1 // Copyright 2014 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved. 2 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be 3 // found in the LICENSE file. 4 5 #ifndef PDFIUM_THIRD_PARTY_BASE_NUMERICS_SAFE_CONVERSIONS_H_ 6 #define PDFIUM_THIRD_PARTY_BASE_NUMERICS_SAFE_CONVERSIONS_H_ 7 8 #include <stddef.h> 9 10 #include <limits> 11 #include <ostream> 12 #include <type_traits> 13 14 #include "third_party/base/numerics/safe_conversions_impl.h" 15 16 namespace pdfium { 17 namespace base { 18 19 // The following are helper constexpr template functions and classes for safely 20 // performing a range of conversions, assignments, and tests: 21 // 22 // checked_cast<> - Analogous to static_cast<> for numeric types, except 23 // that it CHECKs that the specified numeric conversion will not overflow 24 // or underflow. NaN source will always trigger a CHECK. 25 // The default CHECK triggers a crash, but the handler can be overriden. 26 // saturated_cast<> - Analogous to static_cast<> for numeric types, except 27 // that it returns a saturated result when the specified numeric conversion 28 // would otherwise overflow or underflow. An NaN source returns 0 by 29 // default, but can be overridden to return a different result. 30 // strict_cast<> - Analogous to static_cast<> for numeric types, except that 31 // it will cause a compile failure if the destination type is not large 32 // enough to contain any value in the source type. It performs no runtime 33 // checking and thus introduces no runtime overhead. 34 // IsValueInRangeForNumericType<>() - A convenience function that returns true 35 // if the type supplied to the template parameter can represent the value 36 // passed as an argument to the function. 37 // IsValueNegative<>() - A convenience function that will accept any arithmetic 38 // type as an argument and will return whether the value is less than zero. 39 // Unsigned types always return false. 40 // SafeUnsignedAbs() - Returns the absolute value of the supplied integer 41 // parameter as an unsigned result (thus avoiding an overflow if the value 42 // is the signed, two's complement minimum). 43 // StrictNumeric<> - A wrapper type that performs assignments and copies via 44 // the strict_cast<> template, and can perform valid arithmetic comparisons 45 // across any range of arithmetic types. StrictNumeric is the return type 46 // for values extracted from a CheckedNumeric class instance. The raw 47 // arithmetic value is extracted via static_cast to the underlying type. 48 // MakeStrictNum() - Creates a new StrictNumeric from the underlying type of 49 // the supplied arithmetic or StrictNumeric type. 50 51 // Convenience function that returns true if the supplied value is in range 52 // for the destination type. 53 template <typename Dst, typename Src> 54 constexpr bool IsValueInRangeForNumericType(Src value) { 55 return internal::DstRangeRelationToSrcRange<Dst>(value).IsValid(); 56 } 57 58 // Forces a crash, like a CHECK(false). Used for numeric boundary errors. 59 struct CheckOnFailure { 60 template <typename T> 61 static T HandleFailure() { 62 #if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__) 63 __builtin_trap(); 64 #else 65 ((void)(*(volatile char*)0 = 0)); 66 #endif 67 return T(); 68 } 69 }; 70 71 // checked_cast<> is analogous to static_cast<> for numeric types, 72 // except that it CHECKs that the specified numeric conversion will not 73 // overflow or underflow. NaN source will always trigger a CHECK. 74 template <typename Dst, class CheckHandler = CheckOnFailure, typename Src> 75 constexpr Dst checked_cast(Src value) { 76 // This throws a compile-time error on evaluating the constexpr if it can be 77 // determined at compile-time as failing, otherwise it will CHECK at runtime. 78 using SrcType = typename internal::UnderlyingType<Src>::type; 79 return IsValueInRangeForNumericType<Dst, SrcType>(value) 80 ? static_cast<Dst>(static_cast<SrcType>(value)) 81 : CheckHandler::template HandleFailure<Dst>(); 82 } 83 84 // Default boundaries for integral/float: max/infinity, lowest/-infinity, 0/NaN. 85 template <typename T> 86 struct SaturationDefaultHandler { 87 static constexpr T NaN() { 88 return std::numeric_limits<T>::has_quiet_NaN 89 ? std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN() 90 : T(); 91 } 92 static constexpr T max() { return std::numeric_limits<T>::max(); } 93 static constexpr T Overflow() { 94 return std::numeric_limits<T>::has_infinity 95 ? std::numeric_limits<T>::infinity() 96 : std::numeric_limits<T>::max(); 97 } 98 static constexpr T lowest() { return std::numeric_limits<T>::lowest(); } 99 static constexpr T Underflow() { 100 return std::numeric_limits<T>::has_infinity 101 ? std::numeric_limits<T>::infinity() * -1 102 : std::numeric_limits<T>::lowest(); 103 } 104 }; 105 106 namespace internal { 107 108 template <typename Dst, template <typename> class S, typename Src> 109 constexpr Dst saturated_cast_impl(Src value, RangeCheck constraint) { 110 // For some reason clang generates much better code when the branch is 111 // structured exactly this way, rather than a sequence of checks. 112 return !constraint.IsOverflowFlagSet() 113 ? (!constraint.IsUnderflowFlagSet() ? static_cast<Dst>(value) 114 : S<Dst>::Underflow()) 115 // Skip this check for integral Src, which cannot be NaN. 116 : (std::is_integral<Src>::value || !constraint.IsUnderflowFlagSet() 117 ? S<Dst>::Overflow() 118 : S<Dst>::NaN()); 119 } 120 121 // saturated_cast<> is analogous to static_cast<> for numeric types, except 122 // that the specified numeric conversion will saturate by default rather than 123 // overflow or underflow, and NaN assignment to an integral will return 0. 124 // All boundary condition behaviors can be overriden with a custom handler. 125 template <typename Dst, 126 template <typename> 127 class SaturationHandler = SaturationDefaultHandler, 128 typename Src> 129 constexpr Dst saturated_cast(Src value) { 130 using SrcType = typename UnderlyingType<Src>::type; 131 return saturated_cast_impl<Dst, SaturationHandler, SrcType>( 132 value, 133 DstRangeRelationToSrcRange<Dst, SaturationHandler, SrcType>(value)); 134 } 135 136 // strict_cast<> is analogous to static_cast<> for numeric types, except that 137 // it will cause a compile failure if the destination type is not large enough 138 // to contain any value in the source type. It performs no runtime checking. 139 template <typename Dst, typename Src> 140 constexpr Dst strict_cast(Src value) { 141 using SrcType = typename UnderlyingType<Src>::type; 142 static_assert(UnderlyingType<Src>::is_numeric, "Argument must be numeric."); 143 static_assert(std::is_arithmetic<Dst>::value, "Result must be numeric."); 144 145 // If you got here from a compiler error, it's because you tried to assign 146 // from a source type to a destination type that has insufficient range. 147 // The solution may be to change the destination type you're assigning to, 148 // and use one large enough to represent the source. 149 // Alternatively, you may be better served with the checked_cast<> or 150 // saturated_cast<> template functions for your particular use case. 151 static_assert(StaticDstRangeRelationToSrcRange<Dst, SrcType>::value == 152 NUMERIC_RANGE_CONTAINED, 153 "The source type is out of range for the destination type. " 154 "Please see strict_cast<> comments for more information."); 155 156 return static_cast<Dst>(static_cast<SrcType>(value)); 157 } 158 159 // Some wrappers to statically check that a type is in range. 160 template <typename Dst, typename Src, class Enable = void> 161 struct IsNumericRangeContained { 162 static const bool value = false; 163 }; 164 165 template <typename Dst, typename Src> 166 struct IsNumericRangeContained< 167 Dst, 168 Src, 169 typename std::enable_if<ArithmeticOrUnderlyingEnum<Dst>::value && 170 ArithmeticOrUnderlyingEnum<Src>::value>::type> { 171 static const bool value = StaticDstRangeRelationToSrcRange<Dst, Src>::value == 172 NUMERIC_RANGE_CONTAINED; 173 }; 174 175 // StrictNumeric implements compile time range checking between numeric types by 176 // wrapping assignment operations in a strict_cast. This class is intended to be 177 // used for function arguments and return types, to ensure the destination type 178 // can always contain the source type. This is essentially the same as enforcing 179 // -Wconversion in gcc and C4302 warnings on MSVC, but it can be applied 180 // incrementally at API boundaries, making it easier to convert code so that it 181 // compiles cleanly with truncation warnings enabled. 182 // This template should introduce no runtime overhead, but it also provides no 183 // runtime checking of any of the associated mathematical operations. Use 184 // CheckedNumeric for runtime range checks of the actual value being assigned. 185 template <typename T> 186 class StrictNumeric { 187 public: 188 using type = T; 189 190 constexpr StrictNumeric() : value_(0) {} 191 192 // Copy constructor. 193 template <typename Src> 194 constexpr StrictNumeric(const StrictNumeric<Src>& rhs) 195 : value_(strict_cast<T>(rhs.value_)) {} 196 197 // This is not an explicit constructor because we implicitly upgrade regular 198 // numerics to StrictNumerics to make them easier to use. 199 template <typename Src> 200 constexpr StrictNumeric(Src value) // NOLINT(runtime/explicit) 201 : value_(strict_cast<T>(value)) {} 202 203 // If you got here from a compiler error, it's because you tried to assign 204 // from a source type to a destination type that has insufficient range. 205 // The solution may be to change the destination type you're assigning to, 206 // and use one large enough to represent the source. 207 // If you're assigning from a CheckedNumeric<> class, you may be able to use 208 // the AssignIfValid() member function, specify a narrower destination type to 209 // the member value functions (e.g. val.template ValueOrDie<Dst>()), use one 210 // of the value helper functions (e.g. ValueOrDieForType<Dst>(val)). 211 // If you've encountered an _ambiguous overload_ you can use a static_cast<> 212 // to explicitly cast the result to the destination type. 213 // If none of that works, you may be better served with the checked_cast<> or 214 // saturated_cast<> template functions for your particular use case. 215 template <typename Dst, 216 typename std::enable_if< 217 IsNumericRangeContained<Dst, T>::value>::type* = nullptr> 218 constexpr operator Dst() const { 219 return static_cast<typename ArithmeticOrUnderlyingEnum<Dst>::type>(value_); 220 } 221 222 private: 223 const T value_; 224 }; 225 226 // Convience wrapper returns a StrictNumeric from the provided arithmetic type. 227 template <typename T> 228 constexpr StrictNumeric<typename UnderlyingType<T>::type> MakeStrictNum( 229 const T value) { 230 return value; 231 } 232 233 // Overload the ostream output operator to make logging work nicely. 234 template <typename T> 235 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const StrictNumeric<T>& value) { 236 os << static_cast<T>(value); 237 return os; 238 } 239 240 #define STRICT_COMPARISON_OP(NAME, OP) \ 241 template <typename L, typename R, \ 242 typename std::enable_if< \ 243 internal::IsStrictOp<L, R>::value>::type* = nullptr> \ 244 constexpr bool operator OP(const L lhs, const R rhs) { \ 245 return SafeCompare<NAME, typename UnderlyingType<L>::type, \ 246 typename UnderlyingType<R>::type>(lhs, rhs); \ 247 } 248 249 STRICT_COMPARISON_OP(IsLess, <); 250 STRICT_COMPARISON_OP(IsLessOrEqual, <=); 251 STRICT_COMPARISON_OP(IsGreater, >); 252 STRICT_COMPARISON_OP(IsGreaterOrEqual, >=); 253 STRICT_COMPARISON_OP(IsEqual, ==); 254 STRICT_COMPARISON_OP(IsNotEqual, !=); 255 256 #undef STRICT_COMPARISON_OP 257 }; 258 259 using internal::strict_cast; 260 using internal::saturated_cast; 261 using internal::SafeUnsignedAbs; 262 using internal::StrictNumeric; 263 using internal::MakeStrictNum; 264 using internal::IsValueNegative; 265 266 // Explicitly make a shorter size_t alias for convenience. 267 using SizeT = StrictNumeric<size_t>; 268 269 } // namespace base 270 } // namespace pdfium 271 272 #endif // PDFIUM_THIRD_PARTY_BASE_NUMERICS_SAFE_CONVERSIONS_H_ 273