1 @c Copyright (C) 2006-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 2 @c This is part of the GAS manual. 3 @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo. 4 5 @ifset GENERIC 6 @page 7 @node AVR-Dependent 8 @chapter AVR Dependent Features 9 @end ifset 10 11 @ifclear GENERIC 12 @node Machine Dependencies 13 @chapter AVR Dependent Features 14 @end ifclear 15 16 @cindex AVR support 17 @menu 18 * AVR Options:: Options 19 * AVR Syntax:: Syntax 20 * AVR Opcodes:: Opcodes 21 @end menu 22 23 @node AVR Options 24 @section Options 25 @cindex AVR options (none) 26 @cindex options for AVR (none) 27 28 @table @code 29 30 @cindex @code{-mmcu=} command line option, AVR 31 @item -mmcu=@var{mcu} 32 Specify ATMEL AVR instruction set or MCU type. 33 34 Instruction set avr1 is for the minimal AVR core, not supported by the C 35 compiler, only for assembler programs (MCU types: at90s1200, 36 attiny11, attiny12, attiny15, attiny28). 37 38 Instruction set avr2 (default) is for the classic AVR core with up to 39 8K program memory space (MCU types: at90s2313, at90s2323, at90s2333, at90s2343, 40 attiny22, attiny26, at90s4414, at90s4433, at90s4434, at90s8515, at90c8534, 41 at90s8535). 42 43 Instruction set avr25 is for the classic AVR core with up to 8K program memory 44 space plus the MOVW instruction (MCU types: attiny13, attiny13a, attiny2313, 45 attiny2313a, attiny24, attiny24a, attiny4313, attiny44, attiny44a, attiny84, 46 attiny84a, attiny25, attiny45, attiny85, attiny261, attiny261a, attiny461, 47 attiny461a, attiny861, attiny861a, attiny87, attiny43u, attiny48, attiny88, 48 attiny828, at86rf401, ata6289, ata5272). 49 50 Instruction set avr3 is for the classic AVR core with up to 128K program 51 memory space (MCU types: at43usb355, at76c711). 52 53 Instruction set avr31 is for the classic AVR core with exactly 128K program 54 memory space (MCU types: atmega103, at43usb320). 55 56 Instruction set avr35 is for classic AVR core plus MOVW, CALL, and JMP 57 instructions (MCU types: attiny167, attiny1634, at90usb82, at90usb162, 58 atmega8u2, atmega16u2, atmega32u2, ata5505). 59 60 Instruction set avr4 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 8K program 61 memory space (MCU types: atmega48, atmega48a, atmega48pa, atmega48p, atmega8, 62 atmega8a, atmega88, atmega88a, atmega88p, atmega88pa, atmega8515, atmega8535, 63 atmega8hva, at90pwm1, at90pwm2, at90pwm2b, at90pwm3, at90pwm3b, at90pwm81, 64 ata6285, ata6286). 65 66 Instruction set avr5 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 128K program 67 memory space (MCU types: at90pwm161, atmega16, atmega16a, atmega161, atmega162, 68 atmega163, atmega164a, atmega164p, atmega164pa, atmega165, atmega165a, 69 atmega165p, atmega165pa, atmega168, atmega168a, atmega168p, atmega168pa, 70 atmega169, atmega169a, atmega169p, atmega169pa, atmega32, atmega323, atmega324a, 71 atmega324p, atmega324pa, atmega325, atmega325a, atmega32, atmega32a, atmega323, 72 atmega324a, atmega324p, atmega324pa, atmega325, atmega325a, atmega325p, 73 atmega325p, atmega325pa, atmega3250, atmega3250a, atmega3250p, atmega3250pa, 74 atmega328, atmega328p, atmega329, atmega329a, atmega329p, atmega329pa, 75 atmega3290a, atmega3290p, atmega3290pa, atmega406, atmega64, atmega64a, 76 atmega64rfr2, atmega644rfr2, atmega640, atmega644, atmega644a, atmega644p, 77 atmega644pa, atmega645, atmega645a, atmega645p, atmega6450, atmega6450a, 78 atmega6450p, atmega649, atmega649a, atmega649p, atmega6490, atmega6490a, 79 atmega6490p, atmega16hva, atmega16hva2, atmega16hvb, atmega16hvbrevb, 80 atmega32hvb, atmega32hvbrevb, atmega64hve, at90can32, at90can64, at90pwm161, 81 at90pwm216, at90pwm316, atmega32c1, atmega64c1, atmega16m1, atmega32m1, 82 atmega64m1, atmega16u4, atmega32u4, atmega32u6, at90usb646, at90usb647, at94k, 83 at90scr100, ata5790, ata5795). 84 85 Instruction set avr51 is for the enhanced AVR core with exactly 128K 86 program memory space (MCU types: atmega128, atmega128a, atmega1280, 87 atmega1281, atmega1284, atmega1284p, atmega128rfa1, atmega128rfr2, 88 atmega1284rfr2, at90can128, at90usb1286, at90usb1287, m3000). 89 90 Instruction set avr6 is for the enhanced AVR core with a 3-byte PC 91 (MCU types: atmega2560, atmega2561, atmega256rfr2, atmega2564rfr2). 92 93 Instruction set avrxmega2 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K 94 program memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: 95 atxmega16a4, atxmega16a4u, atxmega16c4, atxmega16d4, atxmega16x1, 96 atxmega32a4, atxmega32a4u, atxmega32c4, atxmega32d4, atxmega16e5, 97 atxmega8e5, atxmega32e5, atxmega32x1). 98 99 Instruction set avrxmega3 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K 100 program memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: 101 none). 102 103 Instruction set avrxmega4 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K 104 program memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: 105 atxmega64a3, atxmega64a3u, atxmega64a4u, atxmega64b1, atxmega64b3, 106 atxmega64c3, atxmega64d3, atxmega64d4). 107 108 Instruction set avrxmega5 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K 109 program memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: 110 atxmega64a1, atxmega64a1u). 111 112 Instruction set avrxmega6 is for the XMEGA AVR core with larger than 113 64K program memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: 114 atxmega128a3, atxmega128a3u, atxmega128c3, atxmega128d3, atxmega128d4, 115 atxmega192a3, atxmega192a3u, atxmega128b1, atxmega128b3, atxmega192c3, 116 atxmega192d3, atxmega256a3, atxmega256a3u, atxmega256a3b, 117 atxmega256a3bu, atxmega256c3, atxmega256d3, atxmega384c3, 118 atxmega256d3). 119 120 Instruction set avrxmega7 is for the XMEGA AVR core with larger than 121 64K program memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: 122 atxmega128a1, atxmega128a1u, atxmega128a4u). 123 124 Instruction set avrtiny is for the ATtiny4/5/9/10/20/40 125 microcontrollers. 126 127 @cindex @code{-mall-opcodes} command line option, AVR 128 @item -mall-opcodes 129 Accept all AVR opcodes, even if not supported by @code{-mmcu}. 130 131 @cindex @code{-mno-skip-bug} command line option, AVR 132 @item -mno-skip-bug 133 This option disable warnings for skipping two-word instructions. 134 135 @cindex @code{-mno-wrap} command line option, AVR 136 @item -mno-wrap 137 This option reject @code{rjmp/rcall} instructions with 8K wrap-around. 138 139 @cindex @code{-mrmw} command line option, AVR 140 @item -mrmw 141 Accept Read-Modify-Write (@code{XCH,LAC,LAS,LAT}) instructions. 142 143 @end table 144 145 146 @node AVR Syntax 147 @section Syntax 148 @menu 149 * AVR-Chars:: Special Characters 150 * AVR-Regs:: Register Names 151 * AVR-Modifiers:: Relocatable Expression Modifiers 152 @end menu 153 154 @node AVR-Chars 155 @subsection Special Characters 156 157 @cindex line comment character, AVR 158 @cindex AVR line comment character 159 160 The presence of a @samp{;} anywhere on a line indicates the start of a 161 comment that extends to the end of that line. 162 163 If a @samp{#} appears as the first character of a line, the whole line 164 is treated as a comment, but in this case the line can also be a 165 logical line number directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor 166 control command (@pxref{Preprocessing}). 167 168 @cindex line separator, AVR 169 @cindex statement separator, AVR 170 @cindex AVR line separator 171 172 The @samp{$} character can be used instead of a newline to separate 173 statements. 174 175 @node AVR-Regs 176 @subsection Register Names 177 178 @cindex AVR register names 179 @cindex register names, AVR 180 181 The AVR has 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers @samp{r0}, 182 @samp{r1}, ... @samp{r31}. 183 Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address 184 register pointers for Data Space addressing. One of the these address 185 pointers can also be used as an address pointer for look up tables in 186 Flash program memory. These added function registers are the 16-bit 187 @samp{X}, @samp{Y} and @samp{Z} - registers. 188 189 @smallexample 190 X = @r{r26:r27} 191 Y = @r{r28:r29} 192 Z = @r{r30:r31} 193 @end smallexample 194 195 @node AVR-Modifiers 196 @subsection Relocatable Expression Modifiers 197 198 @cindex AVR modifiers 199 @cindex syntax, AVR 200 201 The assembler supports several modifiers when using relocatable addresses 202 in AVR instruction operands. The general syntax is the following: 203 204 @smallexample 205 modifier(relocatable-expression) 206 @end smallexample 207 208 @table @code 209 @cindex symbol modifiers 210 211 @item lo8 212 213 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of 214 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. 215 216 @item hi8 217 218 This modifier allows you to use bits 7 through 15 of an address expression 219 as 8 bit relocatable expression. This is useful with, for example, the 220 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8} modifier. 221 222 For example 223 224 @smallexample 225 ldi r26, lo8(sym+10) 226 ldi r27, hi8(sym+10) 227 @end smallexample 228 229 @item hh8 230 231 This modifier allows you to use bits 16 through 23 of 232 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. 233 Also, can be useful for loading 32 bit constants. 234 235 @item hlo8 236 237 Synonym of @samp{hh8}. 238 239 @item hhi8 240 241 This modifier allows you to use bits 24 through 31 of 242 an expression as 8 bit expression. This is useful with, for example, the 243 AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8}, @samp{hi8}, @samp{hlo8}, 244 @samp{hhi8}, modifier. 245 246 For example 247 248 @smallexample 249 ldi r26, lo8(285774925) 250 ldi r27, hi8(285774925) 251 ldi r28, hlo8(285774925) 252 ldi r29, hhi8(285774925) 253 ; r29,r28,r27,r26 = 285774925 254 @end smallexample 255 256 @item pm_lo8 257 258 This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of 259 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. 260 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from 261 Flash/Program memory. The using of @samp{pm_lo8} similar 262 to @samp{lo8}. 263 264 @item pm_hi8 265 266 This modifier allows you to use bits 8 through 15 of 267 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. 268 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from 269 Flash/Program memory. 270 271 @item pm_hh8 272 273 This modifier allows you to use bits 15 through 23 of 274 an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. 275 This modifier useful for addressing data or code from 276 Flash/Program memory. 277 278 @end table 279 280 @node AVR Opcodes 281 @section Opcodes 282 283 @cindex AVR opcode summary 284 @cindex opcode summary, AVR 285 @cindex mnemonics, AVR 286 @cindex instruction summary, AVR 287 For detailed information on the AVR machine instruction set, see 288 @url{www.atmel.com/products/AVR}. 289 290 @code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard AVR opcodes. 291 The following table summarizes the AVR opcodes, and their arguments. 292 293 @smallexample 294 @i{Legend:} 295 r @r{any register} 296 d @r{`ldi' register (r16-r31)} 297 v @r{`movw' even register (r0, r2, ..., r28, r30)} 298 a @r{`fmul' register (r16-r23)} 299 w @r{`adiw' register (r24,r26,r28,r30)} 300 e @r{pointer registers (X,Y,Z)} 301 b @r{base pointer register and displacement ([YZ]+disp)} 302 z @r{Z pointer register (for [e]lpm Rd,Z[+])} 303 M @r{immediate value from 0 to 255} 304 n @r{immediate value from 0 to 255 ( n = ~M ). Relocation impossible} 305 s @r{immediate value from 0 to 7} 306 P @r{Port address value from 0 to 63. (in, out)} 307 p @r{Port address value from 0 to 31. (cbi, sbi, sbic, sbis)} 308 K @r{immediate value from 0 to 63 (used in `adiw', `sbiw')} 309 i @r{immediate value} 310 l @r{signed pc relative offset from -64 to 63} 311 L @r{signed pc relative offset from -2048 to 2047} 312 h @r{absolute code address (call, jmp)} 313 S @r{immediate value from 0 to 7 (S = s << 4)} 314 ? @r{use this opcode entry if no parameters, else use next opcode entry} 315 316 1001010010001000 clc 317 1001010011011000 clh 318 1001010011111000 cli 319 1001010010101000 cln 320 1001010011001000 cls 321 1001010011101000 clt 322 1001010010111000 clv 323 1001010010011000 clz 324 1001010000001000 sec 325 1001010001011000 seh 326 1001010001111000 sei 327 1001010000101000 sen 328 1001010001001000 ses 329 1001010001101000 set 330 1001010000111000 sev 331 1001010000011000 sez 332 100101001SSS1000 bclr S 333 100101000SSS1000 bset S 334 1001010100001001 icall 335 1001010000001001 ijmp 336 1001010111001000 lpm ? 337 1001000ddddd010+ lpm r,z 338 1001010111011000 elpm ? 339 1001000ddddd011+ elpm r,z 340 0000000000000000 nop 341 1001010100001000 ret 342 1001010100011000 reti 343 1001010110001000 sleep 344 1001010110011000 break 345 1001010110101000 wdr 346 1001010111101000 spm 347 000111rdddddrrrr adc r,r 348 000011rdddddrrrr add r,r 349 001000rdddddrrrr and r,r 350 000101rdddddrrrr cp r,r 351 000001rdddddrrrr cpc r,r 352 000100rdddddrrrr cpse r,r 353 001001rdddddrrrr eor r,r 354 001011rdddddrrrr mov r,r 355 100111rdddddrrrr mul r,r 356 001010rdddddrrrr or r,r 357 000010rdddddrrrr sbc r,r 358 000110rdddddrrrr sub r,r 359 001001rdddddrrrr clr r 360 000011rdddddrrrr lsl r 361 000111rdddddrrrr rol r 362 001000rdddddrrrr tst r 363 0111KKKKddddKKKK andi d,M 364 0111KKKKddddKKKK cbr d,n 365 1110KKKKddddKKKK ldi d,M 366 11101111dddd1111 ser d 367 0110KKKKddddKKKK ori d,M 368 0110KKKKddddKKKK sbr d,M 369 0011KKKKddddKKKK cpi d,M 370 0100KKKKddddKKKK sbci d,M 371 0101KKKKddddKKKK subi d,M 372 1111110rrrrr0sss sbrc r,s 373 1111111rrrrr0sss sbrs r,s 374 1111100ddddd0sss bld r,s 375 1111101ddddd0sss bst r,s 376 10110PPdddddPPPP in r,P 377 10111PPrrrrrPPPP out P,r 378 10010110KKddKKKK adiw w,K 379 10010111KKddKKKK sbiw w,K 380 10011000pppppsss cbi p,s 381 10011010pppppsss sbi p,s 382 10011001pppppsss sbic p,s 383 10011011pppppsss sbis p,s 384 111101lllllll000 brcc l 385 111100lllllll000 brcs l 386 111100lllllll001 breq l 387 111101lllllll100 brge l 388 111101lllllll101 brhc l 389 111100lllllll101 brhs l 390 111101lllllll111 brid l 391 111100lllllll111 brie l 392 111100lllllll000 brlo l 393 111100lllllll100 brlt l 394 111100lllllll010 brmi l 395 111101lllllll001 brne l 396 111101lllllll010 brpl l 397 111101lllllll000 brsh l 398 111101lllllll110 brtc l 399 111100lllllll110 brts l 400 111101lllllll011 brvc l 401 111100lllllll011 brvs l 402 111101lllllllsss brbc s,l 403 111100lllllllsss brbs s,l 404 1101LLLLLLLLLLLL rcall L 405 1100LLLLLLLLLLLL rjmp L 406 1001010hhhhh111h call h 407 1001010hhhhh110h jmp h 408 1001010rrrrr0101 asr r 409 1001010rrrrr0000 com r 410 1001010rrrrr1010 dec r 411 1001010rrrrr0011 inc r 412 1001010rrrrr0110 lsr r 413 1001010rrrrr0001 neg r 414 1001000rrrrr1111 pop r 415 1001001rrrrr1111 push r 416 1001010rrrrr0111 ror r 417 1001010rrrrr0010 swap r 418 00000001ddddrrrr movw v,v 419 00000010ddddrrrr muls d,d 420 000000110ddd0rrr mulsu a,a 421 000000110ddd1rrr fmul a,a 422 000000111ddd0rrr fmuls a,a 423 000000111ddd1rrr fmulsu a,a 424 1001001ddddd0000 sts i,r 425 1001000ddddd0000 lds r,i 426 10o0oo0dddddbooo ldd r,b 427 100!000dddddee-+ ld r,e 428 10o0oo1rrrrrbooo std b,r 429 100!001rrrrree-+ st e,r 430 1001010100011001 eicall 431 1001010000011001 eijmp 432 @end smallexample 433
