xref: /external/clang/lib/Sema/SemaInit.cpp

//===--- SemaInit.cpp - Semantic Analysis for Initializers ----------------===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file implements semantic analysis for initializers.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "clang/Sema/Initialization.h"
#include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
#include "clang/AST/DeclObjC.h"
#include "clang/AST/ExprCXX.h"
#include "clang/AST/ExprObjC.h"
#include "clang/AST/TypeLoc.h"
#include "clang/Basic/TargetInfo.h"
#include "clang/Sema/Designator.h"
#include "clang/Sema/Lookup.h"
#include "clang/Sema/SemaInternal.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/APInt.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallString.h"
#include "llvm/Support/ErrorHandling.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include <map>

using namespace clang;

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Sema Initialization Checking
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

/// \brief Check whether T is compatible with a wide character type (wchar_t,
/// char16_t or char32_t).
static bool IsWideCharCompatible(QualType T, ASTContext &Context) {
  if (Context.typesAreCompatible(Context.getWideCharType(), T))
    return true;
  if (Context.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus || Context.getLangOpts().C11) {
    return Context.typesAreCompatible(Context.Char16Ty, T) ||
           Context.typesAreCompatible(Context.Char32Ty, T);
  }
  return false;
}

enum StringInitFailureKind {
  SIF_None,
  SIF_NarrowStringIntoWideChar,
  SIF_WideStringIntoChar,
  SIF_IncompatWideStringIntoWideChar,
  SIF_Other
};

/// \brief Check whether the array of type AT can be initialized by the Init
/// expression by means of string initialization. Returns SIF_None if so,
/// otherwise returns a StringInitFailureKind that describes why the
/// initialization would not work.
static StringInitFailureKind IsStringInit(Expr *Init, const ArrayType *AT,
                                          ASTContext &Context) {
  if (!isa<ConstantArrayType>(AT) && !isa<IncompleteArrayType>(AT))
    return SIF_Other;

  // See if this is a string literal or @encode.
  Init = Init->IgnoreParens();

  // Handle @encode, which is a narrow string.
  if (isa<ObjCEncodeExpr>(Init) && AT->getElementType()->isCharType())
    return SIF_None;

  // Otherwise we can only handle string literals.
  StringLiteral *SL = dyn_cast<StringLiteral>(Init);
  if (!SL)
    return SIF_Other;

  const QualType ElemTy =
      Context.getCanonicalType(AT->getElementType()).getUnqualifiedType();

  switch (SL->getKind()) {
  case StringLiteral::Ascii:
  case StringLiteral::UTF8:
    // char array can be initialized with a narrow string.
    // Only allow char x[] = "foo";  not char x[] = L"foo";
    if (ElemTy->isCharType())
      return SIF_None;
    if (IsWideCharCompatible(ElemTy, Context))
      return SIF_NarrowStringIntoWideChar;
    return SIF_Other;
  // C99 6.7.8p15 (with correction from DR343), or C11 6.7.9p15:
  // "An array with element type compatible with a qualified or unqualified
  // version of wchar_t, char16_t, or char32_t may be initialized by a wide
  // string literal with the corresponding encoding prefix (L, u, or U,
  // respectively), optionally enclosed in braces.
  case StringLiteral::UTF16:
    if (Context.typesAreCompatible(Context.Char16Ty, ElemTy))
      return SIF_None;
    if (ElemTy->isCharType())
      return SIF_WideStringIntoChar;
    if (IsWideCharCompatible(ElemTy, Context))
      return SIF_IncompatWideStringIntoWideChar;
    return SIF_Other;
  case StringLiteral::UTF32:
    if (Context.typesAreCompatible(Context.Char32Ty, ElemTy))
      return SIF_None;
    if (ElemTy->isCharType())
      return SIF_WideStringIntoChar;
    if (IsWideCharCompatible(ElemTy, Context))
      return SIF_IncompatWideStringIntoWideChar;
    return SIF_Other;
  case StringLiteral::Wide:
    if (Context.typesAreCompatible(Context.getWideCharType(), ElemTy))
      return SIF_None;
    if (ElemTy->isCharType())
      return SIF_WideStringIntoChar;
    if (IsWideCharCompatible(ElemTy, Context))
      return SIF_IncompatWideStringIntoWideChar;
    return SIF_Other;
  }

  llvm_unreachable("missed a StringLiteral kind?");
}

static StringInitFailureKind IsStringInit(Expr *init, QualType declType,
                                          ASTContext &Context) {
  const ArrayType *arrayType = Context.getAsArrayType(declType);
  if (!arrayType)
    return SIF_Other;
  return IsStringInit(init, arrayType, Context);
}

/// Update the type of a string literal, including any surrounding parentheses,
/// to match the type of the object which it is initializing.
static void updateStringLiteralType(Expr *E, QualType Ty) {
  while (true) {
    E->setType(Ty);
    if (isa<StringLiteral>(E) || isa<ObjCEncodeExpr>(E))
      break;
    else if (ParenExpr *PE = dyn_cast<ParenExpr>(E))
      E = PE->getSubExpr();
    else if (UnaryOperator *UO = dyn_cast<UnaryOperator>(E))
      E = UO->getSubExpr();
    else if (GenericSelectionExpr *GSE = dyn_cast<GenericSelectionExpr>(E))
      E = GSE->getResultExpr();
    else
      llvm_unreachable("unexpected expr in string literal init");
  }
}

static void CheckStringInit(Expr *Str, QualType &DeclT, const ArrayType *AT,
                            Sema &S) {
  // Get the length of the string as parsed.
  auto *ConstantArrayTy =
      cast<ConstantArrayType>(Str->getType()->getAsArrayTypeUnsafe());
  uint64_t StrLength = ConstantArrayTy->getSize().getZExtValue();

  if (const IncompleteArrayType *IAT = dyn_cast<IncompleteArrayType>(AT)) {
    // C99 6.7.8p14. We have an array of character type with unknown size
    // being initialized to a string literal.
    llvm::APInt ConstVal(32, StrLength);
    // Return a new array type (C99 6.7.8p22).
    DeclT = S.Context.getConstantArrayType(IAT->getElementType(),
                                           ConstVal,
                                           ArrayType::Normal, 0);
    updateStringLiteralType(Str, DeclT);
    return;
  }

  const ConstantArrayType *CAT = cast<ConstantArrayType>(AT);

  // We have an array of character type with known size.  However,
  // the size may be smaller or larger than the string we are initializing.
  // FIXME: Avoid truncation for 64-bit length strings.
  if (S.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus) {
    if (StringLiteral *SL = dyn_cast<StringLiteral>(Str->IgnoreParens())) {
      // For Pascal strings it's OK to strip off the terminating null character,
      // so the example below is valid:
      //
      // unsigned char a[2] = "\pa";
      if (SL->isPascal())
        StrLength--;
    }

    // [dcl.init.string]p2
    if (StrLength > CAT->getSize().getZExtValue())
      S.Diag(Str->getLocStart(),
             diag::err_initializer_string_for_char_array_too_long)
        << Str->getSourceRange();
  } else {
    // C99 6.7.8p14.
    if (StrLength-1 > CAT->getSize().getZExtValue())
      S.Diag(Str->getLocStart(),
             diag::ext_initializer_string_for_char_array_too_long)
        << Str->getSourceRange();
  }

  // Set the type to the actual size that we are initializing.  If we have
  // something like:
  //   char x[1] = "foo";
  // then this will set the string literal's type to char[1].
  updateStringLiteralType(Str, DeclT);
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Semantic checking for initializer lists.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

namespace {

/// @brief Semantic checking for initializer lists.
///
/// The InitListChecker class contains a set of routines that each
/// handle the initialization of a certain kind of entity, e.g.,
/// arrays, vectors, struct/union types, scalars, etc. The
/// InitListChecker itself performs a recursive walk of the subobject
/// structure of the type to be initialized, while stepping through
/// the initializer list one element at a time. The IList and Index
/// parameters to each of the Check* routines contain the active
/// (syntactic) initializer list and the index into that initializer
/// list that represents the current initializer. Each routine is
/// responsible for moving that Index forward as it consumes elements.
///
/// Each Check* routine also has a StructuredList/StructuredIndex
/// arguments, which contains the current "structured" (semantic)
/// initializer list and the index into that initializer list where we
/// are copying initializers as we map them over to the semantic
/// list. Once we have completed our recursive walk of the subobject
/// structure, we will have constructed a full semantic initializer
/// list.
///
/// C99 designators cause changes in the initializer list traversal,
/// because they make the initialization "jump" into a specific
/// subobject and then continue the initialization from that
/// point. CheckDesignatedInitializer() recursively steps into the
/// designated subobject and manages backing out the recursion to
/// initialize the subobjects after the one designated.
class InitListChecker {
  Sema &SemaRef;
  bool hadError;
  bool VerifyOnly; // no diagnostics, no structure building
  bool TreatUnavailableAsInvalid; // Used only in VerifyOnly mode.
  llvm::DenseMap<InitListExpr *, InitListExpr *> SyntacticToSemantic;
  InitListExpr *FullyStructuredList;

  void CheckImplicitInitList(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                             InitListExpr *ParentIList, QualType T,
                             unsigned &Index, InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                             unsigned &StructuredIndex);
  void CheckExplicitInitList(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                             InitListExpr *IList, QualType &T,
                             InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                             bool TopLevelObject = false);
  void CheckListElementTypes(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                             InitListExpr *IList, QualType &DeclType,
                             bool SubobjectIsDesignatorContext,
                             unsigned &Index,
                             InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                             unsigned &StructuredIndex,
                             bool TopLevelObject = false);
  void CheckSubElementType(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                           InitListExpr *IList, QualType ElemType,
                           unsigned &Index,
                           InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                           unsigned &StructuredIndex);
  void CheckComplexType(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                        InitListExpr *IList, QualType DeclType,
                        unsigned &Index,
                        InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                        unsigned &StructuredIndex);
  void CheckScalarType(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                       InitListExpr *IList, QualType DeclType,
                       unsigned &Index,
                       InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                       unsigned &StructuredIndex);
  void CheckReferenceType(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                          InitListExpr *IList, QualType DeclType,
                          unsigned &Index,
                          InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                          unsigned &StructuredIndex);
  void CheckVectorType(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                       InitListExpr *IList, QualType DeclType, unsigned &Index,
                       InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                       unsigned &StructuredIndex);
  void CheckStructUnionTypes(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                             InitListExpr *IList, QualType DeclType,
                             CXXRecordDecl::base_class_range Bases,
                             RecordDecl::field_iterator Field,
                             bool SubobjectIsDesignatorContext, unsigned &Index,
                             InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                             unsigned &StructuredIndex,
                             bool TopLevelObject = false);
  void CheckArrayType(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                      InitListExpr *IList, QualType &DeclType,
                      llvm::APSInt elementIndex,
                      bool SubobjectIsDesignatorContext, unsigned &Index,
                      InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                      unsigned &StructuredIndex);
  bool CheckDesignatedInitializer(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                  InitListExpr *IList, DesignatedInitExpr *DIE,
                                  unsigned DesigIdx,
                                  QualType &CurrentObjectType,
                                  RecordDecl::field_iterator *NextField,
                                  llvm::APSInt *NextElementIndex,
                                  unsigned &Index,
                                  InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                                  unsigned &StructuredIndex,
                                  bool FinishSubobjectInit,
                                  bool TopLevelObject);
  InitListExpr *getStructuredSubobjectInit(InitListExpr *IList, unsigned Index,
                                           QualType CurrentObjectType,
                                           InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                                           unsigned StructuredIndex,
                                           SourceRange InitRange,
                                           bool IsFullyOverwritten = false);
  void UpdateStructuredListElement(InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                                   unsigned &StructuredIndex,
                                   Expr *expr);
  int numArrayElements(QualType DeclType);
  int numStructUnionElements(QualType DeclType);

  static ExprResult PerformEmptyInit(Sema &SemaRef,
                                     SourceLocation Loc,
                                     const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                     bool VerifyOnly,
                                     bool TreatUnavailableAsInvalid);

  // Explanation on the "FillWithNoInit" mode:
  //
  // Assume we have the following definitions (Case#1):
  // struct P { char x[6][6]; } xp = { .x[1] = "bar" };
  // struct PP { struct P lp; } l = { .lp = xp, .lp.x[1][2] = 'f' };
  //
  // l.lp.x[1][0..1] should not be filled with implicit initializers because the
  // "base" initializer "xp" will provide values for them; l.lp.x[1] will be "baf".
  //
  // But if we have (Case#2):
  // struct PP l = { .lp = xp, .lp.x[1] = { [2] = 'f' } };
  //
  // l.lp.x[1][0..1] are implicitly initialized and do not use values from the
  // "base" initializer; l.lp.x[1] will be "\0\0f\0\0\0".
  //
  // To distinguish Case#1 from Case#2, and also to avoid leaving many "holes"
  // in the InitListExpr, the "holes" in Case#1 are filled not with empty
  // initializers but with special "NoInitExpr" place holders, which tells the
  // CodeGen not to generate any initializers for these parts.
  void FillInEmptyInitForBase(unsigned Init, const CXXBaseSpecifier &Base,
                              const InitializedEntity &ParentEntity,
                              InitListExpr *ILE, bool &RequiresSecondPass,
                              bool FillWithNoInit);
  void FillInEmptyInitForField(unsigned Init, FieldDecl *Field,
                               const InitializedEntity &ParentEntity,
                               InitListExpr *ILE, bool &RequiresSecondPass,
                               bool FillWithNoInit = false);
  void FillInEmptyInitializations(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                  InitListExpr *ILE, bool &RequiresSecondPass,
                                  bool FillWithNoInit = false);
  bool CheckFlexibleArrayInit(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                              Expr *InitExpr, FieldDecl *Field,
                              bool TopLevelObject);
  void CheckEmptyInitializable(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                               SourceLocation Loc);

public:
  InitListChecker(Sema &S, const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                  InitListExpr *IL, QualType &T, bool VerifyOnly,
                  bool TreatUnavailableAsInvalid);
  bool HadError() { return hadError; }

  // @brief Retrieves the fully-structured initializer list used for
  // semantic analysis and code generation.
  InitListExpr *getFullyStructuredList() const { return FullyStructuredList; }
};

} // end anonymous namespace

ExprResult InitListChecker::PerformEmptyInit(Sema &SemaRef,
                                             SourceLocation Loc,
                                             const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                             bool VerifyOnly,
                                             bool TreatUnavailableAsInvalid) {
  InitializationKind Kind = InitializationKind::CreateValue(Loc, Loc, Loc,
                                                            true);
  MultiExprArg SubInit;
  Expr *InitExpr;
  InitListExpr DummyInitList(SemaRef.Context, Loc, None, Loc);

  // C++ [dcl.init.aggr]p7:
  //   If there are fewer initializer-clauses in the list than there are
  //   members in the aggregate, then each member not explicitly initialized
  //   ...
  bool EmptyInitList = SemaRef.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus11 &&
      Entity.getType()->getBaseElementTypeUnsafe()->isRecordType();
  if (EmptyInitList) {
    // C++1y / DR1070:
    //   shall be initialized [...] from an empty initializer list.
    //
    // We apply the resolution of this DR to C++11 but not C++98, since C++98
    // does not have useful semantics for initialization from an init list.
    // We treat this as copy-initialization, because aggregate initialization
    // always performs copy-initialization on its elements.
    //
    // Only do this if we're initializing a class type, to avoid filling in
    // the initializer list where possible.
    InitExpr = VerifyOnly ? &DummyInitList : new (SemaRef.Context)
                   InitListExpr(SemaRef.Context, Loc, None, Loc);
    InitExpr->setType(SemaRef.Context.VoidTy);
    SubInit = InitExpr;
    Kind = InitializationKind::CreateCopy(Loc, Loc);
  } else {
    // C++03:
    //   shall be value-initialized.
  }

  InitializationSequence InitSeq(SemaRef, Entity, Kind, SubInit);
  // libstdc++4.6 marks the vector default constructor as explicit in
  // _GLIBCXX_DEBUG mode, so recover using the C++03 logic in that case.
  // stlport does so too. Look for std::__debug for libstdc++, and for
  // std:: for stlport.  This is effectively a compiler-side implementation of
  // LWG2193.
  if (!InitSeq && EmptyInitList && InitSeq.getFailureKind() ==
          InitializationSequence::FK_ExplicitConstructor) {
    OverloadCandidateSet::iterator Best;
    OverloadingResult O =
        InitSeq.getFailedCandidateSet()
            .BestViableFunction(SemaRef, Kind.getLocation(), Best);
    (void)O;
    assert(O == OR_Success && "Inconsistent overload resolution");
    CXXConstructorDecl *CtorDecl = cast<CXXConstructorDecl>(Best->Function);
    CXXRecordDecl *R = CtorDecl->getParent();

    if (CtorDecl->getMinRequiredArguments() == 0 &&
        CtorDecl->isExplicit() && R->getDeclName() &&
        SemaRef.SourceMgr.isInSystemHeader(CtorDecl->getLocation())) {
      bool IsInStd = false;
      for (NamespaceDecl *ND = dyn_cast<NamespaceDecl>(R->getDeclContext());
           ND && !IsInStd; ND = dyn_cast<NamespaceDecl>(ND->getParent())) {
        if (SemaRef.getStdNamespace()->InEnclosingNamespaceSetOf(ND))
          IsInStd = true;
      }

      if (IsInStd && llvm::StringSwitch<bool>(R->getName())
              .Cases("basic_string", "deque", "forward_list", true)
              .Cases("list", "map", "multimap", "multiset", true)
              .Cases("priority_queue", "queue", "set", "stack", true)
              .Cases("unordered_map", "unordered_set", "vector", true)
              .Default(false)) {
        InitSeq.InitializeFrom(
            SemaRef, Entity,
            InitializationKind::CreateValue(Loc, Loc, Loc, true),
            MultiExprArg(), /*TopLevelOfInitList=*/false,
            TreatUnavailableAsInvalid);
        // Emit a warning for this.  System header warnings aren't shown
        // by default, but people working on system headers should see it.
        if (!VerifyOnly) {
          SemaRef.Diag(CtorDecl->getLocation(),
                       diag::warn_invalid_initializer_from_system_header);
          if (Entity.getKind() == InitializedEntity::EK_Member)
            SemaRef.Diag(Entity.getDecl()->getLocation(),
                         diag::note_used_in_initialization_here);
          else if (Entity.getKind() == InitializedEntity::EK_ArrayElement)
            SemaRef.Diag(Loc, diag::note_used_in_initialization_here);
        }
      }
    }
  }
  if (!InitSeq) {
    if (!VerifyOnly) {
      InitSeq.Diagnose(SemaRef, Entity, Kind, SubInit);
      if (Entity.getKind() == InitializedEntity::EK_Member)
        SemaRef.Diag(Entity.getDecl()->getLocation(),
                     diag::note_in_omitted_aggregate_initializer)
          << /*field*/1 << Entity.getDecl();
      else if (Entity.getKind() == InitializedEntity::EK_ArrayElement)
        SemaRef.Diag(Loc, diag::note_in_omitted_aggregate_initializer)
          << /*array element*/0 << Entity.getElementIndex();
    }
    return ExprError();
  }

  return VerifyOnly ? ExprResult(static_cast<Expr *>(nullptr))
                    : InitSeq.Perform(SemaRef, Entity, Kind, SubInit);
}

void InitListChecker::CheckEmptyInitializable(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                              SourceLocation Loc) {
  assert(VerifyOnly &&
         "CheckEmptyInitializable is only inteded for verification mode.");
  if (PerformEmptyInit(SemaRef, Loc, Entity, /*VerifyOnly*/true,
                       TreatUnavailableAsInvalid).isInvalid())
    hadError = true;
}

void InitListChecker::FillInEmptyInitForBase(
    unsigned Init, const CXXBaseSpecifier &Base,
    const InitializedEntity &ParentEntity, InitListExpr *ILE,
    bool &RequiresSecondPass, bool FillWithNoInit) {
  assert(Init < ILE->getNumInits() && "should have been expanded");

  InitializedEntity BaseEntity = InitializedEntity::InitializeBase(
      SemaRef.Context, &Base, false, &ParentEntity);

  if (!ILE->getInit(Init)) {
    ExprResult BaseInit =
        FillWithNoInit ? new (SemaRef.Context) NoInitExpr(Base.getType())
                       : PerformEmptyInit(SemaRef, ILE->getLocEnd(), BaseEntity,
                                          /*VerifyOnly*/ false,
                                          TreatUnavailableAsInvalid);
    if (BaseInit.isInvalid()) {
      hadError = true;
      return;
    }

    ILE->setInit(Init, BaseInit.getAs<Expr>());
  } else if (InitListExpr *InnerILE =
                 dyn_cast<InitListExpr>(ILE->getInit(Init))) {
    FillInEmptyInitializations(BaseEntity, InnerILE,
                               RequiresSecondPass, FillWithNoInit);
  } else if (DesignatedInitUpdateExpr *InnerDIUE =
               dyn_cast<DesignatedInitUpdateExpr>(ILE->getInit(Init))) {
    FillInEmptyInitializations(BaseEntity, InnerDIUE->getUpdater(),
                               RequiresSecondPass, /*FillWithNoInit =*/true);
  }
}

void InitListChecker::FillInEmptyInitForField(unsigned Init, FieldDecl *Field,
                                        const InitializedEntity &ParentEntity,
                                              InitListExpr *ILE,
                                              bool &RequiresSecondPass,
                                              bool FillWithNoInit) {
  SourceLocation Loc = ILE->getLocEnd();
  unsigned NumInits = ILE->getNumInits();
  InitializedEntity MemberEntity
    = InitializedEntity::InitializeMember(Field, &ParentEntity);

  if (const RecordType *RType = ILE->getType()->getAs<RecordType>())
    if (!RType->getDecl()->isUnion())
      assert(Init < NumInits && "This ILE should have been expanded");

  if (Init >= NumInits || !ILE->getInit(Init)) {
    if (FillWithNoInit) {
      Expr *Filler = new (SemaRef.Context) NoInitExpr(Field->getType());
      if (Init < NumInits)
        ILE->setInit(Init, Filler);
      else
        ILE->updateInit(SemaRef.Context, Init, Filler);
      return;
    }
    // C++1y [dcl.init.aggr]p7:
    //   If there are fewer initializer-clauses in the list than there are
    //   members in the aggregate, then each member not explicitly initialized
    //   shall be initialized from its brace-or-equal-initializer [...]
    if (Field->hasInClassInitializer()) {
      ExprResult DIE = SemaRef.BuildCXXDefaultInitExpr(Loc, Field);
      if (DIE.isInvalid()) {
        hadError = true;
        return;
      }
      if (Init < NumInits)
        ILE->setInit(Init, DIE.get());
      else {
        ILE->updateInit(SemaRef.Context, Init, DIE.get());
        RequiresSecondPass = true;
      }
      return;
    }

    if (Field->getType()->isReferenceType()) {
      // C++ [dcl.init.aggr]p9:
      //   If an incomplete or empty initializer-list leaves a
      //   member of reference type uninitialized, the program is
      //   ill-formed.
      SemaRef.Diag(Loc, diag::err_init_reference_member_uninitialized)
        << Field->getType()
        << ILE->getSyntacticForm()->getSourceRange();
      SemaRef.Diag(Field->getLocation(),
                   diag::note_uninit_reference_member);
      hadError = true;
      return;
    }

    ExprResult MemberInit = PerformEmptyInit(SemaRef, Loc, MemberEntity,
                                             /*VerifyOnly*/false,
                                             TreatUnavailableAsInvalid);
    if (MemberInit.isInvalid()) {
      hadError = true;
      return;
    }

    if (hadError) {
      // Do nothing
    } else if (Init < NumInits) {
      ILE->setInit(Init, MemberInit.getAs<Expr>());
    } else if (!isa<ImplicitValueInitExpr>(MemberInit.get())) {
      // Empty initialization requires a constructor call, so
      // extend the initializer list to include the constructor
      // call and make a note that we'll need to take another pass
      // through the initializer list.
      ILE->updateInit(SemaRef.Context, Init, MemberInit.getAs<Expr>());
      RequiresSecondPass = true;
    }
  } else if (InitListExpr *InnerILE
               = dyn_cast<InitListExpr>(ILE->getInit(Init)))
    FillInEmptyInitializations(MemberEntity, InnerILE,
                               RequiresSecondPass, FillWithNoInit);
  else if (DesignatedInitUpdateExpr *InnerDIUE
               = dyn_cast<DesignatedInitUpdateExpr>(ILE->getInit(Init)))
    FillInEmptyInitializations(MemberEntity, InnerDIUE->getUpdater(),
                               RequiresSecondPass, /*FillWithNoInit =*/ true);
}

/// Recursively replaces NULL values within the given initializer list
/// with expressions that perform value-initialization of the
/// appropriate type.
void
InitListChecker::FillInEmptyInitializations(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                            InitListExpr *ILE,
                                            bool &RequiresSecondPass,
                                            bool FillWithNoInit) {
  assert((ILE->getType() != SemaRef.Context.VoidTy) &&
         "Should not have void type");

  if (const RecordType *RType = ILE->getType()->getAs<RecordType>()) {
    const RecordDecl *RDecl = RType->getDecl();
    if (RDecl->isUnion() && ILE->getInitializedFieldInUnion())
      FillInEmptyInitForField(0, ILE->getInitializedFieldInUnion(),
                              Entity, ILE, RequiresSecondPass, FillWithNoInit);
    else if (RDecl->isUnion() && isa<CXXRecordDecl>(RDecl) &&
             cast<CXXRecordDecl>(RDecl)->hasInClassInitializer()) {
      for (auto *Field : RDecl->fields()) {
        if (Field->hasInClassInitializer()) {
          FillInEmptyInitForField(0, Field, Entity, ILE, RequiresSecondPass,
                                  FillWithNoInit);
          break;
        }
      }
    } else {
      // The fields beyond ILE->getNumInits() are default initialized, so in
      // order to leave them uninitialized, the ILE is expanded and the extra
      // fields are then filled with NoInitExpr.
      unsigned NumElems = numStructUnionElements(ILE->getType());
      if (RDecl->hasFlexibleArrayMember())
        ++NumElems;
      if (ILE->getNumInits() < NumElems)
        ILE->resizeInits(SemaRef.Context, NumElems);

      unsigned Init = 0;

      if (auto *CXXRD = dyn_cast<CXXRecordDecl>(RDecl)) {
        for (auto &Base : CXXRD->bases()) {
          if (hadError)
            return;

          FillInEmptyInitForBase(Init, Base, Entity, ILE, RequiresSecondPass,
                                 FillWithNoInit);
          ++Init;
        }
      }

      for (auto *Field : RDecl->fields()) {
        if (Field->isUnnamedBitfield())
          continue;

        if (hadError)
          return;

        FillInEmptyInitForField(Init, Field, Entity, ILE, RequiresSecondPass,
                                FillWithNoInit);
        if (hadError)
          return;

        ++Init;

        // Only look at the first initialization of a union.
        if (RDecl->isUnion())
          break;
      }
    }

    return;
  }

  QualType ElementType;

  InitializedEntity ElementEntity = Entity;
  unsigned NumInits = ILE->getNumInits();
  unsigned NumElements = NumInits;
  if (const ArrayType *AType = SemaRef.Context.getAsArrayType(ILE->getType())) {
    ElementType = AType->getElementType();
    if (const ConstantArrayType *CAType = dyn_cast<ConstantArrayType>(AType))
      NumElements = CAType->getSize().getZExtValue();
    ElementEntity = InitializedEntity::InitializeElement(SemaRef.Context,
                                                         0, Entity);
  } else if (const VectorType *VType = ILE->getType()->getAs<VectorType>()) {
    ElementType = VType->getElementType();
    NumElements = VType->getNumElements();
    ElementEntity = InitializedEntity::InitializeElement(SemaRef.Context,
                                                         0, Entity);
  } else
    ElementType = ILE->getType();

  for (unsigned Init = 0; Init != NumElements; ++Init) {
    if (hadError)
      return;

    if (ElementEntity.getKind() == InitializedEntity::EK_ArrayElement ||
        ElementEntity.getKind() == InitializedEntity::EK_VectorElement)
      ElementEntity.setElementIndex(Init);

    Expr *InitExpr = (Init < NumInits ? ILE->getInit(Init) : nullptr);
    if (!InitExpr && Init < NumInits && ILE->hasArrayFiller())
      ILE->setInit(Init, ILE->getArrayFiller());
    else if (!InitExpr && !ILE->hasArrayFiller()) {
      Expr *Filler = nullptr;

      if (FillWithNoInit)
        Filler = new (SemaRef.Context) NoInitExpr(ElementType);
      else {
        ExprResult ElementInit = PerformEmptyInit(SemaRef, ILE->getLocEnd(),
                                                  ElementEntity,
                                                  /*VerifyOnly*/false,
                                                  TreatUnavailableAsInvalid);
        if (ElementInit.isInvalid()) {
          hadError = true;
          return;
        }

        Filler = ElementInit.getAs<Expr>();
      }

      if (hadError) {
        // Do nothing
      } else if (Init < NumInits) {
        // For arrays, just set the expression used for value-initialization
        // of the "holes" in the array.
        if (ElementEntity.getKind() == InitializedEntity::EK_ArrayElement)
          ILE->setArrayFiller(Filler);
        else
          ILE->setInit(Init, Filler);
      } else {
        // For arrays, just set the expression used for value-initialization
        // of the rest of elements and exit.
        if (ElementEntity.getKind() == InitializedEntity::EK_ArrayElement) {
          ILE->setArrayFiller(Filler);
          return;
        }

        if (!isa<ImplicitValueInitExpr>(Filler) && !isa<NoInitExpr>(Filler)) {
          // Empty initialization requires a constructor call, so
          // extend the initializer list to include the constructor
          // call and make a note that we'll need to take another pass
          // through the initializer list.
          ILE->updateInit(SemaRef.Context, Init, Filler);
          RequiresSecondPass = true;
        }
      }
    } else if (InitListExpr *InnerILE
                 = dyn_cast_or_null<InitListExpr>(InitExpr))
      FillInEmptyInitializations(ElementEntity, InnerILE, RequiresSecondPass,
                                 FillWithNoInit);
    else if (DesignatedInitUpdateExpr *InnerDIUE
                 = dyn_cast_or_null<DesignatedInitUpdateExpr>(InitExpr))
      FillInEmptyInitializations(ElementEntity, InnerDIUE->getUpdater(),
                                 RequiresSecondPass, /*FillWithNoInit =*/ true);
  }
}

InitListChecker::InitListChecker(Sema &S, const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                 InitListExpr *IL, QualType &T,
                                 bool VerifyOnly,
                                 bool TreatUnavailableAsInvalid)
  : SemaRef(S), VerifyOnly(VerifyOnly),
    TreatUnavailableAsInvalid(TreatUnavailableAsInvalid) {
  // FIXME: Check that IL isn't already the semantic form of some other
  // InitListExpr. If it is, we'd create a broken AST.

  hadError = false;

  FullyStructuredList =
      getStructuredSubobjectInit(IL, 0, T, nullptr, 0, IL->getSourceRange());
  CheckExplicitInitList(Entity, IL, T, FullyStructuredList,
                        /*TopLevelObject=*/true);

  if (!hadError && !VerifyOnly) {
    bool RequiresSecondPass = false;
    FillInEmptyInitializations(Entity, FullyStructuredList, RequiresSecondPass);
    if (RequiresSecondPass && !hadError)
      FillInEmptyInitializations(Entity, FullyStructuredList,
                                 RequiresSecondPass);
  }
}

int InitListChecker::numArrayElements(QualType DeclType) {
  // FIXME: use a proper constant
  int maxElements = 0x7FFFFFFF;
  if (const ConstantArrayType *CAT =
        SemaRef.Context.getAsConstantArrayType(DeclType)) {
    maxElements = static_cast<int>(CAT->getSize().getZExtValue());
  }
  return maxElements;
}

int InitListChecker::numStructUnionElements(QualType DeclType) {
  RecordDecl *structDecl = DeclType->getAs<RecordType>()->getDecl();
  int InitializableMembers = 0;
  if (auto *CXXRD = dyn_cast<CXXRecordDecl>(structDecl))
    InitializableMembers += CXXRD->getNumBases();
  for (const auto *Field : structDecl->fields())
    if (!Field->isUnnamedBitfield())
      ++InitializableMembers;

  if (structDecl->isUnion())
    return std::min(InitializableMembers, 1);
  return InitializableMembers - structDecl->hasFlexibleArrayMember();
}

/// Check whether the range of the initializer \p ParentIList from element
/// \p Index onwards can be used to initialize an object of type \p T. Update
/// \p Index to indicate how many elements of the list were consumed.
///
/// This also fills in \p StructuredList, from element \p StructuredIndex
/// onwards, with the fully-braced, desugared form of the initialization.
void InitListChecker::CheckImplicitInitList(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                            InitListExpr *ParentIList,
                                            QualType T, unsigned &Index,
                                            InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                                            unsigned &StructuredIndex) {
  int maxElements = 0;

  if (T->isArrayType())
    maxElements = numArrayElements(T);
  else if (T->isRecordType())
    maxElements = numStructUnionElements(T);
  else if (T->isVectorType())
    maxElements = T->getAs<VectorType>()->getNumElements();
  else
    llvm_unreachable("CheckImplicitInitList(): Illegal type");

  if (maxElements == 0) {
    if (!VerifyOnly)
      SemaRef.Diag(ParentIList->getInit(Index)->getLocStart(),
                   diag::err_implicit_empty_initializer);
    ++Index;
    hadError = true;
    return;
  }

  // Build a structured initializer list corresponding to this subobject.
  InitListExpr *StructuredSubobjectInitList
    = getStructuredSubobjectInit(ParentIList, Index, T, StructuredList,
                                 StructuredIndex,
          SourceRange(ParentIList->getInit(Index)->getLocStart(),
                      ParentIList->getSourceRange().getEnd()));
  unsigned StructuredSubobjectInitIndex = 0;

  // Check the element types and build the structural subobject.
  unsigned StartIndex = Index;
  CheckListElementTypes(Entity, ParentIList, T,
                        /*SubobjectIsDesignatorContext=*/false, Index,
                        StructuredSubobjectInitList,
                        StructuredSubobjectInitIndex);

  if (!VerifyOnly) {
    StructuredSubobjectInitList->setType(T);

    unsigned EndIndex = (Index == StartIndex? StartIndex : Index - 1);
    // Update the structured sub-object initializer so that it's ending
    // range corresponds with the end of the last initializer it used.
    if (EndIndex < ParentIList->getNumInits() &&
        ParentIList->getInit(EndIndex)) {
      SourceLocation EndLoc
        = ParentIList->getInit(EndIndex)->getSourceRange().getEnd();
      StructuredSubobjectInitList->setRBraceLoc(EndLoc);
    }

    // Complain about missing braces.
    if (T->isArrayType() || T->isRecordType()) {
      SemaRef.Diag(StructuredSubobjectInitList->getLocStart(),
                   diag::warn_missing_braces)
          << StructuredSubobjectInitList->getSourceRange()
          << FixItHint::CreateInsertion(
                 StructuredSubobjectInitList->getLocStart(), "{")
          << FixItHint::CreateInsertion(
                 SemaRef.getLocForEndOfToken(
                     StructuredSubobjectInitList->getLocEnd()),
                 "}");
    }
  }
}

/// Warn that \p Entity was of scalar type and was initialized by a
/// single-element braced initializer list.
static void warnBracedScalarInit(Sema &S, const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                 SourceRange Braces) {
  // Don't warn during template instantiation. If the initialization was
  // non-dependent, we warned during the initial parse; otherwise, the
  // type might not be scalar in some uses of the template.
  if (!S.ActiveTemplateInstantiations.empty())
    return;

  unsigned DiagID = 0;

  switch (Entity.getKind()) {
  case InitializedEntity::EK_VectorElement:
  case InitializedEntity::EK_ComplexElement:
  case InitializedEntity::EK_ArrayElement:
  case InitializedEntity::EK_Parameter:
  case InitializedEntity::EK_Parameter_CF_Audited:
  case InitializedEntity::EK_Result:
    // Extra braces here are suspicious.
    DiagID = diag::warn_braces_around_scalar_init;
    break;

  case InitializedEntity::EK_Member:
    // Warn on aggregate initialization but not on ctor init list or
    // default member initializer.
    if (Entity.getParent())
      DiagID = diag::warn_braces_around_scalar_init;
    break;

  case InitializedEntity::EK_Variable:
  case InitializedEntity::EK_LambdaCapture:
    // No warning, might be direct-list-initialization.
    // FIXME: Should we warn for copy-list-initialization in these cases?
    break;

  case InitializedEntity::EK_New:
  case InitializedEntity::EK_Temporary:
  case InitializedEntity::EK_CompoundLiteralInit:
    // No warning, braces are part of the syntax of the underlying construct.
    break;

  case InitializedEntity::EK_RelatedResult:
    // No warning, we already warned when initializing the result.
    break;

  case InitializedEntity::EK_Exception:
  case InitializedEntity::EK_Base:
  case InitializedEntity::EK_Delegating:
  case InitializedEntity::EK_BlockElement:
    llvm_unreachable("unexpected braced scalar init");
  }

  if (DiagID) {
    S.Diag(Braces.getBegin(), DiagID)
      << Braces
      << FixItHint::CreateRemoval(Braces.getBegin())
      << FixItHint::CreateRemoval(Braces.getEnd());
  }
}

/// Check whether the initializer \p IList (that was written with explicit
/// braces) can be used to initialize an object of type \p T.
///
/// This also fills in \p StructuredList with the fully-braced, desugared
/// form of the initialization.
void InitListChecker::CheckExplicitInitList(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                            InitListExpr *IList, QualType &T,
                                            InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                                            bool TopLevelObject) {
  if (!VerifyOnly) {
    SyntacticToSemantic[IList] = StructuredList;
    StructuredList->setSyntacticForm(IList);
  }

  unsigned Index = 0, StructuredIndex = 0;
  CheckListElementTypes(Entity, IList, T, /*SubobjectIsDesignatorContext=*/true,
                        Index, StructuredList, StructuredIndex, TopLevelObject);
  if (!VerifyOnly) {
    QualType ExprTy = T;
    if (!ExprTy->isArrayType())
      ExprTy = ExprTy.getNonLValueExprType(SemaRef.Context);
    IList->setType(ExprTy);
    StructuredList->setType(ExprTy);
  }
  if (hadError)
    return;

  if (Index < IList->getNumInits()) {
    // We have leftover initializers
    if (VerifyOnly) {
      if (SemaRef.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus ||
          (SemaRef.getLangOpts().OpenCL &&
           IList->getType()->isVectorType())) {
        hadError = true;
      }
      return;
    }

    if (StructuredIndex == 1 &&
        IsStringInit(StructuredList->getInit(0), T, SemaRef.Context) ==
            SIF_None) {
      unsigned DK = diag::ext_excess_initializers_in_char_array_initializer;
      if (SemaRef.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus) {
        DK = diag::err_excess_initializers_in_char_array_initializer;
        hadError = true;
      }
      // Special-case
      SemaRef.Diag(IList->getInit(Index)->getLocStart(), DK)
        << IList->getInit(Index)->getSourceRange();
    } else if (!T->isIncompleteType()) {
      // Don't complain for incomplete types, since we'll get an error
      // elsewhere
      QualType CurrentObjectType = StructuredList->getType();
      int initKind =
        CurrentObjectType->isArrayType()? 0 :
        CurrentObjectType->isVectorType()? 1 :
        CurrentObjectType->isScalarType()? 2 :
        CurrentObjectType->isUnionType()? 3 :
        4;

      unsigned DK = diag::ext_excess_initializers;
      if (SemaRef.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus) {
        DK = diag::err_excess_initializers;
        hadError = true;
      }
      if (SemaRef.getLangOpts().OpenCL && initKind == 1) {
        DK = diag::err_excess_initializers;
        hadError = true;
      }

      SemaRef.Diag(IList->getInit(Index)->getLocStart(), DK)
        << initKind << IList->getInit(Index)->getSourceRange();
    }
  }

  if (!VerifyOnly && T->isScalarType() &&
      IList->getNumInits() == 1 && !isa<InitListExpr>(IList->getInit(0)))
    warnBracedScalarInit(SemaRef, Entity, IList->getSourceRange());
}

void InitListChecker::CheckListElementTypes(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                            InitListExpr *IList,
                                            QualType &DeclType,
                                            bool SubobjectIsDesignatorContext,
                                            unsigned &Index,
                                            InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                                            unsigned &StructuredIndex,
                                            bool TopLevelObject) {
  if (DeclType->isAnyComplexType() && SubobjectIsDesignatorContext) {
    // Explicitly braced initializer for complex type can be real+imaginary
    // parts.
    CheckComplexType(Entity, IList, DeclType, Index,
                     StructuredList, StructuredIndex);
  } else if (DeclType->isScalarType()) {
    CheckScalarType(Entity, IList, DeclType, Index,
                    StructuredList, StructuredIndex);
  } else if (DeclType->isVectorType()) {
    CheckVectorType(Entity, IList, DeclType, Index,
                    StructuredList, StructuredIndex);
  } else if (DeclType->isRecordType()) {
    assert(DeclType->isAggregateType() &&
           "non-aggregate records should be handed in CheckSubElementType");
    RecordDecl *RD = DeclType->getAs<RecordType>()->getDecl();
    auto Bases =
        CXXRecordDecl::base_class_range(CXXRecordDecl::base_class_iterator(),
                                        CXXRecordDecl::base_class_iterator());
    if (auto *CXXRD = dyn_cast<CXXRecordDecl>(RD))
      Bases = CXXRD->bases();
    CheckStructUnionTypes(Entity, IList, DeclType, Bases, RD->field_begin(),
                          SubobjectIsDesignatorContext, Index, StructuredList,
                          StructuredIndex, TopLevelObject);
  } else if (DeclType->isArrayType()) {
    llvm::APSInt Zero(
                    SemaRef.Context.getTypeSize(SemaRef.Context.getSizeType()),
                    false);
    CheckArrayType(Entity, IList, DeclType, Zero,
                   SubobjectIsDesignatorContext, Index,
                   StructuredList, StructuredIndex);
  } else if (DeclType->isVoidType() || DeclType->isFunctionType()) {
    // This type is invalid, issue a diagnostic.
    ++Index;
    if (!VerifyOnly)
      SemaRef.Diag(IList->getLocStart(), diag::err_illegal_initializer_type)
        << DeclType;
    hadError = true;
  } else if (DeclType->isReferenceType()) {
    CheckReferenceType(Entity, IList, DeclType, Index,
                       StructuredList, StructuredIndex);
  } else if (DeclType->isObjCObjectType()) {
    if (!VerifyOnly)
      SemaRef.Diag(IList->getLocStart(), diag::err_init_objc_class)
        << DeclType;
    hadError = true;
  } else {
    if (!VerifyOnly)
      SemaRef.Diag(IList->getLocStart(), diag::err_illegal_initializer_type)
        << DeclType;
    hadError = true;
  }
}

void InitListChecker::CheckSubElementType(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                          InitListExpr *IList,
                                          QualType ElemType,
                                          unsigned &Index,
                                          InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                                          unsigned &StructuredIndex) {
  Expr *expr = IList->getInit(Index);

  if (ElemType->isReferenceType())
    return CheckReferenceType(Entity, IList, ElemType, Index,
                              StructuredList, StructuredIndex);

  if (InitListExpr *SubInitList = dyn_cast<InitListExpr>(expr)) {
    if (SubInitList->getNumInits() == 1 &&
        IsStringInit(SubInitList->getInit(0), ElemType, SemaRef.Context) ==
        SIF_None) {
      expr = SubInitList->getInit(0);
    } else if (!SemaRef.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus) {
      InitListExpr *InnerStructuredList
        = getStructuredSubobjectInit(IList, Index, ElemType,
                                     StructuredList, StructuredIndex,
                                     SubInitList->getSourceRange(), true);
      CheckExplicitInitList(Entity, SubInitList, ElemType,
                            InnerStructuredList);

      if (!hadError && !VerifyOnly) {
        bool RequiresSecondPass = false;
        FillInEmptyInitializations(Entity, InnerStructuredList,
                                   RequiresSecondPass);
        if (RequiresSecondPass && !hadError)
          FillInEmptyInitializations(Entity, InnerStructuredList,
                                     RequiresSecondPass);
      }
      ++StructuredIndex;
      ++Index;
      return;
    }
    // C++ initialization is handled later.
  } else if (isa<ImplicitValueInitExpr>(expr)) {
    // This happens during template instantiation when we see an InitListExpr
    // that we've already checked once.
    assert(SemaRef.Context.hasSameType(expr->getType(), ElemType) &&
           "found implicit initialization for the wrong type");
    if (!VerifyOnly)
      UpdateStructuredListElement(StructuredList, StructuredIndex, expr);
    ++Index;
    return;
  }

  if (SemaRef.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus) {
    // C++ [dcl.init.aggr]p2:
    //   Each member is copy-initialized from the corresponding
    //   initializer-clause.

    // FIXME: Better EqualLoc?
    InitializationKind Kind =
      InitializationKind::CreateCopy(expr->getLocStart(), SourceLocation());
    InitializationSequence Seq(SemaRef, Entity, Kind, expr,
                               /*TopLevelOfInitList*/ true);

    // C++14 [dcl.init.aggr]p13:
    //   If the assignment-expression can initialize a member, the member is
    //   initialized. Otherwise [...] brace elision is assumed
    //
    // Brace elision is never performed if the element is not an
    // assignment-expression.
    if (Seq || isa<InitListExpr>(expr)) {
      if (!VerifyOnly) {
        ExprResult Result =
          Seq.Perform(SemaRef, Entity, Kind, expr);
        if (Result.isInvalid())
          hadError = true;

        UpdateStructuredListElement(StructuredList, StructuredIndex,
                                    Result.getAs<Expr>());
      } else if (!Seq)
        hadError = true;
      ++Index;
      return;
    }

    // Fall through for subaggregate initialization
  } else if (ElemType->isScalarType() || ElemType->isAtomicType()) {
    // FIXME: Need to handle atomic aggregate types with implicit init lists.
    return CheckScalarType(Entity, IList, ElemType, Index,
                           StructuredList, StructuredIndex);
  } else if (const ArrayType *arrayType =
                 SemaRef.Context.getAsArrayType(ElemType)) {
    // arrayType can be incomplete if we're initializing a flexible
    // array member.  There's nothing we can do with the completed
    // type here, though.

    if (IsStringInit(expr, arrayType, SemaRef.Context) == SIF_None) {
      if (!VerifyOnly) {
        CheckStringInit(expr, ElemType, arrayType, SemaRef);
        UpdateStructuredListElement(StructuredList, StructuredIndex, expr);
      }
      ++Index;
      return;
    }

    // Fall through for subaggregate initialization.

  } else {
    assert((ElemType->isRecordType() || ElemType->isVectorType() ||
            ElemType->isClkEventT()) && "Unexpected type");

    // C99 6.7.8p13:
    //
    //   The initializer for a structure or union object that has
    //   automatic storage duration shall be either an initializer
    //   list as described below, or a single expression that has
    //   compatible structure or union type. In the latter case, the
    //   initial value of the object, including unnamed members, is
    //   that of the expression.
    ExprResult ExprRes = expr;
    if (SemaRef.CheckSingleAssignmentConstraints(
            ElemType, ExprRes, !VerifyOnly) != Sema::Incompatible) {
      if (ExprRes.isInvalid())
        hadError = true;
      else {
        ExprRes = SemaRef.DefaultFunctionArrayLvalueConversion(ExprRes.get());
          if (ExprRes.isInvalid())
            hadError = true;
      }
      UpdateStructuredListElement(StructuredList, StructuredIndex,
                                  ExprRes.getAs<Expr>());
      ++Index;
      return;
    }
    ExprRes.get();
    // Fall through for subaggregate initialization
  }

  // C++ [dcl.init.aggr]p12:
  //
  //   [...] Otherwise, if the member is itself a non-empty
  //   subaggregate, brace elision is assumed and the initializer is
  //   considered for the initialization of the first member of
  //   the subaggregate.
  if (!SemaRef.getLangOpts().OpenCL &&
      (ElemType->isAggregateType() || ElemType->isVectorType())) {
    CheckImplicitInitList(Entity, IList, ElemType, Index, StructuredList,
                          StructuredIndex);
    ++StructuredIndex;
  } else {
    if (!VerifyOnly) {
      // We cannot initialize this element, so let
      // PerformCopyInitialization produce the appropriate diagnostic.
      SemaRef.PerformCopyInitialization(Entity, SourceLocation(), expr,
                                        /*TopLevelOfInitList=*/true);
    }
    hadError = true;
    ++Index;
    ++StructuredIndex;
  }
}

void InitListChecker::CheckComplexType(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                       InitListExpr *IList, QualType DeclType,
                                       unsigned &Index,
                                       InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                                       unsigned &StructuredIndex) {
  assert(Index == 0 && "Index in explicit init list must be zero");

  // As an extension, clang supports complex initializers, which initialize
  // a complex number component-wise.  When an explicit initializer list for
  // a complex number contains two two initializers, this extension kicks in:
  // it exepcts the initializer list to contain two elements convertible to
  // the element type of the complex type. The first element initializes
  // the real part, and the second element intitializes the imaginary part.

  if (IList->getNumInits() != 2)
    return CheckScalarType(Entity, IList, DeclType, Index, StructuredList,
                           StructuredIndex);

  // This is an extension in C.  (The builtin _Complex type does not exist
  // in the C++ standard.)
  if (!SemaRef.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus && !VerifyOnly)
    SemaRef.Diag(IList->getLocStart(), diag::ext_complex_component_init)
      << IList->getSourceRange();

  // Initialize the complex number.
  QualType elementType = DeclType->getAs<ComplexType>()->getElementType();
  InitializedEntity ElementEntity =
    InitializedEntity::InitializeElement(SemaRef.Context, 0, Entity);

  for (unsigned i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
    ElementEntity.setElementIndex(Index);
    CheckSubElementType(ElementEntity, IList, elementType, Index,
                        StructuredList, StructuredIndex);
  }
}

void InitListChecker::CheckScalarType(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                      InitListExpr *IList, QualType DeclType,
                                      unsigned &Index,
                                      InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                                      unsigned &StructuredIndex) {
  if (Index >= IList->getNumInits()) {
    if (!VerifyOnly)
      SemaRef.Diag(IList->getLocStart(),
                   SemaRef.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus11 ?
                     diag::warn_cxx98_compat_empty_scalar_initializer :
                     diag::err_empty_scalar_initializer)
        << IList->getSourceRange();
    hadError = !SemaRef.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus11;
    ++Index;
    ++StructuredIndex;
    return;
  }

  Expr *expr = IList->getInit(Index);
  if (InitListExpr *SubIList = dyn_cast<InitListExpr>(expr)) {
    // FIXME: This is invalid, and accepting it causes overload resolution
    // to pick the wrong overload in some corner cases.
    if (!VerifyOnly)
      SemaRef.Diag(SubIList->getLocStart(),
                   diag::ext_many_braces_around_scalar_init)
        << SubIList->getSourceRange();

    CheckScalarType(Entity, SubIList, DeclType, Index, StructuredList,
                    StructuredIndex);
    return;
  } else if (isa<DesignatedInitExpr>(expr)) {
    if (!VerifyOnly)
      SemaRef.Diag(expr->getLocStart(),
                   diag::err_designator_for_scalar_init)
        << DeclType << expr->getSourceRange();
    hadError = true;
    ++Index;
    ++StructuredIndex;
    return;
  }

  if (VerifyOnly) {
    if (!SemaRef.CanPerformCopyInitialization(Entity,expr))
      hadError = true;
    ++Index;
    return;
  }

  ExprResult Result =
    SemaRef.PerformCopyInitialization(Entity, expr->getLocStart(), expr,
                                      /*TopLevelOfInitList=*/true);

  Expr *ResultExpr = nullptr;

  if (Result.isInvalid())
    hadError = true; // types weren't compatible.
  else {
    ResultExpr = Result.getAs<Expr>();

    if (ResultExpr != expr) {
      // The type was promoted, update initializer list.
      IList->setInit(Index, ResultExpr);
    }
  }
  if (hadError)
    ++StructuredIndex;
  else
    UpdateStructuredListElement(StructuredList, StructuredIndex, ResultExpr);
  ++Index;
}

void InitListChecker::CheckReferenceType(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                         InitListExpr *IList, QualType DeclType,
                                         unsigned &Index,
                                         InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                                         unsigned &StructuredIndex) {
  if (Index >= IList->getNumInits()) {
    // FIXME: It would be wonderful if we could point at the actual member. In
    // general, it would be useful to pass location information down the stack,
    // so that we know the location (or decl) of the "current object" being
    // initialized.
    if (!VerifyOnly)
      SemaRef.Diag(IList->getLocStart(),
                    diag::err_init_reference_member_uninitialized)
        << DeclType
        << IList->getSourceRange();
    hadError = true;
    ++Index;
    ++StructuredIndex;
    return;
  }

  Expr *expr = IList->getInit(Index);
  if (isa<InitListExpr>(expr) && !SemaRef.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus11) {
    if (!VerifyOnly)
      SemaRef.Diag(IList->getLocStart(), diag::err_init_non_aggr_init_list)
        << DeclType << IList->getSourceRange();
    hadError = true;
    ++Index;
    ++StructuredIndex;
    return;
  }

  if (VerifyOnly) {
    if (!SemaRef.CanPerformCopyInitialization(Entity,expr))
      hadError = true;
    ++Index;
    return;
  }

  ExprResult Result =
      SemaRef.PerformCopyInitialization(Entity, expr->getLocStart(), expr,
                                        /*TopLevelOfInitList=*/true);

  if (Result.isInvalid())
    hadError = true;

  expr = Result.getAs<Expr>();
  IList->setInit(Index, expr);

  if (hadError)
    ++StructuredIndex;
  else
    UpdateStructuredListElement(StructuredList, StructuredIndex, expr);
  ++Index;
}

void InitListChecker::CheckVectorType(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                      InitListExpr *IList, QualType DeclType,
                                      unsigned &Index,
                                      InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                                      unsigned &StructuredIndex) {
  const VectorType *VT = DeclType->getAs<VectorType>();
  unsigned maxElements = VT->getNumElements();
  unsigned numEltsInit = 0;
  QualType elementType = VT->getElementType();

  if (Index >= IList->getNumInits()) {
    // Make sure the element type can be value-initialized.
    if (VerifyOnly)
      CheckEmptyInitializable(
          InitializedEntity::InitializeElement(SemaRef.Context, 0, Entity),
          IList->getLocEnd());
    return;
  }

  if (!SemaRef.getLangOpts().OpenCL) {
    // If the initializing element is a vector, try to copy-initialize
    // instead of breaking it apart (which is doomed to failure anyway).
    Expr *Init = IList->getInit(Index);
    if (!isa<InitListExpr>(Init) && Init->getType()->isVectorType()) {
      if (VerifyOnly) {
        if (!SemaRef.CanPerformCopyInitialization(Entity, Init))
          hadError = true;
        ++Index;
        return;
      }

  ExprResult Result =
      SemaRef.PerformCopyInitialization(Entity, Init->getLocStart(), Init,
                                        /*TopLevelOfInitList=*/true);

      Expr *ResultExpr = nullptr;
      if (Result.isInvalid())
        hadError = true; // types weren't compatible.
      else {
        ResultExpr = Result.getAs<Expr>();

        if (ResultExpr != Init) {
          // The type was promoted, update initializer list.
          IList->setInit(Index, ResultExpr);
        }
      }
      if (hadError)
        ++StructuredIndex;
      else
        UpdateStructuredListElement(StructuredList, StructuredIndex,
                                    ResultExpr);
      ++Index;
      return;
    }

    InitializedEntity ElementEntity =
      InitializedEntity::InitializeElement(SemaRef.Context, 0, Entity);

    for (unsigned i = 0; i < maxElements; ++i, ++numEltsInit) {
      // Don't attempt to go past the end of the init list
      if (Index >= IList->getNumInits()) {
        if (VerifyOnly)
          CheckEmptyInitializable(ElementEntity, IList->getLocEnd());
        break;
      }

      ElementEntity.setElementIndex(Index);
      CheckSubElementType(ElementEntity, IList, elementType, Index,
                          StructuredList, StructuredIndex);
    }

    if (VerifyOnly)
      return;

    bool isBigEndian = SemaRef.Context.getTargetInfo().isBigEndian();
    const VectorType *T = Entity.getType()->getAs<VectorType>();
    if (isBigEndian && (T->getVectorKind() == VectorType::NeonVector ||
                        T->getVectorKind() == VectorType::NeonPolyVector)) {
      // The ability to use vector initializer lists is a GNU vector extension
      // and is unrelated to the NEON intrinsics in arm_neon.h. On little
      // endian machines it works fine, however on big endian machines it
      // exhibits surprising behaviour:
      //
      //   uint32x2_t x = {42, 64};
      //   return vget_lane_u32(x, 0); // Will return 64.
      //
      // Because of this, explicitly call out that it is non-portable.
      //
      SemaRef.Diag(IList->getLocStart(),
                   diag::warn_neon_vector_initializer_non_portable);

      const char *typeCode;
      unsigned typeSize = SemaRef.Context.getTypeSize(elementType);

      if (elementType->isFloatingType())
        typeCode = "f";
      else if (elementType->isSignedIntegerType())
        typeCode = "s";
      else if (elementType->isUnsignedIntegerType())
        typeCode = "u";
      else
        llvm_unreachable("Invalid element type!");

      SemaRef.Diag(IList->getLocStart(),
                   SemaRef.Context.getTypeSize(VT) > 64 ?
                   diag::note_neon_vector_initializer_non_portable_q :
                   diag::note_neon_vector_initializer_non_portable)
        << typeCode << typeSize;
    }

    return;
  }

  InitializedEntity ElementEntity =
    InitializedEntity::InitializeElement(SemaRef.Context, 0, Entity);

  // OpenCL initializers allows vectors to be constructed from vectors.
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < maxElements; ++i) {
    // Don't attempt to go past the end of the init list
    if (Index >= IList->getNumInits())
      break;

    ElementEntity.setElementIndex(Index);

    QualType IType = IList->getInit(Index)->getType();
    if (!IType->isVectorType()) {
      CheckSubElementType(ElementEntity, IList, elementType, Index,
                          StructuredList, StructuredIndex);
      ++numEltsInit;
    } else {
      QualType VecType;
      const VectorType *IVT = IType->getAs<VectorType>();
      unsigned numIElts = IVT->getNumElements();

      if (IType->isExtVectorType())
        VecType = SemaRef.Context.getExtVectorType(elementType, numIElts);
      else
        VecType = SemaRef.Context.getVectorType(elementType, numIElts,
                                                IVT->getVectorKind());
      CheckSubElementType(ElementEntity, IList, VecType, Index,
                          StructuredList, StructuredIndex);
      numEltsInit += numIElts;
    }
  }

  // OpenCL requires all elements to be initialized.
  if (numEltsInit != maxElements) {
    if (!VerifyOnly)
      SemaRef.Diag(IList->getLocStart(),
                   diag::err_vector_incorrect_num_initializers)
        << (numEltsInit < maxElements) << maxElements << numEltsInit;
    hadError = true;
  }
}

void InitListChecker::CheckArrayType(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                     InitListExpr *IList, QualType &DeclType,
                                     llvm::APSInt elementIndex,
                                     bool SubobjectIsDesignatorContext,
                                     unsigned &Index,
                                     InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                                     unsigned &StructuredIndex) {
  const ArrayType *arrayType = SemaRef.Context.getAsArrayType(DeclType);

  // Check for the special-case of initializing an array with a string.
  if (Index < IList->getNumInits()) {
    if (IsStringInit(IList->getInit(Index), arrayType, SemaRef.Context) ==
        SIF_None) {
      // We place the string literal directly into the resulting
      // initializer list. This is the only place where the structure
      // of the structured initializer list doesn't match exactly,
      // because doing so would involve allocating one character
      // constant for each string.
      if (!VerifyOnly) {
        CheckStringInit(IList->getInit(Index), DeclType, arrayType, SemaRef);
        UpdateStructuredListElement(StructuredList, StructuredIndex,
                                    IList->getInit(Index));
        StructuredList->resizeInits(SemaRef.Context, StructuredIndex);
      }
      ++Index;
      return;
    }
  }
  if (const VariableArrayType *VAT = dyn_cast<VariableArrayType>(arrayType)) {
    // Check for VLAs; in standard C it would be possible to check this
    // earlier, but I don't know where clang accepts VLAs (gcc accepts
    // them in all sorts of strange places).
    if (!VerifyOnly)
      SemaRef.Diag(VAT->getSizeExpr()->getLocStart(),
                    diag::err_variable_object_no_init)
        << VAT->getSizeExpr()->getSourceRange();
    hadError = true;
    ++Index;
    ++StructuredIndex;
    return;
  }

  // We might know the maximum number of elements in advance.
  llvm::APSInt maxElements(elementIndex.getBitWidth(),
                           elementIndex.isUnsigned());
  bool maxElementsKnown = false;
  if (const ConstantArrayType *CAT = dyn_cast<ConstantArrayType>(arrayType)) {
    maxElements = CAT->getSize();
    elementIndex = elementIndex.extOrTrunc(maxElements.getBitWidth());
    elementIndex.setIsUnsigned(maxElements.isUnsigned());
    maxElementsKnown = true;
  }

  QualType elementType = arrayType->getElementType();
  while (Index < IList->getNumInits()) {
    Expr *Init = IList->getInit(Index);
    if (DesignatedInitExpr *DIE = dyn_cast<DesignatedInitExpr>(Init)) {
      // If we're not the subobject that matches up with the '{' for
      // the designator, we shouldn't be handling the
      // designator. Return immediately.
      if (!SubobjectIsDesignatorContext)
        return;

      // Handle this designated initializer. elementIndex will be
      // updated to be the next array element we'll initialize.
      if (CheckDesignatedInitializer(Entity, IList, DIE, 0,
                                     DeclType, nullptr, &elementIndex, Index,
                                     StructuredList, StructuredIndex, true,
                                     false)) {
        hadError = true;
        continue;
      }

      if (elementIndex.getBitWidth() > maxElements.getBitWidth())
        maxElements = maxElements.extend(elementIndex.getBitWidth());
      else if (elementIndex.getBitWidth() < maxElements.getBitWidth())
        elementIndex = elementIndex.extend(maxElements.getBitWidth());
      elementIndex.setIsUnsigned(maxElements.isUnsigned());

      // If the array is of incomplete type, keep track of the number of
      // elements in the initializer.
      if (!maxElementsKnown && elementIndex > maxElements)
        maxElements = elementIndex;

      continue;
    }

    // If we know the maximum number of elements, and we've already
    // hit it, stop consuming elements in the initializer list.
    if (maxElementsKnown && elementIndex == maxElements)
      break;

    InitializedEntity ElementEntity =
      InitializedEntity::InitializeElement(SemaRef.Context, StructuredIndex,
                                           Entity);
    // Check this element.
    CheckSubElementType(ElementEntity, IList, elementType, Index,
                        StructuredList, StructuredIndex);
    ++elementIndex;

    // If the array is of incomplete type, keep track of the number of
    // elements in the initializer.
    if (!maxElementsKnown && elementIndex > maxElements)
      maxElements = elementIndex;
  }
  if (!hadError && DeclType->isIncompleteArrayType() && !VerifyOnly) {
    // If this is an incomplete array type, the actual type needs to
    // be calculated here.
    llvm::APSInt Zero(maxElements.getBitWidth(), maxElements.isUnsigned());
    if (maxElements == Zero) {
      // Sizing an array implicitly to zero is not allowed by ISO C,
      // but is supported by GNU.
      SemaRef.Diag(IList->getLocStart(),
                    diag::ext_typecheck_zero_array_size);
    }

    DeclType = SemaRef.Context.getConstantArrayType(elementType, maxElements,
                                                     ArrayType::Normal, 0);
  }
  if (!hadError && VerifyOnly) {
    // Check if there are any members of the array that get value-initialized.
    // If so, check if doing that is possible.
    // FIXME: This needs to detect holes left by designated initializers too.
    if (maxElementsKnown && elementIndex < maxElements)
      CheckEmptyInitializable(InitializedEntity::InitializeElement(
                                                  SemaRef.Context, 0, Entity),
                              IList->getLocEnd());
  }
}

bool InitListChecker::CheckFlexibleArrayInit(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                             Expr *InitExpr,
                                             FieldDecl *Field,
                                             bool TopLevelObject) {
  // Handle GNU flexible array initializers.
  unsigned FlexArrayDiag;
  if (isa<InitListExpr>(InitExpr) &&
      cast<InitListExpr>(InitExpr)->getNumInits() == 0) {
    // Empty flexible array init always allowed as an extension
    FlexArrayDiag = diag::ext_flexible_array_init;
  } else if (SemaRef.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus) {
    // Disallow flexible array init in C++; it is not required for gcc
    // compatibility, and it needs work to IRGen correctly in general.
    FlexArrayDiag = diag::err_flexible_array_init;
  } else if (!TopLevelObject) {
    // Disallow flexible array init on non-top-level object
    FlexArrayDiag = diag::err_flexible_array_init;
  } else if (Entity.getKind() != InitializedEntity::EK_Variable) {
    // Disallow flexible array init on anything which is not a variable.
    FlexArrayDiag = diag::err_flexible_array_init;
  } else if (cast<VarDecl>(Entity.getDecl())->hasLocalStorage()) {
    // Disallow flexible array init on local variables.
    FlexArrayDiag = diag::err_flexible_array_init;
  } else {
    // Allow other cases.
    FlexArrayDiag = diag::ext_flexible_array_init;
  }

  if (!VerifyOnly) {
    SemaRef.Diag(InitExpr->getLocStart(),
                 FlexArrayDiag)
      << InitExpr->getLocStart();
    SemaRef.Diag(Field->getLocation(), diag::note_flexible_array_member)
      << Field;
  }

  return FlexArrayDiag != diag::ext_flexible_array_init;
}

void InitListChecker::CheckStructUnionTypes(
    const InitializedEntity &Entity, InitListExpr *IList, QualType DeclType,
    CXXRecordDecl::base_class_range Bases, RecordDecl::field_iterator Field,
    bool SubobjectIsDesignatorContext, unsigned &Index,
    InitListExpr *StructuredList, unsigned &StructuredIndex,
    bool TopLevelObject) {
  RecordDecl *structDecl = DeclType->getAs<RecordType>()->getDecl();

  // If the record is invalid, some of it's members are invalid. To avoid
  // confusion, we forgo checking the intializer for the entire record.
  if (structDecl->isInvalidDecl()) {
    // Assume it was supposed to consume a single initializer.
    ++Index;
    hadError = true;
    return;
  }

  if (DeclType->isUnionType() && IList->getNumInits() == 0) {
    RecordDecl *RD = DeclType->getAs<RecordType>()->getDecl();

    // If there's a default initializer, use it.
    if (isa<CXXRecordDecl>(RD) && cast<CXXRecordDecl>(RD)->hasInClassInitializer()) {
      if (VerifyOnly)
        return;
      for (RecordDecl::field_iterator FieldEnd = RD->field_end();
           Field != FieldEnd; ++Field) {
        if (Field->hasInClassInitializer()) {
          StructuredList->setInitializedFieldInUnion(*Field);
          // FIXME: Actually build a CXXDefaultInitExpr?
          return;
        }
      }
    }

    // Value-initialize the first member of the union that isn't an unnamed
    // bitfield.
    for (RecordDecl::field_iterator FieldEnd = RD->field_end();
         Field != FieldEnd; ++Field) {
      if (!Field->isUnnamedBitfield()) {
        if (VerifyOnly)
          CheckEmptyInitializable(
              InitializedEntity::InitializeMember(*Field, &Entity),
              IList->getLocEnd());
        else
          StructuredList->setInitializedFieldInUnion(*Field);
        break;
      }
    }
    return;
  }

  bool InitializedSomething = false;

  // If we have any base classes, they are initialized prior to the fields.
  for (auto &Base : Bases) {
    Expr *Init = Index < IList->getNumInits() ? IList->getInit(Index) : nullptr;
    SourceLocation InitLoc = Init ? Init->getLocStart() : IList->getLocEnd();

    // Designated inits always initialize fields, so if we see one, all
    // remaining base classes have no explicit initializer.
    if (Init && isa<DesignatedInitExpr>(Init))
      Init = nullptr;

    InitializedEntity BaseEntity = InitializedEntity::InitializeBase(
        SemaRef.Context, &Base, false, &Entity);
    if (Init) {
      CheckSubElementType(BaseEntity, IList, Base.getType(), Index,
                          StructuredList, StructuredIndex);
      InitializedSomething = true;
    } else if (VerifyOnly) {
      CheckEmptyInitializable(BaseEntity, InitLoc);
    }
  }

  // If structDecl is a forward declaration, this loop won't do
  // anything except look at designated initializers; That's okay,
  // because an error should get printed out elsewhere. It might be
  // worthwhile to skip over the rest of the initializer, though.
  RecordDecl *RD = DeclType->getAs<RecordType>()->getDecl();
  RecordDecl::field_iterator FieldEnd = RD->field_end();
  bool CheckForMissingFields = true;
  while (Index < IList->getNumInits()) {
    Expr *Init = IList->getInit(Index);

    if (DesignatedInitExpr *DIE = dyn_cast<DesignatedInitExpr>(Init)) {
      // If we're not the subobject that matches up with the '{' for
      // the designator, we shouldn't be handling the
      // designator. Return immediately.
      if (!SubobjectIsDesignatorContext)
        return;

      // Handle this designated initializer. Field will be updated to
      // the next field that we'll be initializing.
      if (CheckDesignatedInitializer(Entity, IList, DIE, 0,
                                     DeclType, &Field, nullptr, Index,
                                     StructuredList, StructuredIndex,
                                     true, TopLevelObject))
        hadError = true;

      InitializedSomething = true;

      // Disable check for missing fields when designators are used.
      // This matches gcc behaviour.
      CheckForMissingFields = false;
      continue;
    }

    if (Field == FieldEnd) {
      // We've run out of fields. We're done.
      break;
    }

    // We've already initialized a member of a union. We're done.
    if (InitializedSomething && DeclType->isUnionType())
      break;

    // If we've hit the flexible array member at the end, we're done.
    if (Field->getType()->isIncompleteArrayType())
      break;

    if (Field->isUnnamedBitfield()) {
      // Don't initialize unnamed bitfields, e.g. "int : 20;"
      ++Field;
      continue;
    }

    // Make sure we can use this declaration.
    bool InvalidUse;
    if (VerifyOnly)
      InvalidUse = !SemaRef.CanUseDecl(*Field, TreatUnavailableAsInvalid);
    else
      InvalidUse = SemaRef.DiagnoseUseOfDecl(*Field,
                                          IList->getInit(Index)->getLocStart());
    if (InvalidUse) {
      ++Index;
      ++Field;
      hadError = true;
      continue;
    }

    InitializedEntity MemberEntity =
      InitializedEntity::InitializeMember(*Field, &Entity);
    CheckSubElementType(MemberEntity, IList, Field->getType(), Index,
                        StructuredList, StructuredIndex);
    InitializedSomething = true;

    if (DeclType->isUnionType() && !VerifyOnly) {
      // Initialize the first field within the union.
      StructuredList->setInitializedFieldInUnion(*Field);
    }

    ++Field;
  }

  // Emit warnings for missing struct field initializers.
  if (!VerifyOnly && InitializedSomething && CheckForMissingFields &&
      Field != FieldEnd && !Field->getType()->isIncompleteArrayType() &&
      !DeclType->isUnionType()) {
    // It is possible we have one or more unnamed bitfields remaining.
    // Find first (if any) named field and emit warning.
    for (RecordDecl::field_iterator it = Field, end = RD->field_end();
         it != end; ++it) {
      if (!it->isUnnamedBitfield() && !it->hasInClassInitializer()) {
        SemaRef.Diag(IList->getSourceRange().getEnd(),
                     diag::warn_missing_field_initializers) << *it;
        break;
      }
    }
  }

  // Check that any remaining fields can be value-initialized.
  if (VerifyOnly && Field != FieldEnd && !DeclType->isUnionType() &&
      !Field->getType()->isIncompleteArrayType()) {
    // FIXME: Should check for holes left by designated initializers too.
    for (; Field != FieldEnd && !hadError; ++Field) {
      if (!Field->isUnnamedBitfield() && !Field->hasInClassInitializer())
        CheckEmptyInitializable(
            InitializedEntity::InitializeMember(*Field, &Entity),
            IList->getLocEnd());
    }
  }

  if (Field == FieldEnd || !Field->getType()->isIncompleteArrayType() ||
      Index >= IList->getNumInits())
    return;

  if (CheckFlexibleArrayInit(Entity, IList->getInit(Index), *Field,
                             TopLevelObject)) {
    hadError = true;
    ++Index;
    return;
  }

  InitializedEntity MemberEntity =
    InitializedEntity::InitializeMember(*Field, &Entity);

  if (isa<InitListExpr>(IList->getInit(Index)))
    CheckSubElementType(MemberEntity, IList, Field->getType(), Index,
                        StructuredList, StructuredIndex);
  else
    CheckImplicitInitList(MemberEntity, IList, Field->getType(), Index,
                          StructuredList, StructuredIndex);
}

/// \brief Expand a field designator that refers to a member of an
/// anonymous struct or union into a series of field designators that
/// refers to the field within the appropriate subobject.
///
static void ExpandAnonymousFieldDesignator(Sema &SemaRef,
                                           DesignatedInitExpr *DIE,
                                           unsigned DesigIdx,
                                           IndirectFieldDecl *IndirectField) {
  typedef DesignatedInitExpr::Designator Designator;

  // Build the replacement designators.
  SmallVector<Designator, 4> Replacements;
  for (IndirectFieldDecl::chain_iterator PI = IndirectField->chain_begin(),
       PE = IndirectField->chain_end(); PI != PE; ++PI) {
    if (PI + 1 == PE)
      Replacements.push_back(Designator((IdentifierInfo *)nullptr,
                                    DIE->getDesignator(DesigIdx)->getDotLoc(),
                                DIE->getDesignator(DesigIdx)->getFieldLoc()));
    else
      Replacements.push_back(Designator((IdentifierInfo *)nullptr,
                                        SourceLocation(), SourceLocation()));
    assert(isa<FieldDecl>(*PI));
    Replacements.back().setField(cast<FieldDecl>(*PI));
  }

  // Expand the current designator into the set of replacement
  // designators, so we have a full subobject path down to where the
  // member of the anonymous struct/union is actually stored.
  DIE->ExpandDesignator(SemaRef.Context, DesigIdx, &Replacements[0],
                        &Replacements[0] + Replacements.size());
}

static DesignatedInitExpr *CloneDesignatedInitExpr(Sema &SemaRef,
                                                   DesignatedInitExpr *DIE) {
  unsigned NumIndexExprs = DIE->getNumSubExprs() - 1;
  SmallVector<Expr*, 4> IndexExprs(NumIndexExprs);
  for (unsigned I = 0; I < NumIndexExprs; ++I)
    IndexExprs[I] = DIE->getSubExpr(I + 1);
  return DesignatedInitExpr::Create(SemaRef.Context, DIE->designators(),
                                    IndexExprs,
                                    DIE->getEqualOrColonLoc(),
                                    DIE->usesGNUSyntax(), DIE->getInit());
}

namespace {

// Callback to only accept typo corrections that are for field members of
// the given struct or union.
class FieldInitializerValidatorCCC : public CorrectionCandidateCallback {
 public:
  explicit FieldInitializerValidatorCCC(RecordDecl *RD)
      : Record(RD) {}

  bool ValidateCandidate(const TypoCorrection &candidate) override {
    FieldDecl *FD = candidate.getCorrectionDeclAs<FieldDecl>();
    return FD && FD->getDeclContext()->getRedeclContext()->Equals(Record);
  }

 private:
  RecordDecl *Record;
};

} // end anonymous namespace

/// @brief Check the well-formedness of a C99 designated initializer.
///
/// Determines whether the designated initializer @p DIE, which
/// resides at the given @p Index within the initializer list @p
/// IList, is well-formed for a current object of type @p DeclType
/// (C99 6.7.8). The actual subobject that this designator refers to
/// within the current subobject is returned in either
/// @p NextField or @p NextElementIndex (whichever is appropriate).
///
/// @param IList  The initializer list in which this designated
/// initializer occurs.
///
/// @param DIE The designated initializer expression.
///
/// @param DesigIdx  The index of the current designator.
///
/// @param CurrentObjectType The type of the "current object" (C99 6.7.8p17),
/// into which the designation in @p DIE should refer.
///
/// @param NextField  If non-NULL and the first designator in @p DIE is
/// a field, this will be set to the field declaration corresponding
/// to the field named by the designator.
///
/// @param NextElementIndex  If non-NULL and the first designator in @p
/// DIE is an array designator or GNU array-range designator, this
/// will be set to the last index initialized by this designator.
///
/// @param Index  Index into @p IList where the designated initializer
/// @p DIE occurs.
///
/// @param StructuredList  The initializer list expression that
/// describes all of the subobject initializers in the order they'll
/// actually be initialized.
///
/// @returns true if there was an error, false otherwise.
bool
InitListChecker::CheckDesignatedInitializer(const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                            InitListExpr *IList,
                                            DesignatedInitExpr *DIE,
                                            unsigned DesigIdx,
                                            QualType &CurrentObjectType,
                                          RecordDecl::field_iterator *NextField,
                                            llvm::APSInt *NextElementIndex,
                                            unsigned &Index,
                                            InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                                            unsigned &StructuredIndex,
                                            bool FinishSubobjectInit,
                                            bool TopLevelObject) {
  if (DesigIdx == DIE->size()) {
    // Check the actual initialization for the designated object type.
    bool prevHadError = hadError;

    // Temporarily remove the designator expression from the
    // initializer list that the child calls see, so that we don't try
    // to re-process the designator.
    unsigned OldIndex = Index;
    IList->setInit(OldIndex, DIE->getInit());

    CheckSubElementType(Entity, IList, CurrentObjectType, Index,
                        StructuredList, StructuredIndex);

    // Restore the designated initializer expression in the syntactic
    // form of the initializer list.
    if (IList->getInit(OldIndex) != DIE->getInit())
      DIE->setInit(IList->getInit(OldIndex));
    IList->setInit(OldIndex, DIE);

    return hadError && !prevHadError;
  }

  DesignatedInitExpr::Designator *D = DIE->getDesignator(DesigIdx);
  bool IsFirstDesignator = (DesigIdx == 0);
  if (!VerifyOnly) {
    assert((IsFirstDesignator || StructuredList) &&
           "Need a non-designated initializer list to start from");

    // Determine the structural initializer list that corresponds to the
    // current subobject.
    if (IsFirstDesignator)
      StructuredList = SyntacticToSemantic.lookup(IList);
    else {
      Expr *ExistingInit = StructuredIndex < StructuredList->getNumInits() ?
          StructuredList->getInit(StructuredIndex) : nullptr;
      if (!ExistingInit && StructuredList->hasArrayFiller())
        ExistingInit = StructuredList->getArrayFiller();

      if (!ExistingInit)
        StructuredList =
          getStructuredSubobjectInit(IList, Index, CurrentObjectType,
                                     StructuredList, StructuredIndex,
                                     SourceRange(D->getLocStart(),
                                                 DIE->getLocEnd()));
      else if (InitListExpr *Result = dyn_cast<InitListExpr>(ExistingInit))
        StructuredList = Result;
      else {
        if (DesignatedInitUpdateExpr *E =
                dyn_cast<DesignatedInitUpdateExpr>(ExistingInit))
          StructuredList = E->getUpdater();
        else {
          DesignatedInitUpdateExpr *DIUE =
              new (SemaRef.Context) DesignatedInitUpdateExpr(SemaRef.Context,
                                        D->getLocStart(), ExistingInit,
                                        DIE->getLocEnd());
          StructuredList->updateInit(SemaRef.Context, StructuredIndex, DIUE);
          StructuredList = DIUE->getUpdater();
        }

        // We need to check on source range validity because the previous
        // initializer does not have to be an explicit initializer. e.g.,
        //
        // struct P { int a, b; };
        // struct PP { struct P p } l = { { .a = 2 }, .p.b = 3 };
        //
        // There is an overwrite taking place because the first braced initializer
        // list "{ .a = 2 }" already provides value for .p.b (which is zero).
        if (ExistingInit->getSourceRange().isValid()) {
          // We are creating an initializer list that initializes the
          // subobjects of the current object, but there was already an
          // initialization that completely initialized the current
          // subobject, e.g., by a compound literal:
          //
          // struct X { int a, b; };
          // struct X xs[] = { [0] = (struct X) { 1, 2 }, [0].b = 3 };
          //
          // Here, xs[0].a == 0 and xs[0].b == 3, since the second,
          // designated initializer re-initializes the whole
          // subobject [0], overwriting previous initializers.
          SemaRef.Diag(D->getLocStart(),
                       diag::warn_subobject_initializer_overrides)
            << SourceRange(D->getLocStart(), DIE->getLocEnd());

          SemaRef.Diag(ExistingInit->getLocStart(),
                       diag::note_previous_initializer)
            << /*FIXME:has side effects=*/0
            << ExistingInit->getSourceRange();
        }
      }
    }
    assert(StructuredList && "Expected a structured initializer list");
  }

  if (D->isFieldDesignator()) {
    // C99 6.7.8p7:
    //
    //   If a designator has the form
    //
    //      . identifier
    //
    //   then the current object (defined below) shall have
    //   structure or union type and the identifier shall be the
    //   name of a member of that type.
    const RecordType *RT = CurrentObjectType->getAs<RecordType>();
    if (!RT) {
      SourceLocation Loc = D->getDotLoc();
      if (Loc.isInvalid())
        Loc = D->getFieldLoc();
      if (!VerifyOnly)
        SemaRef.Diag(Loc, diag::err_field_designator_non_aggr)
          << SemaRef.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus << CurrentObjectType;
      ++Index;
      return true;
    }

    FieldDecl *KnownField = D->getField();
    if (!KnownField) {
      IdentifierInfo *FieldName = D->getFieldName();
      DeclContext::lookup_result Lookup = RT->getDecl()->lookup(FieldName);
      for (NamedDecl *ND : Lookup) {
        if (auto *FD = dyn_cast<FieldDecl>(ND)) {
          KnownField = FD;
          break;
        }
        if (auto *IFD = dyn_cast<IndirectFieldDecl>(ND)) {
          // In verify mode, don't modify the original.
          if (VerifyOnly)
            DIE = CloneDesignatedInitExpr(SemaRef, DIE);
          ExpandAnonymousFieldDesignator(SemaRef, DIE, DesigIdx, IFD);
          D = DIE->getDesignator(DesigIdx);
          KnownField = cast<FieldDecl>(*IFD->chain_begin());
          break;
        }
      }
      if (!KnownField) {
        if (VerifyOnly) {
          ++Index;
          return true;  // No typo correction when just trying this out.
        }

        // Name lookup found something, but it wasn't a field.
        if (!Lookup.empty()) {
          SemaRef.Diag(D->getFieldLoc(), diag::err_field_designator_nonfield)
            << FieldName;
          SemaRef.Diag(Lookup.front()->getLocation(),
                       diag::note_field_designator_found);
          ++Index;
          return true;
        }

        // Name lookup didn't find anything.
        // Determine whether this was a typo for another field name.
        if (TypoCorrection Corrected = SemaRef.CorrectTypo(
                DeclarationNameInfo(FieldName, D->getFieldLoc()),
                Sema::LookupMemberName, /*Scope=*/nullptr, /*SS=*/nullptr,
                llvm::make_unique<FieldInitializerValidatorCCC>(RT->getDecl()),
                Sema::CTK_ErrorRecovery, RT->getDecl())) {
          SemaRef.diagnoseTypo(
              Corrected,
              SemaRef.PDiag(diag::err_field_designator_unknown_suggest)
                << FieldName << CurrentObjectType);
          KnownField = Corrected.getCorrectionDeclAs<FieldDecl>();
          hadError = true;
        } else {
          // Typo correction didn't find anything.
          SemaRef.Diag(D->getFieldLoc(), diag::err_field_designator_unknown)
            << FieldName << CurrentObjectType;
          ++Index;
          return true;
        }
      }
    }

    unsigned FieldIndex = 0;
    for (auto *FI : RT->getDecl()->fields()) {
      if (FI->isUnnamedBitfield())
        continue;
      if (declaresSameEntity(KnownField, FI)) {
        KnownField = FI;
        break;
      }
      ++FieldIndex;
    }

    RecordDecl::field_iterator Field =
        RecordDecl::field_iterator(DeclContext::decl_iterator(KnownField));

    // All of the fields of a union are located at the same place in
    // the initializer list.
    if (RT->getDecl()->isUnion()) {
      FieldIndex = 0;
      if (!VerifyOnly) {
        FieldDecl *CurrentField = StructuredList->getInitializedFieldInUnion();
        if (CurrentField && !declaresSameEntity(CurrentField, *Field)) {
          assert(StructuredList->getNumInits() == 1
                 && "A union should never have more than one initializer!");

          // We're about to throw away an initializer, emit warning.
          SemaRef.Diag(D->getFieldLoc(),
                       diag::warn_initializer_overrides)
            << D->getSourceRange();
          Expr *ExistingInit = StructuredList->getInit(0);
          SemaRef.Diag(ExistingInit->getLocStart(),
                       diag::note_previous_initializer)
            << /*FIXME:has side effects=*/0
            << ExistingInit->getSourceRange();

          // remove existing initializer
          StructuredList->resizeInits(SemaRef.Context, 0);
          StructuredList->setInitializedFieldInUnion(nullptr);
        }

        StructuredList->setInitializedFieldInUnion(*Field);
      }
    }

    // Make sure we can use this declaration.
    bool InvalidUse;
    if (VerifyOnly)
      InvalidUse = !SemaRef.CanUseDecl(*Field, TreatUnavailableAsInvalid);
    else
      InvalidUse = SemaRef.DiagnoseUseOfDecl(*Field, D->getFieldLoc());
    if (InvalidUse) {
      ++Index;
      return true;
    }

    if (!VerifyOnly) {
      // Update the designator with the field declaration.
      D->setField(*Field);

      // Make sure that our non-designated initializer list has space
      // for a subobject corresponding to this field.
      if (FieldIndex >= StructuredList->getNumInits())
        StructuredList->resizeInits(SemaRef.Context, FieldIndex + 1);
    }

    // This designator names a flexible array member.
    if (Field->getType()->isIncompleteArrayType()) {
      bool Invalid = false;
      if ((DesigIdx + 1) != DIE->size()) {
        // We can't designate an object within the flexible array
        // member (because GCC doesn't allow it).
        if (!VerifyOnly) {
          DesignatedInitExpr::Designator *NextD
            = DIE->getDesignator(DesigIdx + 1);
          SemaRef.Diag(NextD->getLocStart(),
                        diag::err_designator_into_flexible_array_member)
            << SourceRange(NextD->getLocStart(),
                           DIE->getLocEnd());
          SemaRef.Diag(Field->getLocation(), diag::note_flexible_array_member)
            << *Field;
        }
        Invalid = true;
      }

      if (!hadError && !isa<InitListExpr>(DIE->getInit()) &&
          !isa<StringLiteral>(DIE->getInit())) {
        // The initializer is not an initializer list.
        if (!VerifyOnly) {
          SemaRef.Diag(DIE->getInit()->getLocStart(),
                        diag::err_flexible_array_init_needs_braces)
            << DIE->getInit()->getSourceRange();
          SemaRef.Diag(Field->getLocation(), diag::note_flexible_array_member)
            << *Field;
        }
        Invalid = true;
      }

      // Check GNU flexible array initializer.
      if (!Invalid && CheckFlexibleArrayInit(Entity, DIE->getInit(), *Field,
                                             TopLevelObject))
        Invalid = true;

      if (Invalid) {
        ++Index;
        return true;
      }

      // Initialize the array.
      bool prevHadError = hadError;
      unsigned newStructuredIndex = FieldIndex;
      unsigned OldIndex = Index;
      IList->setInit(Index, DIE->getInit());

      InitializedEntity MemberEntity =
        InitializedEntity::InitializeMember(*Field, &Entity);
      CheckSubElementType(MemberEntity, IList, Field->getType(), Index,
                          StructuredList, newStructuredIndex);

      IList->setInit(OldIndex, DIE);
      if (hadError && !prevHadError) {
        ++Field;
        ++FieldIndex;
        if (NextField)
          *NextField = Field;
        StructuredIndex = FieldIndex;
        return true;
      }
    } else {
      // Recurse to check later designated subobjects.
      QualType FieldType = Field->getType();
      unsigned newStructuredIndex = FieldIndex;

      InitializedEntity MemberEntity =
        InitializedEntity::InitializeMember(*Field, &Entity);
      if (CheckDesignatedInitializer(MemberEntity, IList, DIE, DesigIdx + 1,
                                     FieldType, nullptr, nullptr, Index,
                                     StructuredList, newStructuredIndex,
                                     FinishSubobjectInit, false))
        return true;
    }

    // Find the position of the next field to be initialized in this
    // subobject.
    ++Field;
    ++FieldIndex;

    // If this the first designator, our caller will continue checking
    // the rest of this struct/class/union subobject.
    if (IsFirstDesignator) {
      if (NextField)
        *NextField = Field;
      StructuredIndex = FieldIndex;
      return false;
    }

    if (!FinishSubobjectInit)
      return false;

    // We've already initialized something in the union; we're done.
    if (RT->getDecl()->isUnion())
      return hadError;

    // Check the remaining fields within this class/struct/union subobject.
    bool prevHadError = hadError;

    auto NoBases =
        CXXRecordDecl::base_class_range(CXXRecordDecl::base_class_iterator(),
                                        CXXRecordDecl::base_class_iterator());
    CheckStructUnionTypes(Entity, IList, CurrentObjectType, NoBases, Field,
                          false, Index, StructuredList, FieldIndex);
    return hadError && !prevHadError;
  }

  // C99 6.7.8p6:
  //
  //   If a designator has the form
  //
  //      [ constant-expression ]
  //
  //   then the current object (defined below) shall have array
  //   type and the expression shall be an integer constant
  //   expression. If the array is of unknown size, any
  //   nonnegative value is valid.
  //
  // Additionally, cope with the GNU extension that permits
  // designators of the form
  //
  //      [ constant-expression ... constant-expression ]
  const ArrayType *AT = SemaRef.Context.getAsArrayType(CurrentObjectType);
  if (!AT) {
    if (!VerifyOnly)
      SemaRef.Diag(D->getLBracketLoc(), diag::err_array_designator_non_array)
        << CurrentObjectType;
    ++Index;
    return true;
  }

  Expr *IndexExpr = nullptr;
  llvm::APSInt DesignatedStartIndex, DesignatedEndIndex;
  if (D->isArrayDesignator()) {
    IndexExpr = DIE->getArrayIndex(*D);
    DesignatedStartIndex = IndexExpr->EvaluateKnownConstInt(SemaRef.Context);
    DesignatedEndIndex = DesignatedStartIndex;
  } else {
    assert(D->isArrayRangeDesignator() && "Need array-range designator");

    DesignatedStartIndex =
      DIE->getArrayRangeStart(*D)->EvaluateKnownConstInt(SemaRef.Context);
    DesignatedEndIndex =
      DIE->getArrayRangeEnd(*D)->EvaluateKnownConstInt(SemaRef.Context);
    IndexExpr = DIE->getArrayRangeEnd(*D);

    // Codegen can't handle evaluating array range designators that have side
    // effects, because we replicate the AST value for each initialized element.
    // As such, set the sawArrayRangeDesignator() bit if we initialize multiple
    // elements with something that has a side effect, so codegen can emit an
    // "error unsupported" error instead of miscompiling the app.
    if (DesignatedStartIndex.getZExtValue()!=DesignatedEndIndex.getZExtValue()&&
        DIE->getInit()->HasSideEffects(SemaRef.Context) && !VerifyOnly)
      FullyStructuredList->sawArrayRangeDesignator();
  }

  if (isa<ConstantArrayType>(AT)) {
    llvm::APSInt MaxElements(cast<ConstantArrayType>(AT)->getSize(), false);
    DesignatedStartIndex
      = DesignatedStartIndex.extOrTrunc(MaxElements.getBitWidth());
    DesignatedStartIndex.setIsUnsigned(MaxElements.isUnsigned());
    DesignatedEndIndex
      = DesignatedEndIndex.extOrTrunc(MaxElements.getBitWidth());
    DesignatedEndIndex.setIsUnsigned(MaxElements.isUnsigned());
    if (DesignatedEndIndex >= MaxElements) {
      if (!VerifyOnly)
        SemaRef.Diag(IndexExpr->getLocStart(),
                      diag::err_array_designator_too_large)
          << DesignatedEndIndex.toString(10) << MaxElements.toString(10)
          << IndexExpr->getSourceRange();
      ++Index;
      return true;
    }
  } else {
    unsigned DesignatedIndexBitWidth =
      ConstantArrayType::getMaxSizeBits(SemaRef.Context);
    DesignatedStartIndex =
      DesignatedStartIndex.extOrTrunc(DesignatedIndexBitWidth);
    DesignatedEndIndex =
      DesignatedEndIndex.extOrTrunc(DesignatedIndexBitWidth);
    DesignatedStartIndex.setIsUnsigned(true);
    DesignatedEndIndex.setIsUnsigned(true);
  }

  if (!VerifyOnly && StructuredList->isStringLiteralInit()) {
    // We're modifying a string literal init; we have to decompose the string
    // so we can modify the individual characters.
    ASTContext &Context = SemaRef.Context;
    Expr *SubExpr = StructuredList->getInit(0)->IgnoreParens();

    // Compute the character type
    QualType CharTy = AT->getElementType();

    // Compute the type of the integer literals.
    QualType PromotedCharTy = CharTy;
    if (CharTy->isPromotableIntegerType())
      PromotedCharTy = Context.getPromotedIntegerType(CharTy);
    unsigned PromotedCharTyWidth = Context.getTypeSize(PromotedCharTy);

    if (StringLiteral *SL = dyn_cast<StringLiteral>(SubExpr)) {
      // Get the length of the string.
      uint64_t StrLen = SL->getLength();
      if (cast<ConstantArrayType>(AT)->getSize().ult(StrLen))
        StrLen = cast<ConstantArrayType>(AT)->getSize().getZExtValue();
      StructuredList->resizeInits(Context, StrLen);

      // Build a literal for each character in the string, and put them into
      // the init list.
      for (unsigned i = 0, e = StrLen; i != e; ++i) {
        llvm::APInt CodeUnit(PromotedCharTyWidth, SL->getCodeUnit(i));
        Expr *Init = new (Context) IntegerLiteral(
            Context, CodeUnit, PromotedCharTy, SubExpr->getExprLoc());
        if (CharTy != PromotedCharTy)
          Init = ImplicitCastExpr::Create(Context, CharTy, CK_IntegralCast,
                                          Init, nullptr, VK_RValue);
        StructuredList->updateInit(Context, i, Init);
      }
    } else {
      ObjCEncodeExpr *E = cast<ObjCEncodeExpr>(SubExpr);
      std::string Str;
      Context.getObjCEncodingForType(E->getEncodedType(), Str);

      // Get the length of the string.
      uint64_t StrLen = Str.size();
      if (cast<ConstantArrayType>(AT)->getSize().ult(StrLen))
        StrLen = cast<ConstantArrayType>(AT)->getSize().getZExtValue();
      StructuredList->resizeInits(Context, StrLen);

      // Build a literal for each character in the string, and put them into
      // the init list.
      for (unsigned i = 0, e = StrLen; i != e; ++i) {
        llvm::APInt CodeUnit(PromotedCharTyWidth, Str[i]);
        Expr *Init = new (Context) IntegerLiteral(
            Context, CodeUnit, PromotedCharTy, SubExpr->getExprLoc());
        if (CharTy != PromotedCharTy)
          Init = ImplicitCastExpr::Create(Context, CharTy, CK_IntegralCast,
                                          Init, nullptr, VK_RValue);
        StructuredList->updateInit(Context, i, Init);
      }
    }
  }

  // Make sure that our non-designated initializer list has space
  // for a subobject corresponding to this array element.
  if (!VerifyOnly &&
      DesignatedEndIndex.getZExtValue() >= StructuredList->getNumInits())
    StructuredList->resizeInits(SemaRef.Context,
                                DesignatedEndIndex.getZExtValue() + 1);

  // Repeatedly perform subobject initializations in the range
  // [DesignatedStartIndex, DesignatedEndIndex].

  // Move to the next designator
  unsigned ElementIndex = DesignatedStartIndex.getZExtValue();
  unsigned OldIndex = Index;

  InitializedEntity ElementEntity =
    InitializedEntity::InitializeElement(SemaRef.Context, 0, Entity);

  while (DesignatedStartIndex <= DesignatedEndIndex) {
    // Recurse to check later designated subobjects.
    QualType ElementType = AT->getElementType();
    Index = OldIndex;

    ElementEntity.setElementIndex(ElementIndex);
    if (CheckDesignatedInitializer(
            ElementEntity, IList, DIE, DesigIdx + 1, ElementType, nullptr,
            nullptr, Index, StructuredList, ElementIndex,
            FinishSubobjectInit && (DesignatedStartIndex == DesignatedEndIndex),
            false))
      return true;

    // Move to the next index in the array that we'll be initializing.
    ++DesignatedStartIndex;
    ElementIndex = DesignatedStartIndex.getZExtValue();
  }

  // If this the first designator, our caller will continue checking
  // the rest of this array subobject.
  if (IsFirstDesignator) {
    if (NextElementIndex)
      *NextElementIndex = DesignatedStartIndex;
    StructuredIndex = ElementIndex;
    return false;
  }

  if (!FinishSubobjectInit)
    return false;

  // Check the remaining elements within this array subobject.
  bool prevHadError = hadError;
  CheckArrayType(Entity, IList, CurrentObjectType, DesignatedStartIndex,
                 /*SubobjectIsDesignatorContext=*/false, Index,
                 StructuredList, ElementIndex);
  return hadError && !prevHadError;
}

// Get the structured initializer list for a subobject of type
// @p CurrentObjectType.
InitListExpr *
InitListChecker::getStructuredSubobjectInit(InitListExpr *IList, unsigned Index,
                                            QualType CurrentObjectType,
                                            InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                                            unsigned StructuredIndex,
                                            SourceRange InitRange,
                                            bool IsFullyOverwritten) {
  if (VerifyOnly)
    return nullptr; // No structured list in verification-only mode.
  Expr *ExistingInit = nullptr;
  if (!StructuredList)
    ExistingInit = SyntacticToSemantic.lookup(IList);
  else if (StructuredIndex < StructuredList->getNumInits())
    ExistingInit = StructuredList->getInit(StructuredIndex);

  if (InitListExpr *Result = dyn_cast_or_null<InitListExpr>(ExistingInit))
    // There might have already been initializers for subobjects of the current
    // object, but a subsequent initializer list will overwrite the entirety
    // of the current object. (See DR 253 and C99 6.7.8p21). e.g.,
    //
    // struct P { char x[6]; };
    // struct P l = { .x[2] = 'x', .x = { [0] = 'f' } };
    //
    // The first designated initializer is ignored, and l.x is just "f".
    if (!IsFullyOverwritten)
      return Result;

  if (ExistingInit) {
    // We are creating an initializer list that initializes the
    // subobjects of the current object, but there was already an
    // initialization that completely initialized the current
    // subobject, e.g., by a compound literal:
    //
    // struct X { int a, b; };
    // struct X xs[] = { [0] = (struct X) { 1, 2 }, [0].b = 3 };
    //
    // Here, xs[0].a == 0 and xs[0].b == 3, since the second,
    // designated initializer re-initializes the whole
    // subobject [0], overwriting previous initializers.
    SemaRef.Diag(InitRange.getBegin(),
                 diag::warn_subobject_initializer_overrides)
      << InitRange;
    SemaRef.Diag(ExistingInit->getLocStart(),
                  diag::note_previous_initializer)
      << /*FIXME:has side effects=*/0
      << ExistingInit->getSourceRange();
  }

  InitListExpr *Result
    = new (SemaRef.Context) InitListExpr(SemaRef.Context,
                                         InitRange.getBegin(), None,
                                         InitRange.getEnd());

  QualType ResultType = CurrentObjectType;
  if (!ResultType->isArrayType())
    ResultType = ResultType.getNonLValueExprType(SemaRef.Context);
  Result->setType(ResultType);

  // Pre-allocate storage for the structured initializer list.
  unsigned NumElements = 0;
  unsigned NumInits = 0;
  bool GotNumInits = false;
  if (!StructuredList) {
    NumInits = IList->getNumInits();
    GotNumInits = true;
  } else if (Index < IList->getNumInits()) {
    if (InitListExpr *SubList = dyn_cast<InitListExpr>(IList->getInit(Index))) {
      NumInits = SubList->getNumInits();
      GotNumInits = true;
    }
  }

  if (const ArrayType *AType
      = SemaRef.Context.getAsArrayType(CurrentObjectType)) {
    if (const ConstantArrayType *CAType = dyn_cast<ConstantArrayType>(AType)) {
      NumElements = CAType->getSize().getZExtValue();
      // Simple heuristic so that we don't allocate a very large
      // initializer with many empty entries at the end.
      if (GotNumInits && NumElements > NumInits)
        NumElements = 0;
    }
  } else if (const VectorType *VType = CurrentObjectType->getAs<VectorType>())
    NumElements = VType->getNumElements();
  else if (const RecordType *RType = CurrentObjectType->getAs<RecordType>()) {
    RecordDecl *RDecl = RType->getDecl();
    if (RDecl->isUnion())
      NumElements = 1;
    else
      NumElements = std::distance(RDecl->field_begin(), RDecl->field_end());
  }

  Result->reserveInits(SemaRef.Context, NumElements);

  // Link this new initializer list into the structured initializer
  // lists.
  if (StructuredList)
    StructuredList->updateInit(SemaRef.Context, StructuredIndex, Result);
  else {
    Result->setSyntacticForm(IList);
    SyntacticToSemantic[IList] = Result;
  }

  return Result;
}

/// Update the initializer at index @p StructuredIndex within the
/// structured initializer list to the value @p expr.
void InitListChecker::UpdateStructuredListElement(InitListExpr *StructuredList,
                                                  unsigned &StructuredIndex,
                                                  Expr *expr) {
  // No structured initializer list to update
  if (!StructuredList)
    return;

  if (Expr *PrevInit = StructuredList->updateInit(SemaRef.Context,
                                                  StructuredIndex, expr)) {
    // This initializer overwrites a previous initializer. Warn.
    // We need to check on source range validity because the previous
    // initializer does not have to be an explicit initializer.
    // struct P { int a, b; };
    // struct PP { struct P p } l = { { .a = 2 }, .p.b = 3 };
    // There is an overwrite taking place because the first braced initializer
    // list "{ .a = 2 }' already provides value for .p.b (which is zero).
    if (PrevInit->getSourceRange().isValid()) {
      SemaRef.Diag(expr->getLocStart(),
                   diag::warn_initializer_overrides)
        << expr->getSourceRange();

      SemaRef.Diag(PrevInit->getLocStart(),
                   diag::note_previous_initializer)
        << /*FIXME:has side effects=*/0
        << PrevInit->getSourceRange();
    }
  }

  ++StructuredIndex;
}

/// Check that the given Index expression is a valid array designator
/// value. This is essentially just a wrapper around
/// VerifyIntegerConstantExpression that also checks for negative values
/// and produces a reasonable diagnostic if there is a
/// failure. Returns the index expression, possibly with an implicit cast
/// added, on success.  If everything went okay, Value will receive the
/// value of the constant expression.
static ExprResult
CheckArrayDesignatorExpr(Sema &S, Expr *Index, llvm::APSInt &Value) {
  SourceLocation Loc = Index->getLocStart();

  // Make sure this is an integer constant expression.
  ExprResult Result = S.VerifyIntegerConstantExpression(Index, &Value);
  if (Result.isInvalid())
    return Result;

  if (Value.isSigned() && Value.isNegative())
    return S.Diag(Loc, diag::err_array_designator_negative)
      << Value.toString(10) << Index->getSourceRange();

  Value.setIsUnsigned(true);
  return Result;
}

ExprResult Sema::ActOnDesignatedInitializer(Designation &Desig,
                                            SourceLocation Loc,
                                            bool GNUSyntax,
                                            ExprResult Init) {
  typedef DesignatedInitExpr::Designator ASTDesignator;

  bool Invalid = false;
  SmallVector<ASTDesignator, 32> Designators;
  SmallVector<Expr *, 32> InitExpressions;

  // Build designators and check array designator expressions.
  for (unsigned Idx = 0; Idx < Desig.getNumDesignators(); ++Idx) {
    const Designator &D = Desig.getDesignator(Idx);
    switch (D.getKind()) {
    case Designator::FieldDesignator:
      Designators.push_back(ASTDesignator(D.getField(), D.getDotLoc(),
                                          D.getFieldLoc()));
      break;

    case Designator::ArrayDesignator: {
      Expr *Index = static_cast<Expr *>(D.getArrayIndex());
      llvm::APSInt IndexValue;
      if (!Index->isTypeDependent() && !Index->isValueDependent())
        Index = CheckArrayDesignatorExpr(*this, Index, IndexValue).get();
      if (!Index)
        Invalid = true;
      else {
        Designators.push_back(ASTDesignator(InitExpressions.size(),
                                            D.getLBracketLoc(),
                                            D.getRBracketLoc()));
        InitExpressions.push_back(Index);
      }
      break;
    }

    case Designator::ArrayRangeDesignator: {
      Expr *StartIndex = static_cast<Expr *>(D.getArrayRangeStart());
      Expr *EndIndex = static_cast<Expr *>(D.getArrayRangeEnd());
      llvm::APSInt StartValue;
      llvm::APSInt EndValue;
      bool StartDependent = StartIndex->isTypeDependent() ||
                            StartIndex->isValueDependent();
      bool EndDependent = EndIndex->isTypeDependent() ||
                          EndIndex->isValueDependent();
      if (!StartDependent)
        StartIndex =
            CheckArrayDesignatorExpr(*this, StartIndex, StartValue).get();
      if (!EndDependent)
        EndIndex = CheckArrayDesignatorExpr(*this, EndIndex, EndValue).get();

      if (!StartIndex || !EndIndex)
        Invalid = true;
      else {
        // Make sure we're comparing values with the same bit width.
        if (StartDependent || EndDependent) {
          // Nothing to compute.
        } else if (StartValue.getBitWidth() > EndValue.getBitWidth())
          EndValue = EndValue.extend(StartValue.getBitWidth());
        else if (StartValue.getBitWidth() < EndValue.getBitWidth())
          StartValue = StartValue.extend(EndValue.getBitWidth());

        if (!StartDependent && !EndDependent && EndValue < StartValue) {
          Diag(D.getEllipsisLoc(), diag::err_array_designator_empty_range)
            << StartValue.toString(10) << EndValue.toString(10)
            << StartIndex->getSourceRange() << EndIndex->getSourceRange();
          Invalid = true;
        } else {
          Designators.push_back(ASTDesignator(InitExpressions.size(),
                                              D.getLBracketLoc(),
                                              D.getEllipsisLoc(),
                                              D.getRBracketLoc()));
          InitExpressions.push_back(StartIndex);
          InitExpressions.push_back(EndIndex);
        }
      }
      break;
    }
    }
  }

  if (Invalid || Init.isInvalid())
    return ExprError();

  // Clear out the expressions within the designation.
  Desig.ClearExprs(*this);

  DesignatedInitExpr *DIE
    = DesignatedInitExpr::Create(Context,
                                 Designators,
                                 InitExpressions, Loc, GNUSyntax,
                                 Init.getAs<Expr>());

  if (!getLangOpts().C99)
    Diag(DIE->getLocStart(), diag::ext_designated_init)
      << DIE->getSourceRange();

  return DIE;
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Initialization entity
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

InitializedEntity::InitializedEntity(ASTContext &Context, unsigned Index,
                                     const InitializedEntity &Parent)
  : Parent(&Parent), Index(Index)
{
  if (const ArrayType *AT = Context.getAsArrayType(Parent.getType())) {
    Kind = EK_ArrayElement;
    Type = AT->getElementType();
  } else if (const VectorType *VT = Parent.getType()->getAs<VectorType>()) {
    Kind = EK_VectorElement;
    Type = VT->getElementType();
  } else {
    const ComplexType *CT = Parent.getType()->getAs<ComplexType>();
    assert(CT && "Unexpected type");
    Kind = EK_ComplexElement;
    Type = CT->getElementType();
  }
}

InitializedEntity
InitializedEntity::InitializeBase(ASTContext &Context,
                                  const CXXBaseSpecifier *Base,
                                  bool IsInheritedVirtualBase,
                                  const InitializedEntity *Parent) {
  InitializedEntity Result;
  Result.Kind = EK_Base;
  Result.Parent = Parent;
  Result.Base = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(Base);
  if (IsInheritedVirtualBase)
    Result.Base |= 0x01;

  Result.Type = Base->getType();
  return Result;
}

DeclarationName InitializedEntity::getName() const {
  switch (getKind()) {
  case EK_Parameter:
  case EK_Parameter_CF_Audited: {
    ParmVarDecl *D = reinterpret_cast<ParmVarDecl*>(Parameter & ~0x1);
    return (D ? D->getDeclName() : DeclarationName());
  }

  case EK_Variable:
  case EK_Member:
    return VariableOrMember->getDeclName();

  case EK_LambdaCapture:
    return DeclarationName(Capture.VarID);

  case EK_Result:
  case EK_Exception:
  case EK_New:
  case EK_Temporary:
  case EK_Base:
  case EK_Delegating:
  case EK_ArrayElement:
  case EK_VectorElement:
  case EK_ComplexElement:
  case EK_BlockElement:
  case EK_CompoundLiteralInit:
  case EK_RelatedResult:
    return DeclarationName();
  }

  llvm_unreachable("Invalid EntityKind!");
}

DeclaratorDecl *InitializedEntity::getDecl() const {
  switch (getKind()) {
  case EK_Variable:
  case EK_Member:
    return VariableOrMember;

  case EK_Parameter:
  case EK_Parameter_CF_Audited:
    return reinterpret_cast<ParmVarDecl*>(Parameter & ~0x1);

  case EK_Result:
  case EK_Exception:
  case EK_New:
  case EK_Temporary:
  case EK_Base:
  case EK_Delegating:
  case EK_ArrayElement:
  case EK_VectorElement:
  case EK_ComplexElement:
  case EK_BlockElement:
  case EK_LambdaCapture:
  case EK_CompoundLiteralInit:
  case EK_RelatedResult:
    return nullptr;
  }

  llvm_unreachable("Invalid EntityKind!");
}

bool InitializedEntity::allowsNRVO() const {
  switch (getKind()) {
  case EK_Result:
  case EK_Exception:
    return LocAndNRVO.NRVO;

  case EK_Variable:
  case EK_Parameter:
  case EK_Parameter_CF_Audited:
  case EK_Member:
  case EK_New:
  case EK_Temporary:
  case EK_CompoundLiteralInit:
  case EK_Base:
  case EK_Delegating:
  case EK_ArrayElement:
  case EK_VectorElement:
  case EK_ComplexElement:
  case EK_BlockElement:
  case EK_LambdaCapture:
  case EK_RelatedResult:
    break;
  }

  return false;
}

unsigned InitializedEntity::dumpImpl(raw_ostream &OS) const {
  assert(getParent() != this);
  unsigned Depth = getParent() ? getParent()->dumpImpl(OS) : 0;
  for (unsigned I = 0; I != Depth; ++I)
    OS << "`-";

  switch (getKind()) {
  case EK_Variable: OS << "Variable"; break;
  case EK_Parameter: OS << "Parameter"; break;
  case EK_Parameter_CF_Audited: OS << "CF audited function Parameter";
    break;
  case EK_Result: OS << "Result"; break;
  case EK_Exception: OS << "Exception"; break;
  case EK_Member: OS << "Member"; break;
  case EK_New: OS << "New"; break;
  case EK_Temporary: OS << "Temporary"; break;
  case EK_CompoundLiteralInit: OS << "CompoundLiteral";break;
  case EK_RelatedResult: OS << "RelatedResult"; break;
  case EK_Base: OS << "Base"; break;
  case EK_Delegating: OS << "Delegating"; break;
  case EK_ArrayElement: OS << "ArrayElement " << Index; break;
  case EK_VectorElement: OS << "VectorElement " << Index; break;
  case EK_ComplexElement: OS << "ComplexElement " << Index; break;
  case EK_BlockElement: OS << "Block"; break;
  case EK_LambdaCapture:
    OS << "LambdaCapture ";
    OS << DeclarationName(Capture.VarID);
    break;
  }

  if (Decl *D = getDecl()) {
    OS << " ";
    cast<NamedDecl>(D)->printQualifiedName(OS);
  }

  OS << " '" << getType().getAsString() << "'\n";

  return Depth + 1;
}

LLVM_DUMP_METHOD void InitializedEntity::dump() const {
  dumpImpl(llvm::errs());
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Initialization sequence
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

void InitializationSequence::Step::Destroy() {
  switch (Kind) {
  case SK_ResolveAddressOfOverloadedFunction:
  case SK_CastDerivedToBaseRValue:
  case SK_CastDerivedToBaseXValue:
  case SK_CastDerivedToBaseLValue:
  case SK_BindReference:
  case SK_BindReferenceToTemporary:
  case SK_ExtraneousCopyToTemporary:
  case SK_UserConversion:
  case SK_QualificationConversionRValue:
  case SK_QualificationConversionXValue:
  case SK_QualificationConversionLValue:
  case SK_AtomicConversion:
  case SK_LValueToRValue:
  case SK_ListInitialization:
  case SK_UnwrapInitList:
  case SK_RewrapInitList:
  case SK_ConstructorInitialization:
  case SK_ConstructorInitializationFromList:
  case SK_ZeroInitialization:
  case SK_CAssignment:
  case SK_StringInit:
  case SK_ObjCObjectConversion:
  case SK_ArrayInit:
  case SK_ParenthesizedArrayInit:
  case SK_PassByIndirectCopyRestore:
  case SK_PassByIndirectRestore:
  case SK_ProduceObjCObject:
  case SK_StdInitializerList:
  case SK_StdInitializerListConstructorCall:
  case SK_OCLSamplerInit:
  case SK_OCLZeroEvent:
    break;

  case SK_ConversionSequence:
  case SK_ConversionSequenceNoNarrowing:
    delete ICS;
  }
}

bool InitializationSequence::isDirectReferenceBinding() const {
  return !Steps.empty() && Steps.back().Kind == SK_BindReference;
}

bool InitializationSequence::isAmbiguous() const {
  if (!Failed())
    return false;

  switch (getFailureKind()) {
  case FK_TooManyInitsForReference:
  case FK_ArrayNeedsInitList:
  case FK_ArrayNeedsInitListOrStringLiteral:
  case FK_ArrayNeedsInitListOrWideStringLiteral:
  case FK_NarrowStringIntoWideCharArray:
  case FK_WideStringIntoCharArray:
  case FK_IncompatWideStringIntoWideChar:
  case FK_AddressOfOverloadFailed: // FIXME: Could do better
  case FK_NonConstLValueReferenceBindingToTemporary:
  case FK_NonConstLValueReferenceBindingToUnrelated:
  case FK_RValueReferenceBindingToLValue:
  case FK_ReferenceInitDropsQualifiers:
  case FK_ReferenceInitFailed:
  case FK_ConversionFailed:
  case FK_ConversionFromPropertyFailed:
  case FK_TooManyInitsForScalar:
  case FK_ReferenceBindingToInitList:
  case FK_InitListBadDestinationType:
  case FK_DefaultInitOfConst:
  case FK_Incomplete:
  case FK_ArrayTypeMismatch:
  case FK_NonConstantArrayInit:
  case FK_ListInitializationFailed:
  case FK_VariableLengthArrayHasInitializer:
  case FK_PlaceholderType:
  case FK_ExplicitConstructor:
  case FK_AddressOfUnaddressableFunction:
    return false;

  case FK_ReferenceInitOverloadFailed:
  case FK_UserConversionOverloadFailed:
  case FK_ConstructorOverloadFailed:
  case FK_ListConstructorOverloadFailed:
    return FailedOverloadResult == OR_Ambiguous;
  }

  llvm_unreachable("Invalid EntityKind!");
}

bool InitializationSequence::isConstructorInitialization() const {
  return !Steps.empty() && Steps.back().Kind == SK_ConstructorInitialization;
}

void
InitializationSequence
::AddAddressOverloadResolutionStep(FunctionDecl *Function,
                                   DeclAccessPair Found,
                                   bool HadMultipleCandidates) {
  Step S;
  S.Kind = SK_ResolveAddressOfOverloadedFunction;
  S.Type = Function->getType();
  S.Function.HadMultipleCandidates = HadMultipleCandidates;
  S.Function.Function = Function;
  S.Function.FoundDecl = Found;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::AddDerivedToBaseCastStep(QualType BaseType,
                                                      ExprValueKind VK) {
  Step S;
  switch (VK) {
  case VK_RValue: S.Kind = SK_CastDerivedToBaseRValue; break;
  case VK_XValue: S.Kind = SK_CastDerivedToBaseXValue; break;
  case VK_LValue: S.Kind = SK_CastDerivedToBaseLValue; break;
  }
  S.Type = BaseType;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::AddReferenceBindingStep(QualType T,
                                                     bool BindingTemporary) {
  Step S;
  S.Kind = BindingTemporary? SK_BindReferenceToTemporary : SK_BindReference;
  S.Type = T;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::AddExtraneousCopyToTemporary(QualType T) {
  Step S;
  S.Kind = SK_ExtraneousCopyToTemporary;
  S.Type = T;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void
InitializationSequence::AddUserConversionStep(FunctionDecl *Function,
                                              DeclAccessPair FoundDecl,
                                              QualType T,
                                              bool HadMultipleCandidates) {
  Step S;
  S.Kind = SK_UserConversion;
  S.Type = T;
  S.Function.HadMultipleCandidates = HadMultipleCandidates;
  S.Function.Function = Function;
  S.Function.FoundDecl = FoundDecl;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::AddQualificationConversionStep(QualType Ty,
                                                            ExprValueKind VK) {
  Step S;
  S.Kind = SK_QualificationConversionRValue; // work around a gcc warning
  switch (VK) {
  case VK_RValue:
    S.Kind = SK_QualificationConversionRValue;
    break;
  case VK_XValue:
    S.Kind = SK_QualificationConversionXValue;
    break;
  case VK_LValue:
    S.Kind = SK_QualificationConversionLValue;
    break;
  }
  S.Type = Ty;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::AddAtomicConversionStep(QualType Ty) {
  Step S;
  S.Kind = SK_AtomicConversion;
  S.Type = Ty;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::AddLValueToRValueStep(QualType Ty) {
  assert(!Ty.hasQualifiers() && "rvalues may not have qualifiers");

  Step S;
  S.Kind = SK_LValueToRValue;
  S.Type = Ty;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::AddConversionSequenceStep(
    const ImplicitConversionSequence &ICS, QualType T,
    bool TopLevelOfInitList) {
  Step S;
  S.Kind = TopLevelOfInitList ? SK_ConversionSequenceNoNarrowing
                              : SK_ConversionSequence;
  S.Type = T;
  S.ICS = new ImplicitConversionSequence(ICS);
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::AddListInitializationStep(QualType T) {
  Step S;
  S.Kind = SK_ListInitialization;
  S.Type = T;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::AddConstructorInitializationStep(
    DeclAccessPair FoundDecl, CXXConstructorDecl *Constructor, QualType T,
    bool HadMultipleCandidates, bool FromInitList, bool AsInitList) {
  Step S;
  S.Kind = FromInitList ? AsInitList ? SK_StdInitializerListConstructorCall
                                     : SK_ConstructorInitializationFromList
                        : SK_ConstructorInitialization;
  S.Type = T;
  S.Function.HadMultipleCandidates = HadMultipleCandidates;
  S.Function.Function = Constructor;
  S.Function.FoundDecl = FoundDecl;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::AddZeroInitializationStep(QualType T) {
  Step S;
  S.Kind = SK_ZeroInitialization;
  S.Type = T;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::AddCAssignmentStep(QualType T) {
  Step S;
  S.Kind = SK_CAssignment;
  S.Type = T;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::AddStringInitStep(QualType T) {
  Step S;
  S.Kind = SK_StringInit;
  S.Type = T;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::AddObjCObjectConversionStep(QualType T) {
  Step S;
  S.Kind = SK_ObjCObjectConversion;
  S.Type = T;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::AddArrayInitStep(QualType T) {
  Step S;
  S.Kind = SK_ArrayInit;
  S.Type = T;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::AddParenthesizedArrayInitStep(QualType T) {
  Step S;
  S.Kind = SK_ParenthesizedArrayInit;
  S.Type = T;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::AddPassByIndirectCopyRestoreStep(QualType type,
                                                              bool shouldCopy) {
  Step s;
  s.Kind = (shouldCopy ? SK_PassByIndirectCopyRestore
                       : SK_PassByIndirectRestore);
  s.Type = type;
  Steps.push_back(s);
}

void InitializationSequence::AddProduceObjCObjectStep(QualType T) {
  Step S;
  S.Kind = SK_ProduceObjCObject;
  S.Type = T;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::AddStdInitializerListConstructionStep(QualType T) {
  Step S;
  S.Kind = SK_StdInitializerList;
  S.Type = T;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::AddOCLSamplerInitStep(QualType T) {
  Step S;
  S.Kind = SK_OCLSamplerInit;
  S.Type = T;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::AddOCLZeroEventStep(QualType T) {
  Step S;
  S.Kind = SK_OCLZeroEvent;
  S.Type = T;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::RewrapReferenceInitList(QualType T,
                                                     InitListExpr *Syntactic) {
  assert(Syntactic->getNumInits() == 1 &&
         "Can only rewrap trivial init lists.");
  Step S;
  S.Kind = SK_UnwrapInitList;
  S.Type = Syntactic->getInit(0)->getType();
  Steps.insert(Steps.begin(), S);

  S.Kind = SK_RewrapInitList;
  S.Type = T;
  S.WrappingSyntacticList = Syntactic;
  Steps.push_back(S);
}

void InitializationSequence::SetOverloadFailure(FailureKind Failure,
                                                OverloadingResult Result) {
  setSequenceKind(FailedSequence);
  this->Failure = Failure;
  this->FailedOverloadResult = Result;
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Attempt initialization
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

/// Tries to add a zero initializer. Returns true if that worked.
static bool
maybeRecoverWithZeroInitialization(Sema &S, InitializationSequence &Sequence,
                                   const InitializedEntity &Entity) {
  if (Entity.getKind() != InitializedEntity::EK_Variable)
    return false;

  VarDecl *VD = cast<VarDecl>(Entity.getDecl());
  if (VD->getInit() || VD->getLocEnd().isMacroID())
    return false;

  QualType VariableTy = VD->getType().getCanonicalType();
  SourceLocation Loc = S.getLocForEndOfToken(VD->getLocEnd());
  std::string Init = S.getFixItZeroInitializerForType(VariableTy, Loc);
  if (!Init.empty()) {
    Sequence.AddZeroInitializationStep(Entity.getType());
    Sequence.SetZeroInitializationFixit(Init, Loc);
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

static void MaybeProduceObjCObject(Sema &S,
                                   InitializationSequence &Sequence,
                                   const InitializedEntity &Entity) {
  if (!S.getLangOpts().ObjCAutoRefCount) return;

  /// When initializing a parameter, produce the value if it's marked
  /// __attribute__((ns_consumed)).
  if (Entity.isParameterKind()) {
    if (!Entity.isParameterConsumed())
      return;

    assert(Entity.getType()->isObjCRetainableType() &&
           "consuming an object of unretainable type?");
    Sequence.AddProduceObjCObjectStep(Entity.getType());

  /// When initializing a return value, if the return type is a
  /// retainable type, then returns need to immediately retain the
  /// object.  If an autorelease is required, it will be done at the
  /// last instant.
  } else if (Entity.getKind() == InitializedEntity::EK_Result) {
    if (!Entity.getType()->isObjCRetainableType())
      return;

    Sequence.AddProduceObjCObjectStep(Entity.getType());
  }
}

static void TryListInitialization(Sema &S,
                                  const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                  const InitializationKind &Kind,
                                  InitListExpr *InitList,
                                  InitializationSequence &Sequence,
                                  bool TreatUnavailableAsInvalid);

/// \brief When initializing from init list via constructor, handle
/// initialization of an object of type std::initializer_list<T>.
///
/// \return true if we have handled initialization of an object of type
/// std::initializer_list<T>, false otherwise.
static bool TryInitializerListConstruction(Sema &S,
                                           InitListExpr *List,
                                           QualType DestType,
                                           InitializationSequence &Sequence,
                                           bool TreatUnavailableAsInvalid) {
  QualType E;
  if (!S.isStdInitializerList(DestType, &E))
    return false;

  if (!S.isCompleteType(List->getExprLoc(), E)) {
    Sequence.setIncompleteTypeFailure(E);
    return true;
  }

  // Try initializing a temporary array from the init list.
  QualType ArrayType = S.Context.getConstantArrayType(
      E.withConst(), llvm::APInt(S.Context.getTypeSize(S.Context.getSizeType()),
                                 List->getNumInits()),
      clang::ArrayType::Normal, 0);
  InitializedEntity HiddenArray =
      InitializedEntity::InitializeTemporary(ArrayType);
  InitializationKind Kind =
      InitializationKind::CreateDirectList(List->getExprLoc());
  TryListInitialization(S, HiddenArray, Kind, List, Sequence,
                        TreatUnavailableAsInvalid);
  if (Sequence)
    Sequence.AddStdInitializerListConstructionStep(DestType);
  return true;
}

static OverloadingResult
ResolveConstructorOverload(Sema &S, SourceLocation DeclLoc,
                           MultiExprArg Args,
                           OverloadCandidateSet &CandidateSet,
                           DeclContext::lookup_result Ctors,
                           OverloadCandidateSet::iterator &Best,
                           bool CopyInitializing, bool AllowExplicit,
                           bool OnlyListConstructors, bool IsListInit) {
  CandidateSet.clear();

  for (NamedDecl *D : Ctors) {
    auto Info = getConstructorInfo(D);
    if (!Info.Constructor)
      continue;

    bool SuppressUserConversions = false;

    if (!Info.ConstructorTmpl) {
      // C++11 [over.best.ics]p4:
      //   ... and the constructor or user-defined conversion function is a
      //   candidate by
      //   - 13.3.1.3, when the argument is the temporary in the second step
      //     of a class copy-initialization, or
      //   - 13.3.1.4, 13.3.1.5, or 13.3.1.6 (in all cases),
      //   user-defined conversion sequences are not considered.
      // FIXME: This breaks backward compatibility, e.g. PR12117. As a
      //        temporary fix, let's re-instate the third bullet above until
      //        there is a resolution in the standard, i.e.,
      //   - 13.3.1.7 when the initializer list has exactly one element that is
      //     itself an initializer list and a conversion to some class X or
      //     reference to (possibly cv-qualified) X is considered for the first
      //     parameter of a constructor of X.
      if ((CopyInitializing ||
           (IsListInit && Args.size() == 1 && isa<InitListExpr>(Args[0]))) &&
          Info.Constructor->isCopyOrMoveConstructor())
        SuppressUserConversions = true;
    }

    if (!Info.Constructor->isInvalidDecl() &&
        (AllowExplicit || !Info.Constructor->isExplicit()) &&
        (!OnlyListConstructors || S.isInitListConstructor(Info.Constructor))) {
      if (Info.ConstructorTmpl)
        S.AddTemplateOverloadCandidate(Info.ConstructorTmpl, Info.FoundDecl,
                                       /*ExplicitArgs*/ nullptr, Args,
                                       CandidateSet, SuppressUserConversions);
      else {
        // C++ [over.match.copy]p1:
        //   - When initializing a temporary to be bound to the first parameter
        //     of a constructor that takes a reference to possibly cv-qualified
        //     T as its first argument, called with a single argument in the
        //     context of direct-initialization, explicit conversion functions
        //     are also considered.
        bool AllowExplicitConv = AllowExplicit && !CopyInitializing &&
                                 Args.size() == 1 &&
                                 Info.Constructor->isCopyOrMoveConstructor();
        S.AddOverloadCandidate(Info.Constructor, Info.FoundDecl, Args,
                               CandidateSet, SuppressUserConversions,
                               /*PartialOverloading=*/false,
                               /*AllowExplicit=*/AllowExplicitConv);
      }
    }
  }

  // Perform overload resolution and return the result.
  return CandidateSet.BestViableFunction(S, DeclLoc, Best);
}

/// \brief Attempt initialization by constructor (C++ [dcl.init]), which
/// enumerates the constructors of the initialized entity and performs overload
/// resolution to select the best.
/// \param IsListInit     Is this list-initialization?
/// \param IsInitListCopy Is this non-list-initialization resulting from a
///                       list-initialization from {x} where x is the same
///                       type as the entity?
static void TryConstructorInitialization(Sema &S,
                                         const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                         const InitializationKind &Kind,
                                         MultiExprArg Args, QualType DestType,
                                         InitializationSequence &Sequence,
                                         bool IsListInit = false,
                                         bool IsInitListCopy = false) {
  assert((!IsListInit || (Args.size() == 1 && isa<InitListExpr>(Args[0]))) &&
         "IsListInit must come with a single initializer list argument.");

  // The type we're constructing needs to be complete.
  if (!S.isCompleteType(Kind.getLocation(), DestType)) {
    Sequence.setIncompleteTypeFailure(DestType);
    return;
  }

  const RecordType *DestRecordType = DestType->getAs<RecordType>();
  assert(DestRecordType && "Constructor initialization requires record type");
  CXXRecordDecl *DestRecordDecl
    = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(DestRecordType->getDecl());

  // Build the candidate set directly in the initialization sequence
  // structure, so that it will persist if we fail.
  OverloadCandidateSet &CandidateSet = Sequence.getFailedCandidateSet();

  // Determine whether we are allowed to call explicit constructors or
  // explicit conversion operators.
  bool AllowExplicit = Kind.AllowExplicit() || IsListInit;
  bool CopyInitialization = Kind.getKind() == InitializationKind::IK_Copy;

  //   - Otherwise, if T is a class type, constructors are considered. The
  //     applicable constructors are enumerated, and the best one is chosen
  //     through overload resolution.
  DeclContext::lookup_result Ctors = S.LookupConstructors(DestRecordDecl);

  OverloadingResult Result = OR_No_Viable_Function;
  OverloadCandidateSet::iterator Best;
  bool AsInitializerList = false;

  // C++11 [over.match.list]p1, per DR1467:
  //   When objects of non-aggregate type T are list-initialized, such that
  //   8.5.4 [dcl.init.list] specifies that overload resolution is performed
  //   according to the rules in this section, overload resolution selects
  //   the constructor in two phases:
  //
  //   - Initially, the candidate functions are the initializer-list
  //     constructors of the class T and the argument list consists of the
  //     initializer list as a single argument.
  if (IsListInit) {
    InitListExpr *ILE = cast<InitListExpr>(Args[0]);
    AsInitializerList = true;

    // If the initializer list has no elements and T has a default constructor,
    // the first phase is omitted.
    if (ILE->getNumInits() != 0 || !DestRecordDecl->hasDefaultConstructor())
      Result = ResolveConstructorOverload(S, Kind.getLocation(), Args,
                                          CandidateSet, Ctors, Best,
                                          CopyInitialization, AllowExplicit,
                                          /*OnlyListConstructor=*/true,
                                          IsListInit);

    // Time to unwrap the init list.
    Args = MultiExprArg(ILE->getInits(), ILE->getNumInits());
  }

  // C++11 [over.match.list]p1:
  //   - If no viable initializer-list constructor is found, overload resolution
  //     is performed again, where the candidate functions are all the
  //     constructors of the class T and the argument list consists of the
  //     elements of the initializer list.
  if (Result == OR_No_Viable_Function) {
    AsInitializerList = false;
    Result = ResolveConstructorOverload(S, Kind.getLocation(), Args,
                                        CandidateSet, Ctors, Best,
                                        CopyInitialization, AllowExplicit,
                                        /*OnlyListConstructors=*/false,
                                        IsListInit);
  }
  if (Result) {
    Sequence.SetOverloadFailure(IsListInit ?
                      InitializationSequence::FK_ListConstructorOverloadFailed :
                      InitializationSequence::FK_ConstructorOverloadFailed,
                                Result);
    return;
  }

  // C++11 [dcl.init]p6:
  //   If a program calls for the default initialization of an object
  //   of a const-qualified type T, T shall be a class type with a
  //   user-provided default constructor.
  // C++ core issue 253 proposal:
  //   If the implicit default constructor initializes all subobjects, no
  //   initializer should be required.
  // The 253 proposal is for example needed to process libstdc++ headers in 5.x.
  CXXConstructorDecl *CtorDecl = cast<CXXConstructorDecl>(Best->Function);
  if (Kind.getKind() == InitializationKind::IK_Default &&
      Entity.getType().isConstQualified()) {
    if (!CtorDecl->getParent()->allowConstDefaultInit()) {
      if (!maybeRecoverWithZeroInitialization(S, Sequence, Entity))
        Sequence.SetFailed(InitializationSequence::FK_DefaultInitOfConst);
      return;
    }
  }

  // C++11 [over.match.list]p1:
  //   In copy-list-initialization, if an explicit constructor is chosen, the
  //   initializer is ill-formed.
  if (IsListInit && !Kind.AllowExplicit() && CtorDecl->isExplicit()) {
    Sequence.SetFailed(InitializationSequence::FK_ExplicitConstructor);
    return;
  }

  // Add the constructor initialization step. Any cv-qualification conversion is
  // subsumed by the initialization.
  bool HadMultipleCandidates = (CandidateSet.size() > 1);
  Sequence.AddConstructorInitializationStep(
      Best->FoundDecl, CtorDecl, DestType, HadMultipleCandidates,
      IsListInit | IsInitListCopy, AsInitializerList);
}

static bool
ResolveOverloadedFunctionForReferenceBinding(Sema &S,
                                             Expr *Initializer,
                                             QualType &SourceType,
                                             QualType &UnqualifiedSourceType,
                                             QualType UnqualifiedTargetType,
                                             InitializationSequence &Sequence) {
  if (S.Context.getCanonicalType(UnqualifiedSourceType) ==
        S.Context.OverloadTy) {
    DeclAccessPair Found;
    bool HadMultipleCandidates = false;
    if (FunctionDecl *Fn
        = S.ResolveAddressOfOverloadedFunction(Initializer,
                                               UnqualifiedTargetType,
                                               false, Found,
                                               &HadMultipleCandidates)) {
      Sequence.AddAddressOverloadResolutionStep(Fn, Found,
                                                HadMultipleCandidates);
      SourceType = Fn->getType();
      UnqualifiedSourceType = SourceType.getUnqualifiedType();
    } else if (!UnqualifiedTargetType->isRecordType()) {
      Sequence.SetFailed(InitializationSequence::FK_AddressOfOverloadFailed);
      return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

static void TryReferenceInitializationCore(Sema &S,
                                           const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                           const InitializationKind &Kind,
                                           Expr *Initializer,
                                           QualType cv1T1, QualType T1,
                                           Qualifiers T1Quals,
                                           QualType cv2T2, QualType T2,
                                           Qualifiers T2Quals,
                                           InitializationSequence &Sequence);

static void TryValueInitialization(Sema &S,
                                   const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                   const InitializationKind &Kind,
                                   InitializationSequence &Sequence,
                                   InitListExpr *InitList = nullptr);

/// \brief Attempt list initialization of a reference.
static void TryReferenceListInitialization(Sema &S,
                                           const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                           const InitializationKind &Kind,
                                           InitListExpr *InitList,
                                           InitializationSequence &Sequence,
                                           bool TreatUnavailableAsInvalid) {
  // First, catch C++03 where this isn't possible.
  if (!S.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus11) {
    Sequence.SetFailed(InitializationSequence::FK_ReferenceBindingToInitList);
    return;
  }
  // Can't reference initialize a compound literal.
  if (Entity.getKind() == InitializedEntity::EK_CompoundLiteralInit) {
    Sequence.SetFailed(InitializationSequence::FK_ReferenceBindingToInitList);
    return;
  }

  QualType DestType = Entity.getType();
  QualType cv1T1 = DestType->getAs<ReferenceType>()->getPointeeType();
  Qualifiers T1Quals;
  QualType T1 = S.Context.getUnqualifiedArrayType(cv1T1, T1Quals);

  // Reference initialization via an initializer list works thus:
  // If the initializer list consists of a single element that is
  // reference-related to the referenced type, bind directly to that element
  // (possibly creating temporaries).
  // Otherwise, initialize a temporary with the initializer list and
  // bind to that.
  if (InitList->getNumInits() == 1) {
    Expr *Initializer = InitList->getInit(0);
    QualType cv2T2 = Initializer->getType();
    Qualifiers T2Quals;
    QualType T2 = S.Context.getUnqualifiedArrayType(cv2T2, T2Quals);

    // If this fails, creating a temporary wouldn't work either.
    if (ResolveOverloadedFunctionForReferenceBinding(S, Initializer, cv2T2, T2,
                                                     T1, Sequence))
      return;

    SourceLocation DeclLoc = Initializer->getLocStart();
    bool dummy1, dummy2, dummy3;
    Sema::ReferenceCompareResult RefRelationship
      = S.CompareReferenceRelationship(DeclLoc, cv1T1, cv2T2, dummy1,
                                       dummy2, dummy3);
    if (RefRelationship >= Sema::Ref_Related) {
      // Try to bind the reference here.
      TryReferenceInitializationCore(S, Entity, Kind, Initializer, cv1T1, T1,
                                     T1Quals, cv2T2, T2, T2Quals, Sequence);
      if (Sequence)
        Sequence.RewrapReferenceInitList(cv1T1, InitList);
      return;
    }

    // Update the initializer if we've resolved an overloaded function.
    if (Sequence.step_begin() != Sequence.step_end())
      Sequence.RewrapReferenceInitList(cv1T1, InitList);
  }

  // Not reference-related. Create a temporary and bind to that.
  InitializedEntity TempEntity = InitializedEntity::InitializeTemporary(cv1T1);

  TryListInitialization(S, TempEntity, Kind, InitList, Sequence,
                        TreatUnavailableAsInvalid);
  if (Sequence) {
    if (DestType->isRValueReferenceType() ||
        (T1Quals.hasConst() && !T1Quals.hasVolatile()))
      Sequence.AddReferenceBindingStep(cv1T1, /*bindingTemporary=*/true);
    else
      Sequence.SetFailed(
          InitializationSequence::FK_NonConstLValueReferenceBindingToTemporary);
  }
}

/// \brief Attempt list initialization (C++0x [dcl.init.list])
static void TryListInitialization(Sema &S,
                                  const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                  const InitializationKind &Kind,
                                  InitListExpr *InitList,
                                  InitializationSequence &Sequence,
                                  bool TreatUnavailableAsInvalid) {
  QualType DestType = Entity.getType();

  // C++ doesn't allow scalar initialization with more than one argument.
  // But C99 complex numbers are scalars and it makes sense there.
  if (S.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus && DestType->isScalarType() &&
      !DestType->isAnyComplexType() && InitList->getNumInits() > 1) {
    Sequence.SetFailed(InitializationSequence::FK_TooManyInitsForScalar);
    return;
  }
  if (DestType->isReferenceType()) {
    TryReferenceListInitialization(S, Entity, Kind, InitList, Sequence,
                                   TreatUnavailableAsInvalid);
    return;
  }

  if (DestType->isRecordType() &&
      !S.isCompleteType(InitList->getLocStart(), DestType)) {
    Sequence.setIncompleteTypeFailure(DestType);
    return;
  }

  // C++11 [dcl.init.list]p3, per DR1467:
  // - If T is a class type and the initializer list has a single element of
  //   type cv U, where U is T or a class derived from T, the object is
  //   initialized from that element (by copy-initialization for
  //   copy-list-initialization, or by direct-initialization for
  //   direct-list-initialization).
  // - Otherwise, if T is a character array and the initializer list has a
  //   single element that is an appropriately-typed string literal
  //   (8.5.2 [dcl.init.string]), initialization is performed as described
  //   in that section.
  // - Otherwise, if T is an aggregate, [...] (continue below).
  if (S.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus11 && InitList->getNumInits() == 1) {
    if (DestType->isRecordType()) {
      QualType InitType = InitList->getInit(0)->getType();
      if (S.Context.hasSameUnqualifiedType(InitType, DestType) ||
          S.IsDerivedFrom(InitList->getLocStart(), InitType, DestType)) {
        Expr *InitAsExpr = InitList->getInit(0);
        TryConstructorInitialization(S, Entity, Kind, InitAsExpr, DestType,
                                     Sequence, /*InitListSyntax*/ false,
                                     /*IsInitListCopy*/ true);
        return;
      }
    }
    if (const ArrayType *DestAT = S.Context.getAsArrayType(DestType)) {
      Expr *SubInit[1] = {InitList->getInit(0)};
      if (!isa<VariableArrayType>(DestAT) &&
          IsStringInit(SubInit[0], DestAT, S.Context) == SIF_None) {
        InitializationKind SubKind =
            Kind.getKind() == InitializationKind::IK_DirectList
                ? InitializationKind::CreateDirect(Kind.getLocation(),
                                                   InitList->getLBraceLoc(),
                                                   InitList->getRBraceLoc())
                : Kind;
        Sequence.InitializeFrom(S, Entity, SubKind, SubInit,
                                /*TopLevelOfInitList*/ true,
                                TreatUnavailableAsInvalid);

        // TryStringLiteralInitialization() (in InitializeFrom()) will fail if
        // the element is not an appropriately-typed string literal, in which
        // case we should proceed as in C++11 (below).
        if (Sequence) {
          Sequence.RewrapReferenceInitList(Entity.getType(), InitList);
          return;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  // C++11 [dcl.init.list]p3:
  //   - If T is an aggregate, aggregate initialization is performed.
  if ((DestType->isRecordType() && !DestType->isAggregateType()) ||
      (S.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus11 &&
       S.isStdInitializerList(DestType, nullptr))) {
    if (S.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus11) {
      //   - Otherwise, if the initializer list has no elements and T is a
      //     class type with a default constructor, the object is
      //     value-initialized.
      if (InitList->getNumInits() == 0) {
        CXXRecordDecl *RD = DestType->getAsCXXRecordDecl();
        if (RD->hasDefaultConstructor()) {
          TryValueInitialization(S, Entity, Kind, Sequence, InitList);
          return;
        }
      }

      //   - Otherwise, if T is a specialization of std::initializer_list<E>,
      //     an initializer_list object constructed [...]
      if (TryInitializerListConstruction(S, InitList, DestType, Sequence,
                                         TreatUnavailableAsInvalid))
        return;

      //   - Otherwise, if T is a class type, constructors are considered.
      Expr *InitListAsExpr = InitList;
      TryConstructorInitialization(S, Entity, Kind, InitListAsExpr, DestType,
                                   Sequence, /*InitListSyntax*/ true);
    } else
      Sequence.SetFailed(InitializationSequence::FK_InitListBadDestinationType);
    return;
  }

  if (S.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus && !DestType->isAggregateType() &&
      InitList->getNumInits() == 1) {
    Expr *E = InitList->getInit(0);

    //   - Otherwise, if T is an enumeration with a fixed underlying type,
    //     the initializer-list has a single element v, and the initialization
    //     is direct-list-initialization, the object is initialized with the
    //     value T(v); if a narrowing conversion is required to convert v to
    //     the underlying type of T, the program is ill-formed.
    auto *ET = DestType->getAs<EnumType>();
    if (S.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus1z &&
        Kind.getKind() == InitializationKind::IK_DirectList &&
        ET && ET->getDecl()->isFixed() &&
        !S.Context.hasSameUnqualifiedType(E->getType(), DestType) &&
        (E->getType()->isIntegralOrEnumerationType() ||
         E->getType()->isFloatingType())) {
      // There are two ways that T(v) can work when T is an enumeration type.
      // If there is either an implicit conversion sequence from v to T or
      // a conversion function that can convert from v to T, then we use that.
      // Otherwise, if v is of integral, enumeration, or floating-point type,
      // it is converted to the enumeration type via its underlying type.
      // There is no overlap possible between these two cases (except when the
      // source value is already of the destination type), and the first
      // case is handled by the general case for single-element lists below.
      ImplicitConversionSequence ICS;
      ICS.setStandard();
      ICS.Standard.setAsIdentityConversion();
      // If E is of a floating-point type, then the conversion is ill-formed
      // due to narrowing, but go through the motions in order to produce the
      // right diagnostic.
      ICS.Standard.Second = E->getType()->isFloatingType()
                                ? ICK_Floating_Integral
                                : ICK_Integral_Conversion;
      ICS.Standard.setFromType(E->getType());
      ICS.Standard.setToType(0, E->getType());
      ICS.Standard.setToType(1, DestType);
      ICS.Standard.setToType(2, DestType);
      Sequence.AddConversionSequenceStep(ICS, ICS.Standard.getToType(2),
                                         /*TopLevelOfInitList*/true);
      Sequence.RewrapReferenceInitList(Entity.getType(), InitList);
      return;
    }

    //   - Otherwise, if the initializer list has a single element of type E
    //     [...references are handled above...], the object or reference is
    //     initialized from that element (by copy-initialization for
    //     copy-list-initialization, or by direct-initialization for
    //     direct-list-initialization); if a narrowing conversion is required
    //     to convert the element to T, the program is ill-formed.
    //
    // Per core-24034, this is direct-initialization if we were performing
    // direct-list-initialization and copy-initialization otherwise.
    // We can't use InitListChecker for this, because it always performs
    // copy-initialization. This only matters if we might use an 'explicit'
    // conversion operator, so we only need to handle the cases where the source
    // is of record type.
    if (InitList->getInit(0)->getType()->isRecordType()) {
      InitializationKind SubKind =
          Kind.getKind() == InitializationKind::IK_DirectList
              ? InitializationKind::CreateDirect(Kind.getLocation(),
                                                 InitList->getLBraceLoc(),
                                                 InitList->getRBraceLoc())
              : Kind;
      Expr *SubInit[1] = { InitList->getInit(0) };
      Sequence.InitializeFrom(S, Entity, SubKind, SubInit,
                              /*TopLevelOfInitList*/true,
                              TreatUnavailableAsInvalid);
      if (Sequence)
        Sequence.RewrapReferenceInitList(Entity.getType(), InitList);
      return;
    }
  }

  InitListChecker CheckInitList(S, Entity, InitList,
          DestType, /*VerifyOnly=*/true, TreatUnavailableAsInvalid);
  if (CheckInitList.HadError()) {
    Sequence.SetFailed(InitializationSequence::FK_ListInitializationFailed);
    return;
  }

  // Add the list initialization step with the built init list.
  Sequence.AddListInitializationStep(DestType);
}

/// \brief Try a reference initialization that involves calling a conversion
/// function.
static OverloadingResult TryRefInitWithConversionFunction(Sema &S,
                                             const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                             const InitializationKind &Kind,
                                             Expr *Initializer,
                                             bool AllowRValues,
                                             InitializationSequence &Sequence) {
  QualType DestType = Entity.getType();
  QualType cv1T1 = DestType->getAs<ReferenceType>()->getPointeeType();
  QualType T1 = cv1T1.getUnqualifiedType();
  QualType cv2T2 = Initializer->getType();
  QualType T2 = cv2T2.getUnqualifiedType();

  bool DerivedToBase;
  bool ObjCConversion;
  bool ObjCLifetimeConversion;
  assert(!S.CompareReferenceRelationship(Initializer->getLocStart(),
                                         T1, T2, DerivedToBase,
                                         ObjCConversion,
                                         ObjCLifetimeConversion) &&
         "Must have incompatible references when binding via conversion");
  (void)DerivedToBase;
  (void)ObjCConversion;
  (void)ObjCLifetimeConversion;

  // Build the candidate set directly in the initialization sequence
  // structure, so that it will persist if we fail.
  OverloadCandidateSet &CandidateSet = Sequence.getFailedCandidateSet();
  CandidateSet.clear();

  // Determine whether we are allowed to call explicit constructors or
  // explicit conversion operators.
  bool AllowExplicit = Kind.AllowExplicit();
  bool AllowExplicitConvs = Kind.allowExplicitConversionFunctionsInRefBinding();

  const RecordType *T1RecordType = nullptr;
  if (AllowRValues && (T1RecordType = T1->getAs<RecordType>()) &&
      S.isCompleteType(Kind.getLocation(), T1)) {
    // The type we're converting to is a class type. Enumerate its constructors
    // to see if there is a suitable conversion.
    CXXRecordDecl *T1RecordDecl = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(T1RecordType->getDecl());

    for (NamedDecl *D : S.LookupConstructors(T1RecordDecl)) {
      auto Info = getConstructorInfo(D);
      if (!Info.Constructor)
        continue;

      if (!Info.Constructor->isInvalidDecl() &&
          Info.Constructor->isConvertingConstructor(AllowExplicit)) {
        if (Info.ConstructorTmpl)
          S.AddTemplateOverloadCandidate(Info.ConstructorTmpl, Info.FoundDecl,
                                         /*ExplicitArgs*/ nullptr,
                                         Initializer, CandidateSet,
                                         /*SuppressUserConversions=*/true);
        else
          S.AddOverloadCandidate(Info.Constructor, Info.FoundDecl,
                                 Initializer, CandidateSet,
                                 /*SuppressUserConversions=*/true);
      }
    }
  }
  if (T1RecordType && T1RecordType->getDecl()->isInvalidDecl())
    return OR_No_Viable_Function;

  const RecordType *T2RecordType = nullptr;
  if ((T2RecordType = T2->getAs<RecordType>()) &&
      S.isCompleteType(Kind.getLocation(), T2)) {
    // The type we're converting from is a class type, enumerate its conversion
    // functions.
    CXXRecordDecl *T2RecordDecl = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(T2RecordType->getDecl());

    const auto &Conversions = T2RecordDecl->getVisibleConversionFunctions();
    for (auto I = Conversions.begin(), E = Conversions.end(); I != E; ++I) {
      NamedDecl *D = *I;
      CXXRecordDecl *ActingDC = cast<CXXRecordDecl>(D->getDeclContext());
      if (isa<UsingShadowDecl>(D))
        D = cast<UsingShadowDecl>(D)->getTargetDecl();

      FunctionTemplateDecl *ConvTemplate = dyn_cast<FunctionTemplateDecl>(D);
      CXXConversionDecl *Conv;
      if (ConvTemplate)
        Conv = cast<CXXConversionDecl>(ConvTemplate->getTemplatedDecl());
      else
        Conv = cast<CXXConversionDecl>(D);

      // If the conversion function doesn't return a reference type,
      // it can't be considered for this conversion unless we're allowed to
      // consider rvalues.
      // FIXME: Do we need to make sure that we only consider conversion
      // candidates with reference-compatible results? That might be needed to
      // break recursion.
      if ((AllowExplicitConvs || !Conv->isExplicit()) &&
          (AllowRValues || Conv->getConversionType()->isLValueReferenceType())){
        if (ConvTemplate)
          S.AddTemplateConversionCandidate(ConvTemplate, I.getPair(),
                                           ActingDC, Initializer,
                                           DestType, CandidateSet,
                                           /*AllowObjCConversionOnExplicit=*/
                                             false);
        else
          S.AddConversionCandidate(Conv, I.getPair(), ActingDC,
                                   Initializer, DestType, CandidateSet,
                                   /*AllowObjCConversionOnExplicit=*/false);
      }
    }
  }
  if (T2RecordType && T2RecordType->getDecl()->isInvalidDecl())
    return OR_No_Viable_Function;

  SourceLocation DeclLoc = Initializer->getLocStart();

  // Perform overload resolution. If it fails, return the failed result.
  OverloadCandidateSet::iterator Best;
  if (OverloadingResult Result
        = CandidateSet.BestViableFunction(S, DeclLoc, Best, true))
    return Result;

  FunctionDecl *Function = Best->Function;
  // This is the overload that will be used for this initialization step if we
  // use this initialization. Mark it as referenced.
  Function->setReferenced();

  // Compute the returned type of the conversion.
  if (isa<CXXConversionDecl>(Function))
    T2 = Function->getReturnType();
  else
    T2 = cv1T1;

  // Add the user-defined conversion step.
  bool HadMultipleCandidates = (CandidateSet.size() > 1);
  Sequence.AddUserConversionStep(Function, Best->FoundDecl,
                                 T2.getNonLValueExprType(S.Context),
                                 HadMultipleCandidates);

  // Determine whether we need to perform derived-to-base or
  // cv-qualification adjustments.
  ExprValueKind VK = VK_RValue;
  if (T2->isLValueReferenceType())
    VK = VK_LValue;
  else if (const RValueReferenceType *RRef = T2->getAs<RValueReferenceType>())
    VK = RRef->getPointeeType()->isFunctionType() ? VK_LValue : VK_XValue;

  bool NewDerivedToBase = false;
  bool NewObjCConversion = false;
  bool NewObjCLifetimeConversion = false;
  Sema::ReferenceCompareResult NewRefRelationship
    = S.CompareReferenceRelationship(DeclLoc, T1,
                                     T2.getNonLValueExprType(S.Context),
                                     NewDerivedToBase, NewObjCConversion,
                                     NewObjCLifetimeConversion);
  if (NewRefRelationship == Sema::Ref_Incompatible) {
    // If the type we've converted to is not reference-related to the
    // type we're looking for, then there is another conversion step
    // we need to perform to produce a temporary of the right type
    // that we'll be binding to.
    ImplicitConversionSequence ICS;
    ICS.setStandard();
    ICS.Standard = Best->FinalConversion;
    T2 = ICS.Standard.getToType(2);
    Sequence.AddConversionSequenceStep(ICS, T2);
  } else if (NewDerivedToBase)
    Sequence.AddDerivedToBaseCastStep(
                                S.Context.getQualifiedType(T1,
                                  T2.getNonReferenceType().getQualifiers()),
                                      VK);
  else if (NewObjCConversion)
    Sequence.AddObjCObjectConversionStep(
                                S.Context.getQualifiedType(T1,
                                  T2.getNonReferenceType().getQualifiers()));

  if (cv1T1.getQualifiers() != T2.getNonReferenceType().getQualifiers())
    Sequence.AddQualificationConversionStep(cv1T1, VK);

  Sequence.AddReferenceBindingStep(cv1T1, !T2->isReferenceType());
  return OR_Success;
}

static void CheckCXX98CompatAccessibleCopy(Sema &S,
                                           const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                           Expr *CurInitExpr);

/// \brief Attempt reference initialization (C++0x [dcl.init.ref])
static void TryReferenceInitialization(Sema &S,
                                       const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                       const InitializationKind &Kind,
                                       Expr *Initializer,
                                       InitializationSequence &Sequence) {
  QualType DestType = Entity.getType();
  QualType cv1T1 = DestType->getAs<ReferenceType>()->getPointeeType();
  Qualifiers T1Quals;
  QualType T1 = S.Context.getUnqualifiedArrayType(cv1T1, T1Quals);
  QualType cv2T2 = Initializer->getType();
  Qualifiers T2Quals;
  QualType T2 = S.Context.getUnqualifiedArrayType(cv2T2, T2Quals);

  // If the initializer is the address of an overloaded function, try
  // to resolve the overloaded function. If all goes well, T2 is the
  // type of the resulting function.
  if (ResolveOverloadedFunctionForReferenceBinding(S, Initializer, cv2T2, T2,
                                                   T1, Sequence))
    return;

  // Delegate everything else to a subfunction.
  TryReferenceInitializationCore(S, Entity, Kind, Initializer, cv1T1, T1,
                                 T1Quals, cv2T2, T2, T2Quals, Sequence);
}

/// Converts the target of reference initialization so that it has the
/// appropriate qualifiers and value kind.
///
/// In this case, 'x' is an 'int' lvalue, but it needs to be 'const int'.
/// \code
///   int x;
///   const int &r = x;
/// \endcode
///
/// In this case the reference is binding to a bitfield lvalue, which isn't
/// valid. Perform a load to create a lifetime-extended temporary instead.
/// \code
///   const int &r = someStruct.bitfield;
/// \endcode
static ExprValueKind
convertQualifiersAndValueKindIfNecessary(Sema &S,
                                         InitializationSequence &Sequence,
                                         Expr *Initializer,
                                         QualType cv1T1,
                                         Qualifiers T1Quals,
                                         Qualifiers T2Quals,
                                         bool IsLValueRef) {
  bool IsNonAddressableType = Initializer->refersToBitField() ||
                              Initializer->refersToVectorElement();

  if (IsNonAddressableType) {
    // C++11 [dcl.init.ref]p5: [...] Otherwise, the reference shall be an
    // lvalue reference to a non-volatile const type, or the reference shall be
    // an rvalue reference.
    //
    // If not, we can't make a temporary and bind to that. Give up and allow the
    // error to be diagnosed later.
    if (IsLValueRef && (!T1Quals.hasConst() || T1Quals.hasVolatile())) {
      assert(Initializer->isGLValue());
      return Initializer->getValueKind();
    }

    // Force a load so we can materialize a temporary.
    Sequence.AddLValueToRValueStep(cv1T1.getUnqualifiedType());
    return VK_RValue;
  }

  if (T1Quals != T2Quals) {
    Sequence.AddQualificationConversionStep(cv1T1,
                                            Initializer->getValueKind());
  }

  return Initializer->getValueKind();
}

/// \brief Reference initialization without resolving overloaded functions.
static void TryReferenceInitializationCore(Sema &S,
                                           const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                           const InitializationKind &Kind,
                                           Expr *Initializer,
                                           QualType cv1T1, QualType T1,
                                           Qualifiers T1Quals,
                                           QualType cv2T2, QualType T2,
                                           Qualifiers T2Quals,
                                           InitializationSequence &Sequence) {
  QualType DestType = Entity.getType();
  SourceLocation DeclLoc = Initializer->getLocStart();
  // Compute some basic properties of the types and the initializer.
  bool isLValueRef = DestType->isLValueReferenceType();
  bool isRValueRef = !isLValueRef;
  bool DerivedToBase = false;
  bool ObjCConversion = false;
  bool ObjCLifetimeConversion = false;
  Expr::Classification InitCategory = Initializer->Classify(S.Context);
  Sema::ReferenceCompareResult RefRelationship
    = S.CompareReferenceRelationship(DeclLoc, cv1T1, cv2T2, DerivedToBase,
                                     ObjCConversion, ObjCLifetimeConversion);

  // C++0x [dcl.init.ref]p5:
  //   A reference to type "cv1 T1" is initialized by an expression of type
  //   "cv2 T2" as follows:
  //
  //     - If the reference is an lvalue reference and the initializer
  //       expression
  // Note the analogous bullet points for rvalue refs to functions. Because
  // there are no function rvalues in C++, rvalue refs to functions are treated
  // like lvalue refs.
  OverloadingResult ConvOvlResult = OR_Success;
  bool T1Function = T1->isFunctionType();
  if (isLValueRef || T1Function) {
    if (InitCategory.isLValue() &&
        (RefRelationship >= Sema::Ref_Compatible_With_Added_Qualification ||
         (Kind.isCStyleOrFunctionalCast() &&
          RefRelationship == Sema::Ref_Related))) {
      //   - is an lvalue (but is not a bit-field), and "cv1 T1" is
      //     reference-compatible with "cv2 T2," or
      //
      // Per C++ [over.best.ics]p2, we don't diagnose whether the lvalue is a
      // bit-field when we're determining whether the reference initialization
      // can occur. However, we do pay attention to whether it is a bit-field
      // to decide whether we're actually binding to a temporary created from
      // the bit-field.
      if (DerivedToBase)
        Sequence.AddDerivedToBaseCastStep(
                         S.Context.getQualifiedType(T1, T2Quals),
                         VK_LValue);
      else if (ObjCConversion)
        Sequence.AddObjCObjectConversionStep(
                                     S.Context.getQualifiedType(T1, T2Quals));

      ExprValueKind ValueKind =
        convertQualifiersAndValueKindIfNecessary(S, Sequence, Initializer,
                                                 cv1T1, T1Quals, T2Quals,
                                                 isLValueRef);
      Sequence.AddReferenceBindingStep(cv1T1, ValueKind == VK_RValue);
      return;
    }

    //     - has a class type (i.e., T2 is a class type), where T1 is not
    //       reference-related to T2, and can be implicitly converted to an
    //       lvalue of type "cv3 T3," where "cv1 T1" is reference-compatible
    //       with "cv3 T3" (this conversion is selected by enumerating the
    //       applicable conversion functions (13.3.1.6) and choosing the best
    //       one through overload resolution (13.3)),
    // If we have an rvalue ref to function type here, the rhs must be
    // an rvalue. DR1287 removed the "implicitly" here.
    if (RefRelationship == Sema::Ref_Incompatible && T2->isRecordType() &&
        (isLValueRef || InitCategory.isRValue())) {
      ConvOvlResult = TryRefInitWithConversionFunction(
          S, Entity, Kind, Initializer, /*AllowRValues*/isRValueRef, Sequence);
      if (ConvOvlResult == OR_Success)
        return;
      if (ConvOvlResult != OR_No_Viable_Function)
        Sequence.SetOverloadFailure(
            InitializationSequence::FK_ReferenceInitOverloadFailed,
            ConvOvlResult);
    }
  }

  //     - Otherwise, the reference shall be an lvalue reference to a
  //       non-volatile const type (i.e., cv1 shall be const), or the reference
  //       shall be an rvalue reference.
  if (isLValueRef && !(T1Quals.hasConst() && !T1Quals.hasVolatile())) {
    if (S.Context.getCanonicalType(T2) == S.Context.OverloadTy)
      Sequence.SetFailed(InitializationSequence::FK_AddressOfOverloadFailed);
    else if (ConvOvlResult && !Sequence.getFailedCandidateSet().empty())
      Sequence.SetOverloadFailure(
                        InitializationSequence::FK_ReferenceInitOverloadFailed,
                                  ConvOvlResult);
    else
      Sequence.SetFailed(InitCategory.isLValue()
        ? (RefRelationship == Sema::Ref_Related
             ? InitializationSequence::FK_ReferenceInitDropsQualifiers
             : InitializationSequence::FK_NonConstLValueReferenceBindingToUnrelated)
        : InitializationSequence::FK_NonConstLValueReferenceBindingToTemporary);

    return;
  }

  //    - If the initializer expression
  //      - is an xvalue, class prvalue, array prvalue, or function lvalue and
  //        "cv1 T1" is reference-compatible with "cv2 T2"
  // Note: functions are handled below.
  if (!T1Function &&
      (RefRelationship >= Sema::Ref_Compatible_With_Added_Qualification ||
       (Kind.isCStyleOrFunctionalCast() &&
        RefRelationship == Sema::Ref_Related)) &&
      (InitCategory.isXValue() ||
       (InitCategory.isPRValue() && T2->isRecordType()) ||
       (InitCategory.isPRValue() && T2->isArrayType()))) {
    ExprValueKind ValueKind = InitCategory.isXValue()? VK_XValue : VK_RValue;
    if (InitCategory.isPRValue() && T2->isRecordType()) {
      // The corresponding bullet in C++03 [dcl.init.ref]p5 gives the
      // compiler the freedom to perform a copy here or bind to the
      // object, while C++0x requires that we bind directly to the
      // object. Hence, we always bind to the object without making an
      // extra copy. However, in C++03 requires that we check for the
      // presence of a suitable copy constructor:
      //
      //   The constructor that would be used to make the copy shall
      //   be callable whether or not the copy is actually done.
      if (!S.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus11 && !S.getLangOpts().MicrosoftExt)
        Sequence.AddExtraneousCopyToTemporary(cv2T2);
      else if (S.getLangOpts().CPlusPlus11)
        CheckCXX98CompatAccessibleCopy(S, Entity, Initializer);
    }

    if (DerivedToBase)
      Sequence.AddDerivedToBaseCastStep(S.Context.getQualifiedType(T1, T2Quals),
                                        ValueKind);
    else if (ObjCConversion)
      Sequence.AddObjCObjectConversionStep(
                                       S.Context.getQualifiedType(T1, T2Quals));

    ValueKind = convertQualifiersAndValueKindIfNecessary(S, Sequence,
                                                         Initializer, cv1T1,
                                                         T1Quals, T2Quals,
                                                         isLValueRef);

    Sequence.AddReferenceBindingStep(cv1T1, ValueKind == VK_RValue);
    return;
  }

  //       - has a class type (i.e., T2 is a class type), where T1 is not
  //         reference-related to T2, and can be implicitly converted to an
  //         xvalue, class prvalue, or function lvalue of type "cv3 T3",
  //         where "cv1 T1" is reference-compatible with "cv3 T3",
  //
  // DR1287 removes the "implicitly" here.
  if (T2->isRecordType()) {
    if (RefRelationship == Sema::Ref_Incompatible) {
      ConvOvlResult = TryRefInitWithConversionFunction(
          S, Entity, Kind, Initializer, /*AllowRValues*/true, Sequence);
      if (ConvOvlResult)
        Sequence.SetOverloadFailure(
            InitializationSequence::FK_ReferenceInitOverloadFailed,
            ConvOvlResult);

      return;
    }

    if ((RefRelationship == Sema::Ref_Compatible ||
         RefRelationship == Sema::Ref_Compatible_With_Added_Qualification) &&
        isRValueRef && InitCategory.isLValue()) {
      Sequence.SetFailed(
        InitializationSequence::FK_RValueReferenceBindingToLValue);
      return;
    }

    Sequence.SetFailed(InitializationSequence::FK_ReferenceInitDropsQualifiers);
    return;
  }

  //      - Otherwise, a temporary of type "cv1 T1" is created and initialized
  //        from the initializer expression using the rules for a non-reference
  //        copy-initialization (8.5). The reference is then bound to the
  //        temporary. [...]

  InitializedEntity TempEntity = InitializedEntity::InitializeTemporary(cv1T1);

  // FIXME: Why do we use an implicit conversion here rather than trying
  // copy-initialization?
  ImplicitConversionSequence ICS
    = S.TryImplicitConversion(Initializer, TempEntity.getType(),
                              /*SuppressUserConversions=*/false,
                              /*AllowExplicit=*/false,
                              /*FIXME:InOverloadResolution=*/false,
                              /*CStyle=*/Kind.isCStyleOrFunctionalCast(),
                              /*AllowObjCWritebackConversion=*/false);

  if (ICS.isBad()) {
    // FIXME: Use the conversion function set stored in ICS to turn
    // this into an overloading ambiguity diagnostic. However, we need
    // to keep that set as an OverloadCandidateSet rather than as some
    // other kind of set.
    if (ConvOvlResult && !Sequence.getFailedCandidateSet().empty())
      Sequence.SetOverloadFailure(
                        InitializationSequence::FK_ReferenceInitOverloadFailed,
                                  ConvOvlResult);
    else if (S.Context.getCanonicalType(T2) == S.Context.OverloadTy)
      Sequence.SetFailed(InitializationSequence::FK_AddressOfOverloadFailed);
    else
      Sequence.SetFailed(InitializationSequence::FK_ReferenceInitFailed);
    return;
  } else {
    Sequence.AddConversionSequenceStep(ICS, TempEntity.getType());
  }

  //        [...] If T1 is reference-related to T2, cv1 must be the
  //        same cv-qualification as, or greater cv-qualification
  //        than, cv2; otherwise, the program is ill-formed.
  unsigned T1CVRQuals = T1Quals.getCVRQualifiers();
  unsigned T2CVRQuals = T2Quals.getCVRQualifiers();
  if (RefRelationship == Sema::Ref_Related &&
      (T1CVRQuals | T2CVRQuals) != T1CVRQuals) {
    Sequence.SetFailed(InitializationSequence::FK_ReferenceInitDropsQualifiers);
    return;
  }

  //   [...] If T1 is reference-related to T2 and the reference is an rvalue
  //   reference, the initializer expression shall not be an lvalue.
  if (RefRelationship >= Sema::Ref_Related && !isLValueRef &&
      InitCategory.isLValue()) {
    Sequence.SetFailed(
                    InitializationSequence::FK_RValueReferenceBindingToLValue);
    return;
  }

  Sequence.AddReferenceBindingStep(cv1T1, /*bindingTemporary=*/true);
}

/// \brief Attempt character array initialization from a string literal
/// (C++ [dcl.init.string], C99 6.7.8).
static void TryStringLiteralInitialization(Sema &S,
                                           const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                           const InitializationKind &Kind,
                                           Expr *Initializer,
                                       InitializationSequence &Sequence) {
  Sequence.AddStringInitStep(Entity.getType());
}

/// \brief Attempt value initialization (C++ [dcl.init]p7).
static void TryValueInitialization(Sema &S,
                                   const InitializedEntity &Entity,
                                   const InitializationKind &Kind,
                                   InitializationSequence &Sequence,
                                   InitListExpr *InitList) {
  assert((!InitList || InitList->getNumInits() == 0) &&
         "Shouldn't use value-init for non-empty init lists");

  // C++98 [dcl.init]p5, C++11 [dcl.init]p7:
  //
  //   To value-initialize an object of type T means:
  QualType T = Entity.getType();