1 :mod:`calendar` --- General calendar-related functions 2 ====================================================== 3 4 .. module:: calendar 5 :synopsis: Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation of the Unix cal 6 program. 7 .. sectionauthor:: Drew Csillag <drew_csillag (a] geocities.com> 8 9 **Source code:** :source:`Lib/calendar.py` 10 11 -------------- 12 13 This module allows you to output calendars like the Unix :program:`cal` program, 14 and provides additional useful functions related to the calendar. By default, 15 these calendars have Monday as the first day of the week, and Sunday as the last 16 (the European convention). Use :func:`setfirstweekday` to set the first day of 17 the week to Sunday (6) or to any other weekday. Parameters that specify dates 18 are given as integers. For related 19 functionality, see also the :mod:`datetime` and :mod:`time` modules. 20 21 Most of these functions and classes rely on the :mod:`datetime` module which 22 uses an idealized calendar, the current Gregorian calendar indefinitely extended 23 in both directions. This matches the definition of the "proleptic Gregorian" 24 calendar in Dershowitz and Reingold's book "Calendrical Calculations", where 25 it's the base calendar for all computations. 26 27 28 .. class:: Calendar([firstweekday]) 29 30 Creates a :class:`Calendar` object. *firstweekday* is an integer specifying the 31 first day of the week. ``0`` is Monday (the default), ``6`` is Sunday. 32 33 A :class:`Calendar` object provides several methods that can be used for 34 preparing the calendar data for formatting. This class doesn't do any formatting 35 itself. This is the job of subclasses. 36 37 .. versionadded:: 2.5 38 39 :class:`Calendar` instances have the following methods: 40 41 42 .. method:: iterweekdays() 43 44 Return an iterator for the week day numbers that will be used for one 45 week. The first value from the iterator will be the same as the value of 46 the :attr:`firstweekday` property. 47 48 49 .. method:: itermonthdates(year, month) 50 51 Return an iterator for the month *month* (1--12) in the year *year*. This 52 iterator will return all days (as :class:`datetime.date` objects) for the 53 month and all days before the start of the month or after the end of the 54 month that are required to get a complete week. 55 56 57 .. method:: itermonthdays2(year, month) 58 59 Return an iterator for the month *month* in the year *year* similar to 60 :meth:`itermonthdates`. Days returned will be tuples consisting of a day 61 number and a week day number. 62 63 64 .. method:: itermonthdays(year, month) 65 66 Return an iterator for the month *month* in the year *year* similar to 67 :meth:`itermonthdates`. Days returned will simply be day numbers. 68 69 70 .. method:: monthdatescalendar(year, month) 71 72 Return a list of the weeks in the month *month* of the *year* as full 73 weeks. Weeks are lists of seven :class:`datetime.date` objects. 74 75 76 .. method:: monthdays2calendar(year, month) 77 78 Return a list of the weeks in the month *month* of the *year* as full 79 weeks. Weeks are lists of seven tuples of day numbers and weekday 80 numbers. 81 82 83 .. method:: monthdayscalendar(year, month) 84 85 Return a list of the weeks in the month *month* of the *year* as full 86 weeks. Weeks are lists of seven day numbers. 87 88 89 .. method:: yeardatescalendar(year[, width]) 90 91 Return the data for the specified year ready for formatting. The return 92 value is a list of month rows. Each month row contains up to *width* 93 months (defaulting to 3). Each month contains between 4 and 6 weeks and 94 each week contains 1--7 days. Days are :class:`datetime.date` objects. 95 96 97 .. method:: yeardays2calendar(year[, width]) 98 99 Return the data for the specified year ready for formatting (similar to 100 :meth:`yeardatescalendar`). Entries in the week lists are tuples of day 101 numbers and weekday numbers. Day numbers outside this month are zero. 102 103 104 .. method:: yeardayscalendar(year[, width]) 105 106 Return the data for the specified year ready for formatting (similar to 107 :meth:`yeardatescalendar`). Entries in the week lists are day numbers. Day 108 numbers outside this month are zero. 109 110 111 .. class:: TextCalendar([firstweekday]) 112 113 This class can be used to generate plain text calendars. 114 115 .. versionadded:: 2.5 116 117 :class:`TextCalendar` instances have the following methods: 118 119 120 .. method:: formatmonth(theyear, themonth[, w[, l]]) 121 122 Return a month's calendar in a multi-line string. If *w* is provided, it 123 specifies the width of the date columns, which are centered. If *l* is 124 given, it specifies the number of lines that each week will use. Depends 125 on the first weekday as specified in the constructor or set by the 126 :meth:`setfirstweekday` method. 127 128 129 .. method:: prmonth(theyear, themonth[, w[, l]]) 130 131 Print a month's calendar as returned by :meth:`formatmonth`. 132 133 134 .. method:: formatyear(theyear[, w[, l[, c[, m]]]]) 135 136 Return a *m*-column calendar for an entire year as a multi-line string. 137 Optional parameters *w*, *l*, and *c* are for date column width, lines per 138 week, and number of spaces between month columns, respectively. Depends on 139 the first weekday as specified in the constructor or set by the 140 :meth:`setfirstweekday` method. The earliest year for which a calendar 141 can be generated is platform-dependent. 142 143 144 .. method:: pryear(theyear[, w[, l[, c[, m]]]]) 145 146 Print the calendar for an entire year as returned by :meth:`formatyear`. 147 148 149 .. class:: HTMLCalendar([firstweekday]) 150 151 This class can be used to generate HTML calendars. 152 153 .. versionadded:: 2.5 154 155 :class:`HTMLCalendar` instances have the following methods: 156 157 158 .. method:: formatmonth(theyear, themonth[, withyear]) 159 160 Return a month's calendar as an HTML table. If *withyear* is true the year 161 will be included in the header, otherwise just the month name will be 162 used. 163 164 165 .. method:: formatyear(theyear[, width]) 166 167 Return a year's calendar as an HTML table. *width* (defaulting to 3) 168 specifies the number of months per row. 169 170 171 .. method:: formatyearpage(theyear[, width[, css[, encoding]]]) 172 173 Return a year's calendar as a complete HTML page. *width* (defaulting to 174 3) specifies the number of months per row. *css* is the name for the 175 cascading style sheet to be used. :const:`None` can be passed if no style 176 sheet should be used. *encoding* specifies the encoding to be used for the 177 output (defaulting to the system default encoding). 178 179 180 .. class:: LocaleTextCalendar([firstweekday[, locale]]) 181 182 This subclass of :class:`TextCalendar` can be passed a locale name in the 183 constructor and will return month and weekday names in the specified locale. 184 If this locale includes an encoding all strings containing month and weekday 185 names will be returned as unicode. 186 187 .. versionadded:: 2.5 188 189 190 .. class:: LocaleHTMLCalendar([firstweekday[, locale]]) 191 192 This subclass of :class:`HTMLCalendar` can be passed a locale name in the 193 constructor and will return month and weekday names in the specified 194 locale. If this locale includes an encoding all strings containing month and 195 weekday names will be returned as unicode. 196 197 .. versionadded:: 2.5 198 199 .. note:: 200 201 The :meth:`formatweekday` and :meth:`formatmonthname` methods of these two 202 classes temporarily change the current locale to the given *locale*. Because 203 the current locale is a process-wide setting, they are not thread-safe. 204 205 206 For simple text calendars this module provides the following functions. 207 208 209 .. function:: setfirstweekday(weekday) 210 211 Sets the weekday (``0`` is Monday, ``6`` is Sunday) to start each week. The 212 values :const:`MONDAY`, :const:`TUESDAY`, :const:`WEDNESDAY`, :const:`THURSDAY`, 213 :const:`FRIDAY`, :const:`SATURDAY`, and :const:`SUNDAY` are provided for 214 convenience. For example, to set the first weekday to Sunday:: 215 216 import calendar 217 calendar.setfirstweekday(calendar.SUNDAY) 218 219 .. versionadded:: 2.0 220 221 222 .. function:: firstweekday() 223 224 Returns the current setting for the weekday to start each week. 225 226 .. versionadded:: 2.0 227 228 229 .. function:: isleap(year) 230 231 Returns :const:`True` if *year* is a leap year, otherwise :const:`False`. 232 233 234 .. function:: leapdays(y1, y2) 235 236 Returns the number of leap years in the range from *y1* to *y2* (exclusive), 237 where *y1* and *y2* are years. 238 239 .. versionchanged:: 2.0 240 This function didn't work for ranges spanning a century change in Python 241 1.5.2. 242 243 244 .. function:: weekday(year, month, day) 245 246 Returns the day of the week (``0`` is Monday) for *year* (``1970``--...), 247 *month* (``1``--``12``), *day* (``1``--``31``). 248 249 250 .. function:: weekheader(n) 251 252 Return a header containing abbreviated weekday names. *n* specifies the width in 253 characters for one weekday. 254 255 256 .. function:: monthrange(year, month) 257 258 Returns weekday of first day of the month and number of days in month, for the 259 specified *year* and *month*. 260 261 262 .. function:: monthcalendar(year, month) 263 264 Returns a matrix representing a month's calendar. Each row represents a week; 265 days outside of the month a represented by zeros. Each week begins with Monday 266 unless set by :func:`setfirstweekday`. 267 268 269 .. function:: prmonth(theyear, themonth[, w[, l]]) 270 271 Prints a month's calendar as returned by :func:`month`. 272 273 274 .. function:: month(theyear, themonth[, w[, l]]) 275 276 Returns a month's calendar in a multi-line string using the :meth:`formatmonth` 277 of the :class:`TextCalendar` class. 278 279 .. versionadded:: 2.0 280 281 282 .. function:: prcal(year[, w[, l[c]]]) 283 284 Prints the calendar for an entire year as returned by :func:`calendar`. 285 286 287 .. function:: calendar(year[, w[, l[c]]]) 288 289 Returns a 3-column calendar for an entire year as a multi-line string using the 290 :meth:`formatyear` of the :class:`TextCalendar` class. 291 292 .. versionadded:: 2.0 293 294 295 .. function:: timegm(tuple) 296 297 An unrelated but handy function that takes a time tuple such as returned by 298 the :func:`~time.gmtime` function in the :mod:`time` module, and returns the 299 corresponding Unix timestamp value, assuming an epoch of 1970, and the POSIX 300 encoding. In fact, :func:`time.gmtime` and :func:`timegm` are each others' 301 inverse. 302 303 .. versionadded:: 2.0 304 305 The :mod:`calendar` module exports the following data attributes: 306 307 308 .. data:: day_name 309 310 An array that represents the days of the week in the current locale. 311 312 313 .. data:: day_abbr 314 315 An array that represents the abbreviated days of the week in the current locale. 316 317 318 .. data:: month_name 319 320 An array that represents the months of the year in the current locale. This 321 follows normal convention of January being month number 1, so it has a length of 322 13 and ``month_name[0]`` is the empty string. 323 324 325 .. data:: month_abbr 326 327 An array that represents the abbreviated months of the year in the current 328 locale. This follows normal convention of January being month number 1, so it 329 has a length of 13 and ``month_abbr[0]`` is the empty string. 330 331 332 .. seealso:: 333 334 Module :mod:`datetime` 335 Object-oriented interface to dates and times with similar functionality to the 336 :mod:`time` module. 337 338 Module :mod:`time` 339 Low-level time related functions. 340 341
