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<p><em>Published May 02, 2016 | Updated May 04, 2016</em></p>

<p>The Android Security Bulletin contains details of security vulnerabilities
affecting Android devices. Alongside the bulletin, we have released a
security update to Nexus devices through an over-the-air (OTA) update. The
Nexus firmware images have also been released to the
<a href="https://developers.google.com/android/nexus/images">Google Developer site</a>.
Security Patch Levels of May 01, 2016 or later address these issues (refer to
the <a href="https://support.google.com/nexus/answer/4457705">Nexus documentation</a>
for instructions on how to check the security patch level).</p>

<p>Partners were notified about the issues described in the bulletin on April 04,
2016 or earlier. Where applicable, source code patches for these issues have
been released to the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) repository.</p>

<p>The most severe of these issues is a Critical security vulnerability that could
enable remote code execution on an affected device through multiple methods
such as email, web browsing, and MMS when processing media files. The
<a href="/security/overview/updates-resources.html#severity">severity
assessment</a> is based on the effect that exploiting the vulnerability would
possibly have on an affected device, assuming the platform and service
mitigations are disabled for development purposes or if successfully bypassed.
</p>

<p>We have had no reports of active customer exploitation or abuse of these newly
reported issues. Refer to the <a href="#mitigations">Android and Google Service Mitigations</a>
section for details on the <a href="/security/enhancements/index.html">
Android security platform protections</a> and service protections such as SafetyNet,
which improve the security of the Android platform.</p>

<p>We encourage all customers to accept these updates to their devices.</p>

<h2 id=announcements>Announcements</h2>


<ul>
  <li> To reflect a broader focus, we renamed this bulletin (and all following in the
       series) to the Android Security Bulletin. These bulletins encompass a broader
       range of vulnerabilities that may affect Android devices, even if they do not
       affect Nexus devices.</li>
  <li> We updated the Android Security
       <a href="/security/overview/updates-resources.html#severity">severity ratings</a>.
       These changes were the result of data collected over the last six months on
       reported security vulnerabilities and aim to align severities more closely with
       real world impact to users.</li>
</ul>

<h2 id=android_and_google_service_mitigations>Android and Google Service Mitigations</h2>


<p>This is a summary of the mitigations provided by the
<a href="/security/enhancements/index.html">Android security platform</a>
and service protections such as SafetyNet. These capabilities reduce the
likelihood that security vulnerabilities could be successfully exploited on
Android.</p>

<ul>
  <li> Exploitation for many issues on Android is made more difficult by enhancements
       in newer versions of the Android platform. We encourage all users to update to
       the latest version of Android where possible.</li>
  <li> The Android Security team actively monitors for abuse with
       <a href="http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/source.android.com/en//security/reports/Google_Android_Security_2015_Report_Final.pdf">
       Verify Apps and SafetyNet</a>, which are designed to warn users about
       <a href="http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/source.android.com/en//security/reports/Google_Android_Security_PHA_classifications.pdf">
       Potentially Harmful Applications</a>. Verify Apps is enabled by default on devices with
       <a href="http://www.android.com/gms">Google Mobile Services</a>, and is especially
       important for users who install applications from outside
       of Google Play. Device rooting tools are prohibited within Google Play, but
       Verify Apps warns users when they attempt to install a detected rooting
       applicationno matter where it comes from. Additionally, Verify Apps attempts
       to identify and block installation of known malicious applications that exploit
       a privilege escalation vulnerability. If such an application has already been
       installed, Verify Apps will notify the user and attempt to remove the detected
       application.</li>
  <li> As appropriate, Google Hangouts and Messenger applications do not automatically
       pass media to processes such as mediaserver.</li>
</ul>

<h2 id=acknowledgements>Acknowledgements</h2>


<p>We would like to thank these researchers for their contributions:</p>

<ul>
  <li> Abhishek Arya, Oliver Chang, and Martin Barbella of Google Chrome Security
       Team: CVE-2016-2454
  <li> Andy Tyler (<a href="https://twitter.com/ticarpi">@ticarpi</a>) of
       <a href="https://www.e2e-assure.com">e2e-assure</a>: CVE-2016-2457
  <li> Chiachih Wu (<a href="https://twitter.com/chiachih_wu">@chiachih_wu</a>) and
       Xuxian Jiang of <a href="http://c0reteam.org">C0RE Team</a>: CVE-2016-2441,
       CVE-2016-2442
  <li> Dzmitry Lukyanenka (<a href="http://www.linkedin.com/in/dzima">
       www.linkedin.com/in/dzima</a>): CVE-2016-2458
  <li> Gal Beniamini: CVE-2016-2431
  <li> Hao Chen of Vulpecker Team, Qihoo 360 Technology Co. Ltd: CVE-2016-2456
  <li> Jake Valletta of Mandiant, a FireEye company: CVE-2016-2060
  <li> Jianqiang Zhao (<a href="https://twitter.com/jianqiangzhao">@jianqiangzhao</a>)
       and pjf (<a href="http://weibo.com/jfpan">weibo.com/jfpan</a>) of IceSword Lab,
       Qihoo 360 Technology Co. Ltd: CVE-2016-2434, CVE-2016-2435, CVE-2016-2436,
       CVE-2016-2441, CVE-2016-2442, CVE-2016-2444, CVE-2016-2445, CVE-2016-2446
  <li> Imre Rad of <a href="http://www.search-lab.hu">Search-Lab Ltd.</a>: CVE-2016-4477
  <li> Jeremy C. Joslin of Google: CVE-2016-2461
  <li> Kenny Root of Google: CVE-2016-2462
  <li> Marco Grassi (<a href="https://twitter.com/marcograss">@marcograss</a>) of KeenLab
       (<a href="https://twitter.com/keen_lab">@keen_lab</a>), Tencent: CVE-2016-2443
  <li> Micha Bednarski (<a href="https://github.com/michalbednarski">
       https://github.com/michalbednarski</a>): CVE-2016-2440
  <li> Mingjian Zhou (<a href="https://twitter.com/Mingjian_Zhou">@Mingjian_Zhou</a>),
       Chiachih Wu (<a href="https://twitter.com/chiachih_wu">@chiachih_wu</a>), and Xuxian
       Jiang of <a href="http://c0reteam.org">C0RE Team</a>: CVE-2016-2450, CVE-2016-2448,
       CVE-2016-2449, CVE-2016-2451, CVE-2016-2452
  <li> Peter Pi (<a href="https://twitter.com/heisecode">@heisecode</a>) of Trend Micro:
       CVE-2016-2459, CVE-2016-2460
  <li> Weichao Sun (<a href="https://twitter.com/sunblate">@sunblate</a>) of Alibaba Inc.:
       CVE-2016-2428, CVE-2016-2429
  <li> <a href="mailto:computernik (a] gmail.com">Yuan-Tsung Lo</a>, <a href="mailto:zlbzlb815 (a] 163.com">
       Lubo Zhang</a>, Chiachih Wu (<a href="https://twitter.com/chiachih_wu">@chiachih_wu</a>),
       and Xuxian Jiang of <a href="http://c0reteam.org">C0RE Team</a>: CVE-2016-2437
  <li> Yulong Zhang and Tao (Lenx) Wei of Baidu X-Lab: CVE-2016-2439
  <li> Zach Riggle (<a href="https://twitter.com/ebeip90">@ebeip90</a>) of the Android
       Security Team: CVE-2016-2430
</ul>

<h2 id=security_vulnerability_details>Security Vulnerability Details</h2>


<p>In the sections below, we provide details for each of the security
vulnerabilities that apply to the 2016-05-01 patch level. There is a description of the issue,
a severity rationale, and a table with the CVE, associated bug, severity,
updated Nexus devices, updated AOSP versions (where applicable), and date reported.
When available, we will link the AOSP change that addressed the issue to
the bug ID. When multiple changes relate to a single bug, additional AOSP
references are linked to numbers following the bug ID.</p>

<h3 id=remote_code_execution_vulnerability_in_mediaserver>
Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in Mediaserver</h3>


<p>During media file and data processing of a specially crafted file, a
vulnerability in mediaserver could allow an attacker to cause memory corruption
and remote code execution as the mediaserver process.</p>

<p>The affected functionality is provided as a core part of the operating system
and there are multiple applications that allow it to be reached with remote
content, most notably MMS and browser playback of media.</p>

<p>This issue is rated as Critical severity due to the possibility of remote code
execution within the context of the mediaserver service. The mediaserver
service has access to audio and video streams, as well as access to privileges
that third-party apps could not normally access.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="18%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bugs</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Updated AOSP versions</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2428</td>
    <td><a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/aac/+/5d4405f601fa11a8955fd7611532c982420e4206">
        26751339</a></td>
    <td>Critical</td>
    <td><a href="#nexus_devices">All Nexus</a></td>
    <td>4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1</td>
    <td>Jan 22, 2016</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2429</td>
    <td><a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/flac/+/b499389da21d89d32deff500376c5ee4f8f0b04c">
        27211885</a></td>
    <td>Critical</td>
    <td><a href="#nexus_devices">All Nexus</a></td>
    <td>4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1</td>
    <td>Feb 16, 2016</td>
 </tr>
</table>


<h3 id=elevation_of_privilege_vulnerability_in_debuggerd>
Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in Debuggerd</h3>


<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the integrated Android debugger
could enable a local malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the
context of the Android debugger. This issue is rated as Critical severity due
to the possibility of a local permanent device compromise, which may require
reflashing the operating system to repair the device.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="18%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bug</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Updated AOSP versions</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2430</td>
    <td><a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/ad54cfed4516292654c997910839153264ae00a0">
        27299236</a></td>
    <td>Critical</td>
    <td><a href="#nexus_devices">All Nexus</a></td>
    <td>4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1</td>
    <td>Feb 22, 2016</td>
 </tr>
</table>


<h3 id=elevation_of_privilege_vulnerability_in_qualcomm_trustzone>
Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in Qualcomm TrustZone </h3>


<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the Qualcomm TrustZone component
could enable a secure local malicious application to execute arbitrary code
within the context of the TrustZone kernel. This issue is rated as Critical
severity due to the possibility of a local permanent device compromise, which
may require reflashing the operating system to repair the device.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="27%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bugs</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2431</td>
    <td>24968809*</td>
    <td>Critical</td>
    <td>Nexus 5, Nexus 6, Nexus 7 (2013), Android One</td>
    <td>Oct 15, 2015</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2432</td>
    <td>25913059*</td>
    <td>Critical</td>
    <td>Nexus 6, Android One</td>
    <td>Nov 28, 2015</td>
 </tr>
</table>
<p>* The patch for this issue is not in AOSP. The update is contained in the
latest binary drivers for Nexus devices available from the
<a href="https://developers.google.com/android/nexus/drivers">Google Developer
site</a>.</p>

<h3 id=elevation_of_privilege_vulnerability_in_qualcomm_wi-fi_driver>
Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in Qualcomm Wi-Fi Driver</h3>


<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the Qualcomm Wi-Fi driver could
enable a local malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the
context of the kernel. This issue is rated as Critical severity due to
possibility of a local privilege escalation and arbitrary code execution
leading to the possibility of a local permanent device compromise, which may
require reflashing the operating system to repair the device.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="27%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bugs</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2015-0569</td>
    <td>26754117*</td>
    <td>Critical</td>
    <td>Nexus 5X, Nexus 7 (2013)</td>
    <td>Jan 23, 2016</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2015-0570</td>
    <td>26764809*</td>
    <td>Critical</td>
    <td>Nexus 5X, Nexus 7 (2013)</td>
    <td>Jan 25, 2016</td>
 </tr>
</table>
<p>* The patch for this issue is not in AOSP. The update is contained in the
latest binary drivers for Nexus devices available from the
<a href="https://developers.google.com/android/nexus/drivers">Google Developer
site</a>.</p>

<h3 id=elevation_of_privilege_vulnerability_in_nvidia_video_driver>
Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in NVIDIA Video Driver</h3>


<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the NVIDIA video driver could enable
a local malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the context of
the kernel. This issue is rated as Critical severity due to the possibility of
a local permanent device compromise, which may require reflashing the operating
system to repair the device.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="27%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bugs</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2434</td>
    <td>27251090*</td>
    <td>Critical</td>
    <td>Nexus 9</td>
    <td>Feb 17, 2016</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2435</td>
    <td>27297988*</td>
    <td>Critical</td>
    <td>Nexus 9</td>
    <td>Feb 20, 2016</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2436</td>
    <td>27299111*</td>
    <td>Critical</td>
    <td>Nexus 9</td>
    <td>Feb 22, 2016</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2437</td>
    <td>27436822*</td>
    <td>Critical</td>
    <td>Nexus 9</td>
    <td>Mar 1, 2016</td>
 </tr>
</table>
<p>* The patch for this issue is not in AOSP. The update is contained in the
latest binary drivers for Nexus devices available from the
<a href="https://developers.google.com/android/nexus/drivers">Google Developer
site</a>.</p>

<h3 id=elevation_of_privilege_vulnerability_in_kernel>
Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in Kernel</h3>


<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the kernel could enable a local
malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the context of the
kernel. This issue is rated as Critical severity due to the possibility of a
local privilege escalation and arbitrary code execution leading to the
possibility of a local permanent device compromise, which may require
reflashing the operating system to repair the device. This issue was described
in <a href="/security/advisory/2016-03-18.html">Android Security Advisory 2016-03-18</a>.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="27%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bug</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2015-1805</td>
    <td>27275324*</td>
    <td>Critical</td>
    <td>Nexus 5, Nexus 5X, Nexus 6, Nexus 6P, Nexus 7 (2013), Nexus 9</td>
    <td>Feb 19, 2016</td>
 </tr>
</table>
<p>* The patch in AOSP is available for specific kernel versions:
<a href="https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/common/+/bf010e99c9bc48002f6bfa1ad801a59bf996270f">3.14</a>,
<a href="https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/common/+/4a5a45669796c5b4617109182e25b321f9f00beb">3.10</a>, and
<a href="https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/common/+/f7ebfe91b806501808413c8473a300dff58ddbb5">3.4</a>.</p>

<h3 id=remote_code_execution_vulnerability_in_kernel>
Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in Kernel</h3>


<p>A remote code execution vulnerability in the audio subsystem could enable a
local malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the context of the
kernel. Normally a kernel code execution bug like this would be rated Critical,
but because it first requires compromising a privileged service in order to
call the audio subsystem, it is rated High severity.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="27%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bug</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2438</td>
    <td>26636060*</td>
    <td>High</td>
    <td>Nexus 9 </td>
    <td>Google Internal</td>
 </tr>
</table>
<p>* The patch for this issue is available in
<a href="https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/b5a663aa426f4884c71cd8580adae73f33570f0d">
Linux upstream</a>.</p>

<h3 id=information_disclosure_vulnerability_in_qualcomm_tethering_controller>
Information Disclosure Vulnerability in Qualcomm Tethering Controller</h3>


<p>An information disclosure vulnerability in the Qualcomm Tethering controller
could allow a local malicious application to access personal identifiable
information without the privileges to do so. This issue is rated as High
severity because it can be used to gain elevated capabilities, such as
<a href="http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/permission-element.html#plevel">Signature</a> or
<a href="http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/permission-element.html#plevel">SignatureOrSystem</a>
permissions privileges, which are not accessible to a third-party application.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="27%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bug</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2060</td>
    <td>27942588*</td>
    <td>High</td>
    <td>None</td>
    <td>Mar 23, 2016</td>
 </tr>
</table>
<p>* The patch for this issue is not in AOSP. The update should be contained in the
latest drivers of affected devices.</p>

<h3 id=remote_code_execution_vulnerability_in_bluetooth>
Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in Bluetooth</h3>


<p>During pairing of a Bluetooth device, a vulnerability in Bluetooth could allow
a proximal attacker to execute arbitrary code during the pairing process. This
issue is rated as High severity due to the possibility of remote code execution
during the initialization of a Bluetooth device.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="18%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bug</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Updated AOSP versions</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2439</td>
    <td><a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/bt/+/9b534de2aca5d790c2a1c4d76b545f16137d95dd">
        27411268</a></td>
    <td>High</td>
    <td><a href="#nexus_devices">All Nexus</a></td>
    <td>4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1</td>
    <td>Feb 28, 2016</td>
 </tr>
</table>


<h3 id=elevation_of_privilege_vulnerability_in_binder>
Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in Binder</h3>


<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability in Binder could allow a local malicious
application to execute arbitrary code within the context of another apps
process. While freeing memory, a vulnerability in the Binder could allow an
attacker to cause local code execution. This issue is rated as High severity
due to the possibility of local code execution during free memory process in
the Binder.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="18%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bug</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Updated AOSP versions</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2440</td>
    <td><a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/native/+/a59b827869a2ea04022dd225007f29af8d61837a">
        27252896</a></td>
    <td>High</td>
    <td><a href="#nexus_devices">All Nexus</a></td>
    <td>4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1</td>
    <td>Feb 18, 2016</td>
 </tr>
</table>


<h3 id=elevation_of_privilege_vulnerability_in_qualcomm_buspm_driver>
Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in Qualcomm Buspm Driver</h3>


<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the Qualcomm buspm driver could
enable a local malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the
context of the kernel. Normally a kernel code execution bug like this would be
rated Critical, but because it first requires compromising a service that can
call the driver, it is rated as High severity.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="27%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bugs</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2441</td>
    <td>26354602*</td>
    <td>High</td>
    <td>Nexus 5X, Nexus 6, Nexus 6P</td>
    <td>Dec 30, 2015</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2442</td>
    <td>26494907*</td>
    <td>High</td>
    <td>Nexus 5X, Nexus 6, Nexus 6P</td>
    <td>Dec 30, 2015</td>
 </tr>
</table>
<p>* The patch for this issue is not in AOSP. The update is contained in the
latest binary drivers for Nexus devices available from the
<a href="https://developers.google.com/android/nexus/drivers">Google Developer site</a>.</p>

<h3 id=elevation_of_privilege_vulnerability_in_qualcomm_mdp_driver>
Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in Qualcomm MDP Driver</h3>


<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the Qualcomm MDP driver could enable
a local malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the context of
the kernel. Normally a kernel code execution bug like this would be rated
Critical, but because it first requires compromising a service that can call
the driver, it is rated as High severity.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="27%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bug</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2443</td>
    <td>26404525*</td>
    <td>High</td>
    <td>Nexus 5, Nexus 7 (2013)</td>
    <td>Jan 5, 2016</td>
 </tr>
</table>
<p>* The patch for this issue is not in AOSP. The update is contained in the
latest binary drivers for Nexus devices available from the
<a href="https://developers.google.com/android/nexus/drivers">Google Developer site</a>.</p>

<h3 id=eop_in_qualcomm_wi-fi_driver>
Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in Qualcomm Wi-Fi Driver</h3>


<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the Qualcomm Wi-Fi component could
enable a local malicious application to invoke system calls changing the device
settings and behavior without the privileges to do so. This issue is rated as
High severity because it could be used to gain local access to elevated
capabilities, such as
<a href="http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/permission-element.html#plevel">Signature</a> or
<a href="http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/permission-element.html#plevel">SignatureOrSystem</a>
permissions privileges, which are not accessible to a third-party application.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="27%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bug</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2015-0571</td>
    <td>26763920*</td>
    <td>High</td>
    <td>Nexus 5X, Nexus 7 (2013)</td>
    <td>Jan 25, 2016</td>
 </tr>
</table>
<p>* The patch for this issue is not in AOSP. The update is contained in the
latest binary drivers for Nexus devices available from the
<a href="https://developers.google.com/android/nexus/drivers">Google Developer site</a>.</p>

<h3 id=eop_in_nvidia_video_driver>
Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in NVIDIA Video Driver</h3>


<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the NVIDIA media driver could enable
a local malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the context of
the kernel. Normally a kernel code execution bug like this would be rated
Critical, but because it first requires compromising a high privilege service
to call the driver, it is rated High severity.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="27%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bugs</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2444</td>
    <td>27208332*</td>
    <td>High</td>
    <td>Nexus 9</td>
    <td>Feb 16, 2016</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2445</td>
    <td>27253079*</td>
    <td>High</td>
    <td>Nexus 9</td>
    <td>Feb 17, 2016</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2446</td>
    <td>27441354*</td>
    <td>High</td>
    <td>Nexus 9</td>
    <td>Mar 1, 2016</td>
 </tr>
</table>
<p>* The patch for this issue is not in AOSP. The update is contained in the
latest binary drivers for Nexus devices available from the
<a href="https://developers.google.com/android/nexus/drivers">Google Developer site</a>.</p>

<h3 id=eop_in_wi-fi>
Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in Wi-Fi</h3>


<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability in Wi-Fi could enable a local malicious
application to execute arbitrary code within the context of an elevated system
application. This issue is rated as High severity because it could also be used
to gain elevated capabilities, such as
<a href="http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/permission-element.html#plevel">Signature</a> or
<a href="http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/permission-element.html#plevel">SignatureOrSystem</a>
permissions privileges, which are not accessible to third-party applications.</p>

<p><strong>Note</strong>:The CVE number has been updated, per MITRE request,
from CVE-2016-2447 to CVE-2016-4477.</p>

<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="18%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bug</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Updated AOSP versions</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-4477</td>
    <td><a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/wpa_supplicant_8/+/b79e09574e50e168dd5f19d540ae0b9a05bd1535">
        27371366</a>
        [<a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/wpa_supplicant_8/+/b845b81ec6d724bd359cdb77f515722dd4066cf8">2</a>]
    </td>
    <td>High</td>
    <td><a href="#nexus_devices">All Nexus</a></td>
    <td>4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1</td>
    <td>Feb 24, 2016</td>
 </tr>
</table>


<h3 id=elevation_of_privilege_vulnerability_in_mediaserver>
Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in Mediaserver</h3>


<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability in mediaserver could enable a local
malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the context of an
elevated system application. This issue is rated as High severity because it
could be used to gain elevated capabilities, such as
<a href="http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/permission-element.html#plevel">Signature</a> or
<a href="http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/permission-element.html#plevel">SignatureOrSystem</a>
permissions privileges, which are not accessible to a third-party application.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="18%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bugs</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Updated AOSP versions</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2448</td>
    <td><a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/av/+/a2d1d85726aa2a3126e9c331a8e00a8c319c9e2b">
        27533704</a></td>
    <td>High</td>
    <td><a href="#nexus_devices">All Nexus</a></td>
    <td>4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1</td>
    <td>Mar 7, 2016</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2449</td>
    <td><a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/av/+/b04aee833c5cfb6b31b8558350feb14bb1a0f353">
        27568958</a></td>
    <td>High</td>
    <td><a href="#nexus_devices">All Nexus</a></td>
    <td>4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1</td>
    <td>Mar 9, 2016</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2450</td>
    <td><a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/av/+/7fd96ebfc4c9da496c59d7c45e1f62be178e626d">
        27569635</a></td>
    <td>High</td>
    <td><a href="#nexus_devices">All Nexus</a></td>
    <td>4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1</td>
    <td>Mar 9, 2016</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2451</td>
    <td><a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/av/+/f9ed2fe6d61259e779a37d4c2d7edb33a1c1f8ba">
        27597103</a></td>
    <td>High</td>
    <td><a href="#nexus_devices">All Nexus</a></td>
    <td>4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1</td>
    <td>Mar 10, 2016</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2452</td>
    <td><a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/av/+/44749eb4f273f0eb681d0fa013e3beef754fa687">
        27662364</a>
        [<a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/av/+/65756b4082cd79a2d99b2ccb5b392291fd53703f">2</a>]
        [<a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/av/+/daa85dac2055b22dabbb3b4e537597e6ab73a866">3</a>]
    </td>
    <td>High</td>
    <td><a href="#nexus_devices">All Nexus</a></td>
    <td>4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1</td>
    <td>Mar 14, 2016</td>
 </tr>
</table>


<h3 id=elevation_of_privilege_vulnerability_in_mediatek_wi-fi_driver>
Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in MediaTek Wi-Fi Driver</h3>


<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the MediaTek Wi-Fi driver could
enable a local malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the
context of the kernel. Normally a kernel code execution bug like this would be
rated Critical, but because it first requires compromising a service that can
call the driver, it is rated as High severity.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="27%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bug</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2453</td>
    <td>27549705*</td>
    <td>High</td>
    <td>Android One</td>
    <td>Mar 8, 2016</td>
 </tr>
</table>
<p>* The patch for this issue is not in AOSP. The update is contained in the
latest binary drivers for Nexus devices available from the
<a href="https://developers.google.com/android/nexus/drivers">Google Developer site</a>.</p>

<h3 id=remote_denial_of_service_vulnerability_in_qualcomm_hardware_codec>
Remote Denial of Service Vulnerability in Qualcomm Hardware Codec</h3>


<p>During media file and data processing of a specially crafted file, a remote
denial of service vulnerability in the Qualcomm hardware video codec could
allow a remote attacker to block access to an affected device by causing a
device reboot. This is rated as High severity due to the possibility of remote
denial of service.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="27%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bug</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2454</td>
    <td>26221024*</td>
    <td>High</td>
    <td>Nexus 5</td>
    <td>Dec 16, 2015</td>
 </tr>
</table>
<p>* The patch for this issue is not in AOSP. The update is contained in the
latest binary drivers for Nexus devices available from the
<a href="https://developers.google.com/android/nexus/drivers">Google Developer site</a>.</p>

<h3 id=elevation_of_privilege_vulnerability_in_conscrypt>
Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in Conscrypt</h3>


<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability in Conscrypt could allow an local
application to believe a message was authenticated when it was not. This issue
is rated as Moderate severity because it requires coordinated steps across
multiple devices.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="18%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bugs</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Updated AOSP versions</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2461</td>
    <td><a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/conscrypt/+/50d0447566db4a77d78d592f1c1b5d31096fac8f">
        27324690</a>
        [<a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/conscrypt/+/1638945d4ed9403790962ec7abed1b7a232a9ff8">2</a>]
    </td>
    <td>Moderate</td>
    <td><a href="#nexus_devices">All Nexus</a></td>
    <td>6.0, 6.0.1</td>
    <td>Google Internal</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2462</td>
    <td><a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/conscrypt/+/8bec47d2184fca7e8b7337d2a65b2b75a9bc8f54">
        27371173</a></td>
    <td>Moderate</td>
    <td><a href="#nexus_devices">All Nexus</a></td>
    <td>6.0, 6.0.1</td>
    <td>Google Internal</td>
 </tr>
</table>


<h3 id=elevation_of_privilege_vulnerability_in_openssl_&_boringssl>
Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in OpenSSL & BoringSSL</h3>


<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability in OpenSSL and BoringSSL could enable a
local malicious application to access data outside of its permission levels.
Normally this would be rated High, but because it requires an uncommon manual
configuration, it is rated as Moderate severity.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="18%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bug</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Updated AOSP versions</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-0705</td>
    <td><a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/boringssl/+/591be84e89682622957c8f103ca4be3a5ed0f800">
        27449871</a></td>
    <td>Moderate</td>
    <td><a href="#nexus_devices">All Nexus</a></td>
    <td>4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1</td>
    <td>Feb 7, 2016</td>
 </tr>
</table>


<h3 id=eop_in_mediatek_wi-fi_driver>
Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in MediaTek Wi-Fi Driver</h3>


<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability in MediaTek Wi-Fi driver could enable a
local malicious application to cause a denial of service. Normally an elevation
of privilege bug like this would be rated High, but because it requires first
compromising a system service, it is rated as Moderate severity.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="27%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bug</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2456</td>
    <td>27275187*</td>
    <td>Moderate</td>
    <td>Android One</td>
    <td>Feb 19, 2016</td>
 </tr>
</table>
<p>* The patch for this issue is not in AOSP. The update is contained in the
latest binary drivers for Nexus devices available from the
<a href="https://developers.google.com/android/nexus/drivers">Google Developer site</a>.</p>

<h3 id=elevation_of_privilege_vulnerability_in_wi-fi>
Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability in Wi-Fi</h3>


<p>An elevation of privilege vulnerability in Wi-Fi could enable a guest account
to modify the Wi-Fi settings that persist for the primary user. This issue is
rated as Moderate severity because it enables local access to "
<a href="http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/permission-element.html#plevel">
dangerous</a>" capabilities without permission.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="18%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bug</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Updated AOSP versions</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2457</td>
    <td><a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/12332e05f632794e18ea8c4ac52c98e82532e5db">
        27411179</a></td>
    <td>Moderate</td>
    <td><a href="#nexus_devices">All Nexus</a></td>
    <td>5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1</td>
    <td>Feb 29, 2016</td>
 </tr>
</table>


<h3 id=information_disclosure_vulnerability_in_aosp_mail>
Information Disclosure Vulnerability in AOSP Mail</h3>


<p>An information disclosure vulnerability in AOSP Mail could enable a local
malicious application to gain access to users private information. This issue
is rated Moderate severity because it could be used to improperly access data
without permission.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="18%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bug</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Updated AOSP versions</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2458</td>
    <td><a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/apps/UnifiedEmail/+/a55168330d9326ff2120285763c818733590266a">
        27335139</a>
        [<a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/packages/apps/Email/+/2791f0b33b610247ef87278862e66c6045f89693">2</a>]
    </td>
    <td>Moderate</td>
    <td><a href="#nexus_devices">All Nexus</a></td>
    <td>5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1</td>
    <td>Feb 23, 2016</td>
 </tr>
</table>


<h3 id=information_disclosure_vulnerability_in_mediaserver>
Information Disclosure Vulnerability in Mediaserver</h3>


<p>An information disclosure vulnerability in Mediaserver could allow an
application to access sensitive information. This issue is rated as Moderate
severity because it could be used to improperly access data without permission.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="18%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bugs</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Updated AOSP versions</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2459</td>
    <td><a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/native/+/a30d7d90c4f718e46fb41a99b3d52800e1011b73">
        27556038</a></td>
    <td>Moderate</td>
    <td><a href="#nexus_devices">All Nexus</a></td>
    <td>4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1</td>
    <td>Mar 7, 2016</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-2460</td>
    <td><a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/native/+/a30d7d90c4f718e46fb41a99b3d52800e1011b73">
        27555981</a></td>
    <td>Moderate</td>
    <td><a href="#nexus_devices">All Nexus</a></td>
    <td>4.4.4, 5.0.2, 5.1.1, 6.0, 6.0.1</td>
    <td>Mar 7, 2016</td>
 </tr>
</table>


<h3 id=denial_of_service_vulnerability_in_kernel>
Denial of Service Vulnerability in Kernel</h3>


<p>A denial of service vulnerability in the kernel could allow a local malicious
application to cause a device reboot. This issue is rated as Low severity
because the effect is a temporary denial of service.</p>
<table>
  <col width="19%">
  <col width="16%">
  <col width="10%">
  <col width="27%">
  <col width="16%">
 <tr>
    <th>CVE</th>
    <th>Android bug</th>
    <th>Severity</th>
    <th>Updated Nexus devices</th>
    <th>Date reported</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
    <td>CVE-2016-0774</td>
    <td>27721803*</td>
    <td>Low</td>
    <td><a href="#nexus_devices">All Nexus</a></td>
    <td>Mar 17, 2016</td>
 </tr>
</table>
<p>* The patch for this issue is available in
<a href="https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-stable.git/commit/fs/pipe.c?id=b381fbc509052d07ccf8641fd7560a25d46aaf1e">
Linux upstream</a>.</p>

<h2 id=common_questions_and_answers>Common Questions and Answers</h2>


<p>This section reviews answers to common questions that may occur after reading
this bulletin.</p>

<p><strong>1. How do I determine if my device is updated to address these issues?</strong></p>

<p>Security Patch Levels of May 01, 2016 or later address these issues (refer to
the <a href="https://support.google.com/nexus/answer/4457705">Nexus documentation</a>
for instructions on how to check the security patch level). Device
manufacturers that include these updates should set the patch string level to:
[ro.build.version.security_patch]:[2016-05-01]</p>

<p id="nexus_devices"><strong>2. How do I determine which Nexus devices are affected
by each issue?</strong></p>

<p>In the <a href="#security_vulnerability_details">Security Vulnerability Details</a>
section, each table has an Updated Nexus devices column that covers the range
of affected Nexus devices updated for each issue. This column has a few
options:</p>

<ul>
  <li> <strong>All Nexus devices</strong>: If an issue affects all Nexus devices,
       the table will have All Nexus in the <em>Updated Nexus devices</em> column.
       All Nexus encapsulates the following
       <a href="https://support.google.com/nexus/answer/4457705#nexus_devices">
       supported devices</a>: Nexus 5, Nexus 5X, Nexus 6, Nexus 6P, Nexus 7 (2013),
       Nexus 9, Android One, Nexus Player, and Pixel C.
  <li> <strong>Some Nexus devices</strong>: If an issue doesnt affect all Nexus
       devices, the affected Nexus devices are listed in the <em>Updated Nexus
       devices</em> column.</li>
  <li> <strong>No Nexus devices</strong>: If no Nexus devices are affected by the
       issue, the table will have None in the <em>Updated Nexus devices</em> column.</li>
</ul>

<p><strong>3. Why is CVE-2015-1805 included in this bulletin?</strong></p>
<p>CVE-2015-1805 is included in this bulletin because the <a href="/security/advisory/2016-03-18.html">
Android Security Advisory2016-03-18</a> was published very close to the release of
the April bulletin. Due to the tight timeline, device manufacturers were given the
option to ship fixes from the <a href="2016-04-02.html">Nexus Security BulletinApril 2016</a>,
without the fix for CVE-2015-1805, if they used the April 01, 2016 Security Patch Level.
It is included again in this bulletin as it must be fixed in order to use the
May 01, 2016 Security Patch Level.</p>
<h2 id=revisions>Revisions</h2>


<ul>
  <li> May 02, 2016: Bulletin published.</li>
  <li> May 04, 2016:
    <ul>
      <li> Bulletin revised to include AOSP links.
      <li> List of all Nexus devices updated to include Nexus Player and Pixel C.
      <li> CVE-2016-2447 updated to CVE-2016-4477, per MITRE request.
    </ul>
  </li>
</ul>

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