Home | History | Annotate | Download | only in coders
      1 /*
      2 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
      3 %                                                                             %
      4 %                                                                             %
      5 %                                                                             %
      6 %                            DDDD   DDDD   SSSSS                              %
      7 %                            D   D  D   D  SS                                 %
      8 %                            D   D  D   D   SSS                               %
      9 %                            D   D  D   D     SS                              %
     10 %                            DDDD   DDDD   SSSSS                              %
     11 %                                                                             %
     12 %                                                                             %
     13 %           Read/Write Microsoft Direct Draw Surface Image Format             %
     14 %                                                                             %
     15 %                              Software Design                                %
     16 %                             Bianca van Schaik                               %
     17 %                                March 2008                                   %
     18 %                               Dirk Lemstra                                  %
     19 %                              September 2013                                 %
     20 %                                                                             %
     21 %                                                                             %
     22 %  Copyright 1999-2016 ImageMagick Studio LLC, a non-profit organization      %
     23 %  dedicated to making software imaging solutions freely available.           %
     24 %                                                                             %
     25 %  You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.  You may  %
     26 %  obtain a copy of the License at                                            %
     27 %                                                                             %
     28 %    http://www.imagemagick.org/script/license.php                            %
     29 %                                                                             %
     30 %  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software        %
     31 %  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,          %
     32 %  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.   %
     33 %  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and        %
     34 %  limitations under the License.                                             %
     35 %                                                                             %
     36 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
     37 %
     38 %
     39 */
     40 
     41 /*
     43   Include declarations.
     44 */
     45 #include "MagickCore/studio.h"
     46 #include "MagickCore/attribute.h"
     47 #include "MagickCore/blob.h"
     48 #include "MagickCore/blob-private.h"
     49 #include "MagickCore/cache.h"
     50 #include "MagickCore/colorspace.h"
     51 #include "MagickCore/colorspace-private.h"
     52 #include "MagickCore/exception.h"
     53 #include "MagickCore/exception-private.h"
     54 #include "MagickCore/image.h"
     55 #include "MagickCore/image-private.h"
     56 #include "MagickCore/list.h"
     57 #include "MagickCore/log.h"
     58 #include "MagickCore/magick.h"
     59 #include "MagickCore/memory_.h"
     60 #include "MagickCore/monitor.h"
     61 #include "MagickCore/monitor-private.h"
     62 #include "MagickCore/option.h"
     63 #include "MagickCore/pixel-accessor.h"
     64 #include "MagickCore/profile.h"
     65 #include "MagickCore/quantum.h"
     66 #include "MagickCore/quantum-private.h"
     67 #include "MagickCore/resource_.h"
     68 #include "MagickCore/static.h"
     69 #include "MagickCore/string_.h"
     70 #include "MagickCore/string-private.h"
     71 #include "MagickCore/module.h"
     72 #include "MagickCore/transform.h"
     73 
     74 /*
     76   Definitions
     77 */
     78 #define DDSD_CAPS         0x00000001
     79 #define DDSD_HEIGHT       0x00000002
     80 #define DDSD_WIDTH        0x00000004
     81 #define DDSD_PITCH        0x00000008
     82 #define DDSD_PIXELFORMAT  0x00001000
     83 #define DDSD_MIPMAPCOUNT  0x00020000
     84 #define DDSD_LINEARSIZE   0x00080000
     85 #define DDSD_DEPTH        0x00800000
     86 
     87 #define DDPF_ALPHAPIXELS  0x00000001
     88 #define DDPF_FOURCC       0x00000004
     89 #define DDPF_RGB          0x00000040
     90 #define DDPF_LUMINANCE    0x00020000
     91 
     92 #define FOURCC_DXT1       0x31545844
     93 #define FOURCC_DXT3       0x33545844
     94 #define FOURCC_DXT5       0x35545844
     95 
     96 #define DDSCAPS_COMPLEX   0x00000008
     97 #define DDSCAPS_TEXTURE   0x00001000
     98 #define DDSCAPS_MIPMAP    0x00400000
     99 
    100 #define DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP  0x00000200
    101 #define DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_POSITIVEX  0x00000400
    102 #define DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_NEGATIVEX  0x00000800
    103 #define DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_POSITIVEY  0x00001000
    104 #define DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_NEGATIVEY  0x00002000
    105 #define DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_POSITIVEZ  0x00004000
    106 #define DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_NEGATIVEZ  0x00008000
    107 #define DDSCAPS2_VOLUME   0x00200000
    108 
    109 #ifndef SIZE_MAX
    110 #define SIZE_MAX ((size_t) -1)
    111 #endif
    112 
    113 /*
    114   Structure declarations.
    115 */
    116 typedef struct _DDSPixelFormat
    117 {
    118   size_t
    119     flags,
    120     fourcc,
    121     rgb_bitcount,
    122     r_bitmask,
    123     g_bitmask,
    124     b_bitmask,
    125     alpha_bitmask;
    126 } DDSPixelFormat;
    127 
    128 typedef struct _DDSInfo
    129 {
    130   size_t
    131     flags,
    132     height,
    133     width,
    134     pitchOrLinearSize,
    135     depth,
    136     mipmapcount,
    137     ddscaps1,
    138     ddscaps2;
    139 
    140   DDSPixelFormat
    141     pixelformat;
    142 } DDSInfo;
    143 
    144 typedef struct _DDSColors
    145 {
    146   unsigned char
    147     r[4],
    148     g[4],
    149     b[4],
    150     a[4];
    151 } DDSColors;
    152 
    153 typedef struct _DDSVector4
    154 {
    155   float
    156     x,
    157     y,
    158     z,
    159     w;
    160 } DDSVector4;
    161 
    162 typedef struct _DDSVector3
    163 {
    164   float
    165     x,
    166     y,
    167     z;
    168 } DDSVector3;
    169 
    170 typedef struct _DDSSourceBlock
    171 {
    172   unsigned char
    173     start,
    174     end,
    175     error;
    176 } DDSSourceBlock;
    177 
    178 typedef struct _DDSSingleColourLookup
    179 {
    180   DDSSourceBlock sources[2];
    181 } DDSSingleColourLookup;
    182 
    183 typedef MagickBooleanType
    184   DDSDecoder(Image *, DDSInfo *, ExceptionInfo *);
    185 
    186 static const DDSSingleColourLookup DDSLookup_5_4[] =
    187 {
    188   { { { 0, 0, 0 }, { 0, 0, 0 } } },
    189   { { { 0, 0, 1 }, { 0, 1, 1 } } },
    190   { { { 0, 0, 2 }, { 0, 1, 0 } } },
    191   { { { 0, 0, 3 }, { 0, 1, 1 } } },
    192   { { { 0, 0, 4 }, { 0, 2, 1 } } },
    193   { { { 1, 0, 3 }, { 0, 2, 0 } } },
    194   { { { 1, 0, 2 }, { 0, 2, 1 } } },
    195   { { { 1, 0, 1 }, { 0, 3, 1 } } },
    196   { { { 1, 0, 0 }, { 0, 3, 0 } } },
    197   { { { 1, 0, 1 }, { 1, 2, 1 } } },
    198   { { { 1, 0, 2 }, { 1, 2, 0 } } },
    199   { { { 1, 0, 3 }, { 0, 4, 0 } } },
    200   { { { 1, 0, 4 }, { 0, 5, 1 } } },
    201   { { { 2, 0, 3 }, { 0, 5, 0 } } },
    202   { { { 2, 0, 2 }, { 0, 5, 1 } } },
    203   { { { 2, 0, 1 }, { 0, 6, 1 } } },
    204   { { { 2, 0, 0 }, { 0, 6, 0 } } },
    205   { { { 2, 0, 1 }, { 2, 3, 1 } } },
    206   { { { 2, 0, 2 }, { 2, 3, 0 } } },
    207   { { { 2, 0, 3 }, { 0, 7, 0 } } },
    208   { { { 2, 0, 4 }, { 1, 6, 1 } } },
    209   { { { 3, 0, 3 }, { 1, 6, 0 } } },
    210   { { { 3, 0, 2 }, { 0, 8, 0 } } },
    211   { { { 3, 0, 1 }, { 0, 9, 1 } } },
    212   { { { 3, 0, 0 }, { 0, 9, 0 } } },
    213   { { { 3, 0, 1 }, { 0, 9, 1 } } },
    214   { { { 3, 0, 2 }, { 0, 10, 1 } } },
    215   { { { 3, 0, 3 }, { 0, 10, 0 } } },
    216   { { { 3, 0, 4 }, { 2, 7, 1 } } },
    217   { { { 4, 0, 4 }, { 2, 7, 0 } } },
    218   { { { 4, 0, 3 }, { 0, 11, 0 } } },
    219   { { { 4, 0, 2 }, { 1, 10, 1 } } },
    220   { { { 4, 0, 1 }, { 1, 10, 0 } } },
    221   { { { 4, 0, 0 }, { 0, 12, 0 } } },
    222   { { { 4, 0, 1 }, { 0, 13, 1 } } },
    223   { { { 4, 0, 2 }, { 0, 13, 0 } } },
    224   { { { 4, 0, 3 }, { 0, 13, 1 } } },
    225   { { { 4, 0, 4 }, { 0, 14, 1 } } },
    226   { { { 5, 0, 3 }, { 0, 14, 0 } } },
    227   { { { 5, 0, 2 }, { 2, 11, 1 } } },
    228   { { { 5, 0, 1 }, { 2, 11, 0 } } },
    229   { { { 5, 0, 0 }, { 0, 15, 0 } } },
    230   { { { 5, 0, 1 }, { 1, 14, 1 } } },
    231   { { { 5, 0, 2 }, { 1, 14, 0 } } },
    232   { { { 5, 0, 3 }, { 0, 16, 0 } } },
    233   { { { 5, 0, 4 }, { 0, 17, 1 } } },
    234   { { { 6, 0, 3 }, { 0, 17, 0 } } },
    235   { { { 6, 0, 2 }, { 0, 17, 1 } } },
    236   { { { 6, 0, 1 }, { 0, 18, 1 } } },
    237   { { { 6, 0, 0 }, { 0, 18, 0 } } },
    238   { { { 6, 0, 1 }, { 2, 15, 1 } } },
    239   { { { 6, 0, 2 }, { 2, 15, 0 } } },
    240   { { { 6, 0, 3 }, { 0, 19, 0 } } },
    241   { { { 6, 0, 4 }, { 1, 18, 1 } } },
    242   { { { 7, 0, 3 }, { 1, 18, 0 } } },
    243   { { { 7, 0, 2 }, { 0, 20, 0 } } },
    244   { { { 7, 0, 1 }, { 0, 21, 1 } } },
    245   { { { 7, 0, 0 }, { 0, 21, 0 } } },
    246   { { { 7, 0, 1 }, { 0, 21, 1 } } },
    247   { { { 7, 0, 2 }, { 0, 22, 1 } } },
    248   { { { 7, 0, 3 }, { 0, 22, 0 } } },
    249   { { { 7, 0, 4 }, { 2, 19, 1 } } },
    250   { { { 8, 0, 4 }, { 2, 19, 0 } } },
    251   { { { 8, 0, 3 }, { 0, 23, 0 } } },
    252   { { { 8, 0, 2 }, { 1, 22, 1 } } },
    253   { { { 8, 0, 1 }, { 1, 22, 0 } } },
    254   { { { 8, 0, 0 }, { 0, 24, 0 } } },
    255   { { { 8, 0, 1 }, { 0, 25, 1 } } },
    256   { { { 8, 0, 2 }, { 0, 25, 0 } } },
    257   { { { 8, 0, 3 }, { 0, 25, 1 } } },
    258   { { { 8, 0, 4 }, { 0, 26, 1 } } },
    259   { { { 9, 0, 3 }, { 0, 26, 0 } } },
    260   { { { 9, 0, 2 }, { 2, 23, 1 } } },
    261   { { { 9, 0, 1 }, { 2, 23, 0 } } },
    262   { { { 9, 0, 0 }, { 0, 27, 0 } } },
    263   { { { 9, 0, 1 }, { 1, 26, 1 } } },
    264   { { { 9, 0, 2 }, { 1, 26, 0 } } },
    265   { { { 9, 0, 3 }, { 0, 28, 0 } } },
    266   { { { 9, 0, 4 }, { 0, 29, 1 } } },
    267   { { { 10, 0, 3 }, { 0, 29, 0 } } },
    268   { { { 10, 0, 2 }, { 0, 29, 1 } } },
    269   { { { 10, 0, 1 }, { 0, 30, 1 } } },
    270   { { { 10, 0, 0 }, { 0, 30, 0 } } },
    271   { { { 10, 0, 1 }, { 2, 27, 1 } } },
    272   { { { 10, 0, 2 }, { 2, 27, 0 } } },
    273   { { { 10, 0, 3 }, { 0, 31, 0 } } },
    274   { { { 10, 0, 4 }, { 1, 30, 1 } } },
    275   { { { 11, 0, 3 }, { 1, 30, 0 } } },
    276   { { { 11, 0, 2 }, { 4, 24, 0 } } },
    277   { { { 11, 0, 1 }, { 1, 31, 1 } } },
    278   { { { 11, 0, 0 }, { 1, 31, 0 } } },
    279   { { { 11, 0, 1 }, { 1, 31, 1 } } },
    280   { { { 11, 0, 2 }, { 2, 30, 1 } } },
    281   { { { 11, 0, 3 }, { 2, 30, 0 } } },
    282   { { { 11, 0, 4 }, { 2, 31, 1 } } },
    283   { { { 12, 0, 4 }, { 2, 31, 0 } } },
    284   { { { 12, 0, 3 }, { 4, 27, 0 } } },
    285   { { { 12, 0, 2 }, { 3, 30, 1 } } },
    286   { { { 12, 0, 1 }, { 3, 30, 0 } } },
    287   { { { 12, 0, 0 }, { 4, 28, 0 } } },
    288   { { { 12, 0, 1 }, { 3, 31, 1 } } },
    289   { { { 12, 0, 2 }, { 3, 31, 0 } } },
    290   { { { 12, 0, 3 }, { 3, 31, 1 } } },
    291   { { { 12, 0, 4 }, { 4, 30, 1 } } },
    292   { { { 13, 0, 3 }, { 4, 30, 0 } } },
    293   { { { 13, 0, 2 }, { 6, 27, 1 } } },
    294   { { { 13, 0, 1 }, { 6, 27, 0 } } },
    295   { { { 13, 0, 0 }, { 4, 31, 0 } } },
    296   { { { 13, 0, 1 }, { 5, 30, 1 } } },
    297   { { { 13, 0, 2 }, { 5, 30, 0 } } },
    298   { { { 13, 0, 3 }, { 8, 24, 0 } } },
    299   { { { 13, 0, 4 }, { 5, 31, 1 } } },
    300   { { { 14, 0, 3 }, { 5, 31, 0 } } },
    301   { { { 14, 0, 2 }, { 5, 31, 1 } } },
    302   { { { 14, 0, 1 }, { 6, 30, 1 } } },
    303   { { { 14, 0, 0 }, { 6, 30, 0 } } },
    304   { { { 14, 0, 1 }, { 6, 31, 1 } } },
    305   { { { 14, 0, 2 }, { 6, 31, 0 } } },
    306   { { { 14, 0, 3 }, { 8, 27, 0 } } },
    307   { { { 14, 0, 4 }, { 7, 30, 1 } } },
    308   { { { 15, 0, 3 }, { 7, 30, 0 } } },
    309   { { { 15, 0, 2 }, { 8, 28, 0 } } },
    310   { { { 15, 0, 1 }, { 7, 31, 1 } } },
    311   { { { 15, 0, 0 }, { 7, 31, 0 } } },
    312   { { { 15, 0, 1 }, { 7, 31, 1 } } },
    313   { { { 15, 0, 2 }, { 8, 30, 1 } } },
    314   { { { 15, 0, 3 }, { 8, 30, 0 } } },
    315   { { { 15, 0, 4 }, { 10, 27, 1 } } },
    316   { { { 16, 0, 4 }, { 10, 27, 0 } } },
    317   { { { 16, 0, 3 }, { 8, 31, 0 } } },
    318   { { { 16, 0, 2 }, { 9, 30, 1 } } },
    319   { { { 16, 0, 1 }, { 9, 30, 0 } } },
    320   { { { 16, 0, 0 }, { 12, 24, 0 } } },
    321   { { { 16, 0, 1 }, { 9, 31, 1 } } },
    322   { { { 16, 0, 2 }, { 9, 31, 0 } } },
    323   { { { 16, 0, 3 }, { 9, 31, 1 } } },
    324   { { { 16, 0, 4 }, { 10, 30, 1 } } },
    325   { { { 17, 0, 3 }, { 10, 30, 0 } } },
    326   { { { 17, 0, 2 }, { 10, 31, 1 } } },
    327   { { { 17, 0, 1 }, { 10, 31, 0 } } },
    328   { { { 17, 0, 0 }, { 12, 27, 0 } } },
    329   { { { 17, 0, 1 }, { 11, 30, 1 } } },
    330   { { { 17, 0, 2 }, { 11, 30, 0 } } },
    331   { { { 17, 0, 3 }, { 12, 28, 0 } } },
    332   { { { 17, 0, 4 }, { 11, 31, 1 } } },
    333   { { { 18, 0, 3 }, { 11, 31, 0 } } },
    334   { { { 18, 0, 2 }, { 11, 31, 1 } } },
    335   { { { 18, 0, 1 }, { 12, 30, 1 } } },
    336   { { { 18, 0, 0 }, { 12, 30, 0 } } },
    337   { { { 18, 0, 1 }, { 14, 27, 1 } } },
    338   { { { 18, 0, 2 }, { 14, 27, 0 } } },
    339   { { { 18, 0, 3 }, { 12, 31, 0 } } },
    340   { { { 18, 0, 4 }, { 13, 30, 1 } } },
    341   { { { 19, 0, 3 }, { 13, 30, 0 } } },
    342   { { { 19, 0, 2 }, { 16, 24, 0 } } },
    343   { { { 19, 0, 1 }, { 13, 31, 1 } } },
    344   { { { 19, 0, 0 }, { 13, 31, 0 } } },
    345   { { { 19, 0, 1 }, { 13, 31, 1 } } },
    346   { { { 19, 0, 2 }, { 14, 30, 1 } } },
    347   { { { 19, 0, 3 }, { 14, 30, 0 } } },
    348   { { { 19, 0, 4 }, { 14, 31, 1 } } },
    349   { { { 20, 0, 4 }, { 14, 31, 0 } } },
    350   { { { 20, 0, 3 }, { 16, 27, 0 } } },
    351   { { { 20, 0, 2 }, { 15, 30, 1 } } },
    352   { { { 20, 0, 1 }, { 15, 30, 0 } } },
    353   { { { 20, 0, 0 }, { 16, 28, 0 } } },
    354   { { { 20, 0, 1 }, { 15, 31, 1 } } },
    355   { { { 20, 0, 2 }, { 15, 31, 0 } } },
    356   { { { 20, 0, 3 }, { 15, 31, 1 } } },
    357   { { { 20, 0, 4 }, { 16, 30, 1 } } },
    358   { { { 21, 0, 3 }, { 16, 30, 0 } } },
    359   { { { 21, 0, 2 }, { 18, 27, 1 } } },
    360   { { { 21, 0, 1 }, { 18, 27, 0 } } },
    361   { { { 21, 0, 0 }, { 16, 31, 0 } } },
    362   { { { 21, 0, 1 }, { 17, 30, 1 } } },
    363   { { { 21, 0, 2 }, { 17, 30, 0 } } },
    364   { { { 21, 0, 3 }, { 20, 24, 0 } } },
    365   { { { 21, 0, 4 }, { 17, 31, 1 } } },
    366   { { { 22, 0, 3 }, { 17, 31, 0 } } },
    367   { { { 22, 0, 2 }, { 17, 31, 1 } } },
    368   { { { 22, 0, 1 }, { 18, 30, 1 } } },
    369   { { { 22, 0, 0 }, { 18, 30, 0 } } },
    370   { { { 22, 0, 1 }, { 18, 31, 1 } } },
    371   { { { 22, 0, 2 }, { 18, 31, 0 } } },
    372   { { { 22, 0, 3 }, { 20, 27, 0 } } },
    373   { { { 22, 0, 4 }, { 19, 30, 1 } } },
    374   { { { 23, 0, 3 }, { 19, 30, 0 } } },
    375   { { { 23, 0, 2 }, { 20, 28, 0 } } },
    376   { { { 23, 0, 1 }, { 19, 31, 1 } } },
    377   { { { 23, 0, 0 }, { 19, 31, 0 } } },
    378   { { { 23, 0, 1 }, { 19, 31, 1 } } },
    379   { { { 23, 0, 2 }, { 20, 30, 1 } } },
    380   { { { 23, 0, 3 }, { 20, 30, 0 } } },
    381   { { { 23, 0, 4 }, { 22, 27, 1 } } },
    382   { { { 24, 0, 4 }, { 22, 27, 0 } } },
    383   { { { 24, 0, 3 }, { 20, 31, 0 } } },
    384   { { { 24, 0, 2 }, { 21, 30, 1 } } },
    385   { { { 24, 0, 1 }, { 21, 30, 0 } } },
    386   { { { 24, 0, 0 }, { 24, 24, 0 } } },
    387   { { { 24, 0, 1 }, { 21, 31, 1 } } },
    388   { { { 24, 0, 2 }, { 21, 31, 0 } } },
    389   { { { 24, 0, 3 }, { 21, 31, 1 } } },
    390   { { { 24, 0, 4 }, { 22, 30, 1 } } },
    391   { { { 25, 0, 3 }, { 22, 30, 0 } } },
    392   { { { 25, 0, 2 }, { 22, 31, 1 } } },
    393   { { { 25, 0, 1 }, { 22, 31, 0 } } },
    394   { { { 25, 0, 0 }, { 24, 27, 0 } } },
    395   { { { 25, 0, 1 }, { 23, 30, 1 } } },
    396   { { { 25, 0, 2 }, { 23, 30, 0 } } },
    397   { { { 25, 0, 3 }, { 24, 28, 0 } } },
    398   { { { 25, 0, 4 }, { 23, 31, 1 } } },
    399   { { { 26, 0, 3 }, { 23, 31, 0 } } },
    400   { { { 26, 0, 2 }, { 23, 31, 1 } } },
    401   { { { 26, 0, 1 }, { 24, 30, 1 } } },
    402   { { { 26, 0, 0 }, { 24, 30, 0 } } },
    403   { { { 26, 0, 1 }, { 26, 27, 1 } } },
    404   { { { 26, 0, 2 }, { 26, 27, 0 } } },
    405   { { { 26, 0, 3 }, { 24, 31, 0 } } },
    406   { { { 26, 0, 4 }, { 25, 30, 1 } } },
    407   { { { 27, 0, 3 }, { 25, 30, 0 } } },
    408   { { { 27, 0, 2 }, { 28, 24, 0 } } },
    409   { { { 27, 0, 1 }, { 25, 31, 1 } } },
    410   { { { 27, 0, 0 }, { 25, 31, 0 } } },
    411   { { { 27, 0, 1 }, { 25, 31, 1 } } },
    412   { { { 27, 0, 2 }, { 26, 30, 1 } } },
    413   { { { 27, 0, 3 }, { 26, 30, 0 } } },
    414   { { { 27, 0, 4 }, { 26, 31, 1 } } },
    415   { { { 28, 0, 4 }, { 26, 31, 0 } } },
    416   { { { 28, 0, 3 }, { 28, 27, 0 } } },
    417   { { { 28, 0, 2 }, { 27, 30, 1 } } },
    418   { { { 28, 0, 1 }, { 27, 30, 0 } } },
    419   { { { 28, 0, 0 }, { 28, 28, 0 } } },
    420   { { { 28, 0, 1 }, { 27, 31, 1 } } },
    421   { { { 28, 0, 2 }, { 27, 31, 0 } } },
    422   { { { 28, 0, 3 }, { 27, 31, 1 } } },
    423   { { { 28, 0, 4 }, { 28, 30, 1 } } },
    424   { { { 29, 0, 3 }, { 28, 30, 0 } } },
    425   { { { 29, 0, 2 }, { 30, 27, 1 } } },
    426   { { { 29, 0, 1 }, { 30, 27, 0 } } },
    427   { { { 29, 0, 0 }, { 28, 31, 0 } } },
    428   { { { 29, 0, 1 }, { 29, 30, 1 } } },
    429   { { { 29, 0, 2 }, { 29, 30, 0 } } },
    430   { { { 29, 0, 3 }, { 29, 30, 1 } } },
    431   { { { 29, 0, 4 }, { 29, 31, 1 } } },
    432   { { { 30, 0, 3 }, { 29, 31, 0 } } },
    433   { { { 30, 0, 2 }, { 29, 31, 1 } } },
    434   { { { 30, 0, 1 }, { 30, 30, 1 } } },
    435   { { { 30, 0, 0 }, { 30, 30, 0 } } },
    436   { { { 30, 0, 1 }, { 30, 31, 1 } } },
    437   { { { 30, 0, 2 }, { 30, 31, 0 } } },
    438   { { { 30, 0, 3 }, { 30, 31, 1 } } },
    439   { { { 30, 0, 4 }, { 31, 30, 1 } } },
    440   { { { 31, 0, 3 }, { 31, 30, 0 } } },
    441   { { { 31, 0, 2 }, { 31, 30, 1 } } },
    442   { { { 31, 0, 1 }, { 31, 31, 1 } } },
    443   { { { 31, 0, 0 }, { 31, 31, 0 } } }
    444 };
    445 
    446 static const DDSSingleColourLookup DDSLookup_6_4[] =
    447 {
    448   { { { 0, 0, 0 }, { 0, 0, 0 } } },
    449   { { { 0, 0, 1 }, { 0, 1, 0 } } },
    450   { { { 0, 0, 2 }, { 0, 2, 0 } } },
    451   { { { 1, 0, 1 }, { 0, 3, 1 } } },
    452   { { { 1, 0, 0 }, { 0, 3, 0 } } },
    453   { { { 1, 0, 1 }, { 0, 4, 0 } } },
    454   { { { 1, 0, 2 }, { 0, 5, 0 } } },
    455   { { { 2, 0, 1 }, { 0, 6, 1 } } },
    456   { { { 2, 0, 0 }, { 0, 6, 0 } } },
    457   { { { 2, 0, 1 }, { 0, 7, 0 } } },
    458   { { { 2, 0, 2 }, { 0, 8, 0 } } },
    459   { { { 3, 0, 1 }, { 0, 9, 1 } } },
    460   { { { 3, 0, 0 }, { 0, 9, 0 } } },
    461   { { { 3, 0, 1 }, { 0, 10, 0 } } },
    462   { { { 3, 0, 2 }, { 0, 11, 0 } } },
    463   { { { 4, 0, 1 }, { 0, 12, 1 } } },
    464   { { { 4, 0, 0 }, { 0, 12, 0 } } },
    465   { { { 4, 0, 1 }, { 0, 13, 0 } } },
    466   { { { 4, 0, 2 }, { 0, 14, 0 } } },
    467   { { { 5, 0, 1 }, { 0, 15, 1 } } },
    468   { { { 5, 0, 0 }, { 0, 15, 0 } } },
    469   { { { 5, 0, 1 }, { 0, 16, 0 } } },
    470   { { { 5, 0, 2 }, { 1, 15, 0 } } },
    471   { { { 6, 0, 1 }, { 0, 17, 0 } } },
    472   { { { 6, 0, 0 }, { 0, 18, 0 } } },
    473   { { { 6, 0, 1 }, { 0, 19, 0 } } },
    474   { { { 6, 0, 2 }, { 3, 14, 0 } } },
    475   { { { 7, 0, 1 }, { 0, 20, 0 } } },
    476   { { { 7, 0, 0 }, { 0, 21, 0 } } },
    477   { { { 7, 0, 1 }, { 0, 22, 0 } } },
    478   { { { 7, 0, 2 }, { 4, 15, 0 } } },
    479   { { { 8, 0, 1 }, { 0, 23, 0 } } },
    480   { { { 8, 0, 0 }, { 0, 24, 0 } } },
    481   { { { 8, 0, 1 }, { 0, 25, 0 } } },
    482   { { { 8, 0, 2 }, { 6, 14, 0 } } },
    483   { { { 9, 0, 1 }, { 0, 26, 0 } } },
    484   { { { 9, 0, 0 }, { 0, 27, 0 } } },
    485   { { { 9, 0, 1 }, { 0, 28, 0 } } },
    486   { { { 9, 0, 2 }, { 7, 15, 0 } } },
    487   { { { 10, 0, 1 }, { 0, 29, 0 } } },
    488   { { { 10, 0, 0 }, { 0, 30, 0 } } },
    489   { { { 10, 0, 1 }, { 0, 31, 0 } } },
    490   { { { 10, 0, 2 }, { 9, 14, 0 } } },
    491   { { { 11, 0, 1 }, { 0, 32, 0 } } },
    492   { { { 11, 0, 0 }, { 0, 33, 0 } } },
    493   { { { 11, 0, 1 }, { 2, 30, 0 } } },
    494   { { { 11, 0, 2 }, { 0, 34, 0 } } },
    495   { { { 12, 0, 1 }, { 0, 35, 0 } } },
    496   { { { 12, 0, 0 }, { 0, 36, 0 } } },
    497   { { { 12, 0, 1 }, { 3, 31, 0 } } },
    498   { { { 12, 0, 2 }, { 0, 37, 0 } } },
    499   { { { 13, 0, 1 }, { 0, 38, 0 } } },
    500   { { { 13, 0, 0 }, { 0, 39, 0 } } },
    501   { { { 13, 0, 1 }, { 5, 30, 0 } } },
    502   { { { 13, 0, 2 }, { 0, 40, 0 } } },
    503   { { { 14, 0, 1 }, { 0, 41, 0 } } },
    504   { { { 14, 0, 0 }, { 0, 42, 0 } } },
    505   { { { 14, 0, 1 }, { 6, 31, 0 } } },
    506   { { { 14, 0, 2 }, { 0, 43, 0 } } },
    507   { { { 15, 0, 1 }, { 0, 44, 0 } } },
    508   { { { 15, 0, 0 }, { 0, 45, 0 } } },
    509   { { { 15, 0, 1 }, { 8, 30, 0 } } },
    510   { { { 15, 0, 2 }, { 0, 46, 0 } } },
    511   { { { 16, 0, 2 }, { 0, 47, 0 } } },
    512   { { { 16, 0, 1 }, { 1, 46, 0 } } },
    513   { { { 16, 0, 0 }, { 0, 48, 0 } } },
    514   { { { 16, 0, 1 }, { 0, 49, 0 } } },
    515   { { { 16, 0, 2 }, { 0, 50, 0 } } },
    516   { { { 17, 0, 1 }, { 2, 47, 0 } } },
    517   { { { 17, 0, 0 }, { 0, 51, 0 } } },
    518   { { { 17, 0, 1 }, { 0, 52, 0 } } },
    519   { { { 17, 0, 2 }, { 0, 53, 0 } } },
    520   { { { 18, 0, 1 }, { 4, 46, 0 } } },
    521   { { { 18, 0, 0 }, { 0, 54, 0 } } },
    522   { { { 18, 0, 1 }, { 0, 55, 0 } } },
    523   { { { 18, 0, 2 }, { 0, 56, 0 } } },
    524   { { { 19, 0, 1 }, { 5, 47, 0 } } },
    525   { { { 19, 0, 0 }, { 0, 57, 0 } } },
    526   { { { 19, 0, 1 }, { 0, 58, 0 } } },
    527   { { { 19, 0, 2 }, { 0, 59, 0 } } },
    528   { { { 20, 0, 1 }, { 7, 46, 0 } } },
    529   { { { 20, 0, 0 }, { 0, 60, 0 } } },
    530   { { { 20, 0, 1 }, { 0, 61, 0 } } },
    531   { { { 20, 0, 2 }, { 0, 62, 0 } } },
    532   { { { 21, 0, 1 }, { 8, 47, 0 } } },
    533   { { { 21, 0, 0 }, { 0, 63, 0 } } },
    534   { { { 21, 0, 1 }, { 1, 62, 0 } } },
    535   { { { 21, 0, 2 }, { 1, 63, 0 } } },
    536   { { { 22, 0, 1 }, { 10, 46, 0 } } },
    537   { { { 22, 0, 0 }, { 2, 62, 0 } } },
    538   { { { 22, 0, 1 }, { 2, 63, 0 } } },
    539   { { { 22, 0, 2 }, { 3, 62, 0 } } },
    540   { { { 23, 0, 1 }, { 11, 47, 0 } } },
    541   { { { 23, 0, 0 }, { 3, 63, 0 } } },
    542   { { { 23, 0, 1 }, { 4, 62, 0 } } },
    543   { { { 23, 0, 2 }, { 4, 63, 0 } } },
    544   { { { 24, 0, 1 }, { 13, 46, 0 } } },
    545   { { { 24, 0, 0 }, { 5, 62, 0 } } },
    546   { { { 24, 0, 1 }, { 5, 63, 0 } } },
    547   { { { 24, 0, 2 }, { 6, 62, 0 } } },
    548   { { { 25, 0, 1 }, { 14, 47, 0 } } },
    549   { { { 25, 0, 0 }, { 6, 63, 0 } } },
    550   { { { 25, 0, 1 }, { 7, 62, 0 } } },
    551   { { { 25, 0, 2 }, { 7, 63, 0 } } },
    552   { { { 26, 0, 1 }, { 16, 45, 0 } } },
    553   { { { 26, 0, 0 }, { 8, 62, 0 } } },
    554   { { { 26, 0, 1 }, { 8, 63, 0 } } },
    555   { { { 26, 0, 2 }, { 9, 62, 0 } } },
    556   { { { 27, 0, 1 }, { 16, 48, 0 } } },
    557   { { { 27, 0, 0 }, { 9, 63, 0 } } },
    558   { { { 27, 0, 1 }, { 10, 62, 0 } } },
    559   { { { 27, 0, 2 }, { 10, 63, 0 } } },
    560   { { { 28, 0, 1 }, { 16, 51, 0 } } },
    561   { { { 28, 0, 0 }, { 11, 62, 0 } } },
    562   { { { 28, 0, 1 }, { 11, 63, 0 } } },
    563   { { { 28, 0, 2 }, { 12, 62, 0 } } },
    564   { { { 29, 0, 1 }, { 16, 54, 0 } } },
    565   { { { 29, 0, 0 }, { 12, 63, 0 } } },
    566   { { { 29, 0, 1 }, { 13, 62, 0 } } },
    567   { { { 29, 0, 2 }, { 13, 63, 0 } } },
    568   { { { 30, 0, 1 }, { 16, 57, 0 } } },
    569   { { { 30, 0, 0 }, { 14, 62, 0 } } },
    570   { { { 30, 0, 1 }, { 14, 63, 0 } } },
    571   { { { 30, 0, 2 }, { 15, 62, 0 } } },
    572   { { { 31, 0, 1 }, { 16, 60, 0 } } },
    573   { { { 31, 0, 0 }, { 15, 63, 0 } } },
    574   { { { 31, 0, 1 }, { 24, 46, 0 } } },
    575   { { { 31, 0, 2 }, { 16, 62, 0 } } },
    576   { { { 32, 0, 2 }, { 16, 63, 0 } } },
    577   { { { 32, 0, 1 }, { 17, 62, 0 } } },
    578   { { { 32, 0, 0 }, { 25, 47, 0 } } },
    579   { { { 32, 0, 1 }, { 17, 63, 0 } } },
    580   { { { 32, 0, 2 }, { 18, 62, 0 } } },
    581   { { { 33, 0, 1 }, { 18, 63, 0 } } },
    582   { { { 33, 0, 0 }, { 27, 46, 0 } } },
    583   { { { 33, 0, 1 }, { 19, 62, 0 } } },
    584   { { { 33, 0, 2 }, { 19, 63, 0 } } },
    585   { { { 34, 0, 1 }, { 20, 62, 0 } } },
    586   { { { 34, 0, 0 }, { 28, 47, 0 } } },
    587   { { { 34, 0, 1 }, { 20, 63, 0 } } },
    588   { { { 34, 0, 2 }, { 21, 62, 0 } } },
    589   { { { 35, 0, 1 }, { 21, 63, 0 } } },
    590   { { { 35, 0, 0 }, { 30, 46, 0 } } },
    591   { { { 35, 0, 1 }, { 22, 62, 0 } } },
    592   { { { 35, 0, 2 }, { 22, 63, 0 } } },
    593   { { { 36, 0, 1 }, { 23, 62, 0 } } },
    594   { { { 36, 0, 0 }, { 31, 47, 0 } } },
    595   { { { 36, 0, 1 }, { 23, 63, 0 } } },
    596   { { { 36, 0, 2 }, { 24, 62, 0 } } },
    597   { { { 37, 0, 1 }, { 24, 63, 0 } } },
    598   { { { 37, 0, 0 }, { 32, 47, 0 } } },
    599   { { { 37, 0, 1 }, { 25, 62, 0 } } },
    600   { { { 37, 0, 2 }, { 25, 63, 0 } } },
    601   { { { 38, 0, 1 }, { 26, 62, 0 } } },
    602   { { { 38, 0, 0 }, { 32, 50, 0 } } },
    603   { { { 38, 0, 1 }, { 26, 63, 0 } } },
    604   { { { 38, 0, 2 }, { 27, 62, 0 } } },
    605   { { { 39, 0, 1 }, { 27, 63, 0 } } },
    606   { { { 39, 0, 0 }, { 32, 53, 0 } } },
    607   { { { 39, 0, 1 }, { 28, 62, 0 } } },
    608   { { { 39, 0, 2 }, { 28, 63, 0 } } },
    609   { { { 40, 0, 1 }, { 29, 62, 0 } } },
    610   { { { 40, 0, 0 }, { 32, 56, 0 } } },
    611   { { { 40, 0, 1 }, { 29, 63, 0 } } },
    612   { { { 40, 0, 2 }, { 30, 62, 0 } } },
    613   { { { 41, 0, 1 }, { 30, 63, 0 } } },
    614   { { { 41, 0, 0 }, { 32, 59, 0 } } },
    615   { { { 41, 0, 1 }, { 31, 62, 0 } } },
    616   { { { 41, 0, 2 }, { 31, 63, 0 } } },
    617   { { { 42, 0, 1 }, { 32, 61, 0 } } },
    618   { { { 42, 0, 0 }, { 32, 62, 0 } } },
    619   { { { 42, 0, 1 }, { 32, 63, 0 } } },
    620   { { { 42, 0, 2 }, { 41, 46, 0 } } },
    621   { { { 43, 0, 1 }, { 33, 62, 0 } } },
    622   { { { 43, 0, 0 }, { 33, 63, 0 } } },
    623   { { { 43, 0, 1 }, { 34, 62, 0 } } },
    624   { { { 43, 0, 2 }, { 42, 47, 0 } } },
    625   { { { 44, 0, 1 }, { 34, 63, 0 } } },
    626   { { { 44, 0, 0 }, { 35, 62, 0 } } },
    627   { { { 44, 0, 1 }, { 35, 63, 0 } } },
    628   { { { 44, 0, 2 }, { 44, 46, 0 } } },
    629   { { { 45, 0, 1 }, { 36, 62, 0 } } },
    630   { { { 45, 0, 0 }, { 36, 63, 0 } } },
    631   { { { 45, 0, 1 }, { 37, 62, 0 } } },
    632   { { { 45, 0, 2 }, { 45, 47, 0 } } },
    633   { { { 46, 0, 1 }, { 37, 63, 0 } } },
    634   { { { 46, 0, 0 }, { 38, 62, 0 } } },
    635   { { { 46, 0, 1 }, { 38, 63, 0 } } },
    636   { { { 46, 0, 2 }, { 47, 46, 0 } } },
    637   { { { 47, 0, 1 }, { 39, 62, 0 } } },
    638   { { { 47, 0, 0 }, { 39, 63, 0 } } },
    639   { { { 47, 0, 1 }, { 40, 62, 0 } } },
    640   { { { 47, 0, 2 }, { 48, 46, 0 } } },
    641   { { { 48, 0, 2 }, { 40, 63, 0 } } },
    642   { { { 48, 0, 1 }, { 41, 62, 0 } } },
    643   { { { 48, 0, 0 }, { 41, 63, 0 } } },
    644   { { { 48, 0, 1 }, { 48, 49, 0 } } },
    645   { { { 48, 0, 2 }, { 42, 62, 0 } } },
    646   { { { 49, 0, 1 }, { 42, 63, 0 } } },
    647   { { { 49, 0, 0 }, { 43, 62, 0 } } },
    648   { { { 49, 0, 1 }, { 48, 52, 0 } } },
    649   { { { 49, 0, 2 }, { 43, 63, 0 } } },
    650   { { { 50, 0, 1 }, { 44, 62, 0 } } },
    651   { { { 50, 0, 0 }, { 44, 63, 0 } } },
    652   { { { 50, 0, 1 }, { 48, 55, 0 } } },
    653   { { { 50, 0, 2 }, { 45, 62, 0 } } },
    654   { { { 51, 0, 1 }, { 45, 63, 0 } } },
    655   { { { 51, 0, 0 }, { 46, 62, 0 } } },
    656   { { { 51, 0, 1 }, { 48, 58, 0 } } },
    657   { { { 51, 0, 2 }, { 46, 63, 0 } } },
    658   { { { 52, 0, 1 }, { 47, 62, 0 } } },
    659   { { { 52, 0, 0 }, { 47, 63, 0 } } },
    660   { { { 52, 0, 1 }, { 48, 61, 0 } } },
    661   { { { 52, 0, 2 }, { 48, 62, 0 } } },
    662   { { { 53, 0, 1 }, { 56, 47, 0 } } },
    663   { { { 53, 0, 0 }, { 48, 63, 0 } } },
    664   { { { 53, 0, 1 }, { 49, 62, 0 } } },
    665   { { { 53, 0, 2 }, { 49, 63, 0 } } },
    666   { { { 54, 0, 1 }, { 58, 46, 0 } } },
    667   { { { 54, 0, 0 }, { 50, 62, 0 } } },
    668   { { { 54, 0, 1 }, { 50, 63, 0 } } },
    669   { { { 54, 0, 2 }, { 51, 62, 0 } } },
    670   { { { 55, 0, 1 }, { 59, 47, 0 } } },
    671   { { { 55, 0, 0 }, { 51, 63, 0 } } },
    672   { { { 55, 0, 1 }, { 52, 62, 0 } } },
    673   { { { 55, 0, 2 }, { 52, 63, 0 } } },
    674   { { { 56, 0, 1 }, { 61, 46, 0 } } },
    675   { { { 56, 0, 0 }, { 53, 62, 0 } } },
    676   { { { 56, 0, 1 }, { 53, 63, 0 } } },
    677   { { { 56, 0, 2 }, { 54, 62, 0 } } },
    678   { { { 57, 0, 1 }, { 62, 47, 0 } } },
    679   { { { 57, 0, 0 }, { 54, 63, 0 } } },
    680   { { { 57, 0, 1 }, { 55, 62, 0 } } },
    681   { { { 57, 0, 2 }, { 55, 63, 0 } } },
    682   { { { 58, 0, 1 }, { 56, 62, 1 } } },
    683   { { { 58, 0, 0 }, { 56, 62, 0 } } },
    684   { { { 58, 0, 1 }, { 56, 63, 0 } } },
    685   { { { 58, 0, 2 }, { 57, 62, 0 } } },
    686   { { { 59, 0, 1 }, { 57, 63, 1 } } },
    687   { { { 59, 0, 0 }, { 57, 63, 0 } } },
    688   { { { 59, 0, 1 }, { 58, 62, 0 } } },
    689   { { { 59, 0, 2 }, { 58, 63, 0 } } },
    690   { { { 60, 0, 1 }, { 59, 62, 1 } } },
    691   { { { 60, 0, 0 }, { 59, 62, 0 } } },
    692   { { { 60, 0, 1 }, { 59, 63, 0 } } },
    693   { { { 60, 0, 2 }, { 60, 62, 0 } } },
    694   { { { 61, 0, 1 }, { 60, 63, 1 } } },
    695   { { { 61, 0, 0 }, { 60, 63, 0 } } },
    696   { { { 61, 0, 1 }, { 61, 62, 0 } } },
    697   { { { 61, 0, 2 }, { 61, 63, 0 } } },
    698   { { { 62, 0, 1 }, { 62, 62, 1 } } },
    699   { { { 62, 0, 0 }, { 62, 62, 0 } } },
    700   { { { 62, 0, 1 }, { 62, 63, 0 } } },
    701   { { { 62, 0, 2 }, { 63, 62, 0 } } },
    702   { { { 63, 0, 1 }, { 63, 63, 1 } } },
    703   { { { 63, 0, 0 }, { 63, 63, 0 } } }
    704 };
    705 
    706 static const DDSSingleColourLookup*
    707   DDS_LOOKUP[] =
    708 {
    709   DDSLookup_5_4,
    710   DDSLookup_6_4,
    711   DDSLookup_5_4
    712 };
    713 
    714 /*
    715   Macros
    716 */
    717 #define C565_r(x) (((x) & 0xF800) >> 11)
    718 #define C565_g(x) (((x) & 0x07E0) >> 5)
    719 #define C565_b(x)  ((x) & 0x001F)
    720 
    721 #define C565_red(x)   ( (C565_r(x) << 3 | C565_r(x) >> 2))
    722 #define C565_green(x) ( (C565_g(x) << 2 | C565_g(x) >> 4))
    723 #define C565_blue(x)  ( (C565_b(x) << 3 | C565_b(x) >> 2))
    724 
    725 #define DIV2(x)  ((x) > 1 ? ((x) >> 1) : 1)
    726 
    727 #define FixRange(min, max, steps) \
    728 if (min > max) \
    729   min = max; \
    730 if (max - min < steps) \
    731   max = MagickMin(min + steps, 255); \
    732 if (max - min < steps) \
    733   min = MagickMax(0, max - steps)
    734 
    735 #define Dot(left, right) (left.x*right.x) + (left.y*right.y) + (left.z*right.z)
    736 
    737 #define VectorInit(vector, value) vector.x = vector.y = vector.z = vector.w \
    738   = value
    739 #define VectorInit3(vector, value) vector.x = vector.y = vector.z = value
    740 
    741 #define IsBitMask(mask, r, g, b, a) (mask.r_bitmask == r && mask.g_bitmask == \
    742   g && mask.b_bitmask == b && mask.alpha_bitmask == a)
    743 
    744 /*
    745   Forward declarations
    746 */
    747 /*
    748   Forward declarations
    749 */
    750 static MagickBooleanType
    751   ConstructOrdering(const size_t,const DDSVector4 *,const DDSVector3,
    752     DDSVector4 *, DDSVector4 *, unsigned char *, size_t),
    753   ReadDDSInfo(Image *,DDSInfo *),
    754   ReadDXT1(Image *,DDSInfo *,ExceptionInfo *),
    755   ReadDXT3(Image *,DDSInfo *,ExceptionInfo *),
    756   ReadDXT5(Image *,DDSInfo *,ExceptionInfo *),
    757   ReadUncompressedRGB(Image *,DDSInfo *,ExceptionInfo *),
    758   ReadUncompressedRGBA(Image *,DDSInfo *,ExceptionInfo *),
    759   SkipDXTMipmaps(Image *,DDSInfo *,int,ExceptionInfo *),
    760   SkipRGBMipmaps(Image *,DDSInfo *,int,ExceptionInfo *),
    761   WriteDDSImage(const ImageInfo *,Image *,ExceptionInfo *),
    762   WriteMipmaps(Image *,const size_t,const size_t,const size_t,
    763     const MagickBooleanType,const MagickBooleanType,ExceptionInfo *);
    764 
    765 static void
    766   RemapIndices(const ssize_t *,const unsigned char *,unsigned char *),
    767   WriteDDSInfo(Image *,const size_t,const size_t,const size_t),
    768   WriteFourCC(Image *,const size_t,const MagickBooleanType,
    769     const MagickBooleanType,ExceptionInfo *),
    770   WriteImageData(Image *,const size_t,const size_t,const MagickBooleanType,
    771     const MagickBooleanType,ExceptionInfo *),
    772   WriteIndices(Image *,const DDSVector3,const DDSVector3,unsigned char *),
    773   WriteSingleColorFit(Image *,const DDSVector4 *,const ssize_t *),
    774   WriteUncompressed(Image *,ExceptionInfo *);
    775 
    776 static inline void VectorAdd(const DDSVector4 left, const DDSVector4 right,
    777   DDSVector4 *destination)
    778 {
    779   destination->x = left.x + right.x;
    780   destination->y = left.y + right.y;
    781   destination->z = left.z + right.z;
    782   destination->w = left.w + right.w;
    783 }
    784 
    785 static inline void VectorClamp(DDSVector4 *value)
    786 {
    787   value->x = MagickMin(1.0f,MagickMax(0.0f,value->x));
    788   value->y = MagickMin(1.0f,MagickMax(0.0f,value->y));
    789   value->z = MagickMin(1.0f,MagickMax(0.0f,value->z));
    790   value->w = MagickMin(1.0f,MagickMax(0.0f,value->w));
    791 }
    792 
    793 static inline void VectorClamp3(DDSVector3 *value)
    794 {
    795   value->x = MagickMin(1.0f,MagickMax(0.0f,value->x));
    796   value->y = MagickMin(1.0f,MagickMax(0.0f,value->y));
    797   value->z = MagickMin(1.0f,MagickMax(0.0f,value->z));
    798 }
    799 
    800 static inline void VectorCopy43(const DDSVector4 source,
    801   DDSVector3 *destination)
    802 {
    803   destination->x = source.x;
    804   destination->y = source.y;
    805   destination->z = source.z;
    806 }
    807 
    808 static inline void VectorCopy44(const DDSVector4 source,
    809   DDSVector4 *destination)
    810 {
    811   destination->x = source.x;
    812   destination->y = source.y;
    813   destination->z = source.z;
    814   destination->w = source.w;
    815 }
    816 
    817 static inline void VectorNegativeMultiplySubtract(const DDSVector4 a,
    818   const DDSVector4 b, const DDSVector4 c, DDSVector4 *destination)
    819 {
    820   destination->x = c.x - (a.x * b.x);
    821   destination->y = c.y - (a.y * b.y);
    822   destination->z = c.z - (a.z * b.z);
    823   destination->w = c.w - (a.w * b.w);
    824 }
    825 
    826 static inline void VectorMultiply(const DDSVector4 left,
    827   const DDSVector4 right, DDSVector4 *destination)
    828 {
    829   destination->x = left.x * right.x;
    830   destination->y = left.y * right.y;
    831   destination->z = left.z * right.z;
    832   destination->w = left.w * right.w;
    833 }
    834 
    835 static inline void VectorMultiply3(const DDSVector3 left,
    836   const DDSVector3 right, DDSVector3 *destination)
    837 {
    838   destination->x = left.x * right.x;
    839   destination->y = left.y * right.y;
    840   destination->z = left.z * right.z;
    841 }
    842 
    843 static inline void VectorMultiplyAdd(const DDSVector4 a, const DDSVector4 b,
    844   const DDSVector4 c, DDSVector4 *destination)
    845 {
    846   destination->x = (a.x * b.x) + c.x;
    847   destination->y = (a.y * b.y) + c.y;
    848   destination->z = (a.z * b.z) + c.z;
    849   destination->w = (a.w * b.w) + c.w;
    850 }
    851 
    852 static inline void VectorMultiplyAdd3(const DDSVector3 a, const DDSVector3 b,
    853   const DDSVector3 c, DDSVector3 *destination)
    854 {
    855   destination->x = (a.x * b.x) + c.x;
    856   destination->y = (a.y * b.y) + c.y;
    857   destination->z = (a.z * b.z) + c.z;
    858 }
    859 
    860 static inline void VectorReciprocal(const DDSVector4 value,
    861   DDSVector4 *destination)
    862 {
    863   destination->x = 1.0f / value.x;
    864   destination->y = 1.0f / value.y;
    865   destination->z = 1.0f / value.z;
    866   destination->w = 1.0f / value.w;
    867 }
    868 
    869 static inline void VectorSubtract(const DDSVector4 left,
    870   const DDSVector4 right, DDSVector4 *destination)
    871 {
    872   destination->x = left.x - right.x;
    873   destination->y = left.y - right.y;
    874   destination->z = left.z - right.z;
    875   destination->w = left.w - right.w;
    876 }
    877 
    878 static inline void VectorSubtract3(const DDSVector3 left,
    879   const DDSVector3 right, DDSVector3 *destination)
    880 {
    881   destination->x = left.x - right.x;
    882   destination->y = left.y - right.y;
    883   destination->z = left.z - right.z;
    884 }
    885 
    886 static inline void VectorTruncate(DDSVector4 *value)
    887 {
    888   value->x = value->x > 0.0f ? floor(value->x) : ceil(value->x);
    889   value->y = value->y > 0.0f ? floor(value->y) : ceil(value->y);
    890   value->z = value->z > 0.0f ? floor(value->z) : ceil(value->z);
    891   value->w = value->w > 0.0f ? floor(value->w) : ceil(value->w);
    892 }
    893 
    894 static inline void VectorTruncate3(DDSVector3 *value)
    895 {
    896   value->x = value->x > 0.0f ? floor(value->x) : ceil(value->x);
    897   value->y = value->y > 0.0f ? floor(value->y) : ceil(value->y);
    898   value->z = value->z > 0.0f ? floor(value->z) : ceil(value->z);
    899 }
    900 
    901 static void CalculateColors(unsigned short c0, unsigned short c1,
    902   DDSColors *c, MagickBooleanType ignoreAlpha)
    903 {
    904   c->a[0] = c->a[1] = c->a[2] = c->a[3] = 0;
    905 
    906   c->r[0] = (unsigned char) C565_red(c0);
    907   c->g[0] = (unsigned char) C565_green(c0);
    908   c->b[0] = (unsigned char) C565_blue(c0);
    909 
    910   c->r[1] = (unsigned char) C565_red(c1);
    911   c->g[1] = (unsigned char) C565_green(c1);
    912   c->b[1] = (unsigned char) C565_blue(c1);
    913 
    914   if (ignoreAlpha != MagickFalse || c0 > c1)
    915     {
    916       c->r[2] = (unsigned char) ((2 * c->r[0] + c->r[1]) / 3);
    917       c->g[2] = (unsigned char) ((2 * c->g[0] + c->g[1]) / 3);
    918       c->b[2] = (unsigned char) ((2 * c->b[0] + c->b[1]) / 3);
    919 
    920       c->r[3] = (unsigned char) ((c->r[0] + 2 * c->r[1]) / 3);
    921       c->g[3] = (unsigned char) ((c->g[0] + 2 * c->g[1]) / 3);
    922       c->b[3] = (unsigned char) ((c->b[0] + 2 * c->b[1]) / 3);
    923     }
    924   else
    925     {
    926       c->r[2] = (unsigned char) ((c->r[0] + c->r[1]) / 2);
    927       c->g[2] = (unsigned char) ((c->g[0] + c->g[1]) / 2);
    928       c->b[2] = (unsigned char) ((c->b[0] + c->b[1]) / 2);
    929 
    930       c->r[3] = c->g[3] = c->b[3] = 0;
    931       c->a[3] = 255;
    932     }
    933 }
    934 
    935 static size_t CompressAlpha(const size_t min, const size_t max,
    936   const size_t steps, const ssize_t *alphas, unsigned char* indices)
    937 {
    938   unsigned char
    939     codes[8];
    940 
    941   register ssize_t
    942     i;
    943 
    944   size_t
    945     error,
    946     index,
    947     j,
    948     least,
    949     value;
    950 
    951   codes[0] = (unsigned char) min;
    952   codes[1] = (unsigned char) max;
    953   codes[6] = 0;
    954   codes[7] = 255;
    955 
    956   for (i=1; i <  (ssize_t) steps; i++)
    957     codes[i+1] = (unsigned char) (((steps-i)*min + i*max) / steps);
    958 
    959   error = 0;
    960   for (i=0; i<16; i++)
    961   {
    962     if (alphas[i] == -1)
    963       {
    964         indices[i] = 0;
    965         continue;
    966       }
    967 
    968     value = alphas[i];
    969     least = SIZE_MAX;
    970     index = 0;
    971     for (j=0; j<8; j++)
    972     {
    973       size_t
    974         dist;
    975 
    976       dist = value - (size_t)codes[j];
    977       dist *= dist;
    978 
    979       if (dist < least)
    980         {
    981           least = dist;
    982           index = j;
    983         }
    984     }
    985 
    986     indices[i] = (unsigned char)index;
    987     error += least;
    988   }
    989 
    990   return error;
    991 }
    992 
    993 static void CompressClusterFit(const size_t count,
    994   const DDSVector4 *points, const ssize_t *map, const DDSVector3 principle,
    995   const DDSVector4 metric, DDSVector3 *start, DDSVector3* end,
    996   unsigned char *indices)
    997 {
    998   DDSVector3
    999     axis;
   1000 
   1001   DDSVector4
   1002     grid,
   1003     gridrcp,
   1004     half,
   1005     onethird_onethird2,
   1006     pointsWeights[16],
   1007     two,
   1008     twonineths,
   1009     twothirds_twothirds2,
   1010     xSumwSum;
   1011 
   1012   float
   1013     bestError = 1e+37f;
   1014 
   1015   size_t
   1016     bestIteration = 0,
   1017     besti = 0,
   1018     bestj = 0,
   1019     bestk = 0,
   1020     iterationIndex;
   1021 
   1022   ssize_t
   1023     i;
   1024 
   1025   unsigned char
   1026     *o,
   1027     order[128],
   1028     unordered[16];
   1029 
   1030   VectorInit(half,0.5f);
   1031   VectorInit(two,2.0f);
   1032 
   1033   VectorInit(onethird_onethird2,1.0f/3.0f);
   1034   onethird_onethird2.w = 1.0f/9.0f;
   1035   VectorInit(twothirds_twothirds2,2.0f/3.0f);
   1036   twothirds_twothirds2.w = 4.0f/9.0f;
   1037   VectorInit(twonineths,2.0f/9.0f);
   1038 
   1039   grid.x = 31.0f;
   1040   grid.y = 63.0f;
   1041   grid.z = 31.0f;
   1042   grid.w = 0.0f;
   1043 
   1044   gridrcp.x = 1.0f/31.0f;
   1045   gridrcp.y = 1.0f/63.0f;
   1046   gridrcp.z = 1.0f/31.0f;
   1047   gridrcp.w = 0.0f;
   1048 
   1049   xSumwSum.x = 0.0f;
   1050   xSumwSum.y = 0.0f;
   1051   xSumwSum.z = 0.0f;
   1052   xSumwSum.w = 0.0f;
   1053 
   1054   ConstructOrdering(count,points,principle,pointsWeights,&xSumwSum,order,0);
   1055 
   1056   for (iterationIndex = 0;;)
   1057   {
   1058 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
   1059   #pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic,1) \
   1060     num_threads(GetMagickResourceLimit(ThreadResource))
   1061 #endif
   1062     for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) count; i++)
   1063     {
   1064       DDSVector4
   1065         part0,
   1066         part1,
   1067         part2;
   1068 
   1069       size_t
   1070         ii,
   1071         j,
   1072         k,
   1073         kmin;
   1074 
   1075       VectorInit(part0,0.0f);
   1076       for(ii=0; ii < (size_t) i; ii++)
   1077         VectorAdd(pointsWeights[ii],part0,&part0);
   1078 
   1079       VectorInit(part1,0.0f);
   1080       for (j=(size_t) i;;)
   1081       {
   1082         if (j == 0)
   1083           {
   1084             VectorCopy44(pointsWeights[0],&part2);
   1085             kmin = 1;
   1086           }
   1087           else
   1088           {
   1089             VectorInit(part2,0.0f);
   1090             kmin = j;
   1091           }
   1092 
   1093         for (k=kmin;;)
   1094         {
   1095           DDSVector4
   1096             a,
   1097             alpha2_sum,
   1098             alphax_sum,
   1099             alphabeta_sum,
   1100             b,
   1101             beta2_sum,
   1102             betax_sum,
   1103             e1,
   1104             e2,
   1105             factor,
   1106             part3;
   1107 
   1108           float
   1109             error;
   1110 
   1111           VectorSubtract(xSumwSum,part2,&part3);
   1112           VectorSubtract(part3,part1,&part3);
   1113           VectorSubtract(part3,part0,&part3);
   1114 
   1115           VectorMultiplyAdd(part1,twothirds_twothirds2,part0,&alphax_sum);
   1116           VectorMultiplyAdd(part2,onethird_onethird2,alphax_sum,&alphax_sum);
   1117           VectorInit(alpha2_sum,alphax_sum.w);
   1118 
   1119           VectorMultiplyAdd(part2,twothirds_twothirds2,part3,&betax_sum);
   1120           VectorMultiplyAdd(part1,onethird_onethird2,betax_sum,&betax_sum);
   1121           VectorInit(beta2_sum,betax_sum.w);
   1122 
   1123           VectorAdd(part1,part2,&alphabeta_sum);
   1124           VectorInit(alphabeta_sum,alphabeta_sum.w);
   1125           VectorMultiply(twonineths,alphabeta_sum,&alphabeta_sum);
   1126 
   1127           VectorMultiply(alpha2_sum,beta2_sum,&factor);
   1128           VectorNegativeMultiplySubtract(alphabeta_sum,alphabeta_sum,factor,
   1129             &factor);
   1130           VectorReciprocal(factor,&factor);
   1131 
   1132           VectorMultiply(alphax_sum,beta2_sum,&a);
   1133           VectorNegativeMultiplySubtract(betax_sum,alphabeta_sum,a,&a);
   1134           VectorMultiply(a,factor,&a);
   1135 
   1136           VectorMultiply(betax_sum,alpha2_sum,&b);
   1137           VectorNegativeMultiplySubtract(alphax_sum,alphabeta_sum,b,&b);
   1138           VectorMultiply(b,factor,&b);
   1139 
   1140           VectorClamp(&a);
   1141           VectorMultiplyAdd(grid,a,half,&a);
   1142           VectorTruncate(&a);
   1143           VectorMultiply(a,gridrcp,&a);
   1144 
   1145           VectorClamp(&b);
   1146           VectorMultiplyAdd(grid,b,half,&b);
   1147           VectorTruncate(&b);
   1148           VectorMultiply(b,gridrcp,&b);
   1149 
   1150           VectorMultiply(b,b,&e1);
   1151           VectorMultiply(e1,beta2_sum,&e1);
   1152           VectorMultiply(a,a,&e2);
   1153           VectorMultiplyAdd(e2,alpha2_sum,e1,&e1);
   1154 
   1155           VectorMultiply(a,b,&e2);
   1156           VectorMultiply(e2,alphabeta_sum,&e2);
   1157           VectorNegativeMultiplySubtract(a,alphax_sum,e2,&e2);
   1158           VectorNegativeMultiplySubtract(b,betax_sum,e2,&e2);
   1159           VectorMultiplyAdd(two,e2,e1,&e2);
   1160           VectorMultiply(e2,metric,&e2);
   1161 
   1162           error = e2.x + e2.y + e2.z;
   1163 
   1164           if (error < bestError)
   1165             {
   1166 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
   1167               #pragma omp critical (DDS_CompressClusterFit)
   1168 #endif
   1169               {
   1170                 if (error < bestError)
   1171                   {
   1172                     VectorCopy43(a,start);
   1173                     VectorCopy43(b,end);
   1174                     bestError = error;
   1175                     besti = i;
   1176                     bestj = j;
   1177                     bestk = k;
   1178                     bestIteration = iterationIndex;
   1179                   }
   1180               }
   1181             }
   1182 
   1183           if (k == count)
   1184             break;
   1185 
   1186           VectorAdd(pointsWeights[k],part2,&part2);
   1187           k++;
   1188         }
   1189 
   1190         if (j == count)
   1191           break;
   1192 
   1193         VectorAdd(pointsWeights[j],part1,&part1);
   1194         j++;
   1195       }
   1196     }
   1197 
   1198     if (bestIteration != iterationIndex)
   1199       break;
   1200 
   1201     iterationIndex++;
   1202     if (iterationIndex == 8)
   1203       break;
   1204 
   1205     VectorSubtract3(*end,*start,&axis);
   1206     if (ConstructOrdering(count,points,axis,pointsWeights,&xSumwSum,order,
   1207       iterationIndex) == MagickFalse)
   1208       break;
   1209   }
   1210 
   1211   o = order + (16*bestIteration);
   1212 
   1213   for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) besti; i++)
   1214     unordered[o[i]] = 0;
   1215   for (i=besti; i < (ssize_t) bestj; i++)
   1216     unordered[o[i]] = 2;
   1217   for (i=bestj; i < (ssize_t) bestk; i++)
   1218     unordered[o[i]] = 3;
   1219   for (i=bestk; i < (ssize_t) count; i++)
   1220     unordered[o[i]] = 1;
   1221 
   1222   RemapIndices(map,unordered,indices);
   1223 }
   1224 
   1225 static void CompressRangeFit(const size_t count,
   1226   const DDSVector4* points, const ssize_t *map, const DDSVector3 principle,
   1227   const DDSVector4 metric, DDSVector3 *start, DDSVector3 *end,
   1228   unsigned char *indices)
   1229 {
   1230   float
   1231     d,
   1232     bestDist,
   1233     max,
   1234     min,
   1235     val;
   1236 
   1237   DDSVector3
   1238     codes[4],
   1239     grid,
   1240     gridrcp,
   1241     half,
   1242     dist;
   1243 
   1244   register ssize_t
   1245     i;
   1246 
   1247   size_t
   1248     bestj,
   1249     j;
   1250 
   1251   unsigned char
   1252     closest[16];
   1253 
   1254   VectorInit3(half,0.5f);
   1255 
   1256   grid.x = 31.0f;
   1257   grid.y = 63.0f;
   1258   grid.z = 31.0f;
   1259 
   1260   gridrcp.x = 1.0f/31.0f;
   1261   gridrcp.y = 1.0f/63.0f;
   1262   gridrcp.z = 1.0f/31.0f;
   1263 
   1264   if (count > 0)
   1265     {
   1266       VectorCopy43(points[0],start);
   1267       VectorCopy43(points[0],end);
   1268 
   1269       min = max = Dot(points[0],principle);
   1270       for (i=1; i < (ssize_t) count; i++)
   1271       {
   1272         val = Dot(points[i],principle);
   1273         if (val < min)
   1274         {
   1275           VectorCopy43(points[i],start);
   1276           min = val;
   1277         }
   1278         else if (val > max)
   1279         {
   1280           VectorCopy43(points[i],end);
   1281           max = val;
   1282         }
   1283       }
   1284     }
   1285 
   1286   VectorClamp3(start);
   1287   VectorMultiplyAdd3(grid,*start,half,start);
   1288   VectorTruncate3(start);
   1289   VectorMultiply3(*start,gridrcp,start);
   1290 
   1291   VectorClamp3(end);
   1292   VectorMultiplyAdd3(grid,*end,half,end);
   1293   VectorTruncate3(end);
   1294   VectorMultiply3(*end,gridrcp,end);
   1295 
   1296   codes[0] = *start;
   1297   codes[1] = *end;
   1298   codes[2].x = (start->x * (2.0f/3.0f)) + (end->x * (1.0f/3.0f));
   1299   codes[2].y = (start->y * (2.0f/3.0f)) + (end->y * (1.0f/3.0f));
   1300   codes[2].z = (start->z * (2.0f/3.0f)) + (end->z * (1.0f/3.0f));
   1301   codes[3].x = (start->x * (1.0f/3.0f)) + (end->x * (2.0f/3.0f));
   1302   codes[3].y = (start->y * (1.0f/3.0f)) + (end->y * (2.0f/3.0f));
   1303   codes[3].z = (start->z * (1.0f/3.0f)) + (end->z * (2.0f/3.0f));
   1304 
   1305   for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) count; i++)
   1306   {
   1307     bestDist = 1e+37f;
   1308     bestj = 0;
   1309     for (j=0; j < 4; j++)
   1310     {
   1311       dist.x = (points[i].x - codes[j].x) * metric.x;
   1312       dist.y = (points[i].y - codes[j].y) * metric.y;
   1313       dist.z = (points[i].z - codes[j].z) * metric.z;
   1314 
   1315       d = Dot(dist,dist);
   1316       if (d < bestDist)
   1317         {
   1318           bestDist = d;
   1319           bestj = j;
   1320         }
   1321     }
   1322 
   1323     closest[i] = (unsigned char) bestj;
   1324   }
   1325 
   1326   RemapIndices(map, closest, indices);
   1327 }
   1328 
   1329 static void ComputeEndPoints(const DDSSingleColourLookup *lookup[],
   1330   const unsigned char *color, DDSVector3 *start, DDSVector3 *end,
   1331   unsigned char *index)
   1332 {
   1333   register ssize_t
   1334     i;
   1335 
   1336   size_t
   1337     c,
   1338     maxError = SIZE_MAX;
   1339 
   1340   for (i=0; i < 2; i++)
   1341   {
   1342     const DDSSourceBlock*
   1343       sources[3];
   1344 
   1345       size_t
   1346         error = 0;
   1347 
   1348     for (c=0; c < 3; c++)
   1349     {
   1350       sources[c] = &lookup[c][color[c]].sources[i];
   1351       error += ((size_t) sources[c]->error) * ((size_t) sources[c]->error);
   1352     }
   1353 
   1354     if (error > maxError)
   1355       continue;
   1356 
   1357     start->x = (float) sources[0]->start / 31.0f;
   1358     start->y = (float) sources[1]->start / 63.0f;
   1359     start->z = (float) sources[2]->start / 31.0f;
   1360 
   1361     end->x = (float) sources[0]->end / 31.0f;
   1362     end->y = (float) sources[1]->end / 63.0f;
   1363     end->z = (float) sources[2]->end / 31.0f;
   1364 
   1365     *index = (unsigned char) (2*i);
   1366     maxError = error;
   1367   }
   1368 }
   1369 
   1370 static void ComputePrincipleComponent(const float *covariance,
   1371   DDSVector3 *principle)
   1372 {
   1373   DDSVector4
   1374     row0,
   1375     row1,
   1376     row2,
   1377     v;
   1378 
   1379   register ssize_t
   1380     i;
   1381 
   1382   row0.x = covariance[0];
   1383   row0.y = covariance[1];
   1384   row0.z = covariance[2];
   1385   row0.w = 0.0f;
   1386 
   1387   row1.x = covariance[1];
   1388   row1.y = covariance[3];
   1389   row1.z = covariance[4];
   1390   row1.w = 0.0f;
   1391 
   1392   row2.x = covariance[2];
   1393   row2.y = covariance[4];
   1394   row2.z = covariance[5];
   1395   row2.w = 0.0f;
   1396 
   1397   VectorInit(v,1.0f);
   1398 
   1399   for (i=0; i < 8; i++)
   1400   {
   1401     DDSVector4
   1402       w;
   1403 
   1404     float
   1405       a;
   1406 
   1407     w.x = row0.x * v.x;
   1408     w.y = row0.y * v.x;
   1409     w.z = row0.z * v.x;
   1410     w.w = row0.w * v.x;
   1411 
   1412     w.x = (row1.x * v.y) + w.x;
   1413     w.y = (row1.y * v.y) + w.y;
   1414     w.z = (row1.z * v.y) + w.z;
   1415     w.w = (row1.w * v.y) + w.w;
   1416 
   1417     w.x = (row2.x * v.z) + w.x;
   1418     w.y = (row2.y * v.z) + w.y;
   1419     w.z = (row2.z * v.z) + w.z;
   1420     w.w = (row2.w * v.z) + w.w;
   1421 
   1422     a = 1.0f / MagickMax(w.x,MagickMax(w.y,w.z));
   1423 
   1424     v.x = w.x * a;
   1425     v.y = w.y * a;
   1426     v.z = w.z * a;
   1427     v.w = w.w * a;
   1428   }
   1429 
   1430   VectorCopy43(v,principle);
   1431 }
   1432 
   1433 static void ComputeWeightedCovariance(const size_t count,
   1434   const DDSVector4 *points, float *covariance)
   1435 {
   1436   DDSVector3
   1437     centroid;
   1438 
   1439   float
   1440     total;
   1441 
   1442   size_t
   1443     i;
   1444 
   1445   total = 0.0f;
   1446   VectorInit3(centroid,0.0f);
   1447 
   1448   for (i=0; i < count; i++)
   1449   {
   1450     total += points[i].w;
   1451     centroid.x += (points[i].x * points[i].w);
   1452     centroid.y += (points[i].y * points[i].w);
   1453     centroid.z += (points[i].z * points[i].w);
   1454   }
   1455 
   1456   if( total > 1.192092896e-07F)
   1457     {
   1458       centroid.x /= total;
   1459       centroid.y /= total;
   1460       centroid.z /= total;
   1461     }
   1462 
   1463   for (i=0; i < 6; i++)
   1464     covariance[i] = 0.0f;
   1465 
   1466   for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
   1467   {
   1468     DDSVector3
   1469       a,
   1470       b;
   1471 
   1472     a.x = points[i].x - centroid.x;
   1473     a.y = points[i].y - centroid.y;
   1474     a.z = points[i].z - centroid.z;
   1475 
   1476     b.x = points[i].w * a.x;
   1477     b.y = points[i].w * a.y;
   1478     b.z = points[i].w * a.z;
   1479 
   1480     covariance[0] += a.x*b.x;
   1481     covariance[1] += a.x*b.y;
   1482     covariance[2] += a.x*b.z;
   1483     covariance[3] += a.y*b.y;
   1484     covariance[4] += a.y*b.z;
   1485     covariance[5] += a.z*b.z;
   1486   }
   1487 }
   1488 
   1489 static MagickBooleanType ConstructOrdering(const size_t count,
   1490   const DDSVector4 *points, const DDSVector3 axis, DDSVector4 *pointsWeights,
   1491   DDSVector4 *xSumwSum, unsigned char *order, size_t iteration)
   1492 {
   1493   float
   1494      dps[16],
   1495      f;
   1496 
   1497   register ssize_t
   1498     i;
   1499 
   1500   size_t
   1501     j;
   1502 
   1503   unsigned char
   1504     c,
   1505     *o,
   1506     *p;
   1507 
   1508   o = order + (16*iteration);
   1509 
   1510   for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) count; i++)
   1511   {
   1512     dps[i] = Dot(points[i],axis);
   1513     o[i] = (unsigned char)i;
   1514   }
   1515 
   1516   for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) count; i++)
   1517   {
   1518     for (j=i; j > 0 && dps[j] < dps[j - 1]; j--)
   1519     {
   1520       f = dps[j];
   1521       dps[j] = dps[j - 1];
   1522       dps[j - 1] = f;
   1523 
   1524       c = o[j];
   1525       o[j] = o[j - 1];
   1526       o[j - 1] = c;
   1527     }
   1528   }
   1529 
   1530   for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) iteration; i++)
   1531   {
   1532     MagickBooleanType
   1533       same;
   1534 
   1535     p = order + (16*i);
   1536     same = MagickTrue;
   1537 
   1538     for (j=0; j < count; j++)
   1539     {
   1540       if (o[j] != p[j])
   1541         {
   1542           same = MagickFalse;
   1543           break;
   1544         }
   1545     }
   1546 
   1547     if (same != MagickFalse)
   1548       return MagickFalse;
   1549   }
   1550 
   1551   xSumwSum->x = 0;
   1552   xSumwSum->y = 0;
   1553   xSumwSum->z = 0;
   1554   xSumwSum->w = 0;
   1555 
   1556   for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) count; i++)
   1557   {
   1558     DDSVector4
   1559       v;
   1560 
   1561     j = (size_t) o[i];
   1562 
   1563     v.x = points[j].w * points[j].x;
   1564     v.y = points[j].w * points[j].y;
   1565     v.z = points[j].w * points[j].z;
   1566     v.w = points[j].w * 1.0f;
   1567 
   1568     VectorCopy44(v,&pointsWeights[i]);
   1569     VectorAdd(*xSumwSum,v,xSumwSum);
   1570   }
   1571 
   1572   return MagickTrue;
   1573 }
   1574 
   1575 /*
   1576 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   1577 %                                                                             %
   1578 %                                                                             %
   1579 %                                                                             %
   1580 %   I s D D S                                                                 %
   1581 %                                                                             %
   1582 %                                                                             %
   1583 %                                                                             %
   1584 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   1585 %
   1586 %  IsDDS() returns MagickTrue if the image format type, identified by the
   1587 %  magick string, is DDS.
   1588 %
   1589 %  The format of the IsDDS method is:
   1590 %
   1591 %      MagickBooleanType IsDDS(const unsigned char *magick,const size_t length)
   1592 %
   1593 %  A description of each parameter follows:
   1594 %
   1595 %    o magick: compare image format pattern against these bytes.
   1596 %
   1597 %    o length: Specifies the length of the magick string.
   1598 %
   1599 */
   1600 static MagickBooleanType IsDDS(const unsigned char *magick, const size_t length)
   1601 {
   1602   if (length < 4)
   1603     return(MagickFalse);
   1604   if (LocaleNCompare((char *) magick,"DDS ", 4) == 0)
   1605     return(MagickTrue);
   1606   return(MagickFalse);
   1607 }
   1608 /*
   1609 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   1610 %                                                                             %
   1611 %                                                                             %
   1612 %                                                                             %
   1613 %   R e a d D D S I m a g e                                                   %
   1614 %                                                                             %
   1615 %                                                                             %
   1616 %                                                                             %
   1617 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   1618 %
   1619 %  ReadDDSImage() reads a DirectDraw Surface image file and returns it.  It
   1620 %  allocates the memory necessary for the new Image structure and returns a
   1621 %  pointer to the new image.
   1622 %
   1623 %  The format of the ReadDDSImage method is:
   1624 %
   1625 %      Image *ReadDDSImage(const ImageInfo *image_info,ExceptionInfo *exception)
   1626 %
   1627 %  A description of each parameter follows:
   1628 %
   1629 %    o image_info: The image info.
   1630 %
   1631 %    o exception: return any errors or warnings in this structure.
   1632 %
   1633 */
   1634 
   1635 static Image *ReadDDSImage(const ImageInfo *image_info,ExceptionInfo *exception)
   1636 {
   1637   Image
   1638     *image;
   1639 
   1640   MagickBooleanType
   1641     status,
   1642     cubemap = MagickFalse,
   1643     volume = MagickFalse;
   1644 
   1645   CompressionType
   1646     compression;
   1647 
   1648   DDSInfo
   1649     dds_info;
   1650 
   1651   DDSDecoder
   1652     *decoder;
   1653 
   1654   PixelTrait
   1655     alpha_trait;
   1656 
   1657   size_t
   1658     n,
   1659     num_images;
   1660 
   1661   /*
   1662     Open image file.
   1663   */
   1664   assert(image_info != (const ImageInfo *) NULL);
   1665   assert(image_info->signature == MagickCoreSignature);
   1666   if (image_info->debug != MagickFalse)
   1667     (void) LogMagickEvent(TraceEvent,GetMagickModule(),"%s",
   1668       image_info->filename);
   1669   assert(exception != (ExceptionInfo *) NULL);
   1670   assert(exception->signature == MagickCoreSignature);
   1671   image=AcquireImage(image_info,exception);
   1672   status=OpenBlob(image_info,image,ReadBinaryBlobMode,exception);
   1673   if (status == MagickFalse)
   1674     {
   1675       image=DestroyImageList(image);
   1676       return((Image *) NULL);
   1677     }
   1678 
   1679   /*
   1680     Initialize image structure.
   1681   */
   1682   if (ReadDDSInfo(image, &dds_info) != MagickTrue) {
   1683     ThrowReaderException(CorruptImageError,"ImproperImageHeader");
   1684   }
   1685 
   1686   if (dds_info.ddscaps2 & DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP)
   1687     cubemap = MagickTrue;
   1688 
   1689   if (dds_info.ddscaps2 & DDSCAPS2_VOLUME && dds_info.depth > 0)
   1690     volume = MagickTrue;
   1691 
   1692   (void) SeekBlob(image, 128, SEEK_SET);
   1693 
   1694   /*
   1695     Determine pixel format
   1696   */
   1697   if (dds_info.pixelformat.flags & DDPF_RGB)
   1698     {
   1699       compression = NoCompression;
   1700       if (dds_info.pixelformat.flags & DDPF_ALPHAPIXELS)
   1701         {
   1702           alpha_trait = BlendPixelTrait;
   1703           decoder = ReadUncompressedRGBA;
   1704         }
   1705       else
   1706         {
   1707           alpha_trait = UndefinedPixelTrait;
   1708           decoder = ReadUncompressedRGB;
   1709         }
   1710     }
   1711   else if (dds_info.pixelformat.flags & DDPF_LUMINANCE)
   1712    {
   1713       compression = NoCompression;
   1714       if (dds_info.pixelformat.flags & DDPF_ALPHAPIXELS)
   1715         {
   1716           /* Not sure how to handle this */
   1717           ThrowReaderException(CorruptImageError, "ImageTypeNotSupported");
   1718         }
   1719       else
   1720         {
   1721           alpha_trait = UndefinedPixelTrait;
   1722           decoder = ReadUncompressedRGB;
   1723         }
   1724     }
   1725   else if (dds_info.pixelformat.flags & DDPF_FOURCC)
   1726     {
   1727       switch (dds_info.pixelformat.fourcc)
   1728       {
   1729         case FOURCC_DXT1:
   1730         {
   1731           alpha_trait = UndefinedPixelTrait;
   1732           compression = DXT1Compression;
   1733           decoder = ReadDXT1;
   1734           break;
   1735         }
   1736         case FOURCC_DXT3:
   1737         {
   1738           alpha_trait = BlendPixelTrait;
   1739           compression = DXT3Compression;
   1740           decoder = ReadDXT3;
   1741           break;
   1742         }
   1743         case FOURCC_DXT5:
   1744         {
   1745           alpha_trait = BlendPixelTrait;
   1746           compression = DXT5Compression;
   1747           decoder = ReadDXT5;
   1748           break;
   1749         }
   1750         default:
   1751         {
   1752           /* Unknown FOURCC */
   1753           ThrowReaderException(CorruptImageError, "ImageTypeNotSupported");
   1754         }
   1755       }
   1756     }
   1757   else
   1758     {
   1759       /* Neither compressed nor uncompressed... thus unsupported */
   1760       ThrowReaderException(CorruptImageError, "ImageTypeNotSupported");
   1761     }
   1762 
   1763   num_images = 1;
   1764   if (cubemap)
   1765     {
   1766       /*
   1767         Determine number of faces defined in the cubemap
   1768       */
   1769       num_images = 0;
   1770       if (dds_info.ddscaps2 & DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_POSITIVEX) num_images++;
   1771       if (dds_info.ddscaps2 & DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_NEGATIVEX) num_images++;
   1772       if (dds_info.ddscaps2 & DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_POSITIVEY) num_images++;
   1773       if (dds_info.ddscaps2 & DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_NEGATIVEY) num_images++;
   1774       if (dds_info.ddscaps2 & DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_POSITIVEZ) num_images++;
   1775       if (dds_info.ddscaps2 & DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP_NEGATIVEZ) num_images++;
   1776     }
   1777 
   1778   if (volume)
   1779     num_images = dds_info.depth;
   1780 
   1781   for (n = 0; n < num_images; n++)
   1782   {
   1783     if (n != 0)
   1784       {
   1785         /* Start a new image */
   1786         AcquireNextImage(image_info,image,exception);
   1787         if (GetNextImageInList(image) == (Image *) NULL)
   1788           return(DestroyImageList(image));
   1789         image=SyncNextImageInList(image);
   1790       }
   1791 
   1792     image->alpha_trait=alpha_trait;
   1793     image->compression = compression;
   1794     image->columns = dds_info.width;
   1795     image->rows = dds_info.height;
   1796     image->storage_class = DirectClass;
   1797     image->endian = LSBEndian;
   1798     image->depth = 8;
   1799     if (image_info->ping != MagickFalse)
   1800       {
   1801         (void) CloseBlob(image);
   1802         return(GetFirstImageInList(image));
   1803       }
   1804     status=SetImageExtent(image,image->columns,image->rows,exception);
   1805     if (status == MagickFalse)
   1806       return(DestroyImageList(image));
   1807     if ((decoder)(image, &dds_info, exception) != MagickTrue)
   1808       {
   1809         (void) CloseBlob(image);
   1810         return(GetFirstImageInList(image));
   1811       }
   1812   }
   1813   (void) CloseBlob(image);
   1814   return(GetFirstImageInList(image));
   1815 }
   1816 
   1817 static MagickBooleanType ReadDDSInfo(Image *image, DDSInfo *dds_info)
   1818 {
   1819   size_t
   1820     hdr_size,
   1821     required;
   1822 
   1823   /* Seek to start of header */
   1824   (void) SeekBlob(image, 4, SEEK_SET);
   1825 
   1826   /* Check header field */
   1827   hdr_size = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1828   if (hdr_size != 124)
   1829     return MagickFalse;
   1830 
   1831   /* Fill in DDS info struct */
   1832   dds_info->flags = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1833 
   1834   /* Check required flags */
   1835   required=(size_t) (DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT | DDSD_PIXELFORMAT);
   1836   if ((dds_info->flags & required) != required)
   1837     return MagickFalse;
   1838 
   1839   dds_info->height = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1840   dds_info->width = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1841   dds_info->pitchOrLinearSize = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1842   dds_info->depth = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1843   dds_info->mipmapcount = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1844 
   1845   (void) SeekBlob(image, 44, SEEK_CUR);   /* reserved region of 11 DWORDs */
   1846 
   1847   /* Read pixel format structure */
   1848   hdr_size = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1849   if (hdr_size != 32)
   1850     return MagickFalse;
   1851 
   1852   dds_info->pixelformat.flags = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1853   dds_info->pixelformat.fourcc = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1854   dds_info->pixelformat.rgb_bitcount = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1855   dds_info->pixelformat.r_bitmask = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1856   dds_info->pixelformat.g_bitmask = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1857   dds_info->pixelformat.b_bitmask = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1858   dds_info->pixelformat.alpha_bitmask = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1859 
   1860   dds_info->ddscaps1 = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1861   dds_info->ddscaps2 = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1862   (void) SeekBlob(image, 12, SEEK_CUR); /* 3 reserved DWORDs */
   1863 
   1864   return MagickTrue;
   1865 }
   1866 
   1867 static MagickBooleanType ReadDXT1(Image *image, DDSInfo *dds_info,
   1868   ExceptionInfo *exception)
   1869 {
   1870   DDSColors
   1871     colors;
   1872 
   1873   register Quantum
   1874     *q;
   1875 
   1876   register ssize_t
   1877     i,
   1878     x;
   1879 
   1880   size_t
   1881     bits;
   1882 
   1883   ssize_t
   1884     j,
   1885     y;
   1886 
   1887   unsigned char
   1888     code;
   1889 
   1890   unsigned short
   1891     c0,
   1892     c1;
   1893 
   1894   for (y = 0; y < (ssize_t) dds_info->height; y += 4)
   1895   {
   1896     for (x = 0; x < (ssize_t) dds_info->width; x += 4)
   1897     {
   1898       /* Get 4x4 patch of pixels to write on */
   1899       q = QueueAuthenticPixels(image, x, y, MagickMin(4, dds_info->width - x),
   1900         MagickMin(4, dds_info->height - y),exception);
   1901 
   1902       if (q == (Quantum *) NULL)
   1903         return MagickFalse;
   1904 
   1905       /* Read 8 bytes of data from the image */
   1906       c0 = ReadBlobLSBShort(image);
   1907       c1 = ReadBlobLSBShort(image);
   1908       bits = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1909 
   1910       CalculateColors(c0, c1, &colors, MagickFalse);
   1911 
   1912       /* Write the pixels */
   1913       for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
   1914       {
   1915         for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
   1916         {
   1917           if ((x + i) < (ssize_t) dds_info->width &&
   1918               (y + j) < (ssize_t) dds_info->height)
   1919             {
   1920               code = (unsigned char) ((bits >> ((j*4+i)*2)) & 0x3);
   1921               SetPixelRed(image,ScaleCharToQuantum(colors.r[code]),q);
   1922               SetPixelGreen(image,ScaleCharToQuantum(colors.g[code]),q);
   1923               SetPixelBlue(image,ScaleCharToQuantum(colors.b[code]),q);
   1924               SetPixelAlpha(image,ScaleCharToQuantum(colors.a[code]),q);
   1925               if (colors.a[code] && (image->alpha_trait == UndefinedPixelTrait))
   1926                 image->alpha_trait=BlendPixelTrait;  /* Correct matte */
   1927               q+=GetPixelChannels(image);
   1928             }
   1929         }
   1930       }
   1931 
   1932       if (SyncAuthenticPixels(image,exception) == MagickFalse)
   1933         return MagickFalse;
   1934     }
   1935   }
   1936 
   1937   return(SkipDXTMipmaps(image,dds_info,8,exception));
   1938 }
   1939 
   1940 static MagickBooleanType ReadDXT3(Image *image, DDSInfo *dds_info,
   1941   ExceptionInfo *exception)
   1942 {
   1943   DDSColors
   1944     colors;
   1945 
   1946   register Quantum
   1947     *q;
   1948 
   1949   register ssize_t
   1950     i,
   1951     x;
   1952 
   1953   unsigned char
   1954     alpha;
   1955 
   1956   size_t
   1957     a0,
   1958     a1,
   1959     bits,
   1960     code;
   1961 
   1962   ssize_t
   1963     j,
   1964     y;
   1965 
   1966   unsigned short
   1967     c0,
   1968     c1;
   1969 
   1970   for (y = 0; y < (ssize_t) dds_info->height; y += 4)
   1971   {
   1972     for (x = 0; x < (ssize_t) dds_info->width; x += 4)
   1973     {
   1974       /* Get 4x4 patch of pixels to write on */
   1975       q = QueueAuthenticPixels(image, x, y, MagickMin(4, dds_info->width - x),
   1976                          MagickMin(4, dds_info->height - y),exception);
   1977 
   1978       if (q == (Quantum *) NULL)
   1979         return MagickFalse;
   1980 
   1981       /* Read alpha values (8 bytes) */
   1982       a0 = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1983       a1 = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1984 
   1985       /* Read 8 bytes of data from the image */
   1986       c0 = ReadBlobLSBShort(image);
   1987       c1 = ReadBlobLSBShort(image);
   1988       bits = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   1989 
   1990       CalculateColors(c0, c1, &colors, MagickTrue);
   1991 
   1992       /* Write the pixels */
   1993       for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
   1994       {
   1995         for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
   1996         {
   1997           if ((x + i) < (ssize_t) dds_info->width && (y + j) < (ssize_t) dds_info->height)
   1998             {
   1999               code = (bits >> ((4*j+i)*2)) & 0x3;
   2000               SetPixelRed(image,ScaleCharToQuantum(colors.r[code]),q);
   2001               SetPixelGreen(image,ScaleCharToQuantum(colors.g[code]),q);
   2002               SetPixelBlue(image,ScaleCharToQuantum(colors.b[code]),q);
   2003               /*
   2004                 Extract alpha value: multiply 0..15 by 17 to get range 0..255
   2005               */
   2006               if (j < 2)
   2007                 alpha = 17U * (unsigned char) ((a0 >> (4*(4*j+i))) & 0xf);
   2008               else
   2009                 alpha = 17U * (unsigned char) ((a1 >> (4*(4*(j-2)+i))) & 0xf);
   2010               SetPixelAlpha(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char) alpha),q);
   2011               q+=GetPixelChannels(image);
   2012             }
   2013         }
   2014       }
   2015 
   2016       if (SyncAuthenticPixels(image,exception) == MagickFalse)
   2017         return MagickFalse;
   2018     }
   2019   }
   2020 
   2021   return(SkipDXTMipmaps(image,dds_info,16,exception));
   2022 }
   2023 
   2024 static MagickBooleanType ReadDXT5(Image *image, DDSInfo *dds_info,
   2025   ExceptionInfo *exception)
   2026 {
   2027   DDSColors
   2028     colors;
   2029 
   2030   MagickSizeType
   2031     alpha_bits;
   2032 
   2033   register Quantum
   2034     *q;
   2035 
   2036   register ssize_t
   2037     i,
   2038     x;
   2039 
   2040   unsigned char
   2041     a0,
   2042     a1;
   2043 
   2044   size_t
   2045     alpha,
   2046     bits,
   2047     code,
   2048     alpha_code;
   2049 
   2050   ssize_t
   2051     j,
   2052     y;
   2053 
   2054   unsigned short
   2055     c0,
   2056     c1;
   2057 
   2058   for (y = 0; y < (ssize_t) dds_info->height; y += 4)
   2059   {
   2060     for (x = 0; x < (ssize_t) dds_info->width; x += 4)
   2061     {
   2062       /* Get 4x4 patch of pixels to write on */
   2063       q = QueueAuthenticPixels(image, x, y, MagickMin(4, dds_info->width - x),
   2064                          MagickMin(4, dds_info->height - y),exception);
   2065 
   2066       if (q == (Quantum *) NULL)
   2067         return MagickFalse;
   2068 
   2069       /* Read alpha values (8 bytes) */
   2070       a0 = (unsigned char) ReadBlobByte(image);
   2071       a1 = (unsigned char) ReadBlobByte(image);
   2072 
   2073       alpha_bits = (MagickSizeType)ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   2074       alpha_bits = alpha_bits | ((MagickSizeType)ReadBlobLSBShort(image) << 32);
   2075 
   2076       /* Read 8 bytes of data from the image */
   2077       c0 = ReadBlobLSBShort(image);
   2078       c1 = ReadBlobLSBShort(image);
   2079       bits = ReadBlobLSBLong(image);
   2080 
   2081       CalculateColors(c0, c1, &colors, MagickTrue);
   2082 
   2083       /* Write the pixels */
   2084       for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
   2085       {
   2086         for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
   2087         {
   2088           if ((x + i) < (ssize_t) dds_info->width &&
   2089               (y + j) < (ssize_t) dds_info->height)
   2090             {
   2091               code = (bits >> ((4*j+i)*2)) & 0x3;
   2092               SetPixelRed(image,ScaleCharToQuantum(colors.r[code]),q);
   2093               SetPixelGreen(image,ScaleCharToQuantum(colors.g[code]),q);
   2094               SetPixelBlue(image,ScaleCharToQuantum(colors.b[code]),q);
   2095               /* Extract alpha value */
   2096               alpha_code = (size_t) (alpha_bits >> (3*(4*j+i))) & 0x7;
   2097               if (alpha_code == 0)
   2098                 alpha = a0;
   2099               else if (alpha_code == 1)
   2100                 alpha = a1;
   2101               else if (a0 > a1)
   2102                 alpha = ((8-alpha_code) * a0 + (alpha_code-1) * a1) / 7;
   2103               else if (alpha_code == 6)
   2104                 alpha = 0;
   2105               else if (alpha_code == 7)
   2106                 alpha = 255;
   2107               else
   2108                 alpha = (((6-alpha_code) * a0 + (alpha_code-1) * a1) / 5);
   2109               SetPixelAlpha(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char) alpha),q);
   2110               q+=GetPixelChannels(image);
   2111             }
   2112         }
   2113       }
   2114 
   2115       if (SyncAuthenticPixels(image,exception) == MagickFalse)
   2116         return MagickFalse;
   2117     }
   2118   }
   2119 
   2120   return(SkipDXTMipmaps(image,dds_info,16,exception));
   2121 }
   2122 
   2123 static MagickBooleanType ReadUncompressedRGB(Image *image, DDSInfo *dds_info,
   2124   ExceptionInfo *exception)
   2125 {
   2126   register Quantum
   2127     *q;
   2128 
   2129   ssize_t
   2130     x, y;
   2131 
   2132   unsigned short
   2133     color;
   2134 
   2135   if (dds_info->pixelformat.rgb_bitcount == 8)
   2136     (void) SetImageType(image,GrayscaleType,exception);
   2137   else if (dds_info->pixelformat.rgb_bitcount == 16 && !IsBitMask(
   2138     dds_info->pixelformat,0xf800,0x07e0,0x001f,0x0000))
   2139     ThrowBinaryException(CorruptImageError,"ImageTypeNotSupported",
   2140       image->filename);
   2141 
   2142   for (y = 0; y < (ssize_t) dds_info->height; y++)
   2143   {
   2144     q = QueueAuthenticPixels(image, 0, y, dds_info->width, 1,exception);
   2145 
   2146     if (q == (Quantum *) NULL)
   2147       return MagickFalse;
   2148 
   2149     for (x = 0; x < (ssize_t) dds_info->width; x++)
   2150     {
   2151       if (dds_info->pixelformat.rgb_bitcount == 8)
   2152         SetPixelGray(image,ScaleCharToQuantum(ReadBlobByte(image)),q);
   2153       else if (dds_info->pixelformat.rgb_bitcount == 16)
   2154         {
   2155            color=ReadBlobShort(image);
   2156            SetPixelRed(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char)
   2157              (((color >> 11)/31.0)*255)),q);
   2158            SetPixelGreen(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char)
   2159              ((((unsigned short)(color << 5) >> 10)/63.0)*255)),q);
   2160            SetPixelBlue(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char)
   2161              ((((unsigned short)(color << 11) >> 11)/31.0)*255)),q);
   2162         }
   2163       else
   2164         {
   2165           SetPixelBlue(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char)
   2166             ReadBlobByte(image)),q);
   2167           SetPixelGreen(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char)
   2168             ReadBlobByte(image)),q);
   2169           SetPixelRed(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char)
   2170             ReadBlobByte(image)),q);
   2171           if (dds_info->pixelformat.rgb_bitcount == 32)
   2172             (void) ReadBlobByte(image);
   2173         }
   2174       q+=GetPixelChannels(image);
   2175     }
   2176 
   2177     if (SyncAuthenticPixels(image,exception) == MagickFalse)
   2178       return MagickFalse;
   2179   }
   2180 
   2181   return(SkipRGBMipmaps(image,dds_info,3,exception));
   2182 }
   2183 
   2184 static MagickBooleanType ReadUncompressedRGBA(Image *image, DDSInfo *dds_info,
   2185   ExceptionInfo *exception)
   2186 {
   2187   register Quantum
   2188     *q;
   2189 
   2190   ssize_t
   2191     alphaBits,
   2192     x,
   2193     y;
   2194 
   2195   unsigned short
   2196     color;
   2197 
   2198   alphaBits=0;
   2199   if (dds_info->pixelformat.rgb_bitcount == 16)
   2200     {
   2201       if (IsBitMask(dds_info->pixelformat,0x7c00,0x03e0,0x001f,0x8000))
   2202         alphaBits=1;
   2203       else if (IsBitMask(dds_info->pixelformat,0x00ff,0x00ff,0x00ff,0xff00))
   2204         {
   2205           alphaBits=2;
   2206           (void) SetImageType(image,GrayscaleAlphaType,exception);
   2207         }
   2208       else if (IsBitMask(dds_info->pixelformat,0x0f00,0x00f0,0x000f,0xf000))
   2209         alphaBits=4;
   2210       else
   2211         ThrowBinaryException(CorruptImageError,"ImageTypeNotSupported",
   2212           image->filename);
   2213     }
   2214 
   2215   for (y = 0; y < (ssize_t) dds_info->height; y++)
   2216   {
   2217     q = QueueAuthenticPixels(image, 0, y, dds_info->width, 1,exception);
   2218 
   2219     if (q == (Quantum *) NULL)
   2220       return MagickFalse;
   2221 
   2222     for (x = 0; x < (ssize_t) dds_info->width; x++)
   2223     {
   2224       if (dds_info->pixelformat.rgb_bitcount == 16)
   2225         {
   2226            color=ReadBlobShort(image);
   2227            if (alphaBits == 1)
   2228              {
   2229                SetPixelAlpha(image,(color & (1 << 15)) ? QuantumRange : 0,q);
   2230                SetPixelRed(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char)
   2231                  ((((unsigned short)(color << 1) >> 11)/31.0)*255)),q);
   2232                SetPixelGreen(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char)
   2233                  ((((unsigned short)(color << 6) >> 11)/31.0)*255)),q);
   2234                SetPixelBlue(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char)
   2235                  ((((unsigned short)(color << 11) >> 11)/31.0)*255)),q);
   2236              }
   2237           else if (alphaBits == 2)
   2238             {
   2239                SetPixelAlpha(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char)
   2240                  (color >> 8)),q);
   2241                SetPixelGray(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char)color),q);
   2242             }
   2243           else
   2244             {
   2245                SetPixelAlpha(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char)
   2246                  (((color >> 12)/15.0)*255)),q);
   2247                SetPixelRed(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char)
   2248                  ((((unsigned short)(color << 4) >> 12)/15.0)*255)),q);
   2249                SetPixelGreen(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char)
   2250                  ((((unsigned short)(color << 8) >> 12)/15.0)*255)),q);
   2251                SetPixelBlue(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char)
   2252                  ((((unsigned short)(color << 12) >> 12)/15.0)*255)),q);
   2253             }
   2254         }
   2255       else
   2256         {
   2257           SetPixelBlue(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char)
   2258             ReadBlobByte(image)),q);
   2259           SetPixelGreen(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char)
   2260             ReadBlobByte(image)),q);
   2261           SetPixelRed(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char)
   2262             ReadBlobByte(image)),q);
   2263           SetPixelAlpha(image,ScaleCharToQuantum((unsigned char)
   2264             ReadBlobByte(image)),q);
   2265         }
   2266       q+=GetPixelChannels(image);
   2267     }
   2268 
   2269     if (SyncAuthenticPixels(image,exception) == MagickFalse)
   2270       return MagickFalse;
   2271   }
   2272 
   2273   return(SkipRGBMipmaps(image,dds_info,4,exception));
   2274 }
   2275 
   2276 /*
   2278 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   2279 %                                                                             %
   2280 %                                                                             %
   2281 %                                                                             %
   2282 %   R e g i s t e r D D S I m a g e                                           %
   2283 %                                                                             %
   2284 %                                                                             %
   2285 %                                                                             %
   2286 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   2287 %
   2288 %  RegisterDDSImage() adds attributes for the DDS image format to
   2289 %  the list of supported formats.  The attributes include the image format
   2290 %  tag, a method to read and/or write the format, whether the format
   2291 %  supports the saving of more than one frame to the same file or blob,
   2292 %  whether the format supports native in-memory I/O, and a brief
   2293 %  description of the format.
   2294 %
   2295 %  The format of the RegisterDDSImage method is:
   2296 %
   2297 %      RegisterDDSImage(void)
   2298 %
   2299 */
   2300 ModuleExport size_t RegisterDDSImage(void)
   2301 {
   2302   MagickInfo
   2303     *entry;
   2304 
   2305   entry = AcquireMagickInfo("DDS","DDS","Microsoft DirectDraw Surface");
   2306   entry->decoder = (DecodeImageHandler *) ReadDDSImage;
   2307   entry->encoder = (EncodeImageHandler *) WriteDDSImage;
   2308   entry->magick = (IsImageFormatHandler *) IsDDS;
   2309   entry->flags|=CoderSeekableStreamFlag;
   2310   (void) RegisterMagickInfo(entry);
   2311   entry = AcquireMagickInfo("DDS","DXT1","Microsoft DirectDraw Surface");
   2312   entry->decoder = (DecodeImageHandler *) ReadDDSImage;
   2313   entry->encoder = (EncodeImageHandler *) WriteDDSImage;
   2314   entry->magick = (IsImageFormatHandler *) IsDDS;
   2315   entry->flags|=CoderSeekableStreamFlag;
   2316   (void) RegisterMagickInfo(entry);
   2317   entry = AcquireMagickInfo("DDS","DXT5","Microsoft DirectDraw Surface");
   2318   entry->decoder = (DecodeImageHandler *) ReadDDSImage;
   2319   entry->encoder = (EncodeImageHandler *) WriteDDSImage;
   2320   entry->magick = (IsImageFormatHandler *) IsDDS;
   2321   entry->flags|=CoderSeekableStreamFlag;
   2322   (void) RegisterMagickInfo(entry);
   2323   return(MagickImageCoderSignature);
   2324 }
   2325 
   2326 static void RemapIndices(const ssize_t *map, const unsigned char *source,
   2327   unsigned char *target)
   2328 {
   2329   register ssize_t
   2330     i;
   2331 
   2332   for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
   2333   {
   2334     if (map[i] == -1)
   2335       target[i] = 3;
   2336     else
   2337       target[i] = source[map[i]];
   2338   }
   2339 }
   2340 
   2341 /*
   2342   Skip the mipmap images for compressed (DXTn) dds files
   2343 */
   2344 static MagickBooleanType SkipDXTMipmaps(Image *image,DDSInfo *dds_info,
   2345   int texel_size,ExceptionInfo *exception)
   2346 {
   2347   MagickOffsetType
   2348     offset;
   2349 
   2350   register ssize_t
   2351     i;
   2352 
   2353   size_t
   2354     h,
   2355     w;
   2356 
   2357   /*
   2358     Only skip mipmaps for textures and cube maps
   2359   */
   2360   if (EOFBlob(image) != MagickFalse)
   2361     {
   2362       ThrowFileException(exception,CorruptImageWarning,"UnexpectedEndOfFile",
   2363         image->filename);
   2364       return(MagickFalse);
   2365     }
   2366   if (dds_info->ddscaps1 & DDSCAPS_MIPMAP
   2367       && (dds_info->ddscaps1 & DDSCAPS_TEXTURE
   2368           || dds_info->ddscaps2 & DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP))
   2369     {
   2370       w = DIV2(dds_info->width);
   2371       h = DIV2(dds_info->height);
   2372 
   2373       /*
   2374         Mipmapcount includes the main image, so start from one
   2375       */
   2376       for (i = 1; (i < (ssize_t) dds_info->mipmapcount) && w && h; i++)
   2377       {
   2378         offset = (MagickOffsetType) ((w + 3) / 4) * ((h + 3) / 4) * texel_size;
   2379         if (SeekBlob(image, offset, SEEK_CUR) < 0)
   2380           break;
   2381         w = DIV2(w);
   2382         h = DIV2(h);
   2383       }
   2384     }
   2385   return(MagickTrue);
   2386 }
   2387 
   2388 /*
   2389   Skip the mipmap images for uncompressed (RGB or RGBA) dds files
   2390 */
   2391 static MagickBooleanType SkipRGBMipmaps(Image *image,DDSInfo *dds_info,
   2392   int pixel_size,ExceptionInfo *exception)
   2393 {
   2394   MagickOffsetType
   2395     offset;
   2396 
   2397   register ssize_t
   2398     i;
   2399 
   2400   size_t
   2401     h,
   2402     w;
   2403 
   2404   /*
   2405     Only skip mipmaps for textures and cube maps
   2406   */
   2407   if (EOFBlob(image) != MagickFalse)
   2408     {
   2409       ThrowFileException(exception,CorruptImageError,"UnexpectedEndOfFile",
   2410         image->filename);
   2411       return(MagickFalse);
   2412     }
   2413   if (dds_info->ddscaps1 & DDSCAPS_MIPMAP
   2414       && (dds_info->ddscaps1 & DDSCAPS_TEXTURE
   2415           || dds_info->ddscaps2 & DDSCAPS2_CUBEMAP))
   2416     {
   2417       w = DIV2(dds_info->width);
   2418       h = DIV2(dds_info->height);
   2419 
   2420       /*
   2421         Mipmapcount includes the main image, so start from one
   2422       */
   2423       for (i=1; (i < (ssize_t) dds_info->mipmapcount) && w && h; i++)
   2424       {
   2425         offset = (MagickOffsetType) w * h * pixel_size;
   2426         if (SeekBlob(image, offset, SEEK_CUR) < 0)
   2427           break;
   2428         w = DIV2(w);
   2429         h = DIV2(h);
   2430       }
   2431     }
   2432   return(MagickTrue);
   2433 }
   2434 
   2435 /*
   2437 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   2438 %                                                                             %
   2439 %                                                                             %
   2440 %                                                                             %
   2441 %   U n r e g i s t e r D D S I m a g e                                       %
   2442 %                                                                             %
   2443 %                                                                             %
   2444 %                                                                             %
   2445 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   2446 %
   2447 %  UnregisterDDSImage() removes format registrations made by the
   2448 %  DDS module from the list of supported formats.
   2449 %
   2450 %  The format of the UnregisterDDSImage method is:
   2451 %
   2452 %      UnregisterDDSImage(void)
   2453 %
   2454 */
   2455 ModuleExport void UnregisterDDSImage(void)
   2456 {
   2457   (void) UnregisterMagickInfo("DDS");
   2458   (void) UnregisterMagickInfo("DXT1");
   2459   (void) UnregisterMagickInfo("DXT5");
   2460 }
   2461 
   2462 static void WriteAlphas(Image *image, const ssize_t *alphas, size_t min5,
   2463   size_t max5, size_t min7, size_t max7)
   2464 {
   2465   register ssize_t
   2466     i;
   2467 
   2468   size_t
   2469     err5,
   2470     err7,
   2471     j;
   2472 
   2473   unsigned char
   2474     indices5[16],
   2475     indices7[16];
   2476 
   2477   FixRange(min5,max5,5);
   2478   err5 = CompressAlpha(min5,max5,5,alphas,indices5);
   2479 
   2480   FixRange(min7,max7,7);
   2481   err7 = CompressAlpha(min7,max7,7,alphas,indices7);
   2482 
   2483   if (err7 < err5)
   2484   {
   2485     for (i=0; i < 16; i++)
   2486     {
   2487       unsigned char
   2488         index;
   2489 
   2490       index = indices7[i];
   2491       if( index == 0 )
   2492         indices5[i] = 1;
   2493       else if (index == 1)
   2494         indices5[i] = 0;
   2495       else
   2496         indices5[i] = 9 - index;
   2497     }
   2498 
   2499     min5 = max7;
   2500     max5 = min7;
   2501   }
   2502 
   2503   (void) WriteBlobByte(image,(unsigned char) min5);
   2504   (void) WriteBlobByte(image,(unsigned char) max5);
   2505 
   2506   for(i=0; i < 2; i++)
   2507   {
   2508     size_t
   2509       value = 0;
   2510 
   2511     for (j=0; j < 8; j++)
   2512     {
   2513       size_t index = (size_t) indices5[j + i*8];
   2514       value |= ( index << 3*j );
   2515     }
   2516 
   2517     for (j=0; j < 3; j++)
   2518     {
   2519       size_t byte = (value >> 8*j) & 0xff;
   2520       (void) WriteBlobByte(image,(unsigned char) byte);
   2521     }
   2522   }
   2523 }
   2524 
   2525 static void WriteCompressed(Image *image, const size_t count,
   2526   DDSVector4 *points, const ssize_t *map, const MagickBooleanType clusterFit)
   2527 {
   2528   float
   2529     covariance[16];
   2530 
   2531   DDSVector3
   2532     end,
   2533     principle,
   2534     start;
   2535 
   2536   DDSVector4
   2537     metric;
   2538 
   2539   unsigned char
   2540     indices[16];
   2541 
   2542   VectorInit(metric,1.0f);
   2543   VectorInit3(start,0.0f);
   2544   VectorInit3(end,0.0f);
   2545 
   2546   ComputeWeightedCovariance(count,points,covariance);
   2547   ComputePrincipleComponent(covariance,&principle);
   2548 
   2549   if ((clusterFit == MagickFalse) || (count == 0))
   2550     CompressRangeFit(count,points,map,principle,metric,&start,&end,indices);
   2551   else
   2552     CompressClusterFit(count,points,map,principle,metric,&start,&end,indices);
   2553 
   2554   WriteIndices(image,start,end,indices);
   2555 }
   2556 
   2557 /*
   2558 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   2559 %                                                                             %
   2560 %                                                                             %
   2561 %                                                                             %
   2562 %   W r i t e D D S I m a g e                                                 %
   2563 %                                                                             %
   2564 %                                                                             %
   2565 %                                                                             %
   2566 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
   2567 %
   2568 %  WriteDDSImage() writes a DirectDraw Surface image file in the DXT5 format.
   2569 %
   2570 %  The format of the WriteBMPImage method is:
   2571 %
   2572 %     MagickBooleanType WriteDDSImage(const ImageInfo *image_info,Image *image)
   2573 %
   2574 %  A description of each parameter follows.
   2575 %
   2576 %    o image_info: the image info.
   2577 %
   2578 %    o image:  The image.
   2579 %
   2580 */
   2581 static MagickBooleanType WriteDDSImage(const ImageInfo *image_info,
   2582   Image *image, ExceptionInfo *exception)
   2583 {
   2584   const char
   2585     *option;
   2586 
   2587   size_t
   2588     compression,
   2589     columns,
   2590     maxMipmaps,
   2591     mipmaps,
   2592     pixelFormat,
   2593     rows;
   2594 
   2595   MagickBooleanType
   2596     clusterFit,
   2597     status,
   2598     weightByAlpha;
   2599 
   2600   assert(image_info != (const ImageInfo *) NULL);
   2601   assert(image_info->signature == MagickCoreSignature);
   2602   assert(image != (Image *) NULL);
   2603   assert(image->signature == MagickCoreSignature);
   2604   if (image->debug != MagickFalse)
   2605     (void) LogMagickEvent(TraceEvent,GetMagickModule(),"%s",image->filename);
   2606   status=OpenBlob(image_info,image,WriteBinaryBlobMode,exception);
   2607   if (status == MagickFalse)
   2608     return(status);
   2609   (void) TransformImageColorspace(image,sRGBColorspace,exception);
   2610   pixelFormat=DDPF_FOURCC;
   2611   compression=FOURCC_DXT5;
   2612 
   2613   if (image->alpha_trait == UndefinedPixelTrait)
   2614     compression=FOURCC_DXT1;
   2615 
   2616   if (LocaleCompare(image_info->magick,"dxt1") == 0)
   2617     compression=FOURCC_DXT1;
   2618 
   2619   option=GetImageOption(image_info,"dds:compression");
   2620   if (option != (char *) NULL)
   2621     {
   2622        if (LocaleCompare(option,"dxt1") == 0)
   2623          compression=FOURCC_DXT1;
   2624        if (LocaleCompare(option,"none") == 0)
   2625          pixelFormat=DDPF_RGB;
   2626     }
   2627 
   2628   clusterFit=MagickFalse;
   2629   weightByAlpha=MagickFalse;
   2630 
   2631   if (pixelFormat == DDPF_FOURCC)
   2632     {
   2633       option=GetImageOption(image_info,"dds:cluster-fit");
   2634       if (IsStringTrue(option) != MagickFalse)
   2635         {
   2636           clusterFit=MagickTrue;
   2637           if (compression != FOURCC_DXT1)
   2638             {
   2639               option=GetImageOption(image_info,"dds:weight-by-alpha");
   2640               if (IsStringTrue(option) != MagickFalse)
   2641                 weightByAlpha=MagickTrue;
   2642             }
   2643         }
   2644     }
   2645 
   2646   maxMipmaps=SIZE_MAX;
   2647   mipmaps=0;
   2648   if ((image->columns & (image->columns - 1)) == 0 &&
   2649       (image->rows & (image->rows - 1)) == 0)
   2650     {
   2651       option=GetImageOption(image_info,"dds:mipmaps");
   2652       if (option != (char *) NULL)
   2653         maxMipmaps=StringToUnsignedLong(option);
   2654 
   2655       if (maxMipmaps != 0)
   2656         {
   2657           columns=image->columns;
   2658           rows=image->rows;
   2659           while (columns != 1 && rows != 1 && mipmaps != maxMipmaps)
   2660           {
   2661             columns=DIV2(columns);
   2662             rows=DIV2(rows);
   2663             mipmaps++;
   2664           }
   2665         }
   2666     }
   2667 
   2668   WriteDDSInfo(image,pixelFormat,compression,mipmaps);
   2669 
   2670   WriteImageData(image,pixelFormat,compression,clusterFit,weightByAlpha,
   2671     exception);
   2672 
   2673   if (mipmaps > 0 && WriteMipmaps(image,pixelFormat,compression,mipmaps,
   2674         clusterFit,weightByAlpha,exception) == MagickFalse)
   2675     return(MagickFalse);
   2676 
   2677   (void) CloseBlob(image);
   2678   return(MagickTrue);
   2679 }
   2680 
   2681 static void WriteDDSInfo(Image *image, const size_t pixelFormat,
   2682   const size_t compression, const size_t mipmaps)
   2683 {
   2684   char
   2685     software[MagickPathExtent];
   2686 
   2687   register ssize_t
   2688     i;
   2689 
   2690   unsigned int
   2691     format,
   2692     caps,
   2693     flags;
   2694 
   2695   flags=(unsigned int) (DDSD_CAPS | DDSD_WIDTH | DDSD_HEIGHT |
   2696     DDSD_PIXELFORMAT);
   2697   caps=(unsigned int) DDSCAPS_TEXTURE;
   2698   format=(unsigned int) pixelFormat;
   2699 
   2700   if (format == DDPF_FOURCC)
   2701       flags=flags | DDSD_LINEARSIZE;
   2702   else
   2703       flags=flags | DDSD_PITCH;
   2704 
   2705   if (mipmaps > 0)
   2706     {
   2707       flags=flags | (unsigned int) DDSD_MIPMAPCOUNT;
   2708       caps=caps | (unsigned int) (DDSCAPS_MIPMAP | DDSCAPS_COMPLEX);
   2709     }
   2710 
   2711   if (format != DDPF_FOURCC && image->alpha_trait != UndefinedPixelTrait)
   2712     format=format | DDPF_ALPHAPIXELS;
   2713 
   2714   (void) WriteBlob(image,4,(unsigned char *) "DDS ");
   2715   (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,124);
   2716   (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,flags);
   2717   (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,(unsigned int) image->rows);
   2718   (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,(unsigned int) image->columns);
   2719 
   2720   if (pixelFormat == DDPF_FOURCC)
   2721     {
   2722       /* Compressed DDS requires linear compressed size of first image */
   2723       if (compression == FOURCC_DXT1)
   2724         (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,(unsigned int) (MagickMax(1,
   2725           (image->columns+3)/4)*MagickMax(1,(image->rows+3)/4)*8));
   2726       else /* DXT5 */
   2727         (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,(unsigned int) (MagickMax(1,
   2728           (image->columns+3)/4)*MagickMax(1,(image->rows+3)/4)*16));
   2729     }
   2730   else
   2731     {
   2732       /* Uncompressed DDS requires byte pitch of first image */
   2733       if (image->alpha_trait != UndefinedPixelTrait)
   2734         (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,(unsigned int) (image->columns * 4));
   2735       else
   2736         (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,(unsigned int) (image->columns * 3));
   2737     }
   2738 
   2739   (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,0x00);
   2740   (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,(unsigned int) mipmaps+1);
   2741   (void) ResetMagickMemory(software,0,sizeof(software));
   2742   (void) CopyMagickString(software,"IMAGEMAGICK",MagickPathExtent);
   2743   (void) WriteBlob(image,44,(unsigned char *) software);
   2744 
   2745   (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,32);
   2746   (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,format);
   2747 
   2748   if (pixelFormat == DDPF_FOURCC)
   2749     {
   2750       (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,(unsigned int) compression);
   2751       for(i=0;i < 5;i++) // bitcount / masks
   2752         (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,0x00);
   2753     }
   2754   else
   2755     {
   2756       (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,0x00);
   2757       if (image->alpha_trait != UndefinedPixelTrait)
   2758         {
   2759           (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,32);
   2760           (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,0xff0000);
   2761           (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,0xff00);
   2762           (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,0xff);
   2763           (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,0xff000000);
   2764         }
   2765       else
   2766         {
   2767           (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,24);
   2768           (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,0xff0000);
   2769           (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,0xff00);
   2770           (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,0xff);
   2771           (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,0x00);
   2772         }
   2773     }
   2774 
   2775   (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,caps);
   2776   for(i=0;i < 4;i++) // ddscaps2 + reserved region
   2777     (void) WriteBlobLSBLong(image,0x00);
   2778 }
   2779 
   2780 static void WriteFourCC(Image *image, const size_t compression,
   2781   const MagickBooleanType clusterFit, const MagickBooleanType weightByAlpha,
   2782   ExceptionInfo *exception)
   2783 {
   2784   register ssize_t
   2785     x;
   2786 
   2787   ssize_t
   2788     i,
   2789     y,
   2790     bx,
   2791     by;
   2792 
   2793   register const Quantum
   2794     *p;
   2795 
   2796   for (y=0; y < (ssize_t) image->rows; y+=4)
   2797   {
   2798     for (x=0; x < (ssize_t) image->columns; x+=4)
   2799     {
   2800       MagickBooleanType
   2801         match;
   2802 
   2803       DDSVector4
   2804         point,
   2805         points[16];
   2806 
   2807       size_t
   2808         count = 0,
   2809         max5 = 0,
   2810         max7 = 0,
   2811         min5 = 255,
   2812         min7 = 255,
   2813         columns = 4,
   2814         rows = 4;
   2815 
   2816       ssize_t
   2817         alphas[16],
   2818         map[16];
   2819 
   2820       unsigned char
   2821         alpha;
   2822 
   2823       if (x + columns >= image->columns)
   2824         columns = image->columns - x;
   2825 
   2826       if (y + rows >= image->rows)
   2827         rows = image->rows - y;
   2828 
   2829       p=GetVirtualPixels(image,x,y,columns,rows,exception);
   2830       if (p == (const Quantum *) NULL)
   2831         break;
   2832 
   2833       for (i=0; i<16; i++)
   2834       {
   2835         map[i] = -1;
   2836         alphas[i] = -1;
   2837       }
   2838 
   2839       for (by=0; by < (ssize_t) rows; by++)
   2840       {
   2841         for (bx=0; bx < (ssize_t) columns; bx++)
   2842         {
   2843           if (compression == FOURCC_DXT5)
   2844             alpha = ScaleQuantumToChar(GetPixelAlpha(image,p));
   2845           else
   2846             alpha = 255;
   2847 
   2848           if (compression == FOURCC_DXT5)
   2849             {
   2850               if (alpha < min7)
   2851                 min7 = alpha;
   2852               if (alpha > max7)
   2853                 max7 = alpha;
   2854               if (alpha != 0 && alpha < min5)
   2855                 min5 = alpha;
   2856               if (alpha != 255 && alpha > max5)
   2857                 max5 = alpha;
   2858             }
   2859 
   2860           alphas[4*by + bx] = (size_t)alpha;
   2861 
   2862           point.x = (float)ScaleQuantumToChar(GetPixelRed(image,p)) / 255.0f;
   2863           point.y = (float)ScaleQuantumToChar(GetPixelGreen(image,p)) / 255.0f;
   2864           point.z = (float)ScaleQuantumToChar(GetPixelBlue(image,p)) / 255.0f;
   2865           point.w = weightByAlpha ? (float)(alpha + 1) / 256.0f : 1.0f;
   2866           p+=GetPixelChannels(image);
   2867 
   2868           match = MagickFalse;
   2869           for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) count; i++)
   2870           {
   2871             if ((points[i].x == point.x) &&
   2872                 (points[i].y == point.y) &&
   2873                 (points[i].z == point.z) &&
   2874                 (alpha       >= 128 || compression == FOURCC_DXT5))
   2875               {
   2876                 points[i].w += point.w;
   2877                 map[4*by + bx] = i;
   2878                 match = MagickTrue;
   2879                 break;
   2880               }
   2881           }
   2882 
   2883           if (match != MagickFalse)
   2884             continue;
   2885 
   2886           points[count].x = point.x;
   2887           points[count].y = point.y;
   2888           points[count].z = point.z;
   2889           points[count].w = point.w;
   2890           map[4*by + bx] = count;
   2891           count++;
   2892         }
   2893       }
   2894 
   2895       for (i=0; i <  (ssize_t) count; i++)
   2896         points[i].w = sqrt(points[i].w);
   2897 
   2898       if (compression == FOURCC_DXT5)
   2899         WriteAlphas(image,alphas,min5,max5,min7,max7);
   2900 
   2901       if (count == 1)
   2902         WriteSingleColorFit(image,points,map);
   2903       else
   2904         WriteCompressed(image,count,points,map,clusterFit);
   2905     }
   2906   }
   2907 }
   2908 
   2909 static void WriteImageData(Image *image, const size_t pixelFormat,
   2910   const size_t compression,const MagickBooleanType clusterFit,
   2911   const MagickBooleanType weightByAlpha, ExceptionInfo *exception)
   2912 {
   2913   if (pixelFormat == DDPF_FOURCC)
   2914     WriteFourCC(image,compression,clusterFit,weightByAlpha,exception);
   2915   else
   2916     WriteUncompressed(image,exception);
   2917 }
   2918 
   2919 static inline size_t ClampToLimit(const float value, const size_t limit)
   2920 {
   2921   size_t
   2922     result = (int) (value + 0.5f);
   2923 
   2924   if (result < 0.0f)
   2925     return(0);
   2926   if (result > limit)
   2927     return(limit);
   2928   return result;
   2929 }
   2930 
   2931 static inline size_t ColorTo565(const DDSVector3 point)
   2932 {
   2933   size_t r = ClampToLimit(31.0f*point.x,31);
   2934   size_t g = ClampToLimit(63.0f*point.y,63);
   2935   size_t b = ClampToLimit(31.0f*point.z,31);
   2936 
   2937   return (r << 11) | (g << 5) | b;
   2938 }
   2939 
   2940 static void WriteIndices(Image *image, const DDSVector3 start,
   2941   const DDSVector3 end, unsigned char *indices)
   2942 {
   2943   register ssize_t
   2944     i;
   2945 
   2946   size_t
   2947     a,
   2948     b;
   2949 
   2950   unsigned char
   2951     remapped[16];
   2952 
   2953   const unsigned char
   2954     *ind;
   2955 
   2956   a = ColorTo565(start);
   2957   b = ColorTo565(end);
   2958 
   2959   for (i=0; i<16; i++)
   2960   {
   2961     if( a < b )
   2962       remapped[i] = (indices[i] ^ 0x1) & 0x3;
   2963     else if( a == b )
   2964       remapped[i] = 0;
   2965     else
   2966       remapped[i] = indices[i];
   2967   }
   2968 
   2969   if( a < b )
   2970     Swap(a,b);
   2971 
   2972   (void) WriteBlobByte(image,(unsigned char) (a & 0xff));
   2973   (void) WriteBlobByte(image,(unsigned char) (a >> 8));
   2974   (void) WriteBlobByte(image,(unsigned char) (b & 0xff));
   2975   (void) WriteBlobByte(image,(unsigned char) (b >> 8));
   2976 
   2977   for (i=0; i<4; i++)
   2978   {
   2979      ind = remapped + 4*i;
   2980      (void) WriteBlobByte(image,ind[0] | (ind[1] << 2) | (ind[2] << 4) |
   2981        (ind[3] << 6));
   2982   }
   2983 }
   2984 
   2985 static MagickBooleanType WriteMipmaps(Image *image, const size_t pixelFormat,
   2986   const size_t compression, const size_t mipmaps,
   2987   const MagickBooleanType clusterFit, const MagickBooleanType weightByAlpha,
   2988   ExceptionInfo *exception)
   2989 {
   2990   Image*
   2991     resize_image;
   2992 
   2993   register ssize_t
   2994     i;
   2995 
   2996   size_t
   2997     columns,
   2998     rows;
   2999 
   3000   columns = image->columns;
   3001   rows = image->rows;
   3002 
   3003   for (i=0; i< (ssize_t) mipmaps; i++)
   3004   {
   3005     resize_image = ResizeImage(image,columns/2,rows/2,TriangleFilter,
   3006       exception);
   3007 
   3008     if (resize_image == (Image *) NULL)
   3009       return(MagickFalse);
   3010 
   3011     DestroyBlob(resize_image);
   3012     resize_image->blob=ReferenceBlob(image->blob);
   3013 
   3014     WriteImageData(resize_image,pixelFormat,compression,weightByAlpha,
   3015       clusterFit,exception);
   3016 
   3017     resize_image=DestroyImage(resize_image);
   3018 
   3019     columns = DIV2(columns);
   3020     rows = DIV2(rows);
   3021   }
   3022 
   3023   return(MagickTrue);
   3024 }
   3025 
   3026 static void WriteSingleColorFit(Image *image, const DDSVector4 *points,
   3027   const ssize_t *map)
   3028 {
   3029   DDSVector3
   3030     start,
   3031     end;
   3032 
   3033   register ssize_t
   3034     i;
   3035 
   3036   unsigned char
   3037     color[3],
   3038     index,
   3039     indexes[16],
   3040     indices[16];
   3041 
   3042   color[0] = (unsigned char) ClampToLimit(255.0f*points->x,255);
   3043   color[1] = (unsigned char) ClampToLimit(255.0f*points->y,255);
   3044   color[2] = (unsigned char) ClampToLimit(255.0f*points->z,255);
   3045 
   3046   index=0;
   3047   ComputeEndPoints(DDS_LOOKUP,color,&start,&end,&index);
   3048 
   3049   for (i=0; i< 16; i++)
   3050     indexes[i]=index;
   3051   RemapIndices(map,indexes,indices);
   3052   WriteIndices(image,start,end,indices);
   3053 }
   3054 
   3055 static void WriteUncompressed(Image *image, ExceptionInfo *exception)
   3056 {
   3057   register const Quantum
   3058     *p;
   3059 
   3060   register ssize_t
   3061     x;
   3062 
   3063   ssize_t
   3064     y;
   3065 
   3066   for (y=0; y < (ssize_t) image->rows; y++)
   3067   {
   3068     p=GetVirtualPixels(image,0,y,image->columns,1,exception);
   3069     if (p == (const Quantum *) NULL)
   3070       break;
   3071 
   3072     for (x=0; x < (ssize_t) image->columns; x++)
   3073     {
   3074       (void) WriteBlobByte(image,ScaleQuantumToChar(GetPixelBlue(image,p)));
   3075       (void) WriteBlobByte(image,ScaleQuantumToChar(GetPixelGreen(image,p)));
   3076       (void) WriteBlobByte(image,ScaleQuantumToChar(GetPixelRed(image,p)));
   3077       if (image->alpha_trait != UndefinedPixelTrait)
   3078         (void) WriteBlobByte(image,ScaleQuantumToChar(GetPixelAlpha(image,p)));
   3079       p+=GetPixelChannels(image);
   3080     }
   3081   }
   3082 }
   3083