1 /* 2 * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project 3 * 4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at 7 * 8 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 9 * 10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 14 * limitations under the License. 15 */ 16 17 package android.net; 18 19 import android.os.Parcelable; 20 import android.os.Parcel; 21 import android.system.ErrnoException; 22 import android.system.Os; 23 import android.system.OsConstants; 24 25 import java.io.FileDescriptor; 26 import java.io.IOException; 27 import java.net.DatagramSocket; 28 import java.net.InetAddress; 29 import java.net.InetSocketAddress; 30 import java.net.MalformedURLException; 31 import java.net.Socket; 32 import java.net.SocketAddress; 33 import java.net.SocketException; 34 import java.net.UnknownHostException; 35 import java.net.URL; 36 import java.net.URLConnection; 37 import java.util.Arrays; 38 import java.util.List; 39 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; 40 import javax.net.SocketFactory; 41 42 import com.android.okhttp.ConnectionPool; 43 import com.android.okhttp.Dns; 44 import com.android.okhttp.HttpHandler; 45 import com.android.okhttp.HttpsHandler; 46 import com.android.okhttp.OkHttpClient; 47 import com.android.okhttp.OkUrlFactory; 48 import com.android.okhttp.internal.Internal; 49 50 /** 51 * Identifies a {@code Network}. This is supplied to applications via 52 * {@link ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback} in response to the active 53 * {@link ConnectivityManager#requestNetwork} or passive 54 * {@link ConnectivityManager#registerNetworkCallback} calls. 55 * It is used to direct traffic to the given {@code Network}, either on a {@link Socket} basis 56 * through a targeted {@link SocketFactory} or process-wide via 57 * {@link ConnectivityManager#bindProcessToNetwork}. 58 */ 59 public class Network implements Parcelable { 60 61 /** 62 * @hide 63 */ 64 public final int netId; 65 66 // Objects used to perform per-network operations such as getSocketFactory 67 // and openConnection, and a lock to protect access to them. 68 private volatile NetworkBoundSocketFactory mNetworkBoundSocketFactory = null; 69 // mLock should be used to control write access to mConnectionPool and mDns. 70 // maybeInitHttpClient() must be called prior to reading either variable. 71 private volatile ConnectionPool mConnectionPool = null; 72 private volatile Dns mDns = null; 73 private final Object mLock = new Object(); 74 75 // Default connection pool values. These are evaluated at startup, just 76 // like the OkHttp code. Also like the OkHttp code, we will throw parse 77 // exceptions at class loading time if the properties are set but are not 78 // valid integers. 79 private static final boolean httpKeepAlive = 80 Boolean.parseBoolean(System.getProperty("http.keepAlive", "true")); 81 private static final int httpMaxConnections = 82 httpKeepAlive ? Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("http.maxConnections", "5")) : 0; 83 private static final long httpKeepAliveDurationMs = 84 Long.parseLong(System.getProperty("http.keepAliveDuration", "300000")); // 5 minutes. 85 86 /** 87 * @hide 88 */ 89 public Network(int netId) { 90 this.netId = netId; 91 } 92 93 /** 94 * @hide 95 */ 96 public Network(Network that) { 97 this.netId = that.netId; 98 } 99 100 /** 101 * Operates the same as {@code InetAddress.getAllByName} except that host 102 * resolution is done on this network. 103 * 104 * @param host the hostname or literal IP string to be resolved. 105 * @return the array of addresses associated with the specified host. 106 * @throws UnknownHostException if the address lookup fails. 107 */ 108 public InetAddress[] getAllByName(String host) throws UnknownHostException { 109 return InetAddress.getAllByNameOnNet(host, netId); 110 } 111 112 /** 113 * Operates the same as {@code InetAddress.getByName} except that host 114 * resolution is done on this network. 115 * 116 * @param host 117 * the hostName to be resolved to an address or {@code null}. 118 * @return the {@code InetAddress} instance representing the host. 119 * @throws UnknownHostException 120 * if the address lookup fails. 121 */ 122 public InetAddress getByName(String host) throws UnknownHostException { 123 return InetAddress.getByNameOnNet(host, netId); 124 } 125 126 /** 127 * A {@code SocketFactory} that produces {@code Socket}'s bound to this network. 128 */ 129 private class NetworkBoundSocketFactory extends SocketFactory { 130 private final int mNetId; 131 132 public NetworkBoundSocketFactory(int netId) { 133 super(); 134 mNetId = netId; 135 } 136 137 private Socket connectToHost(String host, int port, SocketAddress localAddress) 138 throws IOException { 139 // Lookup addresses only on this Network. 140 InetAddress[] hostAddresses = getAllByName(host); 141 // Try all addresses. 142 for (int i = 0; i < hostAddresses.length; i++) { 143 try { 144 Socket socket = createSocket(); 145 if (localAddress != null) socket.bind(localAddress); 146 socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(hostAddresses[i], port)); 147 return socket; 148 } catch (IOException e) { 149 if (i == (hostAddresses.length - 1)) throw e; 150 } 151 } 152 throw new UnknownHostException(host); 153 } 154 155 @Override 156 public Socket createSocket(String host, int port, InetAddress localHost, int localPort) throws IOException { 157 return connectToHost(host, port, new InetSocketAddress(localHost, localPort)); 158 } 159 160 @Override 161 public Socket createSocket(InetAddress address, int port, InetAddress localAddress, 162 int localPort) throws IOException { 163 Socket socket = createSocket(); 164 socket.bind(new InetSocketAddress(localAddress, localPort)); 165 socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(address, port)); 166 return socket; 167 } 168 169 @Override 170 public Socket createSocket(InetAddress host, int port) throws IOException { 171 Socket socket = createSocket(); 172 socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(host, port)); 173 return socket; 174 } 175 176 @Override 177 public Socket createSocket(String host, int port) throws IOException { 178 return connectToHost(host, port, null); 179 } 180 181 @Override 182 public Socket createSocket() throws IOException { 183 Socket socket = new Socket(); 184 bindSocket(socket); 185 return socket; 186 } 187 } 188 189 /** 190 * Returns a {@link SocketFactory} bound to this network. Any {@link Socket} created by 191 * this factory will have its traffic sent over this {@code Network}. Note that if this 192 * {@code Network} ever disconnects, this factory and any {@link Socket} it produced in the 193 * past or future will cease to work. 194 * 195 * @return a {@link SocketFactory} which produces {@link Socket} instances bound to this 196 * {@code Network}. 197 */ 198 public SocketFactory getSocketFactory() { 199 if (mNetworkBoundSocketFactory == null) { 200 synchronized (mLock) { 201 if (mNetworkBoundSocketFactory == null) { 202 mNetworkBoundSocketFactory = new NetworkBoundSocketFactory(netId); 203 } 204 } 205 } 206 return mNetworkBoundSocketFactory; 207 } 208 209 // TODO: This creates a connection pool and host resolver for 210 // every Network object, instead of one for every NetId. This is 211 // suboptimal, because an app could potentially have more than one 212 // Network object for the same NetId, causing increased memory footprint 213 // and performance penalties due to lack of connection reuse (connection 214 // setup time, congestion window growth time, etc.). 215 // 216 // Instead, investigate only having one connection pool and host resolver 217 // for every NetId, perhaps by using a static HashMap of NetIds to 218 // connection pools and host resolvers. The tricky part is deciding when 219 // to remove a map entry; a WeakHashMap shouldn't be used because whether 220 // a Network is referenced doesn't correlate with whether a new Network 221 // will be instantiated in the near future with the same NetID. A good 222 // solution would involve purging empty (or when all connections are timed 223 // out) ConnectionPools. 224 private void maybeInitHttpClient() { 225 synchronized (mLock) { 226 if (mDns == null) { 227 mDns = new Dns() { 228 @Override 229 public List<InetAddress> lookup(String hostname) throws UnknownHostException { 230 return Arrays.asList(Network.this.getAllByName(hostname)); 231 } 232 }; 233 } 234 if (mConnectionPool == null) { 235 mConnectionPool = new ConnectionPool(httpMaxConnections, 236 httpKeepAliveDurationMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); 237 } 238 } 239 } 240 241 /** 242 * Opens the specified {@link URL} on this {@code Network}, such that all traffic will be sent 243 * on this Network. The URL protocol must be {@code HTTP} or {@code HTTPS}. 244 * 245 * @return a {@code URLConnection} to the resource referred to by this URL. 246 * @throws MalformedURLException if the URL protocol is not HTTP or HTTPS. 247 * @throws IOException if an error occurs while opening the connection. 248 * @see java.net.URL#openConnection() 249 */ 250 public URLConnection openConnection(URL url) throws IOException { 251 final ConnectivityManager cm = ConnectivityManager.getInstanceOrNull(); 252 if (cm == null) { 253 throw new IOException("No ConnectivityManager yet constructed, please construct one"); 254 } 255 // TODO: Should this be optimized to avoid fetching the global proxy for every request? 256 final ProxyInfo proxyInfo = cm.getProxyForNetwork(this); 257 java.net.Proxy proxy = null; 258 if (proxyInfo != null) { 259 proxy = proxyInfo.makeProxy(); 260 } else { 261 proxy = java.net.Proxy.NO_PROXY; 262 } 263 return openConnection(url, proxy); 264 } 265 266 /** 267 * Opens the specified {@link URL} on this {@code Network}, such that all traffic will be sent 268 * on this Network. The URL protocol must be {@code HTTP} or {@code HTTPS}. 269 * 270 * @param proxy the proxy through which the connection will be established. 271 * @return a {@code URLConnection} to the resource referred to by this URL. 272 * @throws MalformedURLException if the URL protocol is not HTTP or HTTPS. 273 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the argument proxy is null. 274 * @throws IOException if an error occurs while opening the connection. 275 * @see java.net.URL#openConnection() 276 */ 277 public URLConnection openConnection(URL url, java.net.Proxy proxy) throws IOException { 278 if (proxy == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("proxy is null"); 279 maybeInitHttpClient(); 280 String protocol = url.getProtocol(); 281 OkUrlFactory okUrlFactory; 282 // TODO: HttpHandler creates OkUrlFactory instances that share the default ResponseCache. 283 // Could this cause unexpected behavior? 284 if (protocol.equals("http")) { 285 okUrlFactory = HttpHandler.createHttpOkUrlFactory(proxy); 286 } else if (protocol.equals("https")) { 287 okUrlFactory = HttpsHandler.createHttpsOkUrlFactory(proxy); 288 } else { 289 // OkHttp only supports HTTP and HTTPS and returns a null URLStreamHandler if 290 // passed another protocol. 291 throw new MalformedURLException("Invalid URL or unrecognized protocol " + protocol); 292 } 293 OkHttpClient client = okUrlFactory.client(); 294 client.setSocketFactory(getSocketFactory()).setConnectionPool(mConnectionPool); 295 // Let network traffic go via mDns 296 client.setDns(mDns); 297 298 return okUrlFactory.open(url); 299 } 300 301 /** 302 * Binds the specified {@link DatagramSocket} to this {@code Network}. All data traffic on the 303 * socket will be sent on this {@code Network}, irrespective of any process-wide network binding 304 * set by {@link ConnectivityManager#bindProcessToNetwork}. The socket must not be 305 * connected. 306 */ 307 public void bindSocket(DatagramSocket socket) throws IOException { 308 // Query a property of the underlying socket to ensure that the socket's file descriptor 309 // exists, is available to bind to a network and is not closed. 310 socket.getReuseAddress(); 311 bindSocket(socket.getFileDescriptor$()); 312 } 313 314 /** 315 * Binds the specified {@link Socket} to this {@code Network}. All data traffic on the socket 316 * will be sent on this {@code Network}, irrespective of any process-wide network binding set by 317 * {@link ConnectivityManager#bindProcessToNetwork}. The socket must not be connected. 318 */ 319 public void bindSocket(Socket socket) throws IOException { 320 // Query a property of the underlying socket to ensure that the socket's file descriptor 321 // exists, is available to bind to a network and is not closed. 322 socket.getReuseAddress(); 323 bindSocket(socket.getFileDescriptor$()); 324 } 325 326 /** 327 * Binds the specified {@link FileDescriptor} to this {@code Network}. All data traffic on the 328 * socket represented by this file descriptor will be sent on this {@code Network}, 329 * irrespective of any process-wide network binding set by 330 * {@link ConnectivityManager#bindProcessToNetwork}. The socket must not be connected. 331 */ 332 public void bindSocket(FileDescriptor fd) throws IOException { 333 try { 334 final SocketAddress peer = Os.getpeername(fd); 335 final InetAddress inetPeer = ((InetSocketAddress) peer).getAddress(); 336 if (!inetPeer.isAnyLocalAddress()) { 337 // Apparently, the kernel doesn't update a connected UDP socket's 338 // routing upon mark changes. 339 throw new SocketException("Socket is connected"); 340 } 341 } catch (ErrnoException e) { 342 // getpeername() failed. 343 if (e.errno != OsConstants.ENOTCONN) { 344 throw e.rethrowAsSocketException(); 345 } 346 } catch (ClassCastException e) { 347 // Wasn't an InetSocketAddress. 348 throw new SocketException("Only AF_INET/AF_INET6 sockets supported"); 349 } 350 351 final int err = NetworkUtils.bindSocketToNetwork(fd.getInt$(), netId); 352 if (err != 0) { 353 // bindSocketToNetwork returns negative errno. 354 throw new ErrnoException("Binding socket to network " + netId, -err) 355 .rethrowAsSocketException(); 356 } 357 } 358 359 /** 360 * Returns a handle representing this {@code Network}, for use with the NDK API. 361 */ 362 public long getNetworkHandle() { 363 // The network handle is explicitly not the same as the netId. 364 // 365 // The netId is an implementation detail which might be changed in the 366 // future, or which alone (i.e. in the absence of some additional 367 // context) might not be sufficient to fully identify a Network. 368 // 369 // As such, the intention is to prevent accidental misuse of the API 370 // that might result if a developer assumed that handles and netIds 371 // were identical and passing a netId to a call expecting a handle 372 // "just worked". Such accidental misuse, if widely deployed, might 373 // prevent future changes to the semantics of the netId field or 374 // inhibit the expansion of state required for Network objects. 375 // 376 // This extra layer of indirection might be seen as paranoia, and might 377 // never end up being necessary, but the added complexity is trivial. 378 // At some future date it may be desirable to realign the handle with 379 // Multiple Provisioning Domains API recommendations, as made by the 380 // IETF mif working group. 381 // 382 // The HANDLE_MAGIC value MUST be kept in sync with the corresponding 383 // value in the native/android/net.c NDK implementation. 384 if (netId == 0) { 385 return 0L; // make this zero condition obvious for debugging 386 } 387 final long HANDLE_MAGIC = 0xfacade; 388 return (((long) netId) << 32) | HANDLE_MAGIC; 389 } 390 391 // implement the Parcelable interface 392 public int describeContents() { 393 return 0; 394 } 395 public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) { 396 dest.writeInt(netId); 397 } 398 399 public static final Creator<Network> CREATOR = 400 new Creator<Network>() { 401 public Network createFromParcel(Parcel in) { 402 int netId = in.readInt(); 403 404 return new Network(netId); 405 } 406 407 public Network[] newArray(int size) { 408 return new Network[size]; 409 } 410 }; 411 412 @Override 413 public boolean equals(Object obj) { 414 if (obj instanceof Network == false) return false; 415 Network other = (Network)obj; 416 return this.netId == other.netId; 417 } 418 419 @Override 420 public int hashCode() { 421 return netId * 11; 422 } 423 424 @Override 425 public String toString() { 426 return Integer.toString(netId); 427 } 428 } 429