
   2168 /*
   2169 ** CAPI3REF: Set A Busy Timeout
   2170 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   2171 **
   2172 ** ^This routine sets a [sqlite3_busy_handler | busy handler] that sleeps
   2173 ** for a specified amount of time when a table is locked.  ^The handler
   2174 ** will sleep multiple times until at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping
   2175 ** have accumulated.  ^After at least "ms" milliseconds of sleeping,
   2176 ** the handler returns 0 which causes [sqlite3_step()] to return
   2177 ** [SQLITE_BUSY].
   2178 **
   2179 ** ^Calling this routine with an argument less than or equal to zero
   2180 ** turns off all busy handlers.
   2181 **
   2182 ** ^(There can only be a single busy handler for a particular
   2183 ** [database connection] at any given moment.  If another busy handler
   2184 ** was defined  (using [sqlite3_busy_handler()]) prior to calling
   2185 ** this routine, that other busy handler is cleared.)^
   2186 **
   2187 ** See also:  [PRAGMA busy_timeout]
   2188 */
   2189 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_busy_timeout(sqlite3*, int ms);
   2190 
   2191 /*
   2192 ** CAPI3REF: Convenience Routines For Running Queries
   2193 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   2194 **
   2195 ** This is a legacy interface that is preserved for backwards compatibility.
   2196 ** Use of this interface is not recommended.
   2197 **
   2198 ** Definition: A <b>result table</b> is memory data structure created by the
   2199 ** [sqlite3_get_table()] interface.  A result table records the
   2200 ** complete query results from one or more queries.
   2201 **
   2202 ** The table conceptually has a number of rows and columns.  But
   2203 ** these numbers are not part of the result table itself.  These
   2204 ** numbers are obtained separately.  Let N be the number of rows
   2205 ** and M be the number of columns.
   2206 **
   2207 ** A result table is an array of pointers to zero-terminated UTF-8 strings.
   2208 ** There are (N+1)*M elements in the array.  The first M pointers point
   2209 ** to zero-terminated strings that  contain the names of the columns.
   2210 ** The remaining entries all point to query results.  NULL values result
   2211 ** in NULL pointers.  All other values are in their UTF-8 zero-terminated
   2212 ** string representation as returned by [sqlite3_column_text()].
   2213 **
   2214 ** A result table might consist of one or more memory allocations.
   2215 ** It is not safe to pass a result table directly to [sqlite3_free()].
   2216 ** A result table should be deallocated using [sqlite3_free_table()].
   2217 **
   2218 ** ^(As an example of the result table format, suppose a query result
   2219 ** is as follows:
   2220 **
   2221 ** <blockquote><pre>
   2222 **        Name        | Age
   2223 **        -----------------------
   2224 **        Alice       | 43
   2225 **        Bob         | 28
   2226 **        Cindy       | 21
   2227 ** </pre></blockquote>
   2228 **
   2229 ** There are two column (M==2) and three rows (N==3).  Thus the
   2230 ** result table has 8 entries.  Suppose the result table is stored
   2231 ** in an array names azResult.  Then azResult holds this content:
   2232 **
   2233 ** <blockquote><pre>
   2234 **        azResult&#91;0] = "Name";
   2235 **        azResult&#91;1] = "Age";
   2236 **        azResult&#91;2] = "Alice";
   2237 **        azResult&#91;3] = "43";
   2238 **        azResult&#91;4] = "Bob";
   2239 **        azResult&#91;5] = "28";
   2240 **        azResult&#91;6] = "Cindy";
   2241 **        azResult&#91;7] = "21";
   2242 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
   2243 **
   2244 ** ^The sqlite3_get_table() function evaluates one or more
   2245 ** semicolon-separated SQL statements in the zero-terminated UTF-8
   2246 ** string of its 2nd parameter and returns a result table to the
   2247 ** pointer given in its 3rd parameter.
   2248 **
   2249 ** After the application has finished with the result from sqlite3_get_table(),
   2250 ** it must pass the result table pointer to sqlite3_free_table() in order to
   2251 ** release the memory that was malloced.  Because of the way the
   2252 ** [sqlite3_malloc()] happens within sqlite3_get_table(), the calling
   2253 ** function must not try to call [sqlite3_free()] directly.  Only
   2254 ** [sqlite3_free_table()] is able to release the memory properly and safely.
   2255 **
   2256 ** The sqlite3_get_table() interface is implemented as a wrapper around
   2257 ** [sqlite3_exec()].  The sqlite3_get_table() routine does not have access
   2258 ** to any internal data structures of SQLite.  It uses only the public
   2259 ** interface defined here.  As a consequence, errors that occur in the
   2260 ** wrapper layer outside of the internal [sqlite3_exec()] call are not
   2261 ** reflected in subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] or
   2262 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()].
   2263 */
   2264 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_get_table(
   2265   sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
   2266   const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
   2267   char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
   2268   int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
   2269   int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
   2270   char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
   2271 );
   2272 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_free_table(char **result);
   2273 
   2274 /*
   2275 ** CAPI3REF: Formatted String Printing Functions
   2276 **
   2277 ** These routines are work-alikes of the "printf()" family of functions
   2278 ** from the standard C library.
   2279 ** These routines understand most of the common K&R formatting options,
   2280 ** plus some additional non-standard formats, detailed below.
   2281 ** Note that some of the more obscure formatting options from recent
   2282 ** C-library standards are omitted from this implementation.
   2283 **
   2284 ** ^The sqlite3_mprintf() and sqlite3_vmprintf() routines write their
   2285 ** results into memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()].
   2286 ** The strings returned by these two routines should be
   2287 ** released by [sqlite3_free()].  ^Both routines return a
   2288 ** NULL pointer if [sqlite3_malloc()] is unable to allocate enough
   2289 ** memory to hold the resulting string.
   2290 **
   2291 ** ^(The sqlite3_snprintf() routine is similar to "snprintf()" from
   2292 ** the standard C library.  The result is written into the
   2293 ** buffer supplied as the second parameter whose size is given by
   2294 ** the first parameter. Note that the order of the
   2295 ** first two parameters is reversed from snprintf().)^  This is an
   2296 ** historical accident that cannot be fixed without breaking
   2297 ** backwards compatibility.  ^(Note also that sqlite3_snprintf()
   2298 ** returns a pointer to its buffer instead of the number of
   2299 ** characters actually written into the buffer.)^  We admit that
   2300 ** the number of characters written would be a more useful return
   2301 ** value but we cannot change the implementation of sqlite3_snprintf()
   2302 ** now without breaking compatibility.
   2303 **
   2304 ** ^As long as the buffer size is greater than zero, sqlite3_snprintf()
   2305 ** guarantees that the buffer is always zero-terminated.  ^The first
   2306 ** parameter "n" is the total size of the buffer, including space for
   2307 ** the zero terminator.  So the longest string that can be completely
   2308 ** written will be n-1 characters.
   2309 **
   2310 ** ^The sqlite3_vsnprintf() routine is a varargs version of sqlite3_snprintf().
   2311 **
   2312 ** These routines all implement some additional formatting
   2313 ** options that are useful for constructing SQL statements.
   2314 ** All of the usual printf() formatting options apply.  In addition, there
   2315 ** is are "%q", "%Q", "%w" and "%z" options.
   2316 **
   2317 ** ^(The %q option works like %s in that it substitutes a nul-terminated
   2318 ** string from the argument list.  But %q also doubles every '\'' character.
   2319 ** %q is designed for use inside a string literal.)^  By doubling each '\''
   2320 ** character it escapes that character and allows it to be inserted into
   2321 ** the string.
   2322 **
   2323 ** For example, assume the string variable zText contains text as follows:
   2324 **
   2325 ** <blockquote><pre>
   2326 **  char *zText = "It's a happy day!";
   2327 ** </pre></blockquote>
   2328 **
   2329 ** One can use this text in an SQL statement as follows:
   2330 **
   2331 ** <blockquote><pre>
   2332 **  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES('%q')", zText);
   2333 **  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
   2334 **  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
   2335 ** </pre></blockquote>
   2336 **
   2337 ** Because the %q format string is used, the '\'' character in zText
   2338 ** is escaped and the SQL generated is as follows:
   2339 **
   2340 ** <blockquote><pre>
   2341 **  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It''s a happy day!')
   2342 ** </pre></blockquote>
   2343 **
   2344 ** This is correct.  Had we used %s instead of %q, the generated SQL
   2345 ** would have looked like this:
   2346 **
   2347 ** <blockquote><pre>
   2348 **  INSERT INTO table1 VALUES('It's a happy day!');
   2349 ** </pre></blockquote>
   2350 **
   2351 ** This second example is an SQL syntax error.  As a general rule you should
   2352 ** always use %q instead of %s when inserting text into a string literal.
   2353 **
   2354 ** ^(The %Q option works like %q except it also adds single quotes around
   2355 ** the outside of the total string.  Additionally, if the parameter in the
   2356 ** argument list is a NULL pointer, %Q substitutes the text "NULL" (without
   2357 ** single quotes).)^  So, for example, one could say:
   2358 **
   2359 ** <blockquote><pre>
   2360 **  char *zSQL = sqlite3_mprintf("INSERT INTO table VALUES(%Q)", zText);
   2361 **  sqlite3_exec(db, zSQL, 0, 0, 0);
   2362 **  sqlite3_free(zSQL);
   2363 ** </pre></blockquote>
   2364 **
   2365 ** The code above will render a correct SQL statement in the zSQL
   2366 ** variable even if the zText variable is a NULL pointer.
   2367 **
   2368 ** ^(The "%w" formatting option is like "%q" except that it expects to
   2369 ** be contained within double-quotes instead of single quotes, and it
   2370 ** escapes the double-quote character instead of the single-quote
   2371 ** character.)^  The "%w" formatting option is intended for safely inserting
   2372 ** table and column names into a constructed SQL statement.
   2373 **
   2374 ** ^(The "%z" formatting option works like "%s" but with the
   2375 ** addition that after the string has been read and copied into
   2376 ** the result, [sqlite3_free()] is called on the input string.)^
   2377 */
   2378 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_mprintf(const char*,...);
   2379 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vmprintf(const char*, va_list);
   2380 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_CDECL sqlite3_snprintf(int,char*,const char*, ...);
   2381 SQLITE_API char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_vsnprintf(int,char*,const char*, va_list);
   2382 
   2383 /*
   2384 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocation Subsystem
   2385 **
   2386 ** The SQLite core uses these three routines for all of its own
   2387 ** internal memory allocation needs. "Core" in the previous sentence
   2388 ** does not include operating-system specific VFS implementation.  The
   2389 ** Windows VFS uses native malloc() and free() for some operations.
   2390 **
   2391 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc() routine returns a pointer to a block
   2392 ** of memory at least N bytes in length, where N is the parameter.
   2393 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() is unable to obtain sufficient free
   2394 ** memory, it returns a NULL pointer.  ^If the parameter N to
   2395 ** sqlite3_malloc() is zero or negative then sqlite3_malloc() returns
   2396 ** a NULL pointer.
   2397 **
   2398 ** ^The sqlite3_malloc64(N) routine works just like
   2399 ** sqlite3_malloc(N) except that N is an unsigned 64-bit integer instead
   2400 ** of a signed 32-bit integer.
   2401 **
   2402 ** ^Calling sqlite3_free() with a pointer previously returned
   2403 ** by sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc() releases that memory so
   2404 ** that it might be reused.  ^The sqlite3_free() routine is
   2405 ** a no-op if is called with a NULL pointer.  Passing a NULL pointer
   2406 ** to sqlite3_free() is harmless.  After being freed, memory
   2407 ** should neither be read nor written.  Even reading previously freed
   2408 ** memory might result in a segmentation fault or other severe error.
   2409 ** Memory corruption, a segmentation fault, or other severe error
   2410 ** might result if sqlite3_free() is called with a non-NULL pointer that
   2411 ** was not obtained from sqlite3_malloc() or sqlite3_realloc().
   2412 **
   2413 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc(X,N) interface attempts to resize a
   2414 ** prior memory allocation X to be at least N bytes.
   2415 ** ^If the X parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N)
   2416 ** is a NULL pointer then its behavior is identical to calling
   2417 ** sqlite3_malloc(N).
   2418 ** ^If the N parameter to sqlite3_realloc(X,N) is zero or
   2419 ** negative then the behavior is exactly the same as calling
   2420 ** sqlite3_free(X).
   2421 ** ^sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns a pointer to a memory allocation
   2422 ** of at least N bytes in size or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
   2423 ** ^If M is the size of the prior allocation, then min(N,M) bytes
   2424 ** of the prior allocation are copied into the beginning of buffer returned
   2425 ** by sqlite3_realloc(X,N) and the prior allocation is freed.
   2426 ** ^If sqlite3_realloc(X,N) returns NULL and N is positive, then the
   2427 ** prior allocation is not freed.
   2428 **
   2429 ** ^The sqlite3_realloc64(X,N) interfaces works the same as
   2430 ** sqlite3_realloc(X,N) except that N is a 64-bit unsigned integer instead
   2431 ** of a 32-bit signed integer.
   2432 **
   2433 ** ^If X is a memory allocation previously obtained from sqlite3_malloc(),
   2434 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), sqlite3_realloc(), or sqlite3_realloc64(), then
   2435 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns the size of that memory allocation in bytes.
   2436 ** ^The value returned by sqlite3_msize(X) might be larger than the number
   2437 ** of bytes requested when X was allocated.  ^If X is a NULL pointer then
   2438 ** sqlite3_msize(X) returns zero.  If X points to something that is not
   2439 ** the beginning of memory allocation, or if it points to a formerly
   2440 ** valid memory allocation that has now been freed, then the behavior
   2441 ** of sqlite3_msize(X) is undefined and possibly harmful.
   2442 **
   2443 ** ^The memory returned by sqlite3_malloc(), sqlite3_realloc(),
   2444 ** sqlite3_malloc64(), and sqlite3_realloc64()
   2445 ** is always aligned to at least an 8 byte boundary, or to a
   2446 ** 4 byte boundary if the [SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC] compile-time
   2447 ** option is used.
   2448 **
   2449 ** In SQLite version 3.5.0 and 3.5.1, it was possible to define
   2450 ** the SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORY_ALLOCATION which would cause the built-in
   2451 ** implementation of these routines to be omitted.  That capability
   2452 ** is no longer provided.  Only built-in memory allocators can be used.
   2453 **
   2454 ** Prior to SQLite version 3.7.10, the Windows OS interface layer called
   2455 ** the system malloc() and free() directly when converting
   2456 ** filenames between the UTF-8 encoding used by SQLite
   2457 ** and whatever filename encoding is used by the particular Windows
   2458 ** installation.  Memory allocation errors were detected, but
   2459 ** they were reported back as [SQLITE_CANTOPEN] or
   2460 ** [SQLITE_IOERR] rather than [SQLITE_NOMEM].
   2461 **
   2462 ** The pointer arguments to [sqlite3_free()] and [sqlite3_realloc()]
   2463 ** must be either NULL or else pointers obtained from a prior
   2464 ** invocation of [sqlite3_malloc()] or [sqlite3_realloc()] that have
   2465 ** not yet been released.
   2466 **
   2467 ** The application must not read or write any part of
   2468 ** a block of memory after it has been released using
   2469 ** [sqlite3_free()] or [sqlite3_realloc()].
   2470 */
   2471 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_malloc(int);
   2472 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_malloc64(sqlite3_uint64);
   2473 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_realloc(void*, int);
   2474 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_realloc64(void*, sqlite3_uint64);
   2475 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_free(void*);
   2476 SQLITE_API sqlite3_uint64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_msize(void*);
   2477 
   2478 /*
   2479 ** CAPI3REF: Memory Allocator Statistics
   2480 **
   2481 ** SQLite provides these two interfaces for reporting on the status
   2482 ** of the [sqlite3_malloc()], [sqlite3_free()], and [sqlite3_realloc()]
   2483 ** routines, which form the built-in memory allocation subsystem.
   2484 **
   2485 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_used()] routine returns the number of bytes
   2486 ** of memory currently outstanding (malloced but not freed).
   2487 ** ^The [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] routine returns the maximum
   2488 ** value of [sqlite3_memory_used()] since the high-water mark
   2489 ** was last reset.  ^The values returned by [sqlite3_memory_used()] and
   2490 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] include any overhead
   2491 ** added by SQLite in its implementation of [sqlite3_malloc()],
   2492 ** but not overhead added by the any underlying system library
   2493 ** routines that [sqlite3_malloc()] may call.
   2494 **
   2495 ** ^The memory high-water mark is reset to the current value of
   2496 ** [sqlite3_memory_used()] if and only if the parameter to
   2497 ** [sqlite3_memory_highwater()] is true.  ^The value returned
   2498 ** by [sqlite3_memory_highwater(1)] is the high-water mark
   2499 ** prior to the reset.
   2500 */
   2501 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_memory_used(void);
   2502 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_memory_highwater(int resetFlag);
   2503 
   2504 /*
   2505 ** CAPI3REF: Pseudo-Random Number Generator
   2506 **
   2507 ** SQLite contains a high-quality pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used to
   2508 ** select random [ROWID | ROWIDs] when inserting new records into a table that
   2509 ** already uses the largest possible [ROWID].  The PRNG is also used for
   2510 ** the build-in random() and randomblob() SQL functions.  This interface allows
   2511 ** applications to access the same PRNG for other purposes.
   2512 **
   2513 ** ^A call to this routine stores N bytes of randomness into buffer P.
   2514 ** ^The P parameter can be a NULL pointer.
   2515 **
   2516 ** ^If this routine has not been previously called or if the previous
   2517 ** call had N less than one or a NULL pointer for P, then the PRNG is
   2518 ** seeded using randomness obtained from the xRandomness method of
   2519 ** the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.
   2520 ** ^If the previous call to this routine had an N of 1 or more and a
   2521 ** non-NULL P then the pseudo-randomness is generated
   2522 ** internally and without recourse to the [sqlite3_vfs] xRandomness
   2523 ** method.
   2524 */
   2525 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_randomness(int N, void *P);
   2526 
   2527 /*
   2528 ** CAPI3REF: Compile-Time Authorization Callbacks
   2529 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   2530 **
   2531 ** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
   2532 ** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
   2533 ** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
   2534 ** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
   2535 ** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
   2536 ** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
   2537 ** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
   2538 ** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
   2539 ** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
   2540 ** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
   2541 ** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
   2542 ** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
   2543 ** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
   2544 ** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered
   2545 ** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
   2546 **
   2547 ** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
   2548 ** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
   2549 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or equivalent call that triggered the
   2550 ** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
   2551 ** access is denied.
   2552 **
   2553 ** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
   2554 ** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
   2555 ** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
   2556 ** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters
   2557 ** to the callback are zero-terminated strings that contain additional
   2558 ** details about the action to be authorized.
   2559 **
   2560 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_READ]
   2561 ** and the callback returns [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the
   2562 ** [prepared statement] statement is constructed to substitute
   2563 ** a NULL value in place of the table column that would have
   2564 ** been read if [SQLITE_OK] had been returned.  The [SQLITE_IGNORE]
   2565 ** return can be used to deny an untrusted user access to individual
   2566 ** columns of a table.
   2567 ** ^If the action code is [SQLITE_DELETE] and the callback returns
   2568 ** [SQLITE_IGNORE] then the [DELETE] operation proceeds but the
   2569 ** [truncate optimization] is disabled and all rows are deleted individually.
   2570 **
   2571 ** An authorizer is used when [sqlite3_prepare | preparing]
   2572 ** SQL statements from an untrusted source, to ensure that the SQL statements
   2573 ** do not try to access data they are not allowed to see, or that they do not
   2574 ** try to execute malicious statements that damage the database.  For
   2575 ** example, an application may allow a user to enter arbitrary
   2576 ** SQL queries for evaluation by a database.  But the application does
   2577 ** not want the user to be able to make arbitrary changes to the
   2578 ** database.  An authorizer could then be put in place while the
   2579 ** user-entered SQL is being [sqlite3_prepare | prepared] that
   2580 ** disallows everything except [SELECT] statements.
   2581 **
   2582 ** Applications that need to process SQL from untrusted sources
   2583 ** might also consider lowering resource limits using [sqlite3_limit()]
   2584 ** and limiting database size using the [max_page_count] [PRAGMA]
   2585 ** in addition to using an authorizer.
   2586 **
   2587 ** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
   2588 ** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
   2589 ** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
   2590 ** The authorizer is disabled by default.
   2591 **
   2592 ** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
   2593 ** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
   2594 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
   2595 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
   2596 **
   2597 ** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] is used to prepare a statement, the
   2598 ** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a
   2599 ** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
   2600 ** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
   2601 **
   2602 ** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
   2603 ** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
   2604 ** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
   2605 ** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
   2606 ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
   2607 */
   2608 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_set_authorizer(
   2609   sqlite3*,
   2610   int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
   2611   void *pUserData
   2612 );
   2613 
   2614 /*
   2615 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Return Codes
   2616 **
   2617 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer callback function] must
   2618 ** return either [SQLITE_OK] or one of these two constants in order
   2619 ** to signal SQLite whether or not the action is permitted.  See the
   2620 ** [sqlite3_set_authorizer | authorizer documentation] for additional
   2621 ** information.
   2622 **
   2623 ** Note that SQLITE_IGNORE is also used as a [conflict resolution mode]
   2624 ** returned from the [sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict()] interface.
   2625 */
   2626 #define SQLITE_DENY   1   /* Abort the SQL statement with an error */
   2627 #define SQLITE_IGNORE 2   /* Don't allow access, but don't generate an error */
   2628 
   2629 /*
   2630 ** CAPI3REF: Authorizer Action Codes
   2631 **
   2632 ** The [sqlite3_set_authorizer()] interface registers a callback function
   2633 ** that is invoked to authorize certain SQL statement actions.  The
   2634 ** second parameter to the callback is an integer code that specifies
   2635 ** what action is being authorized.  These are the integer action codes that
   2636 ** the authorizer callback may be passed.
   2637 **
   2638 ** These action code values signify what kind of operation is to be
   2639 ** authorized.  The 3rd and 4th parameters to the authorization
   2640 ** callback function will be parameters or NULL depending on which of these
   2641 ** codes is used as the second parameter.  ^(The 5th parameter to the
   2642 ** authorizer callback is the name of the database ("main", "temp",
   2643 ** etc.) if applicable.)^  ^The 6th parameter to the authorizer callback
   2644 ** is the name of the inner-most trigger or view that is responsible for
   2645 ** the access attempt or NULL if this access attempt is directly from
   2646 ** top-level SQL code.
   2647 */
   2648 /******************************************* 3rd ************ 4th ***********/
   2649 #define SQLITE_CREATE_INDEX          1   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
   2650 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TABLE          2   /* Table Name      NULL            */
   2651 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_INDEX     3   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
   2652 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TABLE     4   /* Table Name      NULL            */
   2653 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_TRIGGER   5   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
   2654 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TEMP_VIEW      6   /* View Name       NULL            */
   2655 #define SQLITE_CREATE_TRIGGER        7   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
   2656 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VIEW           8   /* View Name       NULL            */
   2657 #define SQLITE_DELETE                9   /* Table Name      NULL            */
   2658 #define SQLITE_DROP_INDEX           10   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
   2659 #define SQLITE_DROP_TABLE           11   /* Table Name      NULL            */
   2660 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_INDEX      12   /* Index Name      Table Name      */
   2661 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TABLE      13   /* Table Name      NULL            */
   2662 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_TRIGGER    14   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
   2663 #define SQLITE_DROP_TEMP_VIEW       15   /* View Name       NULL            */
   2664 #define SQLITE_DROP_TRIGGER         16   /* Trigger Name    Table Name      */
   2665 #define SQLITE_DROP_VIEW            17   /* View Name       NULL            */
   2666 #define SQLITE_INSERT               18   /* Table Name      NULL            */
   2667 #define SQLITE_PRAGMA               19   /* Pragma Name     1st arg or NULL */
   2668 #define SQLITE_READ                 20   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
   2669 #define SQLITE_SELECT               21   /* NULL            NULL            */
   2670 #define SQLITE_TRANSACTION          22   /* Operation       NULL            */
   2671 #define SQLITE_UPDATE               23   /* Table Name      Column Name     */
   2672 #define SQLITE_ATTACH               24   /* Filename        NULL            */
   2673 #define SQLITE_DETACH               25   /* Database Name   NULL            */
   2674 #define SQLITE_ALTER_TABLE          26   /* Database Name   Table Name      */
   2675 #define SQLITE_REINDEX              27   /* Index Name      NULL            */
   2676 #define SQLITE_ANALYZE              28   /* Table Name      NULL            */
   2677 #define SQLITE_CREATE_VTABLE        29   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
   2678 #define SQLITE_DROP_VTABLE          30   /* Table Name      Module Name     */
   2679 #define SQLITE_FUNCTION             31   /* NULL            Function Name   */
   2680 #define SQLITE_SAVEPOINT            32   /* Operation       Savepoint Name  */
   2681 #define SQLITE_COPY                  0   /* No longer used */
   2682 #define SQLITE_RECURSIVE            33   /* NULL            NULL            */
   2683 
   2684 /*
   2685 ** CAPI3REF: Tracing And Profiling Functions
   2686 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   2687 **
   2688 ** These routines register callback functions that can be used for
   2689 ** tracing and profiling the execution of SQL statements.
   2690 **
   2691 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_trace() is invoked at
   2692 ** various times when an SQL statement is being run by [sqlite3_step()].
   2693 ** ^The sqlite3_trace() callback is invoked with a UTF-8 rendering of the
   2694 ** SQL statement text as the statement first begins executing.
   2695 ** ^(Additional sqlite3_trace() callbacks might occur
   2696 ** as each triggered subprogram is entered.  The callbacks for triggers
   2697 ** contain a UTF-8 SQL comment that identifies the trigger.)^
   2698 **
   2699 ** The [SQLITE_TRACE_SIZE_LIMIT] compile-time option can be used to limit
   2700 ** the length of [bound parameter] expansion in the output of sqlite3_trace().
   2701 **
   2702 ** ^The callback function registered by sqlite3_profile() is invoked
   2703 ** as each SQL statement finishes.  ^The profile callback contains
   2704 ** the original statement text and an estimate of wall-clock time
   2705 ** of how long that statement took to run.  ^The profile callback
   2706 ** time is in units of nanoseconds, however the current implementation
   2707 ** is only capable of millisecond resolution so the six least significant
   2708 ** digits in the time are meaningless.  Future versions of SQLite
   2709 ** might provide greater resolution on the profiler callback.  The
   2710 ** sqlite3_profile() function is considered experimental and is
   2711 ** subject to change in future versions of SQLite.
   2712 */
   2713 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_trace(sqlite3*, void(*xTrace)(void*,const char*), void*);
   2714 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_profile(sqlite3*,
   2715    void(*xProfile)(void*,const char*,sqlite3_uint64), void*);
   2716 
   2717 /*
   2718 ** CAPI3REF: Query Progress Callbacks
   2719 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   2720 **
   2721 ** ^The sqlite3_progress_handler(D,N,X,P) interface causes the callback
   2722 ** function X to be invoked periodically during long running calls to
   2723 ** [sqlite3_exec()], [sqlite3_step()] and [sqlite3_get_table()] for
   2724 ** database connection D.  An example use for this
   2725 ** interface is to keep a GUI updated during a large query.
   2726 **
   2727 ** ^The parameter P is passed through as the only parameter to the
   2728 ** callback function X.  ^The parameter N is the approximate number of
   2729 ** [virtual machine instructions] that are evaluated between successive
   2730 ** invocations of the callback X.  ^If N is less than one then the progress
   2731 ** handler is disabled.
   2732 **
   2733 ** ^Only a single progress handler may be defined at one time per
   2734 ** [database connection]; setting a new progress handler cancels the
   2735 ** old one.  ^Setting parameter X to NULL disables the progress handler.
   2736 ** ^The progress handler is also disabled by setting N to a value less
   2737 ** than 1.
   2738 **
   2739 ** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
   2740 ** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
   2741 ** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
   2742 **
   2743 ** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
   2744 ** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
   2745 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
   2746 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
   2747 **
   2748 */
   2749 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);
   2750 
   2751 /*
   2752 ** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection
   2753 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3
   2754 **
   2755 ** ^These routines open an SQLite database file as specified by the
   2756 ** filename argument. ^The filename argument is interpreted as UTF-8 for
   2757 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() and as UTF-16 in the native byte
   2758 ** order for sqlite3_open16(). ^(A [database connection] handle is usually
   2759 ** returned in *ppDb, even if an error occurs.  The only exception is that
   2760 ** if SQLite is unable to allocate memory to hold the [sqlite3] object,
   2761 ** a NULL will be written into *ppDb instead of a pointer to the [sqlite3]
   2762 ** object.)^ ^(If the database is opened (and/or created) successfully, then
   2763 ** [SQLITE_OK] is returned.  Otherwise an [error code] is returned.)^ ^The
   2764 ** [sqlite3_errmsg()] or [sqlite3_errmsg16()] routines can be used to obtain
   2765 ** an English language description of the error following a failure of any
   2766 ** of the sqlite3_open() routines.
   2767 **
   2768 ** ^The default encoding will be UTF-8 for databases created using
   2769 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  ^The default encoding for databases
   2770 ** created using sqlite3_open16() will be UTF-16 in the native byte order.
   2771 **
   2772 ** Whether or not an error occurs when it is opened, resources
   2773 ** associated with the [database connection] handle should be released by
   2774 ** passing it to [sqlite3_close()] when it is no longer required.
   2775 **
   2776 ** The sqlite3_open_v2() interface works like sqlite3_open()
   2777 ** except that it accepts two additional parameters for additional control
   2778 ** over the new database connection.  ^(The flags parameter to
   2779 ** sqlite3_open_v2() can take one of
   2780 ** the following three values, optionally combined with the
   2781 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX], [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE],
   2782 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE], and/or [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flags:)^
   2783 **
   2784 ** <dl>
   2785 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY]</dt>
   2786 ** <dd>The database is opened in read-only mode.  If the database does not
   2787 ** already exist, an error is returned.</dd>)^
   2788 **
   2789 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE]</dt>
   2790 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing if possible, or reading
   2791 ** only if the file is write protected by the operating system.  In either
   2792 ** case the database must already exist, otherwise an error is returned.</dd>)^
   2793 **
   2794 ** ^(<dt>[SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE] | [SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE]</dt>
   2795 ** <dd>The database is opened for reading and writing, and is created if
   2796 ** it does not already exist. This is the behavior that is always used for
   2797 ** sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open16().</dd>)^
   2798 ** </dl>
   2799 **
   2800 ** If the 3rd parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is not one of the
   2801 ** combinations shown above optionally combined with other
   2802 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY | SQLITE_OPEN_* bits]
   2803 ** then the behavior is undefined.
   2804 **
   2805 ** ^If the [SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX] flag is set, then the database connection
   2806 ** opens in the multi-thread [threading mode] as long as the single-thread
   2807 ** mode has not been set at compile-time or start-time.  ^If the
   2808 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_FULLMUTEX] flag is set then the database connection opens
   2809 ** in the serialized [threading mode] unless single-thread was
   2810 ** previously selected at compile-time or start-time.
   2811 ** ^The [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE] flag causes the database connection to be
   2812 ** eligible to use [shared cache mode], regardless of whether or not shared
   2813 ** cache is enabled using [sqlite3_enable_shared_cache()].  ^The
   2814 ** [SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE] flag causes the database connection to not
   2815 ** participate in [shared cache mode] even if it is enabled.
   2816 **
   2817 ** ^The fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2() is the name of the
   2818 ** [sqlite3_vfs] object that defines the operating system interface that
   2819 ** the new database connection should use.  ^If the fourth parameter is
   2820 ** a NULL pointer then the default [sqlite3_vfs] object is used.
   2821 **
   2822 ** ^If the filename is ":memory:", then a private, temporary in-memory database
   2823 ** is created for the connection.  ^This in-memory database will vanish when
   2824 ** the database connection is closed.  Future versions of SQLite might
   2825 ** make use of additional special filenames that begin with the ":" character.
   2826 ** It is recommended that when a database filename actually does begin with
   2827 ** a ":" character you should prefix the filename with a pathname such as
   2828 ** "./" to avoid ambiguity.
   2829 **
   2830 ** ^If the filename is an empty string, then a private, temporary
   2831 ** on-disk database will be created.  ^This private database will be
   2832 ** automatically deleted as soon as the database connection is closed.
   2833 **
   2834 ** [[URI filenames in sqlite3_open()]] <h3>URI Filenames</h3>
   2835 **
   2836 ** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
   2837 ** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
   2838 ** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
   2839 ** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
   2840 ** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
   2841 ** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
   2842 ** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
   2843 ** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
   2844 ** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
   2845 ** information.
   2846 **
   2847 ** URI filenames are parsed according to RFC 3986. ^If the URI contains an
   2848 ** authority, then it must be either an empty string or the string
   2849 ** "localhost". ^If the authority is not an empty string or "localhost", an
   2850 ** error is returned to the caller. ^The fragment component of a URI, if
   2851 ** present, is ignored.
   2852 **
   2853 ** ^SQLite uses the path component of the URI as the name of the disk file
   2854 ** which contains the database. ^If the path begins with a '/' character,
   2855 ** then it is interpreted as an absolute path. ^If the path does not begin
   2856 ** with a '/' (meaning that the authority section is omitted from the URI)
   2857 ** then the path is interpreted as a relative path.
   2858 ** ^(On windows, the first component of an absolute path
   2859 ** is a drive specification (e.g. "C:").)^
   2860 **
   2861 ** [[core URI query parameters]]
   2862 ** The query component of a URI may contain parameters that are interpreted
   2863 ** either by SQLite itself, or by a [VFS | custom VFS implementation].
   2864 ** SQLite and its built-in [VFSes] interpret the
   2865 ** following query parameters:
   2866 **
   2867 ** <ul>
   2868 **   <li> <b>vfs</b>: ^The "vfs" parameter may be used to specify the name of
   2869 **     a VFS object that provides the operating system interface that should
   2870 **     be used to access the database file on disk. ^If this option is set to
   2871 **     an empty string the default VFS object is used. ^Specifying an unknown
   2872 **     VFS is an error. ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the vfs option is
   2873 **     present, then the VFS specified by the option takes precedence over
   2874 **     the value passed as the fourth parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
   2875 **
   2876 **   <li> <b>mode</b>: ^(The mode parameter may be set to either "ro", "rw",
   2877 **     "rwc", or "memory". Attempting to set it to any other value is
   2878 **     an error)^.
   2879 **     ^If "ro" is specified, then the database is opened for read-only
   2880 **     access, just as if the [SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY] flag had been set in the
   2881 **     third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(). ^If the mode option is set to
   2882 **     "rw", then the database is opened for read-write (but not create)
   2883 **     access, as if SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE (but not SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE) had
   2884 **     been set. ^Value "rwc" is equivalent to setting both
   2885 **     SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE and SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE.  ^If the mode option is
   2886 **     set to "memory" then a pure [in-memory database] that never reads
   2887 **     or writes from disk is used. ^It is an error to specify a value for
   2888 **     the mode parameter that is less restrictive than that specified by
   2889 **     the flags passed in the third parameter to sqlite3_open_v2().
   2890 **
   2891 **   <li> <b>cache</b>: ^The cache parameter may be set to either "shared" or
   2892 **     "private". ^Setting it to "shared" is equivalent to setting the
   2893 **     SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE bit in the flags argument passed to
   2894 **     sqlite3_open_v2(). ^Setting the cache parameter to "private" is
   2895 **     equivalent to setting the SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE bit.
   2896 **     ^If sqlite3_open_v2() is used and the "cache" parameter is present in
   2897 **     a URI filename, its value overrides any behavior requested by setting
   2898 **     SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE or SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE flag.
   2899 **
   2900 **  <li> <b>psow</b>: ^The psow parameter indicates whether or not the
   2901 **     [powersafe overwrite] property does or does not apply to the
   2902 **     storage media on which the database file resides.
   2903 **
   2904 **  <li> <b>nolock</b>: ^The nolock parameter is a boolean query parameter
   2905 **     which if set disables file locking in rollback journal modes.  This
   2906 **     is useful for accessing a database on a filesystem that does not
   2907 **     support locking.  Caution:  Database corruption might result if two
   2908 **     or more processes write to the same database and any one of those
   2909 **     processes uses nolock=1.
   2910 **
   2911 **  <li> <b>immutable</b>: ^The immutable parameter is a boolean query
   2912 **     parameter that indicates that the database file is stored on
   2913 **     read-only media.  ^When immutable is set, SQLite assumes that the
   2914 **     database file cannot be changed, even by a process with higher
   2915 **     privilege, and so the database is opened read-only and all locking
   2916 **     and change detection is disabled.  Caution: Setting the immutable
   2917 **     property on a database file that does in fact change can result
   2918 **     in incorrect query results and/or [SQLITE_CORRUPT] errors.
   2919 **     See also: [SQLITE_IOCAP_IMMUTABLE].
   2920 **
   2921 ** </ul>
   2922 **
   2923 ** ^Specifying an unknown parameter in the query component of a URI is not an
   2924 ** error.  Future versions of SQLite might understand additional query
   2925 ** parameters.  See "[query parameters with special meaning to SQLite]" for
   2926 ** additional information.
   2927 **
   2928 ** [[URI filename examples]] <h3>URI filename examples</h3>
   2929 **
   2930 ** <table border="1" align=center cellpadding=5>
   2931 ** <tr><th> URI filenames <th> Results
   2932 ** <tr><td> file:data.db <td>
   2933 **          Open the file "data.db" in the current directory.
   2934 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db<br>
   2935 **          file:///home/fred/data.db <br>
   2936 **          file://localhost/home/fred/data.db <br> <td>
   2937 **          Open the database file "/home/fred/data.db".
   2938 ** <tr><td> file://darkstar/home/fred/data.db <td>
   2939 **          An error. "darkstar" is not a recognized authority.
   2940 ** <tr><td style="white-space:nowrap">
   2941 **          file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/fred/Desktop/data.db
   2942 **     <td> Windows only: Open the file "data.db" on fred's desktop on drive
   2943 **          C:. Note that the %20 escaping in this example is not strictly
   2944 **          necessary - space characters can be used literally
   2945 **          in URI filenames.
   2946 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=ro&cache=private <td>
   2947 **          Open file "data.db" in the current directory for read-only access.
   2948 **          Regardless of whether or not shared-cache mode is enabled by
   2949 **          default, use a private cache.
   2950 ** <tr><td> file:/home/fred/data.db?vfs=unix-dotfile <td>
   2951 **          Open file "/home/fred/data.db". Use the special VFS "unix-dotfile"
   2952 **          that uses dot-files in place of posix advisory locking.
   2953 ** <tr><td> file:data.db?mode=readonly <td>
   2954 **          An error. "readonly" is not a valid option for the "mode" parameter.
   2955 ** </table>
   2956 **
   2957 ** ^URI hexadecimal escape sequences (%HH) are supported within the path and
   2958 ** query components of a URI. A hexadecimal escape sequence consists of a
   2959 ** percent sign - "%" - followed by exactly two hexadecimal digits
   2960 ** specifying an octet value. ^Before the path or query components of a
   2961 ** URI filename are interpreted, they are encoded using UTF-8 and all
   2962 ** hexadecimal escape sequences replaced by a single byte containing the
   2963 ** corresponding octet. If this process generates an invalid UTF-8 encoding,
   2964 ** the results are undefined.
   2965 **
   2966 ** <b>Note to Windows users:</b>  The encoding used for the filename argument
   2967 ** of sqlite3_open() and sqlite3_open_v2() must be UTF-8, not whatever
   2968 ** codepage is currently defined.  Filenames containing international
   2969 ** characters must be converted to UTF-8 prior to passing them into
   2970 ** sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().
   2971 **
   2972 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
   2973 ** prior to calling sqlite3_open() or sqlite3_open_v2().  Otherwise, various
   2974 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.
   2975 **
   2976 ** See also: [sqlite3_temp_directory]
   2977 */
   2978 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_open(
   2979   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
   2980   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
   2981 );
   2982 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_open16(
   2983   const void *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-16) */
   2984   sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
   2985 );
   2986 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_open_v2(
   2987   const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
   2988   sqlite3 **ppDb,         /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
   2989   int flags,              /* Flags */
   2990   const char *zVfs        /* Name of VFS module to use */
   2991 );
   2992 
   2993 /*
   2994 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Values For URI Parameters
   2995 **
   2996 ** These are utility routines, useful to VFS implementations, that check
   2997 ** to see if a database file was a URI that contained a specific query
   2998 ** parameter, and if so obtains the value of that query parameter.
   2999 **
   3000 ** If F is the database filename pointer passed into the xOpen() method of
   3001 ** a VFS implementation when the flags parameter to xOpen() has one or
   3002 ** more of the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] or [SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB] bits set and
   3003 ** P is the name of the query parameter, then
   3004 ** sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns the value of the P
   3005 ** parameter if it exists or a NULL pointer if P does not appear as a
   3006 ** query parameter on F.  If P is a query parameter of F
   3007 ** has no explicit value, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns
   3008 ** a pointer to an empty string.
   3009 **
   3010 ** The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine assumes that P is a boolean
   3011 ** parameter and returns true (1) or false (0) according to the value
   3012 ** of P.  The sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routine returns true (1) if the
   3013 ** value of query parameter P is one of "yes", "true", or "on" in any
   3014 ** case or if the value begins with a non-zero number.  The
   3015 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) routines returns false (0) if the value of
   3016 ** query parameter P is one of "no", "false", or "off" in any case or
   3017 ** if the value begins with a numeric zero.  If P is not a query
   3018 ** parameter on F or if the value of P is does not match any of the
   3019 ** above, then sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns (B!=0).
   3020 **
   3021 ** The sqlite3_uri_int64(F,P,D) routine converts the value of P into a
   3022 ** 64-bit signed integer and returns that integer, or D if P does not
   3023 ** exist.  If the value of P is something other than an integer, then
   3024 ** zero is returned.
   3025 **
   3026 ** If F is a NULL pointer, then sqlite3_uri_parameter(F,P) returns NULL and
   3027 ** sqlite3_uri_boolean(F,P,B) returns B.  If F is not a NULL pointer and
   3028 ** is not a database file pathname pointer that SQLite passed into the xOpen
   3029 ** VFS method, then the behavior of this routine is undefined and probably
   3030 ** undesirable.
   3031 */
   3032 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_uri_parameter(const char *zFilename, const char *zParam);
   3033 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_uri_boolean(const char *zFile, const char *zParam, int bDefault);
   3034 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_uri_int64(const char*, const char*, sqlite3_int64);
   3035 
   3036 
   3037 /*
   3038 ** CAPI3REF: Error Codes And Messages
   3039 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   3040 **
   3041 ** ^If the most recent sqlite3_* API call associated with
   3042 ** [database connection] D failed, then the sqlite3_errcode(D) interface
   3043 ** returns the numeric [result code] or [extended result code] for that
   3044 ** API call.
   3045 ** If the most recent API call was successful,
   3046 ** then the return value from sqlite3_errcode() is undefined.
   3047 ** ^The sqlite3_extended_errcode()
   3048 ** interface is the same except that it always returns the
   3049 ** [extended result code] even when extended result codes are
   3050 ** disabled.
   3051 **
   3052 ** ^The sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errmsg16() return English-language
   3053 ** text that describes the error, as either UTF-8 or UTF-16 respectively.
   3054 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally.
   3055 ** The application does not need to worry about freeing the result.
   3056 ** However, the error string might be overwritten or deallocated by
   3057 ** subsequent calls to other SQLite interface functions.)^
   3058 **
   3059 ** ^The sqlite3_errstr() interface returns the English-language text
   3060 ** that describes the [result code], as UTF-8.
   3061 ** ^(Memory to hold the error message string is managed internally
   3062 ** and must not be freed by the application)^.
   3063 **
   3064 ** When the serialized [threading mode] is in use, it might be the
   3065 ** case that a second error occurs on a separate thread in between
   3066 ** the time of the first error and the call to these interfaces.
   3067 ** When that happens, the second error will be reported since these
   3068 ** interfaces always report the most recent result.  To avoid
   3069 ** this, each thread can obtain exclusive use of the [database connection] D
   3070 ** by invoking [sqlite3_mutex_enter]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) before beginning
   3071 ** to use D and invoking [sqlite3_mutex_leave]([sqlite3_db_mutex](D)) after
   3072 ** all calls to the interfaces listed here are completed.
   3073 **
   3074 ** If an interface fails with SQLITE_MISUSE, that means the interface
   3075 ** was invoked incorrectly by the application.  In that case, the
   3076 ** error code and message may or may not be set.
   3077 */
   3078 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
   3079 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_extended_errcode(sqlite3 *db);
   3080 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*);
   3081 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errmsg16(sqlite3*);
   3082 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_errstr(int);
   3083 
   3084 /*
   3085 ** CAPI3REF: Prepared Statement Object
   3086 ** KEYWORDS: {prepared statement} {prepared statements}
   3087 **
   3088 ** An instance of this object represents a single SQL statement that
   3089 ** has been compiled into binary form and is ready to be evaluated.
   3090 **
   3091 ** Think of each SQL statement as a separate computer program.  The
   3092 ** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object
   3093 ** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
   3094 ** prepared statement before it can be run.
   3095 **
   3096 ** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
   3097 **
   3098 ** <ol>
   3099 ** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].
   3100 ** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
   3101 **      interfaces.
   3102 ** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
   3103 ** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
   3104 **      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
   3105 ** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
   3106 ** </ol>
   3107 */
   3108 typedef struct sqlite3_stmt sqlite3_stmt;
   3109 
   3110 /*
   3111 ** CAPI3REF: Run-time Limits
   3112 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   3113 **
   3114 ** ^(This interface allows the size of various constructs to be limited
   3115 ** on a connection by connection basis.  The first parameter is the
   3116 ** [database connection] whose limit is to be set or queried.  The
   3117 ** second parameter is one of the [limit categories] that define a
   3118 ** class of constructs to be size limited.  The third parameter is the
   3119 ** new limit for that construct.)^
   3120 **
   3121 ** ^If the new limit is a negative number, the limit is unchanged.
   3122 ** ^(For each limit category SQLITE_LIMIT_<i>NAME</i> there is a
   3123 ** [limits | hard upper bound]
   3124 ** set at compile-time by a C preprocessor macro called
   3125 ** [limits | SQLITE_MAX_<i>NAME</i>].
   3126 ** (The "_LIMIT_" in the name is changed to "_MAX_".))^
   3127 ** ^Attempts to increase a limit above its hard upper bound are
   3128 ** silently truncated to the hard upper bound.
   3129 **
   3130 ** ^Regardless of whether or not the limit was changed, the
   3131 ** [sqlite3_limit()] interface returns the prior value of the limit.
   3132 ** ^Hence, to find the current value of a limit without changing it,
   3133 ** simply invoke this interface with the third parameter set to -1.
   3134 **
   3135 ** Run-time limits are intended for use in applications that manage
   3136 ** both their own internal database and also databases that are controlled
   3137 ** by untrusted external sources.  An example application might be a
   3138 ** web browser that has its own databases for storing history and
   3139 ** separate databases controlled by JavaScript applications downloaded
   3140 ** off the Internet.  The internal databases can be given the
   3141 ** large, default limits.  Databases managed by external sources can
   3142 ** be given much smaller limits designed to prevent a denial of service
   3143 ** attack.  Developers might also want to use the [sqlite3_set_authorizer()]
   3144 ** interface to further control untrusted SQL.  The size of the database
   3145 ** created by an untrusted script can be contained using the
   3146 ** [max_page_count] [PRAGMA].
   3147 **
   3148 ** New run-time limit categories may be added in future releases.
   3149 */
   3150 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_limit(sqlite3*, int id, int newVal);
   3151 
   3152 /*
   3153 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Limit Categories
   3154 ** KEYWORDS: {limit category} {*limit categories}
   3155 **
   3156 ** These constants define various performance limits
   3157 ** that can be lowered at run-time using [sqlite3_limit()].
   3158 ** The synopsis of the meanings of the various limits is shown below.
   3159 ** Additional information is available at [limits | Limits in SQLite].
   3160 **
   3161 ** <dl>
   3162 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH</dt>
   3163 ** <dd>The maximum size of any string or BLOB or table row, in bytes.<dd>)^
   3164 **
   3165 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH</dt>
   3166 ** <dd>The maximum length of an SQL statement, in bytes.</dd>)^
   3167 **
   3168 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN</dt>
   3169 ** <dd>The maximum number of columns in a table definition or in the
   3170 ** result set of a [SELECT] or the maximum number of columns in an index
   3171 ** or in an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause.</dd>)^
   3172 **
   3173 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH</dt>
   3174 ** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
   3175 **
   3176 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
   3177 ** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
   3178 **
   3179 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
   3180 ** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
   3181 ** used to implement an SQL statement.  This limit is not currently
   3182 ** enforced, though that might be added in some future release of
   3183 ** SQLite.</dd>)^
   3184 **
   3185 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
   3186 ** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
   3187 **
   3188 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>
   3189 ** <dd>The maximum number of [ATTACH | attached databases].)^</dd>
   3190 **
   3191 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH]]
   3192 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH</dt>
   3193 ** <dd>The maximum length of the pattern argument to the [LIKE] or
   3194 ** [GLOB] operators.</dd>)^
   3195 **
   3196 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER]]
   3197 ** ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER</dt>
   3198 ** <dd>The maximum index number of any [parameter] in an SQL statement.)^
   3199 **
   3200 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH</dt>
   3201 ** <dd>The maximum depth of recursion for triggers.</dd>)^
   3202 **
   3203 ** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS</dt>
   3204 ** <dd>The maximum number of auxiliary worker threads that a single
   3205 ** [prepared statement] may start.</dd>)^
   3206 ** </dl>
   3207 */
   3208 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH                    0
   3209 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH                1
   3210 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN                    2
   3211 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_EXPR_DEPTH                3
   3212 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT           4
   3213 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP                   5
   3214 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
   3215 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
   3216 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
   3217 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
   3218 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
   3219 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
   3220 
   3221 /*
   3222 ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
   3223 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
   3224 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   3225 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
   3226 **
   3227 ** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
   3228 ** program using one of these routines.
   3229 **
   3230 ** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
   3231 ** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
   3232 ** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
   3233 **
   3234 ** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
   3235 ** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
   3236 ** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
   3237 ** use UTF-16.
   3238 **
   3239 ** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
   3240 ** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
   3241 ** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
   3242 ** statement is generated.
   3243 ** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
   3244 ** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that
   3245 ** is the number of bytes in the input string <i>including</i>
   3246 ** the nul-terminator.
   3247 **
   3248 ** ^If pzTail is not NULL then *pzTail is made to point to the first byte
   3249 ** past the end of the first SQL statement in zSql.  These routines only
   3250 ** compile the first statement in zSql, so *pzTail is left pointing to
   3251 ** what remains uncompiled.
   3252 **
   3253 ** ^*ppStmt is left pointing to a compiled [prepared statement] that can be
   3254 ** executed using [sqlite3_step()].  ^If there is an error, *ppStmt is set
   3255 ** to NULL.  ^If the input text contains no SQL (if the input is an empty
   3256 ** string or a comment) then *ppStmt is set to NULL.
   3257 ** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
   3258 ** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
   3259 ** ppStmt may not be NULL.
   3260 **
   3261 ** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
   3262 ** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
   3263 **
   3264 ** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
   3265 ** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
   3266 ** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
   3267 ** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
   3268 ** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
   3269 ** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
   3270 ** behave differently in three ways:
   3271 **
   3272 ** <ol>
   3273 ** <li>
   3274 ** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it
   3275 ** always used to do, [sqlite3_step()] will automatically recompile the SQL
   3276 ** statement and try to run it again. As many as [SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY]
   3277 ** retries will occur before sqlite3_step() gives up and returns an error.
   3278 ** </li>
   3279 **
   3280 ** <li>
   3281 ** ^When an error occurs, [sqlite3_step()] will return one of the detailed
   3282 ** [error codes] or [extended error codes].  ^The legacy behavior was that
   3283 ** [sqlite3_step()] would only return a generic [SQLITE_ERROR] result code
   3284 ** and the application would have to make a second call to [sqlite3_reset()]
   3285 ** in order to find the underlying cause of the problem. With the "v2" prepare
   3286 ** interfaces, the underlying reason for the error is returned immediately.
   3287 ** </li>
   3288 **
   3289 ** <li>
   3290 ** ^If the specific value bound to [parameter | host parameter] in the
   3291 ** WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan for a statement,
   3292 ** then the statement will be automatically recompiled, as if there had been
   3293 ** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
   3294 ** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter].
   3295 ** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the
   3296 ** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
   3297 ** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
   3298 ** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
   3299 ** </li>
   3300 ** </ol>
   3301 */
   3302 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare(
   3303   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
   3304   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
   3305   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
   3306   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
   3307   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
   3308 );
   3309 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare_v2(
   3310   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
   3311   const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
   3312   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
   3313   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
   3314   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
   3315 );
   3316 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare16(
   3317   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
   3318   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
   3319   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
   3320   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
   3321   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
   3322 );
   3323 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
   3324   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
   3325   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
   3326   int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
   3327   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
   3328   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
   3329 );
   3330 
   3331 /*
   3332 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
   3333 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
   3334 **
   3335 ** ^This interface can be used to retrieve a saved copy of the original
   3336 ** SQL text used to create a [prepared statement] if that statement was
   3337 ** compiled using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
   3338 */
   3339 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_sql(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
   3340 
   3341 /*
   3342 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If An SQL Statement Writes The Database
   3343 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
   3344 **
   3345 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_readonly(X) interface returns true (non-zero) if
   3346 ** and only if the [prepared statement] X makes no direct changes to
   3347 ** the content of the database file.
   3348 **
   3349 ** Note that [application-defined SQL functions] or
   3350 ** [virtual tables] might change the database indirectly as a side effect.
   3351 ** ^(For example, if an application defines a function "eval()" that
   3352 ** calls [sqlite3_exec()], then the following SQL statement would
   3353 ** change the database file through side-effects:
   3354 **
   3355 ** <blockquote><pre>
   3356 **    SELECT eval('DELETE FROM t1') FROM t2;
   3357 ** </pre></blockquote>
   3358 **
   3359 ** But because the [SELECT] statement does not change the database file
   3360 ** directly, sqlite3_stmt_readonly() would still return true.)^
   3361 **
   3362 ** ^Transaction control statements such as [BEGIN], [COMMIT], [ROLLBACK],
   3363 ** [SAVEPOINT], and [RELEASE] cause sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true,
   3364 ** since the statements themselves do not actually modify the database but
   3365 ** rather they control the timing of when other statements modify the
   3366 ** database.  ^The [ATTACH] and [DETACH] statements also cause
   3367 ** sqlite3_stmt_readonly() to return true since, while those statements
   3368 ** change the configuration of a database connection, they do not make
   3369 ** changes to the content of the database files on disk.
   3370 */
   3371 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_readonly(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
   3372 
   3373 /*
   3374 ** CAPI3REF: Determine If A Prepared Statement Has Been Reset
   3375 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
   3376 **
   3377 ** ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S) interface returns true (non-zero) if the
   3378 ** [prepared statement] S has been stepped at least once using
   3379 ** [sqlite3_step(S)] but has neither run to completion (returned
   3380 ** [SQLITE_DONE] from [sqlite3_step(S)]) nor
   3381 ** been reset using [sqlite3_reset(S)].  ^The sqlite3_stmt_busy(S)
   3382 ** interface returns false if S is a NULL pointer.  If S is not a
   3383 ** NULL pointer and is not a pointer to a valid [prepared statement]
   3384 ** object, then the behavior is undefined and probably undesirable.
   3385 **
   3386 ** This interface can be used in combination [sqlite3_next_stmt()]
   3387 ** to locate all prepared statements associated with a database
   3388 ** connection that are in need of being reset.  This can be used,
   3389 ** for example, in diagnostic routines to search for prepared
   3390 ** statements that are holding a transaction open.
   3391 */
   3392 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_stmt_busy(sqlite3_stmt*);
   3393 
   3394 /*
   3395 ** CAPI3REF: Dynamically Typed Value Object
   3396 ** KEYWORDS: {protected sqlite3_value} {unprotected sqlite3_value}
   3397 **
   3398 ** SQLite uses the sqlite3_value object to represent all values
   3399 ** that can be stored in a database table. SQLite uses dynamic typing
   3400 ** for the values it stores.  ^Values stored in sqlite3_value objects
   3401 ** can be integers, floating point values, strings, BLOBs, or NULL.
   3402 **
   3403 ** An sqlite3_value object may be either "protected" or "unprotected".
   3404 ** Some interfaces require a protected sqlite3_value.  Other interfaces
   3405 ** will accept either a protected or an unprotected sqlite3_value.
   3406 ** Every interface that accepts sqlite3_value arguments specifies
   3407 ** whether or not it requires a protected sqlite3_value.  The
   3408 ** [sqlite3_value_dup()] interface can be used to construct a new
   3409 ** protected sqlite3_value from an unprotected sqlite3_value.
   3410 **
   3411 ** The terms "protected" and "unprotected" refer to whether or not
   3412 ** a mutex is held.  An internal mutex is held for a protected
   3413 ** sqlite3_value object but no mutex is held for an unprotected
   3414 ** sqlite3_value object.  If SQLite is compiled to be single-threaded
   3415 ** (with [SQLITE_THREADSAFE=0] and with [sqlite3_threadsafe()] returning 0)
   3416 ** or if SQLite is run in one of reduced mutex modes
   3417 ** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SINGLETHREAD] or [SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD]
   3418 ** then there is no distinction between protected and unprotected
   3419 ** sqlite3_value objects and they can be used interchangeably.  However,
   3420 ** for maximum code portability it is recommended that applications
   3421 ** still make the distinction between protected and unprotected
   3422 ** sqlite3_value objects even when not strictly required.
   3423 **
   3424 ** ^The sqlite3_value objects that are passed as parameters into the
   3425 ** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
   3426 ** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
   3427 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
   3428 ** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
   3429 ** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
   3430 ** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
   3431 ** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
   3432 */
   3433 typedef struct Mem sqlite3_value;
   3434 
   3435 /*
   3436 ** CAPI3REF: SQL Function Context Object
   3437 **
   3438 ** The context in which an SQL function executes is stored in an
   3439 ** sqlite3_context object.  ^A pointer to an sqlite3_context object
   3440 ** is always first parameter to [application-defined SQL functions].
   3441 ** The application-defined SQL function implementation will pass this
   3442 ** pointer through into calls to [sqlite3_result_int | sqlite3_result()],
   3443 ** [sqlite3_aggregate_context()], [sqlite3_user_data()],
   3444 ** [sqlite3_context_db_handle()], [sqlite3_get_auxdata()],
   3445 ** and/or [sqlite3_set_auxdata()].
   3446 */
   3447 typedef struct sqlite3_context sqlite3_context;
   3448 
   3449 /*
   3450 ** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
   3451 ** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
   3452 ** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
   3453 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
   3454 **
   3455 ** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and its variants,
   3456 ** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
   3457 ** templates:
   3458 **
   3459 ** <ul>
   3460 ** <li>  ?
   3461 ** <li>  ?NNN
   3462 ** <li>  :VVV
   3463 ** <li>  @VVV
   3464 ** <li>  $VVV
   3465 ** </ul>
   3466 **
   3467 ** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
   3468 ** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
   3469 ** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
   3470 ** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
   3471 **
   3472 ** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
   3473 ** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
   3474 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or its variants.
   3475 **
   3476 ** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
   3477 ** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
   3478 ** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
   3479 ** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
   3480 ** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
   3481 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index
   3482 ** for "?NNN" parameters is the value of NNN.
   3483 ** ^The NNN value must be between 1 and the [sqlite3_limit()]
   3484 ** parameter [SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER] (default value: 999).
   3485 **
   3486 ** ^The third argument is the value to bind to the parameter.
   3487 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
   3488 ** or sqlite3_bind_blob() is a NULL pointer then the fourth parameter
   3489 ** is ignored and the end result is the same as sqlite3_bind_null().
   3490 **
   3491 ** ^(In those routines that have a fourth argument, its value is the
   3492 ** number of bytes in the parameter.  To be clear: the value is the
   3493 ** number of <u>bytes</u> in the value, not the number of characters.)^
   3494 ** ^If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_text() or sqlite3_bind_text16()
   3495 ** is negative, then the length of the string is
   3496 ** the number of bytes up to the first zero terminator.
   3497 ** If the fourth parameter to sqlite3_bind_blob() is negative, then
   3498 ** the behavior is undefined.
   3499 ** If a non-negative fourth parameter is provided to sqlite3_bind_text()
   3500 ** or sqlite3_bind_text16() or sqlite3_bind_text64() then
   3501 ** that parameter must be the byte offset
   3502 ** where the NUL terminator would occur assuming the string were NUL
   3503 ** terminated.  If any NUL characters occur at byte offsets less than
   3504 ** the value of the fourth parameter then the resulting string value will
   3505 ** contain embedded NULs.  The result of expressions involving strings
   3506 ** with embedded NULs is undefined.
   3507 **
   3508 ** ^The fifth argument to the BLOB and string binding interfaces
   3509 ** is a destructor used to dispose of the BLOB or
   3510 ** string after SQLite has finished with it.  ^The destructor is called
   3511 ** to dispose of the BLOB or string even if the call to bind API fails.
   3512 ** ^If the fifth argument is
   3513 ** the special value [SQLITE_STATIC], then SQLite assumes that the
   3514 ** information is in static, unmanaged space and does not need to be freed.
   3515 ** ^If the fifth argument has the value [SQLITE_TRANSIENT], then
   3516 ** SQLite makes its own private copy of the data immediately, before
   3517 ** the sqlite3_bind_*() routine returns.
   3518 **
   3519 ** ^The sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() must be one of
   3520 ** [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE]
   3521 ** to specify the encoding of the text in the third parameter.  If
   3522 ** the sixth argument to sqlite3_bind_text64() is not one of the
   3523 ** allowed values shown above, or if the text encoding is different
   3524 ** from the encoding specified by the sixth parameter, then the behavior
   3525 ** is undefined.
   3526 **
   3527 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_zeroblob() routine binds a BLOB of length N that
   3528 ** is filled with zeroes.  ^A zeroblob uses a fixed amount of memory
   3529 ** (just an integer to hold its size) while it is being processed.
   3530 ** Zeroblobs are intended to serve as placeholders for BLOBs whose
   3531 ** content is later written using
   3532 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
   3533 ** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
   3534 **
   3535 ** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
   3536 ** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
   3537 ** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
   3538 ** then the call will return [SQLITE_MISUSE].  If any sqlite3_bind_()
   3539 ** routine is passed a [prepared statement] that has been finalized, the
   3540 ** result is undefined and probably harmful.
   3541 **
   3542 ** ^Bindings are not cleared by the [sqlite3_reset()] routine.
   3543 ** ^Unbound parameters are interpreted as NULL.
   3544 **
   3545 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_* routines return [SQLITE_OK] on success or an
   3546 ** [error code] if anything goes wrong.
   3547 ** ^[SQLITE_TOOBIG] might be returned if the size of a string or BLOB
   3548 ** exceeds limits imposed by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH]) or
   3549 ** [SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH].
   3550 ** ^[SQLITE_RANGE] is returned if the parameter
   3551 ** index is out of range.  ^[SQLITE_NOMEM] is returned if malloc() fails.
   3552 **
   3553 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()],
   3554 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
   3555 */
   3556 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int n, void(*)(void*));
   3557 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_blob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, sqlite3_uint64,
   3558                         void(*)(void*));
   3559 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int, double);
   3560 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int);
   3561 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_int64);
   3562 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_null(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
   3563 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_text(sqlite3_stmt*,int,const char*,int,void(*)(void*));
   3564 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
   3565 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
   3566                          void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
   3567 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
   3568 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
   3569 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
   3570 
   3571 /*
   3572 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of SQL Parameters
   3573 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
   3574 **
   3575 ** ^This routine can be used to find the number of [SQL parameters]
   3576 ** in a [prepared statement].  SQL parameters are tokens of the
   3577 ** form "?", "?NNN", ":AAA", "$AAA", or "@AAA" that serve as
   3578 ** placeholders for values that are [sqlite3_bind_blob | bound]
   3579 ** to the parameters at a later time.
   3580 **
   3581 ** ^(This routine actually returns the index of the largest (rightmost)
   3582 ** parameter. For all forms except ?NNN, this will correspond to the
   3583 ** number of unique parameters.  If parameters of the ?NNN form are used,
   3584 ** there may be gaps in the list.)^
   3585 **
   3586 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
   3587 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()], and
   3588 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
   3589 */
   3590 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(sqlite3_stmt*);
   3591 
   3592 /*
   3593 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of A Host Parameter
   3594 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
   3595 **
   3596 ** ^The sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(P,N) interface returns
   3597 ** the name of the N-th [SQL parameter] in the [prepared statement] P.
   3598 ** ^(SQL parameters of the form "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
   3599 ** have a name which is the string "?NNN" or ":AAA" or "@AAA" or "$AAA"
   3600 ** respectively.
   3601 ** In other words, the initial ":" or "$" or "@" or "?"
   3602 ** is included as part of the name.)^
   3603 ** ^Parameters of the form "?" without a following integer have no name
   3604 ** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
   3605 **
   3606 ** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
   3607 **
   3608 ** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
   3609 ** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
   3610 ** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
   3611 ** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
   3612 ** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
   3613 **
   3614 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
   3615 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
   3616 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
   3617 */
   3618 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);
   3619 
   3620 /*
   3621 ** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
   3622 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
   3623 **
   3624 ** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
   3625 ** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
   3626 ** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
   3627 ** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
   3628 ** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
   3629 ** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
   3630 **
   3631 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
   3632 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
   3633 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
   3634 */
   3635 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);
   3636 
   3637 /*
   3638 ** CAPI3REF: Reset All Bindings On A Prepared Statement
   3639 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
   3640 **
   3641 ** ^Contrary to the intuition of many, [sqlite3_reset()] does not reset
   3642 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | bindings] on a [prepared statement].
   3643 ** ^Use this routine to reset all host parameters to NULL.
   3644 */
   3645 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_clear_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*);
   3646 
   3647 /*
   3648 ** CAPI3REF: Number Of Columns In A Result Set
   3649 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
   3650 **
   3651 ** ^Return the number of columns in the result set returned by the
   3652 ** [prepared statement]. ^This routine returns 0 if pStmt is an SQL
   3653 ** statement that does not return data (for example an [UPDATE]).
   3654 **
   3655 ** See also: [sqlite3_data_count()]
   3656 */
   3657 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
   3658 
   3659 /*
   3660 ** CAPI3REF: Column Names In A Result Set
   3661 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
   3662 **
   3663 ** ^These routines return the name assigned to a particular column
   3664 ** in the result set of a [SELECT] statement.  ^The sqlite3_column_name()
   3665 ** interface returns a pointer to a zero-terminated UTF-8 string
   3666 ** and sqlite3_column_name16() returns a pointer to a zero-terminated
   3667 ** UTF-16 string.  ^The first parameter is the [prepared statement]
   3668 ** that implements the [SELECT] statement. ^The second parameter is the
   3669 ** column number.  ^The leftmost column is number 0.
   3670 **
   3671 ** ^The returned string pointer is valid until either the [prepared statement]
   3672 ** is destroyed by [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
   3673 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
   3674 ** or until the next call to
   3675 ** sqlite3_column_name() or sqlite3_column_name16() on the same column.
   3676 **
   3677 ** ^If sqlite3_malloc() fails during the processing of either routine
   3678 ** (for example during a conversion from UTF-8 to UTF-16) then a
   3679 ** NULL pointer is returned.
   3680 **
   3681 ** ^The name of a result column is the value of the "AS" clause for
   3682 ** that column, if there is an AS clause.  If there is no AS clause
   3683 ** then the name of the column is unspecified and may change from
   3684 ** one release of SQLite to the next.
   3685 */
   3686 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
   3687 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_name16(sqlite3_stmt*, int N);
   3688 
   3689 /*
   3690 ** CAPI3REF: Source Of Data In A Query Result
   3691 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
   3692 **
   3693 ** ^These routines provide a means to determine the database, table, and
   3694 ** table column that is the origin of a particular result column in
   3695 ** [SELECT] statement.
   3696 ** ^The name of the database or table or column can be returned as
   3697 ** either a UTF-8 or UTF-16 string.  ^The _database_ routines return
   3698 ** the database name, the _table_ routines return the table name, and
   3699 ** the origin_ routines return the column name.
   3700 ** ^The returned string is valid until the [prepared statement] is destroyed
   3701 ** using [sqlite3_finalize()] or until the statement is automatically
   3702 ** reprepared by the first call to [sqlite3_step()] for a particular run
   3703 ** or until the same information is requested
   3704 ** again in a different encoding.
   3705 **
   3706 ** ^The names returned are the original un-aliased names of the
   3707 ** database, table, and column.
   3708 **
   3709 ** ^The first argument to these interfaces is a [prepared statement].
   3710 ** ^These functions return information about the Nth result column returned by
   3711 ** the statement, where N is the second function argument.
   3712 ** ^The left-most column is column 0 for these routines.
   3713 **
   3714 ** ^If the Nth column returned by the statement is an expression or
   3715 ** subquery and is not a column value, then all of these functions return
   3716 ** NULL.  ^These routine might also return NULL if a memory allocation error
   3717 ** occurs.  ^Otherwise, they return the name of the attached database, table,
   3718 ** or column that query result column was extracted from.
   3719 **
   3720 ** ^As with all other SQLite APIs, those whose names end with "16" return
   3721 ** UTF-16 encoded strings and the other functions return UTF-8.
   3722 **
   3723 ** ^These APIs are only available if the library was compiled with the
   3724 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA] C-preprocessor symbol.
   3725 **
   3726 ** If two or more threads call one or more of these routines against the same
   3727 ** prepared statement and column at the same time then the results are
   3728 ** undefined.
   3729 **
   3730 ** If two or more threads call one or more
   3731 ** [sqlite3_column_database_name | column metadata interfaces]
   3732 ** for the same [prepared statement] and result column
   3733 ** at the same time then the results are undefined.
   3734 */
   3735 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_database_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
   3736 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_database_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
   3737 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_table_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
   3738 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_table_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
   3739 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_origin_name(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
   3740 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_origin_name16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
   3741 
   3742 /*
   3743 ** CAPI3REF: Declared Datatype Of A Query Result
   3744 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
   3745 **
   3746 ** ^(The first parameter is a [prepared statement].
   3747 ** If this statement is a [SELECT] statement and the Nth column of the
   3748 ** returned result set of that [SELECT] is a table column (not an
   3749 ** expression or subquery) then the declared type of the table
   3750 ** column is returned.)^  ^If the Nth column of the result set is an
   3751 ** expression or subquery, then a NULL pointer is returned.
   3752 ** ^The returned string is always UTF-8 encoded.
   3753 **
   3754 ** ^(For example, given the database schema:
   3755 **
   3756 ** CREATE TABLE t1(c1 VARIANT);
   3757 **
   3758 ** and the following statement to be compiled:
   3759 **
   3760 ** SELECT c1 + 1, c1 FROM t1;
   3761 **
   3762 ** this routine would return the string "VARIANT" for the second result
   3763 ** column (i==1), and a NULL pointer for the first result column (i==0).)^
   3764 **
   3765 ** ^SQLite uses dynamic run-time typing.  ^So just because a column
   3766 ** is declared to contain a particular type does not mean that the
   3767 ** data stored in that column is of the declared type.  SQLite is
   3768 ** strongly typed, but the typing is dynamic not static.  ^Type
   3769 ** is associated with individual values, not with the containers
   3770 ** used to hold those values.
   3771 */
   3772 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
   3773 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
   3774 
   3775 /*
   3776 ** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
   3777 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
   3778 **
   3779 ** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
   3780 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
   3781 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
   3782 ** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
   3783 **
   3784 ** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
   3785 ** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
   3786 ** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
   3787 ** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
   3788 ** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
   3789 ** interface will continue to be supported.
   3790 **
   3791 ** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
   3792 ** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
   3793 ** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
   3794 ** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
   3795 **
   3796 ** ^[SQLITE_BUSY] means that the database engine was unable to acquire the
   3797 ** database locks it needs to do its job.  ^If the statement is a [COMMIT]
   3798 ** or occurs outside of an explicit transaction, then you can retry the
   3799 ** statement.  If the statement is not a [COMMIT] and occurs within an
   3800 ** explicit transaction then you should rollback the transaction before
   3801 ** continuing.
   3802 **
   3803 ** ^[SQLITE_DONE] means that the statement has finished executing
   3804 ** successfully.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on this virtual
   3805 ** machine without first calling [sqlite3_reset()] to reset the virtual
   3806 ** machine back to its initial state.
   3807 **
   3808 ** ^If the SQL statement being executed returns any data, then [SQLITE_ROW]
   3809 ** is returned each time a new row of data is ready for processing by the
   3810 ** caller. The values may be accessed using the [column access functions].
   3811 ** sqlite3_step() is called again to retrieve the next row of data.
   3812 **
   3813 ** ^[SQLITE_ERROR] means that a run-time error (such as a constraint
   3814 ** violation) has occurred.  sqlite3_step() should not be called again on
   3815 ** the VM. More information may be found by calling [sqlite3_errmsg()].
   3816 ** ^With the legacy interface, a more specific error code (for example,
   3817 ** [SQLITE_INTERRUPT], [SQLITE_SCHEMA], [SQLITE_CORRUPT], and so forth)
   3818 ** can be obtained by calling [sqlite3_reset()] on the
   3819 ** [prepared statement].  ^In the "v2" interface,
   3820 ** the more specific error code is returned directly by sqlite3_step().
   3821 **
   3822 ** [SQLITE_MISUSE] means that the this routine was called inappropriately.
   3823 ** Perhaps it was called on a [prepared statement] that has
   3824 ** already been [sqlite3_finalize | finalized] or on one that had
   3825 ** previously returned [SQLITE_ERROR] or [SQLITE_DONE].  Or it could
   3826 ** be the case that the same database connection is being used by two or
   3827 ** more threads at the same moment in time.
   3828 **
   3829 ** For all versions of SQLite up to and including 3.6.23.1, a call to
   3830 ** [sqlite3_reset()] was required after sqlite3_step() returned anything
   3831 ** other than [SQLITE_ROW] before any subsequent invocation of
   3832 ** sqlite3_step().  Failure to reset the prepared statement using
   3833 ** [sqlite3_reset()] would result in an [SQLITE_MISUSE] return from
   3834 ** sqlite3_step().  But after version 3.6.23.1, sqlite3_step() began
   3835 ** calling [sqlite3_reset()] automatically in this circumstance rather
   3836 ** than returning [SQLITE_MISUSE].  This is not considered a compatibility
   3837 ** break because any application that ever receives an SQLITE_MISUSE error
   3838 ** is broken by definition.  The [SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET] compile-time option
   3839 ** can be used to restore the legacy behavior.
   3840 **
   3841 ** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
   3842 ** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
   3843 ** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
   3844 ** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
   3845 ** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
   3846 ** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
   3847 ** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
   3848 ** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
   3849 ** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
   3850 ** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
   3851 ** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
   3852 */
   3853 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
   3854 
   3855 /*
   3856 ** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
   3857 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
   3858 **
   3859 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) interface returns the number of columns in the
   3860 ** current row of the result set of [prepared statement] P.
   3861 ** ^If prepared statement P does not have results ready to return
   3862 ** (via calls to the [sqlite3_column_int | sqlite3_column_*()] of
   3863 ** interfaces) then sqlite3_data_count(P) returns 0.
   3864 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine also returns 0 if P is a NULL pointer.
   3865 ** ^The sqlite3_data_count(P) routine returns 0 if the previous call to
   3866 ** [sqlite3_step](P) returned [SQLITE_DONE].  ^The sqlite3_data_count(P)
   3867 ** will return non-zero if previous call to [sqlite3_step](P) returned
   3868 ** [SQLITE_ROW], except in the case of the [PRAGMA incremental_vacuum]
   3869 ** where it always returns zero since each step of that multi-step
   3870 ** pragma returns 0 columns of data.
   3871 **
   3872 ** See also: [sqlite3_column_count()]
   3873 */
   3874 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_data_count(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
   3875 
   3876 /*
   3877 ** CAPI3REF: Fundamental Datatypes
   3878 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TEXT
   3879 **
   3880 ** ^(Every value in SQLite has one of five fundamental datatypes:
   3881 **
   3882 ** <ul>
   3883 ** <li> 64-bit signed integer
   3884 ** <li> 64-bit IEEE floating point number
   3885 ** <li> string
   3886 ** <li> BLOB
   3887 ** <li> NULL
   3888 ** </ul>)^
   3889 **
   3890 ** These constants are codes for each of those types.
   3891 **
   3892 ** Note that the SQLITE_TEXT constant was also used in SQLite version 2
   3893 ** for a completely different meaning.  Software that links against both
   3894 ** SQLite version 2 and SQLite version 3 should use SQLITE3_TEXT, not
   3895 ** SQLITE_TEXT.
   3896 */
   3897 #define SQLITE_INTEGER  1
   3898 #define SQLITE_FLOAT    2
   3899 #define SQLITE_BLOB     4
   3900 #define SQLITE_NULL     5
   3901 #ifdef SQLITE_TEXT
   3902 # undef SQLITE_TEXT
   3903 #else
   3904 # define SQLITE_TEXT     3
   3905 #endif
   3906 #define SQLITE3_TEXT     3
   3907 
   3908 /*
   3909 ** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
   3910 ** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
   3911 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
   3912 **
   3913 ** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
   3914 ** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
   3915 ** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
   3916 ** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or one of its variants)
   3917 ** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
   3918 ** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
   3919 ** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
   3920 ** [sqlite3_column_count()].
   3921 **
   3922 ** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
   3923 ** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
   3924 ** These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
   3925 ** [sqlite3_step()] has returned [SQLITE_ROW] and neither
   3926 ** [sqlite3_reset()] nor [sqlite3_finalize()] have been called subsequently.
   3927 ** If any of these routines are called after [sqlite3_reset()] or
   3928 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] or after [sqlite3_step()] has returned
   3929 ** something other than [SQLITE_ROW], the results are undefined.
   3930 ** If [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()]
   3931 ** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
   3932 ** are pending, then the results are undefined.
   3933 **
   3934 ** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
   3935 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
   3936 ** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
   3937 ** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
   3938 ** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
   3939 ** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
   3940 ** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
   3941 ** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
   3942 ** following a type conversion.
   3943 **
   3944 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
   3945 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
   3946 ** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
   3947 ** the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
   3948 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
   3949 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns
   3950 ** the number of bytes in that string.
   3951 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
   3952 **
   3953 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
   3954 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
   3955 ** ^If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
   3956 ** the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
   3957 ** ^If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
   3958 ** [sqlite3_snprintf()] to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns
   3959 ** the number of bytes in that string.
   3960 ** ^If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
   3961 **
   3962 ** ^The values returned by [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and
   3963 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] do not include the zero terminators at the end
   3964 ** of the string.  ^For clarity: the values returned by
   3965 ** [sqlite3_column_bytes()] and [sqlite3_column_bytes16()] are the number of
   3966 ** bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
   3967 **
   3968 ** ^Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
   3969 ** even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.  ^The return
   3970 ** value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB is a NULL pointer.
   3971 **
   3972 ** <b>Warning:</b> ^The object returned by [sqlite3_column_value()] is an
   3973 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object.  In a multithreaded environment,
   3974 ** an unprotected sqlite3_value object may only be used safely with
   3975 ** [sqlite3_bind_value()] and [sqlite3_result_value()].
   3976 ** If the [unprotected sqlite3_value] object returned by
   3977 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
   3978 ** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
   3979 ** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
   3980 **
   3981 ** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
   3982 ** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
   3983 ** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
   3984 ** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
   3985 ** that are applied:
   3986 **
   3987 ** <blockquote>
   3988 ** <table border="1">
   3989 ** <tr><th> Internal<br>Type <th> Requested<br>Type <th>  Conversion
   3990 **
   3991 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td> INTEGER   <td> Result is 0
   3992 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>  FLOAT    <td> Result is 0.0
   3993 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   TEXT    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
   3994 ** <tr><td>  NULL    <td>   BLOB    <td> Result is a NULL pointer
   3995 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>  FLOAT    <td> Convert from integer to float
   3996 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the integer
   3997 ** <tr><td> INTEGER  <td>   BLOB    <td> Same as INTEGER->TEXT
   3998 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
   3999 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   TEXT    <td> ASCII rendering of the float
   4000 ** <tr><td>  FLOAT   <td>   BLOB    <td> [CAST] to BLOB
   4001 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
   4002 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
   4003 ** <tr><td>  TEXT    <td>   BLOB    <td> No change
   4004 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td> INTEGER   <td> [CAST] to INTEGER
   4005 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>  FLOAT    <td> [CAST] to REAL
   4006 ** <tr><td>  BLOB    <td>   TEXT    <td> Add a zero terminator if needed
   4007 ** </table>
   4008 ** </blockquote>)^
   4009 **
   4010 ** Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior
   4011 ** calls to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or
   4012 ** sqlite3_column_text16() may be invalidated.
   4013 ** Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur
   4014 ** in the following cases:
   4015 **
   4016 ** <ul>
   4017 ** <li> The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or
   4018 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  A zero-terminator might
   4019 **      need to be added to the string.</li>
   4020 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or
   4021 **      sqlite3_column_text16() is called.  The content must be converted
   4022 **      to UTF-16.</li>
   4023 ** <li> The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or
   4024 **      sqlite3_column_text() is called.  The content must be converted
   4025 **      to UTF-8.</li>
   4026 ** </ul>
   4027 **
   4028 ** ^Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place and do
   4029 ** not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content of the buffer
   4030 ** that the prior pointer references will have been modified.  Other kinds
   4031 ** of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but sometimes they
   4032 ** are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are invalidated.
   4033 **
   4034 ** The safest policy is to invoke these routines
   4035 ** in one of the following ways:
   4036 **
   4037 ** <ul>
   4038 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
   4039 **  <li>sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()</li>
   4040 **  <li>sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()</li>
   4041 ** </ul>
   4042 **
   4043 ** In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(),
   4044 ** sqlite3_column_blob(), or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result
   4045 ** into the desired format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or
   4046 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16() to find the size of the result.  Do not mix calls
   4047 ** to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob() with calls to
   4048 ** sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
   4049 ** with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
   4050 **
   4051 ** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
   4052 ** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
   4053 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
   4054 ** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <em>not</em> pass the pointers returned
   4055 ** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
   4056 ** [sqlite3_free()].
   4057 **
   4058 ** ^(If a memory allocation error occurs during the evaluation of any
   4059 ** of these routines, a default value is returned.  The default value
   4060 ** is either the integer 0, the floating point number 0.0, or a NULL
   4061 ** pointer.  Subsequent calls to [sqlite3_errcode()] will return
   4062 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
   4063 */
   4064 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
   4065 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
   4066 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
   4067 SQLITE_API double SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
   4068 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
   4069 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
   4070 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
   4071 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
   4072 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
   4073 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
   4074 
   4075 /*
   4076 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
   4077 ** DESTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
   4078 **
   4079 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize() function is called to delete a [prepared statement].
   4080 ** ^If the most recent evaluation of the statement encountered no errors
   4081 ** or if the statement is never been evaluated, then sqlite3_finalize() returns
   4082 ** SQLITE_OK.  ^If the most recent evaluation of statement S failed, then
   4083 ** sqlite3_finalize(S) returns the appropriate [error code] or
   4084 ** [extended error code].
   4085 **
   4086 ** ^The sqlite3_finalize(S) routine can be called at any point during
   4087 ** the life cycle of [prepared statement] S:
   4088 ** before statement S is ever evaluated, after
   4089 ** one or more calls to [sqlite3_reset()], or after any call
   4090 ** to [sqlite3_step()] regardless of whether or not the statement has
   4091 ** completed execution.
   4092 **
   4093 ** ^Invoking sqlite3_finalize() on a NULL pointer is a harmless no-op.
   4094 **
   4095 ** The application must finalize every [prepared statement] in order to avoid
   4096 ** resource leaks.  It is a grievous error for the application to try to use
   4097 ** a prepared statement after it has been finalized.  Any use of a prepared
   4098 ** statement after it has been finalized can result in undefined and
   4099 ** undesirable behavior such as segfaults and heap corruption.
   4100 */
   4101 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_finalize(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
   4102 
   4103 /*
   4104 ** CAPI3REF: Reset A Prepared Statement Object
   4105 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
   4106 **
   4107 ** The sqlite3_reset() function is called to reset a [prepared statement]
   4108 ** object back to its initial state, ready to be re-executed.
   4109 ** ^Any SQL statement variables that had values bound to them using
   4110 ** the [sqlite3_bind_blob | sqlite3_bind_*() API] retain their values.
   4111 ** Use [sqlite3_clear_bindings()] to reset the bindings.
   4112 **
   4113 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface resets the [prepared statement] S
   4114 ** back to the beginning of its program.
   4115 **
   4116 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
   4117 ** [prepared statement] S returned [SQLITE_ROW] or [SQLITE_DONE],
   4118 ** or if [sqlite3_step(S)] has never before been called on S,
   4119 ** then [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns [SQLITE_OK].
   4120 **
   4121 ** ^If the most recent call to [sqlite3_step(S)] for the
   4122 ** [prepared statement] S indicated an error, then
   4123 ** [sqlite3_reset(S)] returns an appropriate [error code].
   4124 **
   4125 ** ^The [sqlite3_reset(S)] interface does not change the values
   4126 ** of any [sqlite3_bind_blob|bindings] on the [prepared statement] S.
   4127 */
   4128 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_reset(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
   4129 
   4130 /*
   4131 ** CAPI3REF: Create Or Redefine SQL Functions
   4132 ** KEYWORDS: {function creation routines}
   4133 ** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL function}
   4134 ** KEYWORDS: {application-defined SQL functions}
   4135 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   4136 **
   4137 ** ^These functions (collectively known as "function creation routines")
   4138 ** are used to add SQL functions or aggregates or to redefine the behavior
   4139 ** of existing SQL functions or aggregates.  The only differences between
   4140 ** these routines are the text encoding expected for
   4141 ** the second parameter (the name of the function being created)
   4142 ** and the presence or absence of a destructor callback for
   4143 ** the application data pointer.
   4144 **
   4145 ** ^The first parameter is the [database connection] to which the SQL
   4146 ** function is to be added.  ^If an application uses more than one database
   4147 ** connection then application-defined SQL functions must be added
   4148 ** to each database connection separately.
   4149 **
   4150 ** ^The second parameter is the name of the SQL function to be created or
   4151 ** redefined.  ^The length of the name is limited to 255 bytes in a UTF-8
   4152 ** representation, exclusive of the zero-terminator.  ^Note that the name
   4153 ** length limit is in UTF-8 bytes, not characters nor UTF-16 bytes.
   4154 ** ^Any attempt to create a function with a longer name
   4155 ** will result in [SQLITE_MISUSE] being returned.
   4156 **
   4157 ** ^The third parameter (nArg)
   4158 ** is the number of arguments that the SQL function or
   4159 ** aggregate takes. ^If this parameter is -1, then the SQL function or
   4160 ** aggregate may take any number of arguments between 0 and the limit
   4161 ** set by [sqlite3_limit]([SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]).  If the third
   4162 ** parameter is less than -1 or greater than 127 then the behavior is
   4163 ** undefined.
   4164 **
   4165 ** ^The fourth parameter, eTextRep, specifies what
   4166 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | text encoding] this SQL function prefers for
   4167 ** its parameters.  The application should set this parameter to
   4168 ** [SQLITE_UTF16LE] if the function implementation invokes
   4169 ** [sqlite3_value_text16le()] on an input, or [SQLITE_UTF16BE] if the
   4170 ** implementation invokes [sqlite3_value_text16be()] on an input, or
   4171 ** [SQLITE_UTF16] if [sqlite3_value_text16()] is used, or [SQLITE_UTF8]
   4172 ** otherwise.  ^The same SQL function may be registered multiple times using
   4173 ** different preferred text encodings, with different implementations for
   4174 ** each encoding.
   4175 ** ^When multiple implementations of the same function are available, SQLite
   4176 ** will pick the one that involves the least amount of data conversion.
   4177 **
   4178 ** ^The fourth parameter may optionally be ORed with [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC]
   4179 ** to signal that the function will always return the same result given
   4180 ** the same inputs within a single SQL statement.  Most SQL functions are
   4181 ** deterministic.  The built-in [random()] SQL function is an example of a
   4182 ** function that is not deterministic.  The SQLite query planner is able to
   4183 ** perform additional optimizations on deterministic functions, so use
   4184 ** of the [SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC] flag is recommended where possible.
   4185 **
   4186 ** ^(The fifth parameter is an arbitrary pointer.  The implementation of the
   4187 ** function can gain access to this pointer using [sqlite3_user_data()].)^
   4188 **
   4189 ** ^The sixth, seventh and eighth parameters, xFunc, xStep and xFinal, are
   4190 ** pointers to C-language functions that implement the SQL function or
   4191 ** aggregate. ^A scalar SQL function requires an implementation of the xFunc
   4192 ** callback only; NULL pointers must be passed as the xStep and xFinal
   4193 ** parameters. ^An aggregate SQL function requires an implementation of xStep
   4194 ** and xFinal and NULL pointer must be passed for xFunc. ^To delete an existing
   4195 ** SQL function or aggregate, pass NULL pointers for all three function
   4196 ** callbacks.
   4197 **
   4198 ** ^(If the ninth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2() is not NULL,
   4199 ** then it is destructor for the application data pointer.
   4200 ** The destructor is invoked when the function is deleted, either by being
   4201 ** overloaded or when the database connection closes.)^
   4202 ** ^The destructor is also invoked if the call to
   4203 ** sqlite3_create_function_v2() fails.
   4204 ** ^When the destructor callback of the tenth parameter is invoked, it
   4205 ** is passed a single argument which is a copy of the application data
   4206 ** pointer which was the fifth parameter to sqlite3_create_function_v2().
   4207 **
   4208 ** ^It is permitted to register multiple implementations of the same
   4209 ** functions with the same name but with either differing numbers of
   4210 ** arguments or differing preferred text encodings.  ^SQLite will use
   4211 ** the implementation that most closely matches the way in which the
   4212 ** SQL function is used.  ^A function implementation with a non-negative
   4213 ** nArg parameter is a better match than a function implementation with
   4214 ** a negative nArg.  ^A function where the preferred text encoding
   4215 ** matches the database encoding is a better
   4216 ** match than a function where the encoding is different.
   4217 ** ^A function where the encoding difference is between UTF16le and UTF16be
   4218 ** is a closer match than a function where the encoding difference is
   4219 ** between UTF8 and UTF16.
   4220 **
   4221 ** ^Built-in functions may be overloaded by new application-defined functions.
   4222 **
   4223 ** ^An application-defined function is permitted to call other
   4224 ** SQLite interfaces.  However, such calls must not
   4225 ** close the database connection nor finalize or reset the prepared
   4226 ** statement in which the function is running.
   4227 */
   4228 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_function(
   4229   sqlite3 *db,
   4230   const char *zFunctionName,
   4231   int nArg,
   4232   int eTextRep,
   4233   void *pApp,
   4234   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
   4235   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
   4236   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
   4237 );
   4238 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_function16(
   4239   sqlite3 *db,
   4240   const void *zFunctionName,
   4241   int nArg,
   4242   int eTextRep,
   4243   void *pApp,
   4244   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
   4245   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
   4246   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*)
   4247 );
   4248 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_function_v2(
   4249   sqlite3 *db,
   4250   const char *zFunctionName,
   4251   int nArg,
   4252   int eTextRep,
   4253   void *pApp,
   4254   void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
   4255   void (*xStep)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
   4256   void (*xFinal)(sqlite3_context*),
   4257   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
   4258 );
   4259 
   4260 /*
   4261 ** CAPI3REF: Text Encodings
   4262 **
   4263 ** These constant define integer codes that represent the various
   4264 ** text encodings supported by SQLite.
   4265 */
   4266 #define SQLITE_UTF8           1    /* IMP: R-37514-35566 */
   4267 #define SQLITE_UTF16LE        2    /* IMP: R-03371-37637 */
   4268 #define SQLITE_UTF16BE        3    /* IMP: R-51971-34154 */
   4269 #define SQLITE_UTF16          4    /* Use native byte order */
   4270 #define SQLITE_ANY            5    /* Deprecated */
   4271 #define SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED  8    /* sqlite3_create_collation only */
   4272 
   4273 /*
   4274 ** CAPI3REF: Function Flags
   4275 **
   4276 ** These constants may be ORed together with the
   4277 ** [SQLITE_UTF8 | preferred text encoding] as the fourth argument
   4278 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()], [sqlite3_create_function16()], or
   4279 ** [sqlite3_create_function_v2()].
   4280 */
   4281 #define SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC    0x800
   4282 
   4283 /*
   4284 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Functions
   4285 ** DEPRECATED
   4286 **
   4287 ** These functions are [deprecated].  In order to maintain
   4288 ** backwards compatibility with older code, these functions continue
   4289 ** to be supported.  However, new applications should avoid
   4290 ** the use of these functions.  To encourage programmers to avoid
   4291 ** these functions, we will not explain what they do.
   4292 */
   4293 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
   4294 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_aggregate_count(sqlite3_context*);
   4295 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_expired(sqlite3_stmt*);
   4296 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt*, sqlite3_stmt*);
   4297 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_global_recover(void);
   4298 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_thread_cleanup(void);
   4299 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_memory_alarm(void(*)(void*,sqlite3_int64,int),
   4300                       void*,sqlite3_int64);
   4301 #endif
   4302 
   4303 /*
   4304 ** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
   4305 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
   4306 **
   4307 ** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
   4308 ** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
   4309 ** the function or aggregate.
   4310 **
   4311 ** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
   4312 ** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
   4313 ** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
   4314 ** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
   4315 ** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
   4316 ** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
   4317 ** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
   4318 **
   4319 ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
   4320 ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
   4321 ** object results in undefined behavior.
   4322 **
   4323 ** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
   4324 ** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
   4325 ** pointer instead of a [sqlite3_stmt*] pointer and an integer column number.
   4326 **
   4327 ** ^The sqlite3_value_text16() interface extracts a UTF-16 string
   4328 ** in the native byte-order of the host machine.  ^The
   4329 ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
   4330 ** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
   4331 **
   4332 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
   4333 ** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
   4334 ** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
   4335 ** such a conversion is possible without loss of information (in other
   4336 ** words, if the value is a string that looks like a number)
   4337 ** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
   4338 ** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
   4339 **
   4340 ** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
   4341 ** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
   4342 ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
   4343 ** [sqlite3_value_bytes()], [sqlite3_value_bytes16()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
   4344 ** or [sqlite3_value_text16()].
   4345 **
   4346 ** These routines must be called from the same thread as
   4347 ** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
   4348 */
   4349 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
   4350 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
   4351 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
   4352 SQLITE_API double SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
   4353 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
   4354 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
   4355 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
   4356 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
   4357 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
   4358 SQLITE_API const void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
   4359 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
   4360 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
   4361 
   4362 /*
   4363 ** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
   4364 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
   4365 **
   4366 ** The sqlite3_value_subtype(V) function returns the subtype for
   4367 ** an [application-defined SQL function] argument V.  The subtype
   4368 ** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
   4369 ** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
   4370 ** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
   4371 **
   4372 ** SQLite makes no use of subtype itself.  It merely passes the subtype
   4373 ** from the result of one [application-defined SQL function] into the
   4374 ** input of another.
   4375 */
   4376 SQLITE_API unsigned int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
   4377 
   4378 /*
   4379 ** CAPI3REF: Copy And Free SQL Values
   4380 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
   4381 **
   4382 ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
   4383 ** object D and returns a pointer to that copy.  ^The [sqlite3_value] returned
   4384 ** is a [protected sqlite3_value] object even if the input is not.
   4385 ** ^The sqlite3_value_dup(V) interface returns NULL if V is NULL or if a
   4386 ** memory allocation fails.
   4387 **
   4388 ** ^The sqlite3_value_free(V) interface frees an [sqlite3_value] object
   4389 ** previously obtained from [sqlite3_value_dup()].  ^If V is a NULL pointer
   4390 ** then sqlite3_value_free(V) is a harmless no-op.
   4391 */
   4392 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL sqlite3_value *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value*);
   4393 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_value_free(sqlite3_value*);
   4394 
   4395 /*
   4396 ** CAPI3REF: Obtain Aggregate Function Context
   4397 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
   4398 **
   4399 ** Implementations of aggregate SQL functions use this
   4400 ** routine to allocate memory for storing their state.
   4401 **
   4402 ** ^The first time the sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine is called
   4403 ** for a particular aggregate function, SQLite
   4404 ** allocates N of memory, zeroes out that memory, and returns a pointer
   4405 ** to the new memory. ^On second and subsequent calls to
   4406 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() for the same aggregate function instance,
   4407 ** the same buffer is returned.  Sqlite3_aggregate_context() is normally
   4408 ** called once for each invocation of the xStep callback and then one
   4409 ** last time when the xFinal callback is invoked.  ^(When no rows match
   4410 ** an aggregate query, the xStep() callback of the aggregate function
   4411 ** implementation is never called and xFinal() is called exactly once.
   4412 ** In those cases, sqlite3_aggregate_context() might be called for the
   4413 ** first time from within xFinal().)^
   4414 **
   4415 ** ^The sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) routine returns a NULL pointer
   4416 ** when first called if N is less than or equal to zero or if a memory
   4417 ** allocate error occurs.
   4418 **
   4419 ** ^(The amount of space allocated by sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) is
   4420 ** determined by the N parameter on first successful call.  Changing the
   4421 ** value of N in subsequent call to sqlite3_aggregate_context() within
   4422 ** the same aggregate function instance will not resize the memory
   4423 ** allocation.)^  Within the xFinal callback, it is customary to set
   4424 ** N=0 in calls to sqlite3_aggregate_context(C,N) so that no
   4425 ** pointless memory allocations occur.
   4426 **
   4427 ** ^SQLite automatically frees the memory allocated by
   4428 ** sqlite3_aggregate_context() when the aggregate query concludes.
   4429 **
   4430 ** The first parameter must be a copy of the
   4431 ** [sqlite3_context | SQL function context] that is the first parameter
   4432 ** to the xStep or xFinal callback routine that implements the aggregate
   4433 ** function.
   4434 **
   4435 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
   4436 ** the aggregate SQL function is running.
   4437 */
   4438 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_aggregate_context(sqlite3_context*, int nBytes);
   4439 
   4440 /*
   4441 ** CAPI3REF: User Data For Functions
   4442 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
   4443 **
   4444 ** ^The sqlite3_user_data() interface returns a copy of
   4445 ** the pointer that was the pUserData parameter (the 5th parameter)
   4446 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
   4447 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
   4448 ** registered the application defined function.
   4449 **
   4450 ** This routine must be called from the same thread in which
   4451 ** the application-defined function is running.
   4452 */
   4453 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_user_data(sqlite3_context*);
   4454 
   4455 /*
   4456 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection For Functions
   4457 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
   4458 **
   4459 ** ^The sqlite3_context_db_handle() interface returns a copy of
   4460 ** the pointer to the [database connection] (the 1st parameter)
   4461 ** of the [sqlite3_create_function()]
   4462 ** and [sqlite3_create_function16()] routines that originally
   4463 ** registered the application defined function.
   4464 */
   4465 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_context_db_handle(sqlite3_context*);
   4466 
   4467 /*
   4468 ** CAPI3REF: Function Auxiliary Data
   4469 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
   4470 **
   4471 ** These functions may be used by (non-aggregate) SQL functions to
   4472 ** associate metadata with argument values. If the same value is passed to
   4473 ** multiple invocations of the same SQL function during query execution, under
   4474 ** some circumstances the associated metadata may be preserved.  An example
   4475 ** of where this might be useful is in a regular-expression matching
   4476 ** function. The compiled version of the regular expression can be stored as
   4477 ** metadata associated with the pattern string.
   4478 ** Then as long as the pattern string remains the same,
   4479 ** the compiled regular expression can be reused on multiple
   4480 ** invocations of the same function.
   4481 **
   4482 ** ^The sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface returns a pointer to the metadata
   4483 ** associated by the sqlite3_set_auxdata() function with the Nth argument
   4484 ** value to the application-defined function. ^If there is no metadata
   4485 ** associated with the function argument, this sqlite3_get_auxdata() interface
   4486 ** returns a NULL pointer.
   4487 **
   4488 ** ^The sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) interface saves P as metadata for the N-th
   4489 ** argument of the application-defined function.  ^Subsequent
   4490 ** calls to sqlite3_get_auxdata(C,N) return P from the most recent
   4491 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) call if the metadata is still valid or
   4492 ** NULL if the metadata has been discarded.
   4493 ** ^After each call to sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) where X is not NULL,
   4494 ** SQLite will invoke the destructor function X with parameter P exactly
   4495 ** once, when the metadata is discarded.
   4496 ** SQLite is free to discard the metadata at any time, including: <ul>
   4497 ** <li> when the corresponding function parameter changes, or
   4498 ** <li> when [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] is called for the
   4499 **      SQL statement, or
   4500 ** <li> when sqlite3_set_auxdata() is invoked again on the same parameter, or
   4501 ** <li> during the original sqlite3_set_auxdata() call when a memory
   4502 **      allocation error occurs. </ul>)^
   4503 **
   4504 ** Note the last bullet in particular.  The destructor X in
   4505 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata(C,N,P,X) might be called immediately, before the
   4506 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() interface even returns.  Hence sqlite3_set_auxdata()
   4507 ** should be called near the end of the function implementation and the
   4508 ** function implementation should not make any use of P after
   4509 ** sqlite3_set_auxdata() has been called.
   4510 **
   4511 ** ^(In practice, metadata is preserved between function calls for
   4512 ** function parameters that are compile-time constants, including literal
   4513 ** values and [parameters] and expressions composed from the same.)^
   4514 **
   4515 ** These routines must be called from the same thread in which
   4516 ** the SQL function is running.
   4517 */
   4518 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_get_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N);
   4519 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_set_auxdata(sqlite3_context*, int N, void*, void (*)(void*));
   4520 
   4521 
   4522 /*
   4523 ** CAPI3REF: Constants Defining Special Destructor Behavior
   4524 **
   4525 ** These are special values for the destructor that is passed in as the
   4526 ** final argument to routines like [sqlite3_result_blob()].  ^If the destructor
   4527 ** argument is SQLITE_STATIC, it means that the content pointer is constant
   4528 ** and will never change.  It does not need to be destroyed.  ^The
   4529 ** SQLITE_TRANSIENT value means that the content will likely change in
   4530 ** the near future and that SQLite should make its own private copy of
   4531 ** the content before returning.
   4532 **
   4533 ** The typedef is necessary to work around problems in certain
   4534 ** C++ compilers.
   4535 */
   4536 typedef void (*sqlite3_destructor_type)(void*);
   4537 #define SQLITE_STATIC      ((sqlite3_destructor_type)0)
   4538 #define SQLITE_TRANSIENT   ((sqlite3_destructor_type)-1)
   4539 
   4540 /*
   4541 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Result Of An SQL Function
   4542 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
   4543 **
   4544 ** These routines are used by the xFunc or xFinal callbacks that
   4545 ** implement SQL functions and aggregates.  See
   4546 ** [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
   4547 ** for additional information.
   4548 **
   4549 ** These functions work very much like the [parameter binding] family of
   4550 ** functions used to bind values to host parameters in prepared statements.
   4551 ** Refer to the [SQL parameter] documentation for additional information.
   4552 **
   4553 ** ^The sqlite3_result_blob() interface sets the result from
   4554 ** an application-defined function to be the BLOB whose content is pointed
   4555 ** to by the second parameter and which is N bytes long where N is the
   4556 ** third parameter.
   4557 **
   4558 ** ^The sqlite3_result_zeroblob(C,N) and sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(C,N)
   4559 ** interfaces set the result of the application-defined function to be
   4560 ** a BLOB containing all zero bytes and N bytes in size.
   4561 **
   4562 ** ^The sqlite3_result_double() interface sets the result from
   4563 ** an application-defined function to be a floating point value specified
   4564 ** by its 2nd argument.
   4565 **
   4566 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16() functions
   4567 ** cause the implemented SQL function to throw an exception.
   4568 ** ^SQLite uses the string pointed to by the
   4569 ** 2nd parameter of sqlite3_result_error() or sqlite3_result_error16()
   4570 ** as the text of an error message.  ^SQLite interprets the error
   4571 ** message string from sqlite3_result_error() as UTF-8. ^SQLite
   4572 ** interprets the string from sqlite3_result_error16() as UTF-16 in native
   4573 ** byte order.  ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error()
   4574 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() is negative then SQLite takes as the error
   4575 ** message all text up through the first zero character.
   4576 ** ^If the third parameter to sqlite3_result_error() or
   4577 ** sqlite3_result_error16() is non-negative then SQLite takes that many
   4578 ** bytes (not characters) from the 2nd parameter as the error message.
   4579 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error() and sqlite3_result_error16()
   4580 ** routines make a private copy of the error message text before
   4581 ** they return.  Hence, the calling function can deallocate or
   4582 ** modify the text after they return without harm.
   4583 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_code() function changes the error code
   4584 ** returned by SQLite as a result of an error in a function.  ^By default,
   4585 ** the error code is SQLITE_ERROR.  ^A subsequent call to sqlite3_result_error()
   4586 ** or sqlite3_result_error16() resets the error code to SQLITE_ERROR.
   4587 **
   4588 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_toobig() interface causes SQLite to throw an
   4589 ** error indicating that a string or BLOB is too long to represent.
   4590 **
   4591 ** ^The sqlite3_result_error_nomem() interface causes SQLite to throw an
   4592 ** error indicating that a memory allocation failed.
   4593 **
   4594 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int() interface sets the return value
   4595 ** of the application-defined function to be the 32-bit signed integer
   4596 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
   4597 ** ^The sqlite3_result_int64() interface sets the return value
   4598 ** of the application-defined function to be the 64-bit signed integer
   4599 ** value given in the 2nd argument.
   4600 **
   4601 ** ^The sqlite3_result_null() interface sets the return value
   4602 ** of the application-defined function to be NULL.
   4603 **
   4604 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text(), sqlite3_result_text16(),
   4605 ** sqlite3_result_text16le(), and sqlite3_result_text16be() interfaces
   4606 ** set the return value of the application-defined function to be
   4607 ** a text string which is represented as UTF-8, UTF-16 native byte order,
   4608 ** UTF-16 little endian, or UTF-16 big endian, respectively.
   4609 ** ^The sqlite3_result_text64() interface sets the return value of an
   4610 ** application-defined function to be a text string in an encoding
   4611 ** specified by the fifth (and last) parameter, which must be one
   4612 ** of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16], [SQLITE_UTF16BE], or [SQLITE_UTF16LE].
   4613 ** ^SQLite takes the text result from the application from
   4614 ** the 2nd parameter of the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces.
   4615 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
   4616 ** is negative, then SQLite takes result text from the 2nd parameter
   4617 ** through the first zero character.
   4618 ** ^If the 3rd parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
   4619 ** is non-negative, then as many bytes (not characters) of the text
   4620 ** pointed to by the 2nd parameter are taken as the application-defined
   4621 ** function result.  If the 3rd parameter is non-negative, then it
   4622 ** must be the byte offset into the string where the NUL terminator would
   4623 ** appear if the string where NUL terminated.  If any NUL characters occur
   4624 ** in the string at a byte offset that is less than the value of the 3rd
   4625 ** parameter, then the resulting string will contain embedded NULs and the
   4626 ** result of expressions operating on strings with embedded NULs is undefined.
   4627 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
   4628 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is a non-NULL pointer, then SQLite calls that
   4629 ** function as the destructor on the text or BLOB result when it has
   4630 ** finished using that result.
   4631 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces or to
   4632 ** sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_STATIC, then SQLite
   4633 ** assumes that the text or BLOB result is in constant space and does not
   4634 ** copy the content of the parameter nor call a destructor on the content
   4635 ** when it has finished using that result.
   4636 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
   4637 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
   4638 ** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
   4639 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
   4640 **
   4641 ** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
   4642 ** the application-defined function to be a copy of the
   4643 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object specified by the 2nd parameter.  ^The
   4644 ** sqlite3_result_value() interface makes a copy of the [sqlite3_value]
   4645 ** so that the [sqlite3_value] specified in the parameter may change or
   4646 ** be deallocated after sqlite3_result_value() returns without harm.
   4647 ** ^A [protected sqlite3_value] object may always be used where an
   4648 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
   4649 ** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
   4650 **
   4651 ** If these routines are called from within the different thread
   4652 ** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
   4653 ** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
   4654 */
   4655 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_blob(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
   4656 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_blob64(sqlite3_context*,const void*,
   4657                            sqlite3_uint64,void(*)(void*));
   4658 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_double(sqlite3_context*, double);
   4659 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int);
   4660 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int);
   4661 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error_toobig(sqlite3_context*);
   4662 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error_nomem(sqlite3_context*);
   4663 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_error_code(sqlite3_context*, int);
   4664 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
   4665 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
   4666 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
   4667 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
   4668 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
   4669                            void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
   4670 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text16(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int, void(*)(void*));
   4671 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
   4672 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
   4673 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
   4674 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
   4675 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
   4676 
   4677 
   4678 /*
   4679 ** CAPI3REF: Setting The Subtype Of An SQL Function
   4680 ** METHOD: sqlite3_context
   4681 **
   4682 ** The sqlite3_result_subtype(C,T) function causes the subtype of
   4683 ** the result from the [application-defined SQL function] with
   4684 ** [sqlite3_context] C to be the value T.  Only the lower 8 bits
   4685 ** of the subtype T are preserved in current versions of SQLite;
   4686 ** higher order bits are discarded.
   4687 ** The number of subtype bytes preserved by SQLite might increase
   4688 ** in future releases of SQLite.
   4689 */
   4690 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context*,unsigned int);
   4691 
   4692 /*
   4693 ** CAPI3REF: Define New Collating Sequences
   4694 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   4695 **
   4696 ** ^These functions add, remove, or modify a [collation] associated
   4697 ** with the [database connection] specified as the first argument.
   4698 **
   4699 ** ^The name of the collation is a UTF-8 string
   4700 ** for sqlite3_create_collation() and sqlite3_create_collation_v2()
   4701 ** and a UTF-16 string in native byte order for sqlite3_create_collation16().
   4702 ** ^Collation names that compare equal according to [sqlite3_strnicmp()] are
   4703 ** considered to be the same name.
   4704 **
   4705 ** ^(The third argument (eTextRep) must be one of the constants:
   4706 ** <ul>
   4707 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF8],
   4708 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16LE],
   4709 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
   4710 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16], or
   4711 ** <li> [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED].
   4712 ** </ul>)^
   4713 ** ^The eTextRep argument determines the encoding of strings passed
   4714 ** to the collating function callback, xCallback.
   4715 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16] and [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] values for eTextRep
   4716 ** force strings to be UTF16 with native byte order.
   4717 ** ^The [SQLITE_UTF16_ALIGNED] value for eTextRep forces strings to begin
   4718 ** on an even byte address.
   4719 **
   4720 ** ^The fourth argument, pArg, is an application data pointer that is passed
   4721 ** through as the first argument to the collating function callback.
   4722 **
   4723 ** ^The fifth argument, xCallback, is a pointer to the collating function.
   4724 ** ^Multiple collating functions can be registered using the same name but
   4725 ** with different eTextRep parameters and SQLite will use whichever
   4726 ** function requires the least amount of data transformation.
   4727 ** ^If the xCallback argument is NULL then the collating function is
   4728 ** deleted.  ^When all collating functions having the same name are deleted,
   4729 ** that collation is no longer usable.
   4730 **
   4731 ** ^The collating function callback is invoked with a copy of the pArg
   4732 ** application data pointer and with two strings in the encoding specified
   4733 ** by the eTextRep argument.  The collating function must return an
   4734 ** integer that is negative, zero, or positive
   4735 ** if the first string is less than, equal to, or greater than the second,
   4736 ** respectively.  A collating function must always return the same answer
   4737 ** given the same inputs.  If two or more collating functions are registered
   4738 ** to the same collation name (using different eTextRep values) then all
   4739 ** must give an equivalent answer when invoked with equivalent strings.
   4740 ** The collating function must obey the following properties for all
   4741 ** strings A, B, and C:
   4742 **
   4743 ** <ol>
   4744 ** <li> If A==B then B==A.
   4745 ** <li> If A==B and B==C then A==C.
   4746 ** <li> If A&lt;B THEN B&gt;A.
   4747 ** <li> If A&lt;B and B&lt;C then A&lt;C.
   4748 ** </ol>
   4749 **
   4750 ** If a collating function fails any of the above constraints and that
   4751 ** collating function is  registered and used, then the behavior of SQLite
   4752 ** is undefined.
   4753 **
   4754 ** ^The sqlite3_create_collation_v2() works like sqlite3_create_collation()
   4755 ** with the addition that the xDestroy callback is invoked on pArg when
   4756 ** the collating function is deleted.
   4757 ** ^Collating functions are deleted when they are overridden by later
   4758 ** calls to the collation creation functions or when the
   4759 ** [database connection] is closed using [sqlite3_close()].
   4760 **
   4761 ** ^The xDestroy callback is <u>not</u> called if the
   4762 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() function fails.  Applications that invoke
   4763 ** sqlite3_create_collation_v2() with a non-NULL xDestroy argument should
   4764 ** check the return code and dispose of the application data pointer
   4765 ** themselves rather than expecting SQLite to deal with it for them.
   4766 ** This is different from every other SQLite interface.  The inconsistency
   4767 ** is unfortunate but cannot be changed without breaking backwards
   4768 ** compatibility.
   4769 **
   4770 ** See also:  [sqlite3_collation_needed()] and [sqlite3_collation_needed16()].
   4771 */
   4772 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_collation(
   4773   sqlite3*,
   4774   const char *zName,
   4775   int eTextRep,
   4776   void *pArg,
   4777   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
   4778 );
   4779 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_collation_v2(
   4780   sqlite3*,
   4781   const char *zName,
   4782   int eTextRep,
   4783   void *pArg,
   4784   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*),
   4785   void(*xDestroy)(void*)
   4786 );
   4787 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_create_collation16(
   4788   sqlite3*,
   4789   const void *zName,
   4790   int eTextRep,
   4791   void *pArg,
   4792   int(*xCompare)(void*,int,const void*,int,const void*)
   4793 );
   4794 
   4795 /*
   4796 ** CAPI3REF: Collation Needed Callbacks
   4797 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   4798 **
   4799 ** ^To avoid having to register all collation sequences before a database
   4800 ** can be used, a single callback function may be registered with the
   4801 ** [database connection] to be invoked whenever an undefined collation
   4802 ** sequence is required.
   4803 **
   4804 ** ^If the function is registered using the sqlite3_collation_needed() API,
   4805 ** then it is passed the names of undefined collation sequences as strings
   4806 ** encoded in UTF-8. ^If sqlite3_collation_needed16() is used,
   4807 ** the names are passed as UTF-16 in machine native byte order.
   4808 ** ^A call to either function replaces the existing collation-needed callback.
   4809 **
   4810 ** ^(When the callback is invoked, the first argument passed is a copy
   4811 ** of the second argument to sqlite3_collation_needed() or
   4812 ** sqlite3_collation_needed16().  The second argument is the database
   4813 ** connection.  The third argument is one of [SQLITE_UTF8], [SQLITE_UTF16BE],
   4814 ** or [SQLITE_UTF16LE], indicating the most desirable form of the collation
   4815 ** sequence function required.  The fourth parameter is the name of the
   4816 ** required collation sequence.)^
   4817 **
   4818 ** The callback function should register the desired collation using
   4819 ** [sqlite3_create_collation()], [sqlite3_create_collation16()], or
   4820 ** [sqlite3_create_collation_v2()].
   4821 */
   4822 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_collation_needed(
   4823   sqlite3*,
   4824   void*,
   4825   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const char*)
   4826 );
   4827 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_collation_needed16(
   4828   sqlite3*,
   4829   void*,
   4830   void(*)(void*,sqlite3*,int eTextRep,const void*)
   4831 );
   4832 
   4833 #ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
   4834 /*
   4835 ** Specify the key for an encrypted database.  This routine should be
   4836 ** called right after sqlite3_open().
   4837 **
   4838 ** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
   4839 ** of SQLite.
   4840 */
   4841 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_key(
   4842   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
   4843   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
   4844 );
   4845 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_key_v2(
   4846   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
   4847   const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
   4848   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The key */
   4849 );
   4850 
   4851 /*
   4852 ** Change the key on an open database.  If the current database is not
   4853 ** encrypted, this routine will encrypt it.  If pNew==0 or nNew==0, the
   4854 ** database is decrypted.
   4855 **
   4856 ** The code to implement this API is not available in the public release
   4857 ** of SQLite.
   4858 */
   4859 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rekey(
   4860   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
   4861   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
   4862 );
   4863 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rekey_v2(
   4864   sqlite3 *db,                   /* Database to be rekeyed */
   4865   const char *zDbName,           /* Name of the database */
   4866   const void *pKey, int nKey     /* The new key */
   4867 );
   4868 
   4869 /*
   4870 ** Specify the activation key for a SEE database.  Unless
   4871 ** activated, none of the SEE routines will work.
   4872 */
   4873 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_activate_see(
   4874   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
   4875 );
   4876 #endif
   4877 
   4878 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
   4879 /*
   4880 ** Specify the activation key for a CEROD database.  Unless
   4881 ** activated, none of the CEROD routines will work.
   4882 */
   4883 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_activate_cerod(
   4884   const char *zPassPhrase        /* Activation phrase */
   4885 );
   4886 #endif
   4887 
   4888 /*
   4889 ** CAPI3REF: Suspend Execution For A Short Time
   4890 **
   4891 ** The sqlite3_sleep() function causes the current thread to suspend execution
   4892 ** for at least a number of milliseconds specified in its parameter.
   4893 **
   4894 ** If the operating system does not support sleep requests with
   4895 ** millisecond time resolution, then the time will be rounded up to
   4896 ** the nearest second. The number of milliseconds of sleep actually
   4897 ** requested from the operating system is returned.
   4898 **
   4899 ** ^SQLite implements this interface by calling the xSleep()
   4900 ** method of the default [sqlite3_vfs] object.  If the xSleep() method
   4901 ** of the default VFS is not implemented correctly, or not implemented at
   4902 ** all, then the behavior of sqlite3_sleep() may deviate from the description
   4903 ** in the previous paragraphs.
   4904 */
   4905 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_sleep(int);
   4906 
   4907 /*
   4908 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Temporary Files
   4909 **
   4910 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
   4911 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all temporary files
   4912 ** created by SQLite when using a built-in [sqlite3_vfs | VFS]
   4913 ** will be placed in that directory.)^  ^If this variable
   4914 ** is a NULL pointer, then SQLite performs a search for an appropriate
   4915 ** temporary file directory.
   4916 **
   4917 ** Applications are strongly discouraged from using this global variable.
   4918 ** It is required to set a temporary folder on Windows Runtime (WinRT).
   4919 ** But for all other platforms, it is highly recommended that applications
   4920 ** neither read nor write this variable.  This global variable is a relic
   4921 ** that exists for backwards compatibility of legacy applications and should
   4922 ** be avoided in new projects.
   4923 **
   4924 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
   4925 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
   4926 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
   4927 ** thread.
   4928 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
   4929 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
   4930 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
   4931 ** thereafter.
   4932 **
   4933 ** ^The [temp_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
   4934 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
   4935 ** the [temp_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
   4936 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
   4937 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
   4938 ** using [sqlite3_free].
   4939 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
   4940 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
   4941 ** or else the use of the [temp_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
   4942 ** Except when requested by the [temp_store_directory pragma], SQLite
   4943 ** does not free the memory that sqlite3_temp_directory points to.  If
   4944 ** the application wants that memory to be freed, it must do
   4945 ** so itself, taking care to only do so after all [database connection]
   4946 ** objects have been destroyed.
   4947 **
   4948 ** <b>Note to Windows Runtime users:</b>  The temporary directory must be set
   4949 ** prior to calling [sqlite3_open] or [sqlite3_open_v2].  Otherwise, various
   4950 ** features that require the use of temporary files may fail.  Here is an
   4951 ** example of how to do this using C++ with the Windows Runtime:
   4952 **
   4953 ** <blockquote><pre>
   4954 ** LPCWSTR zPath = Windows::Storage::ApplicationData::Current->
   4955 ** &nbsp;     TemporaryFolder->Path->Data();
   4956 ** char zPathBuf&#91;MAX_PATH + 1&#93;;
   4957 ** memset(zPathBuf, 0, sizeof(zPathBuf));
   4958 ** WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, zPath, -1, zPathBuf, sizeof(zPathBuf),
   4959 ** &nbsp;     NULL, NULL);
   4960 ** sqlite3_temp_directory = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zPathBuf);
   4961 ** </pre></blockquote>
   4962 */
   4963 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_temp_directory;
   4964 
   4965 /*
   4966 ** CAPI3REF: Name Of The Folder Holding Database Files
   4967 **
   4968 ** ^(If this global variable is made to point to a string which is
   4969 ** the name of a folder (a.k.a. directory), then all database files
   4970 ** specified with a relative pathname and created or accessed by
   4971 ** SQLite when using a built-in windows [sqlite3_vfs | VFS] will be assumed
   4972 ** to be relative to that directory.)^ ^If this variable is a NULL
   4973 ** pointer, then SQLite assumes that all database files specified
   4974 ** with a relative pathname are relative to the current directory
   4975 ** for the process.  Only the windows VFS makes use of this global
   4976 ** variable; it is ignored by the unix VFS.
   4977 **
   4978 ** Changing the value of this variable while a database connection is
   4979 ** open can result in a corrupt database.
   4980 **
   4981 ** It is not safe to read or modify this variable in more than one
   4982 ** thread at a time.  It is not safe to read or modify this variable
   4983 ** if a [database connection] is being used at the same time in a separate
   4984 ** thread.
   4985 ** It is intended that this variable be set once
   4986 ** as part of process initialization and before any SQLite interface
   4987 ** routines have been called and that this variable remain unchanged
   4988 ** thereafter.
   4989 **
   4990 ** ^The [data_store_directory pragma] may modify this variable and cause
   4991 ** it to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc].  ^Furthermore,
   4992 ** the [data_store_directory pragma] always assumes that any string
   4993 ** that this variable points to is held in memory obtained from
   4994 ** [sqlite3_malloc] and the pragma may attempt to free that memory
   4995 ** using [sqlite3_free].
   4996 ** Hence, if this variable is modified directly, either it should be
   4997 ** made NULL or made to point to memory obtained from [sqlite3_malloc]
   4998 ** or else the use of the [data_store_directory pragma] should be avoided.
   4999 */
   5000 SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXTERN char *sqlite3_data_directory;
   5001 
   5002 /*
   5003 ** CAPI3REF: Test For Auto-Commit Mode
   5004 ** KEYWORDS: {autocommit mode}
   5005 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   5006 **
   5007 ** ^The sqlite3_get_autocommit() interface returns non-zero or
   5008 ** zero if the given database connection is or is not in autocommit mode,
   5009 ** respectively.  ^Autocommit mode is on by default.
   5010 ** ^Autocommit mode is disabled by a [BEGIN] statement.
   5011 ** ^Autocommit mode is re-enabled by a [COMMIT] or [ROLLBACK].
   5012 **
   5013 ** If certain kinds of errors occur on a statement within a multi-statement
   5014 ** transaction (errors including [SQLITE_FULL], [SQLITE_IOERR],
   5015 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM], [SQLITE_BUSY], and [SQLITE_INTERRUPT]) then the
   5016 ** transaction might be rolled back automatically.  The only way to
   5017 ** find out whether SQLite automatically rolled back the transaction after
   5018 ** an error is to use this function.
   5019 **
   5020 ** If another thread changes the autocommit status of the database
   5021 ** connection while this routine is running, then the return value
   5022 ** is undefined.
   5023 */
   5024 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_get_autocommit(sqlite3*);
   5025 
   5026 /*
   5027 ** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
   5028 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
   5029 **
   5030 ** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
   5031 ** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
   5032 ** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
   5033 ** that was the first argument
   5034 ** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] call (or its variants) that was used to
   5035 ** create the statement in the first place.
   5036 */
   5037 SQLITE_API sqlite3 *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);
   5038 
   5039 /*
   5040 ** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
   5041 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   5042 **
   5043 ** ^The sqlite3_db_filename(D,N) interface returns a pointer to a filename
   5044 ** associated with database N of connection D.  ^The main database file
   5045 ** has the name "main".  If there is no attached database N on the database
   5046 ** connection D, or if database N is a temporary or in-memory database, then
   5047 ** a NULL pointer is returned.
   5048 **
   5049 ** ^The filename returned by this function is the output of the
   5050 ** xFullPathname method of the [VFS].  ^In other words, the filename
   5051 ** will be an absolute pathname, even if the filename used
   5052 ** to open the database originally was a URI or relative pathname.
   5053 */
   5054 SQLITE_API const char *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_filename(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
   5055 
   5056 /*
   5057 ** CAPI3REF: Determine if a database is read-only
   5058 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   5059 **
   5060 ** ^The sqlite3_db_readonly(D,N) interface returns 1 if the database N
   5061 ** of connection D is read-only, 0 if it is read/write, or -1 if N is not
   5062 ** the name of a database on connection D.
   5063 */
   5064 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_readonly(sqlite3 *db, const char *zDbName);
   5065 
   5066 /*
   5067 ** CAPI3REF: Find the next prepared statement
   5068 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   5069 **
   5070 ** ^This interface returns a pointer to the next [prepared statement] after
   5071 ** pStmt associated with the [database connection] pDb.  ^If pStmt is NULL
   5072 ** then this interface returns a pointer to the first prepared statement
   5073 ** associated with the database connection pDb.  ^If no prepared statement
   5074 ** satisfies the conditions of this routine, it returns NULL.
   5075 **
   5076 ** The [database connection] pointer D in a call to
   5077 ** [sqlite3_next_stmt(D,S)] must refer to an open database
   5078 ** connection and in particular must not be a NULL pointer.
   5079 */
   5080 SQLITE_API sqlite3_stmt *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_next_stmt(sqlite3 *pDb, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt);
   5081 
   5082 /*
   5083 ** CAPI3REF: Commit And Rollback Notification Callbacks
   5084 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   5085 **
   5086 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook() interface registers a callback
   5087 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [COMMIT | committed].
   5088 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_commit_hook()
   5089 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
   5090 ** ^The sqlite3_rollback_hook() interface registers a callback
   5091 ** function to be invoked whenever a transaction is [ROLLBACK | rolled back].
   5092 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to sqlite3_rollback_hook()
   5093 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
   5094 ** ^The pArg argument is passed through to the callback.
   5095 ** ^If the callback on a commit hook function returns non-zero,
   5096 ** then the commit is converted into a rollback.
   5097 **
   5098 ** ^The sqlite3_commit_hook(D,C,P) and sqlite3_rollback_hook(D,C,P) functions
   5099 ** return the P argument from the previous call of the same function
   5100 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
   5101 ** the first call for each function on D.
   5102 **
   5103 ** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
   5104 ** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
   5105 ** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
   5106 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
   5107 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
   5108 ** or rollback hook in the first place.
   5109 ** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
   5110 ** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
   5111 ** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
   5112 **
   5113 ** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
   5114 **
   5115 ** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
   5116 ** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
   5117 ** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].
   5118 ** ^The rollback hook is invoked on a rollback that results from a commit
   5119 ** hook returning non-zero, just as it would be with any other rollback.
   5120 **
   5121 ** ^For the purposes of this API, a transaction is said to have been
   5122 ** rolled back if an explicit "ROLLBACK" statement is executed, or
   5123 ** an error or constraint causes an implicit rollback to occur.
   5124 ** ^The rollback callback is not invoked if a transaction is
   5125 ** automatically rolled back because the database connection is closed.
   5126 **
   5127 ** See also the [sqlite3_update_hook()] interface.
   5128 */
   5129 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_commit_hook(sqlite3*, int(*)(void*), void*);
   5130 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_rollback_hook(sqlite3*, void(*)(void *), void*);
   5131 
   5132 /*
   5133 ** CAPI3REF: Data Change Notification Callbacks
   5134 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   5135 **
   5136 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook() interface registers a callback function
   5137 ** with the [database connection] identified by the first argument
   5138 ** to be invoked whenever a row is updated, inserted or deleted in
   5139 ** a rowid table.
   5140 ** ^Any callback set by a previous call to this function
   5141 ** for the same database connection is overridden.
   5142 **
   5143 ** ^The second argument is a pointer to the function to invoke when a
   5144 ** row is updated, inserted or deleted in a rowid table.
   5145 ** ^The first argument to the callback is a copy of the third argument
   5146 ** to sqlite3_update_hook().
   5147 ** ^The second callback argument is one of [SQLITE_INSERT], [SQLITE_DELETE],
   5148 ** or [SQLITE_UPDATE], depending on the operation that caused the callback
   5149 ** to be invoked.
   5150 ** ^The third and fourth arguments to the callback contain pointers to the
   5151 ** database and table name containing the affected row.
   5152 ** ^The final callback parameter is the [rowid] of the row.
   5153 ** ^In the case of an update, this is the [rowid] after the update takes place.
   5154 **
   5155 ** ^(The update hook is not invoked when internal system tables are
   5156 ** modified (i.e. sqlite_master and sqlite_sequence).)^
   5157 ** ^The update hook is not invoked when [WITHOUT ROWID] tables are modified.
   5158 **
   5159 ** ^In the current implementation, the update hook
   5160 ** is not invoked when duplication rows are deleted because of an
   5161 ** [ON CONFLICT | ON CONFLICT REPLACE] clause.  ^Nor is the update hook
   5162 ** invoked when rows are deleted using the [truncate optimization].
   5163 ** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
   5164 ** release of SQLite.
   5165 **
   5166 ** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
   5167 ** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
   5168 ** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
   5169 ** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
   5170 ** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
   5171 ** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
   5172 **
   5173 ** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
   5174 ** returns the P argument from the previous call
   5175 ** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
   5176 ** the first call on D.
   5177 **
   5178 ** See also the [sqlite3_commit_hook()] and [sqlite3_rollback_hook()]
   5179 ** interfaces.
   5180 */
   5181 SQLITE_API void *SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_update_hook(
   5182   sqlite3*,
   5183   void(*)(void *,int ,char const *,char const *,sqlite3_int64),
   5184   void*
   5185 );
   5186 
   5187 /*
   5188 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Shared Pager Cache
   5189 **
   5190 ** ^(This routine enables or disables the sharing of the database cache
   5191 ** and schema data structures between [database connection | connections]
   5192 ** to the same database. Sharing is enabled if the argument is true
   5193 ** and disabled if the argument is false.)^
   5194 **
   5195 ** ^Cache sharing is enabled and disabled for an entire process.
   5196 ** This is a change as of SQLite version 3.5.0. In prior versions of SQLite,
   5197 ** sharing was enabled or disabled for each thread separately.
   5198 **
   5199 ** ^(The cache sharing mode set by this interface effects all subsequent
   5200 ** calls to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()], and [sqlite3_open16()].
   5201 ** Existing database connections continue use the sharing mode
   5202 ** that was in effect at the time they were opened.)^
   5203 **
   5204 ** ^(This routine returns [SQLITE_OK] if shared cache was enabled or disabled
   5205 ** successfully.  An [error code] is returned otherwise.)^
   5206 **
   5207 ** ^Shared cache is disabled by default. But this might change in
   5208 ** future releases of SQLite.  Applications that care about shared
   5209 ** cache setting should set it explicitly.
   5210 **
   5211 ** Note: This method is disabled on MacOS X 10.7 and iOS version 5.0
   5212 ** and will always return SQLITE_MISUSE. On those systems,
   5213 ** shared cache mode should be enabled per-database connection via
   5214 ** [sqlite3_open_v2()] with [SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE].
   5215 **
   5216 ** This interface is threadsafe on processors where writing a
   5217 ** 32-bit integer is atomic.
   5218 **
   5219 ** See Also:  [SQLite Shared-Cache Mode]
   5220 */
   5221 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_enable_shared_cache(int);
   5222 
   5223 /*
   5224 ** CAPI3REF: Attempt To Free Heap Memory
   5225 **
   5226 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() interface attempts to free N bytes
   5227 ** of heap memory by deallocating non-essential memory allocations
   5228 ** held by the database library.   Memory used to cache database
   5229 ** pages to improve performance is an example of non-essential memory.
   5230 ** ^sqlite3_release_memory() returns the number of bytes actually freed,
   5231 ** which might be more or less than the amount requested.
   5232 ** ^The sqlite3_release_memory() routine is a no-op returning zero
   5233 ** if SQLite is not compiled with [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
   5234 **
   5235 ** See also: [sqlite3_db_release_memory()]
   5236 */
   5237 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_release_memory(int);
   5238 
   5239 /*
   5240 ** CAPI3REF: Free Memory Used By A Database Connection
   5241 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   5242 **
   5243 ** ^The sqlite3_db_release_memory(D) interface attempts to free as much heap
   5244 ** memory as possible from database connection D. Unlike the
   5245 ** [sqlite3_release_memory()] interface, this interface is in effect even
   5246 ** when the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT] compile-time option is
   5247 ** omitted.
   5248 **
   5249 ** See also: [sqlite3_release_memory()]
   5250 */
   5251 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_db_release_memory(sqlite3*);
   5252 
   5253 /*
   5254 ** CAPI3REF: Impose A Limit On Heap Size
   5255 **
   5256 ** ^The sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() interface sets and/or queries the
   5257 ** soft limit on the amount of heap memory that may be allocated by SQLite.
   5258 ** ^SQLite strives to keep heap memory utilization below the soft heap
   5259 ** limit by reducing the number of pages held in the page cache
   5260 ** as heap memory usages approaches the limit.
   5261 ** ^The soft heap limit is "soft" because even though SQLite strives to stay
   5262 ** below the limit, it will exceed the limit rather than generate
   5263 ** an [SQLITE_NOMEM] error.  In other words, the soft heap limit
   5264 ** is advisory only.
   5265 **
   5266 ** ^The return value from sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() is the size of
   5267 ** the soft heap limit prior to the call, or negative in the case of an
   5268 ** error.  ^If the argument N is negative
   5269 ** then no change is made to the soft heap limit.  Hence, the current
   5270 ** size of the soft heap limit can be determined by invoking
   5271 ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64() with a negative argument.
   5272 **
   5273 ** ^If the argument N is zero then the soft heap limit is disabled.
   5274 **
   5275 ** ^(The soft heap limit is not enforced in the current implementation
   5276 ** if one or more of following conditions are true:
   5277 **
   5278 ** <ul>
   5279 ** <li> The soft heap limit is set to zero.
   5280 ** <li> Memory accounting is disabled using a combination of the
   5281 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS],...) start-time option and
   5282 **      the [SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS] compile-time option.
   5283 ** <li> An alternative page cache implementation is specified using
   5284 **      [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE2],...).
   5285 ** <li> The page cache allocates from its own memory pool supplied
   5286 **      by [sqlite3_config]([SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE],...) rather than
   5287 **      from the heap.
   5288 ** </ul>)^
   5289 **
   5290 ** Beginning with SQLite version 3.7.3, the soft heap limit is enforced
   5291 ** regardless of whether or not the [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT]
   5292 ** compile-time option is invoked.  With [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT],
   5293 ** the soft heap limit is enforced on every memory allocation.  Without
   5294 ** [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT], the soft heap limit is only enforced
   5295 ** when memory is allocated by the page cache.  Testing suggests that because
   5296 ** the page cache is the predominate memory user in SQLite, most
   5297 ** applications will achieve adequate soft heap limit enforcement without
   5298 ** the use of [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT].
   5299 **
   5300 ** The circumstances under which SQLite will enforce the soft heap limit may
   5301 ** changes in future releases of SQLite.
   5302 */
   5303 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64(sqlite3_int64 N);
   5304 
   5305 /*
   5306 ** CAPI3REF: Deprecated Soft Heap Limit Interface
   5307 ** DEPRECATED
   5308 **
   5309 ** This is a deprecated version of the [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()]
   5310 ** interface.  This routine is provided for historical compatibility
   5311 ** only.  All new applications should use the
   5312 ** [sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64()] interface rather than this one.
   5313 */
   5314 SQLITE_API SQLITE_DEPRECATED void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_soft_heap_limit(int N);
   5315 
   5316 
   5317 /*
   5318 ** CAPI3REF: Extract Metadata About A Column Of A Table
   5319 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   5320 **
   5321 ** ^(The sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,....) routine returns
   5322 ** information about column C of table T in database D
   5323 ** on [database connection] X.)^  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata()
   5324 ** interface returns SQLITE_OK and fills in the non-NULL pointers in
   5325 ** the final five arguments with appropriate values if the specified
   5326 ** column exists.  ^The sqlite3_table_column_metadata() interface returns
   5327 ** SQLITE_ERROR and if the specified column does not exist.
   5328 ** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
   5329 ** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existance of the
   5330 ** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
   5331 ** does not.
   5332 **
   5333 ** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
   5334 ** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
   5335 ** (i.e. "main", "temp", or an attached database) containing the specified
   5336 ** table or NULL.)^ ^If it is NULL, then all attached databases are searched
   5337 ** for the table using the same algorithm used by the database engine to
   5338 ** resolve unqualified table references.
   5339 **
   5340 ** ^The third and fourth parameters to this function are the table and column
   5341 ** name of the desired column, respectively.
   5342 **
   5343 ** ^Metadata is returned by writing to the memory locations passed as the 5th
   5344 ** and subsequent parameters to this function. ^Any of these arguments may be
   5345 ** NULL, in which case the corresponding element of metadata is omitted.
   5346 **
   5347 ** ^(<blockquote>
   5348 ** <table border="1">
   5349 ** <tr><th> Parameter <th> Output<br>Type <th>  Description
   5350 **
   5351 ** <tr><td> 5th <td> const char* <td> Data type
   5352 ** <tr><td> 6th <td> const char* <td> Name of default collation sequence
   5353 ** <tr><td> 7th <td> int         <td> True if column has a NOT NULL constraint
   5354 ** <tr><td> 8th <td> int         <td> True if column is part of the PRIMARY KEY
   5355 ** <tr><td> 9th <td> int         <td> True if column is [AUTOINCREMENT]
   5356 ** </table>
   5357 ** </blockquote>)^
   5358 **
   5359 ** ^The memory pointed to by the character pointers returned for the
   5360 ** declaration type and collation sequence is valid until the next
   5361 ** call to any SQLite API function.
   5362 **
   5363 ** ^If the specified table is actually a view, an [error code] is returned.
   5364 **
   5365 ** ^If the specified column is "rowid", "oid" or "_rowid_" and the table
   5366 ** is not a [WITHOUT ROWID] table and an
   5367 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column has been explicitly declared, then the output
   5368 ** parameters are set for the explicitly declared column. ^(If there is no
   5369 ** [INTEGER PRIMARY KEY] column, then the outputs
   5370 ** for the [rowid] are set as follows:
   5371 **
   5372 ** <pre>
   5373 **     data type: "INTEGER"
   5374 **     collation sequence: "BINARY"
   5375 **     not null: 0
   5376 **     primary key: 1
   5377 **     auto increment: 0
   5378 ** </pre>)^
   5379 **
   5380 ** ^This function causes all database schemas to be read from disk and
   5381 ** parsed, if that has not already been done, and returns an error if
   5382 ** any errors are encountered while loading the schema.
   5383 */
   5384 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
   5385   sqlite3 *db,                /* Connection handle */
   5386   const char *zDbName,        /* Database name or NULL */
   5387   const char *zTableName,     /* Table name */
   5388   const char *zColumnName,    /* Column name */
   5389   char const **pzDataType,    /* OUTPUT: Declared data type */
   5390   char const **pzCollSeq,     /* OUTPUT: Collation sequence name */
   5391   int *pNotNull,              /* OUTPUT: True if NOT NULL constraint exists */
   5392   int *pPrimaryKey,           /* OUTPUT: True if column part of PK */
   5393   int *pAutoinc               /* OUTPUT: True if column is auto-increment */
   5394 );
   5395 
   5396 /*
   5397 ** CAPI3REF: Load An Extension
   5398 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   5399 **
   5400 ** ^This interface loads an SQLite extension library from the named file.
   5401 **
   5402 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface attempts to load an
   5403 ** [SQLite extension] library contained in the file zFile.  If
   5404 ** the file cannot be loaded directly, attempts are made to load
   5405 ** with various operating-system specific extensions added.
   5406 ** So for example, if "samplelib" cannot be loaded, then names like
   5407 ** "samplelib.so" or "samplelib.dylib" or "samplelib.dll" might
   5408 ** be tried also.
   5409 **
   5410 ** ^The entry point is zProc.
   5411 ** ^(zProc may be 0, in which case SQLite will try to come up with an
   5412 ** entry point name on its own.  It first tries "sqlite3_extension_init".
   5413 ** If that does not work, it constructs a name "sqlite3_X_init" where the
   5414 ** X is consists of the lower-case equivalent of all ASCII alphabetic
   5415 ** characters in the filename from the last "/" to the first following
   5416 ** "." and omitting any initial "lib".)^
   5417 ** ^The sqlite3_load_extension() interface returns
   5418 ** [SQLITE_OK] on success and [SQLITE_ERROR] if something goes wrong.
   5419 ** ^If an error occurs and pzErrMsg is not 0, then the
   5420 ** [sqlite3_load_extension()] interface shall attempt to
   5421 ** fill *pzErrMsg with error message text stored in memory
   5422 ** obtained from [sqlite3_malloc()]. The calling function
   5423 ** should free this memory by calling [sqlite3_free()].
   5424 **
   5425 ** ^Extension loading must be enabled using
   5426 ** [sqlite3_enable_load_extension()] prior to calling this API,
   5427 ** otherwise an error will be returned.
   5428 **
   5429 ** See also the [load_extension() SQL function].
   5430 */
   5431 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_load_extension(
   5432   sqlite3 *db,          /* Load the extension into this database connection */
   5433   const char *zFile,    /* Name of the shared library containing extension */
   5434   const char *zProc,    /* Entry point.  Derived from zFile if 0 */
   5435   char **pzErrMsg       /* Put error message here if not 0 */
   5436 );
   5437 
   5438 /*
   5439 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extension Loading
   5440 ** METHOD: sqlite3
   5441 **
   5442 ** ^So as not to open security holes in older applications that are
   5443 ** unprepared to deal with [extension loading], and as a means of disabling
   5444 ** [extension loading] while evaluating user-entered SQL, the following API
   5445 ** is provided to turn the [sqlite3_load_extension()] mechanism on and off.
   5446 **
   5447 ** ^Extension loading is off by default.
   5448 ** ^Call the sqlite3_enable_load_extension() routine with onoff==1
   5449 ** to turn extension loading on and call it with onoff==0 to turn
   5450 ** it back off again.
   5451 */
   5452 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_enable_load_extension(sqlite3 *db, int onoff);
   5453 
   5454 /*
   5455 ** CAPI3REF: Automatically Load Statically Linked Extensions
   5456 **
   5457 ** ^This interface causes the xEntryPoint() function to be invoked for
   5458 ** each new [database connection] that is created.  The idea here is that
   5459 ** xEntryPoint() is the entry point for a statically linked [SQLite extension]
   5460 ** that is to be automatically loaded into all new database connections.
   5461 **
   5462 ** ^(Even though the function prototype shows that xEntryPoint() takes
   5463 ** no arguments and returns void, SQLite invokes xEntryPoint() with three
   5464 ** arguments and expects and integer result as if the signature of the
   5465 ** entry point where as follows:
   5466 **
   5467 ** <blockquote><pre>
   5468 ** &nbsp;  int xEntryPoint(
   5469 ** &nbsp;    sqlite3 *db,
   5470 ** &nbsp;    const char **pzErrMsg,
   5471 ** &nbsp;    const struct sqlite3_api_routines *pThunk
   5472 ** &nbsp;  );
   5473 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
   5474 **
   5475 ** If the xEntryPoint routine encounters an error, it should make *pzErrMsg
   5476 ** point to an appropriate error message (obtained from [sqlite3_mprintf()])
   5477 ** and return an appropriate [error code].  ^SQLite ensures that *pzErrMsg
   5478 ** is NULL before calling the xEntryPoint().  ^SQLite will invoke
   5479 ** [sqlite3_free()] on *pzErrMsg after xEntryPoint() returns.  ^If any
   5480 ** xEntryPoint() returns an error, the [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()],
   5481 ** or [sqlite3_open_v2()] call that provoked the xEntryPoint() will fail.
   5482 **
   5483 ** ^Calling sqlite3_auto_extension(X) with an entry point X that is already
   5484 ** on the list of automatic extensions is a harmless no-op. ^No entry point
   5485 ** will be called more than once for each database connection that is opened.
   5486 **
   5487 ** See also: [sqlite3_reset_auto_extension()]
   5488 ** and [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension()]
   5489 */
   5490 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
   5491 
   5492 /*
   5493 ** CAPI3REF: Cancel Automatic Extension Loading
   5494 **
   5495 ** ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)] interface unregisters the
   5496 ** initialization routine X that was registered using a prior call to
   5497 ** [sqlite3_auto_extension(X)].  ^The [sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(X)]
   5498 ** routine returns 1 if initialization routine X was successfully
   5499 ** unregistered and it returns 0 if X was not on the list of initialization
   5500 ** routines.
   5501 */
   5502 SQLITE_API int SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension(void (*xEntryPoint)(void));
   5503 
   5504 /*
   5505 ** CAPI3REF: Reset Automatic Extension Loading
   5506 **
   5507 ** ^This interface disables all automatic extensions previously
   5508 ** registered using [sqlite3_auto_extension()].
   5509 */
   5510 SQLITE_API void SQLITE_STDCALL sqlite3_reset_auto_extension(void);
   5511 
   5512 /*
   5513 ** The interface to the virtual-table mechanism is currently considered
   5514 ** to be experimental.  The interface might change in incompatible ways.
   5515 ** If this is a problem for you, do not use the interface at this time.
   5516 **
   5517 ** When the virtual-table mechanism stabilizes, we will declare the
   5518 ** interface fixed, support it indefinitely, and remove this comment.
   5519 */
   5520 
   5521 /*
   5522 ** Structures used by the virtual table interface
   5523 */
   5524 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab sqlite3_vtab;
   5525 typedef struct sqlite3_index_info sqlite3_index_info;
   5526 typedef struct sqlite3_vtab_cursor sqlite3_vtab_cursor;
   5527 typedef struct sqlite3_module sqlite3_module;
   5528 
   5529 /*
   5530 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Object
   5531 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_module {virtual table module}
   5532 **
   5533 ** This structure, sometimes called a "virtual table module",
   5534 ** defines the implementation of a [virtual tables].
   5535 ** This structure consists mostly of methods for the module.
   5536 **
   5537 ** ^A virtual table module is created by filling in a persistent
   5538 ** instance of this structure and passing a pointer to that instance
   5539 ** to [sqlite3_create_module()] or [sqlite3_create_module_v2()].
   5540 ** ^The registration remains valid until it is replaced by a different
   5541 ** module or until the [database connection] closes.  The content
   5542 ** of this structure must not change while it is registered with
   5543 ** any database connection.
   5544 */
   5545 struct sqlite3_module {
   5546   int iVersion;
   5547   int (*xCreate)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
   5548                int argc, const char *const*argv,
   5549                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
   5550   int (*xConnect)(sqlite3*, void *pAux,
   5551                int argc, const char *const*argv,
   5552                sqlite3_vtab **ppVTab, char**);
   5553   int (*xBestIndex)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_index_info*);
   5554   int (*xDisconnect)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
   5555   int (*xDestroy)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
   5556   int (*xOpen)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor);
   5557   int (*xClose)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
   5558   int (*xFilter)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
   5559                 int argc, sqlite3_value **argv);
   5560   int (*xNext)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
   5561   int (*xEof)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*);
   5562   int (*xColumn)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_context*, int);
   5563   int (*xRowid)(sqlite3_vtab_cursor*, sqlite3_int64 *pRowid);
   5564   int (*xUpdate)(sqlite3_vtab *, int, sqlite3_value **, sqlite3_int64 *);
   5565   int (*xBegin)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
   5566   int (*xSync)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
   5567   int (*xCommit)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
   5568   int (*xRollback)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab);
   5569   int (*xFindFunction)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, int nArg, const char *zName,
   5570                        void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**),
   5571                        void **ppArg);
   5572   int (*xRename)(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, const char *zNew);
   5573   /* The methods above are in version 1 of the sqlite_module object. Those
   5574   ** below are for version 2 and greater. */
   5575   int (*xSavepoint)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
   5576   int (*xRelease)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
   5577   int (*xRollbackTo)(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, int);
   5578 };
   5579 
   5580 /*
   5581 ** CAPI3REF: Virtual Table Indexing Information
   5582 ** KEYWORDS: sqlite3_index_info
   5583 **
   5584 ** The sqlite3_index_info structure and its substructures is used as part
   5585 ** of the [virtual table] interface to
   5586 ** pass information into and receive the reply from the [xBestIndex]
   5587 ** method of a [virtual table module].  The fields under **Inputs** are the
   5588 ** inputs to xBestIndex and are read-only.  xBestIndex inserts its
   5589 ** results into the **Outputs** fields.
   5590 **
   5591 ** ^(The aConstraint[] array records WHERE clause constraints of the form:
   5592 **
   5593 ** <blockquote>column OP expr</blockquote>
   5594 **
   5595 ** where OP is =, &lt;, &lt;=, &gt;, or &gt;=.)^  ^(The particular operator is
   5596 ** stored in aConstraint[].op using one of the
   5597 ** [SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ values].)^
   5598 ** ^(The index of the column is stored in
   5599 ** aConstraint[].iColumn.)^  ^(aConstraint[].usable is TRUE if the
   5600 ** expr on the right-hand side can be evaluated (and thus the constraint
   5601 ** is usable) and false if it cannot.)^
   5602 **
   5603 ** ^The optimizer automatically inverts terms of the form "expr OP column"
   5604 ** and makes other simplifications to the WHERE clause in an attempt to
   5605 ** get as many WHERE clause terms into the form shown above as possible.
   5606 ** ^The aConstraint[] array only reports WHERE clause terms that are
   5607 ** relevant to the particular virtual table being queried.
   5608 **
   5609 ** ^Information about the ORDER BY clause is stored in aOrderBy[].
   5610 ** ^Each term of aOrderBy records a column of the ORDER BY clause.
   5611 **
   5612 ** The [xBestIndex] method must fill aConstraintUsage[] with information
   5613 ** about what parameters to pass to xFilter.  ^If argvIndex>0 then
   5614 ** the right-hand side of the corresponding aConstraint[] is evaluated
   5615 ** and becomes the argvIndex-th entry in argv.  ^(If aConstraintUsage[].omit
   5616 ** is true, then the constraint is assumed to be fully handled by the
   5617 ** virtual table and is not checked again by SQLite.)^
   5618 **
   5619 ** ^The idxNum and idxPtr values are recorded and passed into the
   5620 ** [xFilter] method.
   5621 ** ^[sqlite3_free()] is used to free idxPtr if and only if
   5622 ** needToFreeIdxPtr is true.
   5623 **
   5624 ** ^The orderByConsumed means that output from [xFilter]/[xNext] will occur in
   5625 ** the correct order to satisfy the ORDER BY clause so that no separate
   5626 ** sorting step is required.
   5627 **
   5628 ** ^The estimatedCost value is an estimate of the cost of a particular
   5629 ** strategy. A cost of N indicates that the cost of the strategy is similar
   5630 ** to a linear scan of an SQLite table with N rows. A cost of log(N)
   5631 ** indicates that the expense of the operation is similar to that of a
   5632 ** binary search on a unique indexed field of an SQLite table with N rows.
   5633 **
   5634 ** ^The estimatedRows value is an estimate of the number of rows that
   5635 ** will be returned by the strategy.
   5636 **
   5637 ** The xBestIndex method may optionally populate the idxFlags field with a
   5638 ** mask of SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_* flags. Currently there is only one such flag -
   5639 ** SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE. If the xBestIndex method sets this flag, SQLite
   5640 ** assumes that the strategy may visit at most one row.
   5641 **
   5642 ** Additionally, if xBestIndex sets the SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE flag, then
   5643 ** SQLite also assumes that if a call to the xUpdate() method is made as
   5644 ** part of the same statement to delete or update a virtual table row and the
   5645 ** implementation returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, then there is no need to rollback
   5646 ** any database changes. In other words, if the xUpdate() returns
   5647 ** SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, the database contents must be exactly as they were
   5648 ** before xUpdate was called. By contrast, if SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE is not
   5649 ** set and xUpdate returns SQLITE_CONSTRAINT, any database changes made by
   5650 ** the xUpdate method are automatically rolled back by SQLite.
   5651 **
   5652 ** IMPORTANT: The estimatedRows field was added to the sqlite3_index_info
   5653 ** structure for SQLite version 3.8.2. If a virtual table extension is
   5654 ** used with an SQLite version earlier than 3.8.2, the results of attempting
   5655 ** to read or write the estimatedRows field are undefined (but are likely
   5656 ** to included crashing the application). The estimatedRows field should
   5657 ** therefore only be used if [sqlite3_libversion_number()] returns a
   5658 ** value greater than or equal to 3008002. Similarly, the idxFlags field
   5659 ** was added for version 3.9.0. It may therefore only be used if
   5660 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() returns a value greater than or equal to
   5661 ** 3009000.
   5662 */
   5663 struct sqlite3_index_info {
   5664   /* Inputs */
   5665   int nConstraint;           /* Number of entries in aConstraint */
   5666   struct sqlite3_index_constraint {
   5667      int iColumn;              /* Column on left-hand side of constraint */
   5668      unsigned char op;         /* Constraint operator */
   5669      unsigned char usable;     /* True if this constraint is usable */
   5670      int iTermOffset;          /* Used internally - xBestIndex should ignore */
   5671   } *aConstraint;            /* Table of WHERE clause constraints */
   5672   int nOrderBy;              /* Number of terms in the ORDER BY clause */
   5673   struct sqlite3_index_orderby {
   5674      int iColumn;              /* Column number */
   5675      unsigned char desc;       /* True for DESC.  False for ASC. */
   5676   } *aOrderBy;               /* The ORDER BY clause */
   5677   /* Outputs */
   5678   struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage {
   5679     int argvIndex;           /* if >0, constraint is part of argv to xFilter */
   5680     unsigned char omit;      /* Do not code a test for this constraint */
   5681   } *aConstraintUsage;
   5682   int idxNum;                /* Number used to identify the index */
   5683   char *idxStr;              /* String, possibly obtained from sqlite3_malloc */
   5684   int needToFreeIdxStr;      /* Free idxStr using sqlite3_free() if true */
   5685   int orderByConsumed;       /* True if output is already ordered */
   5686   double estimatedCost;           /* Estimated cost of using this index */
   5687   /* Fields below are only available in SQLite 3.8.2 and later */
   5688   sqlite3_int64 estimatedRows;    /* Estimated number of rows returned */
   5689   /* Fields below are only available in SQLi