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      1 //  2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
      2 // License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html
      3 /*
      4 *******************************************************************************
      5 * Copyright (C) 2012-2015, International Business Machines
      6 * Corporation and others.  All Rights Reserved.
      7 *******************************************************************************
      8 * collationdatabuilder.cpp
      9 *
     10 * (replaced the former ucol_elm.cpp)
     11 *
     12 * created on: 2012apr01
     13 * created by: Markus W. Scherer
     14 */
     15 
     16 #include "unicode/utypes.h"
     17 
     18 #if !UCONFIG_NO_COLLATION
     19 
     20 #include "unicode/localpointer.h"
     21 #include "unicode/uchar.h"
     22 #include "unicode/ucharstrie.h"
     23 #include "unicode/ucharstriebuilder.h"
     24 #include "unicode/uniset.h"
     25 #include "unicode/unistr.h"
     26 #include "unicode/usetiter.h"
     27 #include "unicode/utf16.h"
     28 #include "cmemory.h"
     29 #include "collation.h"
     30 #include "collationdata.h"
     31 #include "collationdatabuilder.h"
     32 #include "collationfastlatinbuilder.h"
     33 #include "collationiterator.h"
     34 #include "normalizer2impl.h"
     35 #include "utrie2.h"
     36 #include "uvectr32.h"
     37 #include "uvectr64.h"
     38 #include "uvector.h"
     39 
     40 U_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
     41 
     42 CollationDataBuilder::CEModifier::~CEModifier() {}
     43 
     44 /**
     45  * Build-time context and CE32 for a code point.
     46  * If a code point has contextual mappings, then the default (no-context) mapping
     47  * and all conditional mappings are stored in a singly-linked list
     48  * of ConditionalCE32, sorted by context strings.
     49  *
     50  * Context strings sort by prefix length, then by prefix, then by contraction suffix.
     51  * Context strings must be unique and in ascending order.
     52  */
     53 struct ConditionalCE32 : public UMemory {
     54     ConditionalCE32()
     55             : context(),
     56               ce32(0), defaultCE32(Collation::NO_CE32), builtCE32(Collation::NO_CE32),
     57               next(-1) {}
     58     ConditionalCE32(const UnicodeString &ct, uint32_t ce)
     59             : context(ct),
     60               ce32(ce), defaultCE32(Collation::NO_CE32), builtCE32(Collation::NO_CE32),
     61               next(-1) {}
     62 
     63     inline UBool hasContext() const { return context.length() > 1; }
     64     inline int32_t prefixLength() const { return context.charAt(0); }
     65 
     66     /**
     67      * "\0" for the first entry for any code point, with its default CE32.
     68      *
     69      * Otherwise one unit with the length of the prefix string,
     70      * then the prefix string, then the contraction suffix.
     71      */
     72     UnicodeString context;
     73     /**
     74      * CE32 for the code point and its context.
     75      * Can be special (e.g., for an expansion) but not contextual (prefix or contraction tag).
     76      */
     77     uint32_t ce32;
     78     /**
     79      * Default CE32 for all contexts with this same prefix.
     80      * Initially NO_CE32. Set only while building runtime data structures,
     81      * and only on one of the nodes of a sub-list with the same prefix.
     82      */
     83     uint32_t defaultCE32;
     84     /**
     85      * CE32 for the built contexts.
     86      * When fetching CEs from the builder, the contexts are built into their runtime form
     87      * so that the normal collation implementation can process them.
     88      * The result is cached in the list head. It is reset when the contexts are modified.
     89      */
     90     uint32_t builtCE32;
     91     /**
     92      * Index of the next ConditionalCE32.
     93      * Negative for the end of the list.
     94      */
     95     int32_t next;
     96 };
     97 
     98 U_CDECL_BEGIN
     99 
    100 U_CAPI void U_CALLCONV
    101 uprv_deleteConditionalCE32(void *obj) {
    102     delete static_cast<ConditionalCE32 *>(obj);
    103 }
    104 
    105 U_CDECL_END
    106 
    107 /**
    108  * Build-time collation element and character iterator.
    109  * Uses the runtime CollationIterator for fetching CEs for a string
    110  * but reads from the builder's unfinished data structures.
    111  * In particular, this class reads from the unfinished trie
    112  * and has to avoid CollationIterator::nextCE() and redirect other
    113  * calls to data->getCE32() and data->getCE32FromSupplementary().
    114  *
    115  * We do this so that we need not implement the collation algorithm
    116  * again for the builder and make it behave exactly like the runtime code.
    117  * That would be more difficult to test and maintain than this indirection.
    118  *
    119  * Some CE32 tags (for example, the DIGIT_TAG) do not occur in the builder data,
    120  * so the data accesses from those code paths need not be modified.
    121  *
    122  * This class iterates directly over whole code points
    123  * so that the CollationIterator does not need the finished trie
    124  * for handling the LEAD_SURROGATE_TAG.
    125  */
    126 class DataBuilderCollationIterator : public CollationIterator {
    127 public:
    128     DataBuilderCollationIterator(CollationDataBuilder &b);
    129 
    130     virtual ~DataBuilderCollationIterator();
    131 
    132     int32_t fetchCEs(const UnicodeString &str, int32_t start, int64_t ces[], int32_t cesLength);
    133 
    134     virtual void resetToOffset(int32_t newOffset);
    135     virtual int32_t getOffset() const;
    136 
    137     virtual UChar32 nextCodePoint(UErrorCode &errorCode);
    138     virtual UChar32 previousCodePoint(UErrorCode &errorCode);
    139 
    140 protected:
    141     virtual void forwardNumCodePoints(int32_t num, UErrorCode &errorCode);
    142     virtual void backwardNumCodePoints(int32_t num, UErrorCode &errorCode);
    143 
    144     virtual uint32_t getDataCE32(UChar32 c) const;
    145     virtual uint32_t getCE32FromBuilderData(uint32_t ce32, UErrorCode &errorCode);
    146 
    147     CollationDataBuilder &builder;
    148     CollationData builderData;
    149     uint32_t jamoCE32s[CollationData::JAMO_CE32S_LENGTH];
    150     const UnicodeString *s;
    151     int32_t pos;
    152 };
    153 
    154 DataBuilderCollationIterator::DataBuilderCollationIterator(CollationDataBuilder &b)
    155         : CollationIterator(&builderData, /*numeric=*/ FALSE),
    156           builder(b), builderData(b.nfcImpl),
    157           s(NULL), pos(0) {
    158     builderData.base = builder.base;
    159     // Set all of the jamoCE32s[] to indirection CE32s.
    160     for(int32_t j = 0; j < CollationData::JAMO_CE32S_LENGTH; ++j) {  // Count across Jamo types.
    161         UChar32 jamo = CollationDataBuilder::jamoCpFromIndex(j);
    162         jamoCE32s[j] = Collation::makeCE32FromTagAndIndex(Collation::BUILDER_DATA_TAG, jamo) |
    163                 CollationDataBuilder::IS_BUILDER_JAMO_CE32;
    164     }
    165     builderData.jamoCE32s = jamoCE32s;
    166 }
    167 
    168 DataBuilderCollationIterator::~DataBuilderCollationIterator() {}
    169 
    170 int32_t
    171 DataBuilderCollationIterator::fetchCEs(const UnicodeString &str, int32_t start,
    172                                        int64_t ces[], int32_t cesLength) {
    173     // Set the pointers each time, in case they changed due to reallocation.
    174     builderData.ce32s = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(builder.ce32s.getBuffer());
    175     builderData.ces = builder.ce64s.getBuffer();
    176     builderData.contexts = builder.contexts.getBuffer();
    177     // Modified copy of CollationIterator::nextCE() and CollationIterator::nextCEFromCE32().
    178     reset();
    179     s = &str;
    180     pos = start;
    181     UErrorCode errorCode = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    182     while(U_SUCCESS(errorCode) && pos < s->length()) {
    183         // No need to keep all CEs in the iterator buffer.
    184         clearCEs();
    185         UChar32 c = s->char32At(pos);
    186         pos += U16_LENGTH(c);
    187         uint32_t ce32 = utrie2_get32(builder.trie, c);
    188         const CollationData *d;
    189         if(ce32 == Collation::FALLBACK_CE32) {
    190             d = builder.base;
    191             ce32 = builder.base->getCE32(c);
    192         } else {
    193             d = &builderData;
    194         }
    195         appendCEsFromCE32(d, c, ce32, /*forward=*/ TRUE, errorCode);
    196         U_ASSERT(U_SUCCESS(errorCode));
    197         for(int32_t i = 0; i < getCEsLength(); ++i) {
    198             int64_t ce = getCE(i);
    199             if(ce != 0) {
    200                 if(cesLength < Collation::MAX_EXPANSION_LENGTH) {
    201                     ces[cesLength] = ce;
    202                 }
    203                 ++cesLength;
    204             }
    205         }
    206     }
    207     return cesLength;
    208 }
    209 
    210 void
    211 DataBuilderCollationIterator::resetToOffset(int32_t newOffset) {
    212     reset();
    213     pos = newOffset;
    214 }
    215 
    216 int32_t
    217 DataBuilderCollationIterator::getOffset() const {
    218     return pos;
    219 }
    220 
    221 UChar32
    222 DataBuilderCollationIterator::nextCodePoint(UErrorCode & /*errorCode*/) {
    223     if(pos == s->length()) {
    224         return U_SENTINEL;
    225     }
    226     UChar32 c = s->char32At(pos);
    227     pos += U16_LENGTH(c);
    228     return c;
    229 }
    230 
    231 UChar32
    232 DataBuilderCollationIterator::previousCodePoint(UErrorCode & /*errorCode*/) {
    233     if(pos == 0) {
    234         return U_SENTINEL;
    235     }
    236     UChar32 c = s->char32At(pos - 1);
    237     pos -= U16_LENGTH(c);
    238     return c;
    239 }
    240 
    241 void
    242 DataBuilderCollationIterator::forwardNumCodePoints(int32_t num, UErrorCode & /*errorCode*/) {
    243     pos = s->moveIndex32(pos, num);
    244 }
    245 
    246 void
    247 DataBuilderCollationIterator::backwardNumCodePoints(int32_t num, UErrorCode & /*errorCode*/) {
    248     pos = s->moveIndex32(pos, -num);
    249 }
    250 
    251 uint32_t
    252 DataBuilderCollationIterator::getDataCE32(UChar32 c) const {
    253     return utrie2_get32(builder.trie, c);
    254 }
    255 
    256 uint32_t
    257 DataBuilderCollationIterator::getCE32FromBuilderData(uint32_t ce32, UErrorCode &errorCode) {
    258     U_ASSERT(Collation::hasCE32Tag(ce32, Collation::BUILDER_DATA_TAG));
    259     if((ce32 & CollationDataBuilder::IS_BUILDER_JAMO_CE32) != 0) {
    260         UChar32 jamo = Collation::indexFromCE32(ce32);
    261         return utrie2_get32(builder.trie, jamo);
    262     } else {
    263         ConditionalCE32 *cond = builder.getConditionalCE32ForCE32(ce32);
    264         if(cond->builtCE32 == Collation::NO_CE32) {
    265             // Build the context-sensitive mappings into their runtime form and cache the result.
    266             cond->builtCE32 = builder.buildContext(cond, errorCode);
    267             if(errorCode == U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR) {
    268                 errorCode = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    269                 builder.clearContexts();
    270                 cond->builtCE32 = builder.buildContext(cond, errorCode);
    271             }
    272             builderData.contexts = builder.contexts.getBuffer();
    273         }
    274         return cond->builtCE32;
    275     }
    276 }
    277 
    278 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ***
    279 
    280 CollationDataBuilder::CollationDataBuilder(UErrorCode &errorCode)
    281         : nfcImpl(*Normalizer2Factory::getNFCImpl(errorCode)),
    282           base(NULL), baseSettings(NULL),
    283           trie(NULL),
    284           ce32s(errorCode), ce64s(errorCode), conditionalCE32s(errorCode),
    285           modified(FALSE),
    286           fastLatinEnabled(FALSE), fastLatinBuilder(NULL),
    287           collIter(NULL) {
    288     // Reserve the first CE32 for U+0000.
    289     ce32s.addElement(0, errorCode);
    290     conditionalCE32s.setDeleter(uprv_deleteConditionalCE32);
    291 }
    292 
    293 CollationDataBuilder::~CollationDataBuilder() {
    294     utrie2_close(trie);
    295     delete fastLatinBuilder;
    296     delete collIter;
    297 }
    298 
    299 void
    300 CollationDataBuilder::initForTailoring(const CollationData *b, UErrorCode &errorCode) {
    301     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return; }
    302     if(trie != NULL) {
    303         errorCode = U_INVALID_STATE_ERROR;
    304         return;
    305     }
    306     if(b == NULL) {
    307         errorCode = U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR;
    308         return;
    309     }
    310     base = b;
    311 
    312     // For a tailoring, the default is to fall back to the base.
    313     trie = utrie2_open(Collation::FALLBACK_CE32, Collation::FFFD_CE32, &errorCode);
    314 
    315     // Set the Latin-1 letters block so that it is allocated first in the data array,
    316     // to try to improve locality of reference when sorting Latin-1 text.
    317     // Do not use utrie2_setRange32() since that will not actually allocate blocks
    318     // that are filled with the default value.
    319     // ASCII (0..7F) is already preallocated anyway.
    320     for(UChar32 c = 0xc0; c <= 0xff; ++c) {
    321         utrie2_set32(trie, c, Collation::FALLBACK_CE32, &errorCode);
    322     }
    323 
    324     // Hangul syllables are not tailorable (except via tailoring Jamos).
    325     // Always set the Hangul tag to help performance.
    326     // Do this here, rather than in buildMappings(),
    327     // so that we see the HANGUL_TAG in various assertions.
    328     uint32_t hangulCE32 = Collation::makeCE32FromTagAndIndex(Collation::HANGUL_TAG, 0);
    329     utrie2_setRange32(trie, Hangul::HANGUL_BASE, Hangul::HANGUL_END, hangulCE32, TRUE, &errorCode);
    330 
    331     // Copy the set contents but don't copy/clone the set as a whole because
    332     // that would copy the isFrozen state too.
    333     unsafeBackwardSet.addAll(*b->unsafeBackwardSet);
    334 
    335     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return; }
    336 }
    337 
    338 UBool
    339 CollationDataBuilder::maybeSetPrimaryRange(UChar32 start, UChar32 end,
    340                                            uint32_t primary, int32_t step,
    341                                            UErrorCode &errorCode) {
    342     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return FALSE; }
    343     U_ASSERT(start <= end);
    344     // TODO: Do we need to check what values are currently set for start..end?
    345     // An offset range is worth it only if we can achieve an overlap between
    346     // adjacent UTrie2 blocks of 32 code points each.
    347     // An offset CE is also a little more expensive to look up and compute
    348     // than a simple CE.
    349     // If the range spans at least three UTrie2 block boundaries (> 64 code points),
    350     // then we take it.
    351     // If the range spans one or two block boundaries and there are
    352     // at least 4 code points on either side, then we take it.
    353     // (We could additionally require a minimum range length of, say, 16.)
    354     int32_t blockDelta = (end >> 5) - (start >> 5);
    355     if(2 <= step && step <= 0x7f &&
    356             (blockDelta >= 3 ||
    357             (blockDelta > 0 && (start & 0x1f) <= 0x1c && (end & 0x1f) >= 3))) {
    358         int64_t dataCE = ((int64_t)primary << 32) | (start << 8) | step;
    359         if(isCompressiblePrimary(primary)) { dataCE |= 0x80; }
    360         int32_t index = addCE(dataCE, errorCode);
    361         if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return 0; }
    362         if(index > Collation::MAX_INDEX) {
    363             errorCode = U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR;
    364             return 0;
    365         }
    366         uint32_t offsetCE32 = Collation::makeCE32FromTagAndIndex(Collation::OFFSET_TAG, index);
    367         utrie2_setRange32(trie, start, end, offsetCE32, TRUE, &errorCode);
    368         modified = TRUE;
    369         return TRUE;
    370     } else {
    371         return FALSE;
    372     }
    373 }
    374 
    375 uint32_t
    376 CollationDataBuilder::setPrimaryRangeAndReturnNext(UChar32 start, UChar32 end,
    377                                                    uint32_t primary, int32_t step,
    378                                                    UErrorCode &errorCode) {
    379     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return 0; }
    380     UBool isCompressible = isCompressiblePrimary(primary);
    381     if(maybeSetPrimaryRange(start, end, primary, step, errorCode)) {
    382         return Collation::incThreeBytePrimaryByOffset(primary, isCompressible,
    383                                                       (end - start + 1) * step);
    384     } else {
    385         // Short range: Set individual CE32s.
    386         for(;;) {
    387             utrie2_set32(trie, start, Collation::makeLongPrimaryCE32(primary), &errorCode);
    388             ++start;
    389             primary = Collation::incThreeBytePrimaryByOffset(primary, isCompressible, step);
    390             if(start > end) { return primary; }
    391         }
    392         modified = TRUE;
    393     }
    394 }
    395 
    396 uint32_t
    397 CollationDataBuilder::getCE32FromOffsetCE32(UBool fromBase, UChar32 c, uint32_t ce32) const {
    398     int32_t i = Collation::indexFromCE32(ce32);
    399     int64_t dataCE = fromBase ? base->ces[i] : ce64s.elementAti(i);
    400     uint32_t p = Collation::getThreeBytePrimaryForOffsetData(c, dataCE);
    401     return Collation::makeLongPrimaryCE32(p);
    402 }
    403 
    404 UBool
    405 CollationDataBuilder::isCompressibleLeadByte(uint32_t b) const {
    406     return base->isCompressibleLeadByte(b);
    407 }
    408 
    409 UBool
    410 CollationDataBuilder::isAssigned(UChar32 c) const {
    411     return Collation::isAssignedCE32(utrie2_get32(trie, c));
    412 }
    413 
    414 uint32_t
    415 CollationDataBuilder::getLongPrimaryIfSingleCE(UChar32 c) const {
    416     uint32_t ce32 = utrie2_get32(trie, c);
    417     if(Collation::isLongPrimaryCE32(ce32)) {
    418         return Collation::primaryFromLongPrimaryCE32(ce32);
    419     } else {
    420         return 0;
    421     }
    422 }
    423 
    424 int64_t
    425 CollationDataBuilder::getSingleCE(UChar32 c, UErrorCode &errorCode) const {
    426     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return 0; }
    427     // Keep parallel with CollationData::getSingleCE().
    428     UBool fromBase = FALSE;
    429     uint32_t ce32 = utrie2_get32(trie, c);
    430     if(ce32 == Collation::FALLBACK_CE32) {
    431         fromBase = TRUE;
    432         ce32 = base->getCE32(c);
    433     }
    434     while(Collation::isSpecialCE32(ce32)) {
    435         switch(Collation::tagFromCE32(ce32)) {
    436         case Collation::LATIN_EXPANSION_TAG:
    437         case Collation::BUILDER_DATA_TAG:
    438         case Collation::PREFIX_TAG:
    439         case Collation::CONTRACTION_TAG:
    440         case Collation::HANGUL_TAG:
    441         case Collation::LEAD_SURROGATE_TAG:
    442             errorCode = U_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
    443             return 0;
    444         case Collation::FALLBACK_TAG:
    445         case Collation::RESERVED_TAG_3:
    446             errorCode = U_INTERNAL_PROGRAM_ERROR;
    447             return 0;
    448         case Collation::LONG_PRIMARY_TAG:
    449             return Collation::ceFromLongPrimaryCE32(ce32);
    450         case Collation::LONG_SECONDARY_TAG:
    451             return Collation::ceFromLongSecondaryCE32(ce32);
    452         case Collation::EXPANSION32_TAG:
    453             if(Collation::lengthFromCE32(ce32) == 1) {
    454                 int32_t i = Collation::indexFromCE32(ce32);
    455                 ce32 = fromBase ? base->ce32s[i] : ce32s.elementAti(i);
    456                 break;
    457             } else {
    458                 errorCode = U_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
    459                 return 0;
    460             }
    461         case Collation::EXPANSION_TAG: {
    462             if(Collation::lengthFromCE32(ce32) == 1) {
    463                 int32_t i = Collation::indexFromCE32(ce32);
    464                 return fromBase ? base->ces[i] : ce64s.elementAti(i);
    465             } else {
    466                 errorCode = U_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;
    467                 return 0;
    468             }
    469         }
    470         case Collation::DIGIT_TAG:
    471             // Fetch the non-numeric-collation CE32 and continue.
    472             ce32 = ce32s.elementAti(Collation::indexFromCE32(ce32));
    473             break;
    474         case Collation::U0000_TAG:
    475             U_ASSERT(c == 0);
    476             // Fetch the normal ce32 for U+0000 and continue.
    477             ce32 = fromBase ? base->ce32s[0] : ce32s.elementAti(0);
    478             break;
    479         case Collation::OFFSET_TAG:
    480             ce32 = getCE32FromOffsetCE32(fromBase, c, ce32);
    481             break;
    482         case Collation::IMPLICIT_TAG:
    483             return Collation::unassignedCEFromCodePoint(c);
    484         }
    485     }
    486     return Collation::ceFromSimpleCE32(ce32);
    487 }
    488 
    489 int32_t
    490 CollationDataBuilder::addCE(int64_t ce, UErrorCode &errorCode) {
    491     int32_t length = ce64s.size();
    492     for(int32_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
    493         if(ce == ce64s.elementAti(i)) { return i; }
    494     }
    495     ce64s.addElement(ce, errorCode);
    496     return length;
    497 }
    498 
    499 int32_t
    500 CollationDataBuilder::addCE32(uint32_t ce32, UErrorCode &errorCode) {
    501     int32_t length = ce32s.size();
    502     for(int32_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
    503         if(ce32 == (uint32_t)ce32s.elementAti(i)) { return i; }
    504     }
    505     ce32s.addElement((int32_t)ce32, errorCode);
    506     return length;
    507 }
    508 
    509 int32_t
    510 CollationDataBuilder::addConditionalCE32(const UnicodeString &context, uint32_t ce32,
    511                                          UErrorCode &errorCode) {
    512     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return -1; }
    513     U_ASSERT(!context.isEmpty());
    514     int32_t index = conditionalCE32s.size();
    515     if(index > Collation::MAX_INDEX) {
    516         errorCode = U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR;
    517         return -1;
    518     }
    519     ConditionalCE32 *cond = new ConditionalCE32(context, ce32);
    520     if(cond == NULL) {
    521         errorCode = U_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_ERROR;
    522         return -1;
    523     }
    524     conditionalCE32s.addElement(cond, errorCode);
    525     return index;
    526 }
    527 
    528 void
    529 CollationDataBuilder::add(const UnicodeString &prefix, const UnicodeString &s,
    530                           const int64_t ces[], int32_t cesLength,
    531                           UErrorCode &errorCode) {
    532     uint32_t ce32 = encodeCEs(ces, cesLength, errorCode);
    533     addCE32(prefix, s, ce32, errorCode);
    534 }
    535 
    536 void
    537 CollationDataBuilder::addCE32(const UnicodeString &prefix, const UnicodeString &s,
    538                               uint32_t ce32, UErrorCode &errorCode) {
    539     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return; }
    540     if(s.isEmpty()) {
    541         errorCode = U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR;
    542         return;
    543     }
    544     if(trie == NULL || utrie2_isFrozen(trie)) {
    545         errorCode = U_INVALID_STATE_ERROR;
    546         return;
    547     }
    548     UChar32 c = s.char32At(0);
    549     int32_t cLength = U16_LENGTH(c);
    550     uint32_t oldCE32 = utrie2_get32(trie, c);
    551     UBool hasContext = !prefix.isEmpty() || s.length() > cLength;
    552     if(oldCE32 == Collation::FALLBACK_CE32) {
    553         // First tailoring for c.
    554         // If c has contextual base mappings or if we add a contextual mapping,
    555         // then copy the base mappings.
    556         // Otherwise we just override the base mapping.
    557         uint32_t baseCE32 = base->getFinalCE32(base->getCE32(c));
    558         if(hasContext || Collation::ce32HasContext(baseCE32)) {
    559             oldCE32 = copyFromBaseCE32(c, baseCE32, TRUE, errorCode);
    560             utrie2_set32(trie, c, oldCE32, &errorCode);
    561             if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return; }
    562         }
    563     }
    564     if(!hasContext) {
    565         // No prefix, no contraction.
    566         if(!isBuilderContextCE32(oldCE32)) {
    567             utrie2_set32(trie, c, ce32, &errorCode);
    568         } else {
    569             ConditionalCE32 *cond = getConditionalCE32ForCE32(oldCE32);
    570             cond->builtCE32 = Collation::NO_CE32;
    571             cond->ce32 = ce32;
    572         }
    573     } else {
    574         ConditionalCE32 *cond;
    575         if(!isBuilderContextCE32(oldCE32)) {
    576             // Replace the simple oldCE32 with a builder context CE32
    577             // pointing to a new ConditionalCE32 list head.
    578             int32_t index = addConditionalCE32(UnicodeString((UChar)0), oldCE32, errorCode);
    579             if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return; }
    580             uint32_t contextCE32 = makeBuilderContextCE32(index);
    581             utrie2_set32(trie, c, contextCE32, &errorCode);
    582             contextChars.add(c);
    583             cond = getConditionalCE32(index);
    584         } else {
    585             cond = getConditionalCE32ForCE32(oldCE32);
    586             cond->builtCE32 = Collation::NO_CE32;
    587         }
    588         UnicodeString suffix(s, cLength);
    589         UnicodeString context((UChar)prefix.length());
    590         context.append(prefix).append(suffix);
    591         unsafeBackwardSet.addAll(suffix);
    592         for(;;) {
    593             // invariant: context > cond->context
    594             int32_t next = cond->next;
    595             if(next < 0) {
    596                 // Append a new ConditionalCE32 after cond.
    597                 int32_t index = addConditionalCE32(context, ce32, errorCode);
    598                 if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return; }
    599                 cond->next = index;
    600                 break;
    601             }
    602             ConditionalCE32 *nextCond = getConditionalCE32(next);
    603             int8_t cmp = context.compare(nextCond->context);
    604             if(cmp < 0) {
    605                 // Insert a new ConditionalCE32 between cond and nextCond.
    606                 int32_t index = addConditionalCE32(context, ce32, errorCode);
    607                 if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return; }
    608                 cond->next = index;
    609                 getConditionalCE32(index)->next = next;
    610                 break;
    611             } else if(cmp == 0) {
    612                 // Same context as before, overwrite its ce32.
    613                 nextCond->ce32 = ce32;
    614                 break;
    615             }
    616             cond = nextCond;
    617         }
    618     }
    619     modified = TRUE;
    620 }
    621 
    622 uint32_t
    623 CollationDataBuilder::encodeOneCEAsCE32(int64_t ce) {
    624     uint32_t p = (uint32_t)(ce >> 32);
    625     uint32_t lower32 = (uint32_t)ce;
    626     uint32_t t = (uint32_t)(ce & 0xffff);
    627     U_ASSERT((t & 0xc000) != 0xc000);  // Impossible case bits 11 mark special CE32s.
    628     if((ce & INT64_C(0xffff00ff00ff)) == 0) {
    629         // normal form ppppsstt
    630         return p | (lower32 >> 16) | (t >> 8);
    631     } else if((ce & INT64_C(0xffffffffff)) == Collation::COMMON_SEC_AND_TER_CE) {
    632         // long-primary form ppppppC1
    633         return Collation::makeLongPrimaryCE32(p);
    634     } else if(p == 0 && (t & 0xff) == 0) {
    635         // long-secondary form ssssttC2
    636         return Collation::makeLongSecondaryCE32(lower32);
    637     }
    638     return Collation::NO_CE32;
    639 }
    640 
    641 uint32_t
    642 CollationDataBuilder::encodeOneCE(int64_t ce, UErrorCode &errorCode) {
    643     // Try to encode one CE as one CE32.
    644     uint32_t ce32 = encodeOneCEAsCE32(ce);
    645     if(ce32 != Collation::NO_CE32) { return ce32; }
    646     int32_t index = addCE(ce, errorCode);
    647     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return 0; }
    648     if(index > Collation::MAX_INDEX) {
    649         errorCode = U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR;
    650         return 0;
    651     }
    652     return Collation::makeCE32FromTagIndexAndLength(Collation::EXPANSION_TAG, index, 1);
    653 }
    654 
    655 uint32_t
    656 CollationDataBuilder::encodeCEs(const int64_t ces[], int32_t cesLength,
    657                                 UErrorCode &errorCode) {
    658     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return 0; }
    659     if(cesLength < 0 || cesLength > Collation::MAX_EXPANSION_LENGTH) {
    660         errorCode = U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR;
    661         return 0;
    662     }
    663     if(trie == NULL || utrie2_isFrozen(trie)) {
    664         errorCode = U_INVALID_STATE_ERROR;
    665         return 0;
    666     }
    667     if(cesLength == 0) {
    668         // Convenience: We cannot map to nothing, but we can map to a completely ignorable CE.
    669         // Do this here so that callers need not do it.
    670         return encodeOneCEAsCE32(0);
    671     } else if(cesLength == 1) {
    672         return encodeOneCE(ces[0], errorCode);
    673     } else if(cesLength == 2) {
    674         // Try to encode two CEs as one CE32.
    675         int64_t ce0 = ces[0];
    676         int64_t ce1 = ces[1];
    677         uint32_t p0 = (uint32_t)(ce0 >> 32);
    678         if((ce0 & INT64_C(0xffffffffff00ff)) == Collation::COMMON_SECONDARY_CE &&
    679                 (ce1 & INT64_C(0xffffffff00ffffff)) == Collation::COMMON_TERTIARY_CE &&
    680                 p0 != 0) {
    681             // Latin mini expansion
    682             return
    683                 p0 |
    684                 (((uint32_t)ce0 & 0xff00u) << 8) |
    685                 (uint32_t)(ce1 >> 16) |
    686                 Collation::SPECIAL_CE32_LOW_BYTE |
    687                 Collation::LATIN_EXPANSION_TAG;
    688         }
    689     }
    690     // Try to encode two or more CEs as CE32s.
    691     int32_t newCE32s[Collation::MAX_EXPANSION_LENGTH];
    692     for(int32_t i = 0;; ++i) {
    693         if(i == cesLength) {
    694             return encodeExpansion32(newCE32s, cesLength, errorCode);
    695         }
    696         uint32_t ce32 = encodeOneCEAsCE32(ces[i]);
    697         if(ce32 == Collation::NO_CE32) { break; }
    698         newCE32s[i] = (int32_t)ce32;
    699     }
    700     return encodeExpansion(ces, cesLength, errorCode);
    701 }
    702 
    703 uint32_t
    704 CollationDataBuilder::encodeExpansion(const int64_t ces[], int32_t length, UErrorCode &errorCode) {
    705     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return 0; }
    706     // See if this sequence of CEs has already been stored.
    707     int64_t first = ces[0];
    708     int32_t ce64sMax = ce64s.size() - length;
    709     for(int32_t i = 0; i <= ce64sMax; ++i) {
    710         if(first == ce64s.elementAti(i)) {
    711             if(i > Collation::MAX_INDEX) {
    712                 errorCode = U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR;
    713                 return 0;
    714             }
    715             for(int32_t j = 1;; ++j) {
    716                 if(j == length) {
    717                     return Collation::makeCE32FromTagIndexAndLength(
    718                             Collation::EXPANSION_TAG, i, length);
    719                 }
    720                 if(ce64s.elementAti(i + j) != ces[j]) { break; }
    721             }
    722         }
    723     }
    724     // Store the new sequence.
    725     int32_t i = ce64s.size();
    726     if(i > Collation::MAX_INDEX) {
    727         errorCode = U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR;
    728         return 0;
    729     }
    730     for(int32_t j = 0; j < length; ++j) {
    731         ce64s.addElement(ces[j], errorCode);
    732     }
    733     return Collation::makeCE32FromTagIndexAndLength(Collation::EXPANSION_TAG, i, length);
    734 }
    735 
    736 uint32_t
    737 CollationDataBuilder::encodeExpansion32(const int32_t newCE32s[], int32_t length,
    738                                         UErrorCode &errorCode) {
    739     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return 0; }
    740     // See if this sequence of CE32s has already been stored.
    741     int32_t first = newCE32s[0];
    742     int32_t ce32sMax = ce32s.size() - length;
    743     for(int32_t i = 0; i <= ce32sMax; ++i) {
    744         if(first == ce32s.elementAti(i)) {
    745             if(i > Collation::MAX_INDEX) {
    746                 errorCode = U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR;
    747                 return 0;
    748             }
    749             for(int32_t j = 1;; ++j) {
    750                 if(j == length) {
    751                     return Collation::makeCE32FromTagIndexAndLength(
    752                             Collation::EXPANSION32_TAG, i, length);
    753                 }
    754                 if(ce32s.elementAti(i + j) != newCE32s[j]) { break; }
    755             }
    756         }
    757     }
    758     // Store the new sequence.
    759     int32_t i = ce32s.size();
    760     if(i > Collation::MAX_INDEX) {
    761         errorCode = U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR;
    762         return 0;
    763     }
    764     for(int32_t j = 0; j < length; ++j) {
    765         ce32s.addElement(newCE32s[j], errorCode);
    766     }
    767     return Collation::makeCE32FromTagIndexAndLength(Collation::EXPANSION32_TAG, i, length);
    768 }
    769 
    770 uint32_t
    771 CollationDataBuilder::copyFromBaseCE32(UChar32 c, uint32_t ce32, UBool withContext,
    772                                        UErrorCode &errorCode) {
    773     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return 0; }
    774     if(!Collation::isSpecialCE32(ce32)) { return ce32; }
    775     switch(Collation::tagFromCE32(ce32)) {
    776     case Collation::LONG_PRIMARY_TAG:
    777     case Collation::LONG_SECONDARY_TAG:
    778     case Collation::LATIN_EXPANSION_TAG:
    779         // copy as is
    780         break;
    781     case Collation::EXPANSION32_TAG: {
    782         const uint32_t *baseCE32s = base->ce32s + Collation::indexFromCE32(ce32);
    783         int32_t length = Collation::lengthFromCE32(ce32);
    784         ce32 = encodeExpansion32(
    785             reinterpret_cast<const int32_t *>(baseCE32s), length, errorCode);
    786         break;
    787     }
    788     case Collation::EXPANSION_TAG: {
    789         const int64_t *baseCEs = base->ces + Collation::indexFromCE32(ce32);
    790         int32_t length = Collation::lengthFromCE32(ce32);
    791         ce32 = encodeExpansion(baseCEs, length, errorCode);
    792         break;
    793     }
    794     case Collation::PREFIX_TAG: {
    795         // Flatten prefixes and nested suffixes (contractions)
    796         // into a linear list of ConditionalCE32.
    797         const UChar *p = base->contexts + Collation::indexFromCE32(ce32);
    798         ce32 = CollationData::readCE32(p);  // Default if no prefix match.
    799         if(!withContext) {
    800             return copyFromBaseCE32(c, ce32, FALSE, errorCode);
    801         }
    802         ConditionalCE32 head;
    803         UnicodeString context((UChar)0);
    804         int32_t index;
    805         if(Collation::isContractionCE32(ce32)) {
    806             index = copyContractionsFromBaseCE32(context, c, ce32, &head, errorCode);
    807         } else {
    808             ce32 = copyFromBaseCE32(c, ce32, TRUE, errorCode);
    809             head.next = index = addConditionalCE32(context, ce32, errorCode);
    810         }
    811         if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return 0; }
    812         ConditionalCE32 *cond = getConditionalCE32(index);  // the last ConditionalCE32 so far
    813         UCharsTrie::Iterator prefixes(p + 2, 0, errorCode);
    814         while(prefixes.next(errorCode)) {
    815             context = prefixes.getString();
    816             context.reverse();
    817             context.insert(0, (UChar)context.length());
    818             ce32 = (uint32_t)prefixes.getValue();
    819             if(Collation::isContractionCE32(ce32)) {
    820                 index = copyContractionsFromBaseCE32(context, c, ce32, cond, errorCode);
    821             } else {
    822                 ce32 = copyFromBaseCE32(c, ce32, TRUE, errorCode);
    823                 cond->next = index = addConditionalCE32(context, ce32, errorCode);
    824             }
    825             if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return 0; }
    826             cond = getConditionalCE32(index);
    827         }
    828         ce32 = makeBuilderContextCE32(head.next);
    829         contextChars.add(c);
    830         break;
    831     }
    832     case Collation::CONTRACTION_TAG: {
    833         if(!withContext) {
    834             const UChar *p = base->contexts + Collation::indexFromCE32(ce32);
    835             ce32 = CollationData::readCE32(p);  // Default if no suffix match.
    836             return copyFromBaseCE32(c, ce32, FALSE, errorCode);
    837         }
    838         ConditionalCE32 head;
    839         UnicodeString context((UChar)0);
    840         copyContractionsFromBaseCE32(context, c, ce32, &head, errorCode);
    841         ce32 = makeBuilderContextCE32(head.next);
    842         contextChars.add(c);
    843         break;
    844     }
    845     case Collation::HANGUL_TAG:
    846         errorCode = U_UNSUPPORTED_ERROR;  // We forbid tailoring of Hangul syllables.
    847         break;
    848     case Collation::OFFSET_TAG:
    849         ce32 = getCE32FromOffsetCE32(TRUE, c, ce32);
    850         break;
    851     case Collation::IMPLICIT_TAG:
    852         ce32 = encodeOneCE(Collation::unassignedCEFromCodePoint(c), errorCode);
    853         break;
    854     default:
    855         U_ASSERT(FALSE);  // require ce32 == base->getFinalCE32(ce32)
    856         break;
    857     }
    858     return ce32;
    859 }
    860 
    861 int32_t
    862 CollationDataBuilder::copyContractionsFromBaseCE32(UnicodeString &context, UChar32 c, uint32_t ce32,
    863                                                    ConditionalCE32 *cond, UErrorCode &errorCode) {
    864     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return 0; }
    865     const UChar *p = base->contexts + Collation::indexFromCE32(ce32);
    866     int32_t index;
    867     if((ce32 & Collation::CONTRACT_SINGLE_CP_NO_MATCH) != 0) {
    868         // No match on the single code point.
    869         // We are underneath a prefix, and the default mapping is just
    870         // a fallback to the mappings for a shorter prefix.
    871         U_ASSERT(context.length() > 1);
    872         index = -1;
    873     } else {
    874         ce32 = CollationData::readCE32(p);  // Default if no suffix match.
    875         U_ASSERT(!Collation::isContractionCE32(ce32));
    876         ce32 = copyFromBaseCE32(c, ce32, TRUE, errorCode);
    877         cond->next = index = addConditionalCE32(context, ce32, errorCode);
    878         if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return 0; }
    879         cond = getConditionalCE32(index);
    880     }
    881 
    882     int32_t suffixStart = context.length();
    883     UCharsTrie::Iterator suffixes(p + 2, 0, errorCode);
    884     while(suffixes.next(errorCode)) {
    885         context.append(suffixes.getString());
    886         ce32 = copyFromBaseCE32(c, (uint32_t)suffixes.getValue(), TRUE, errorCode);
    887         cond->next = index = addConditionalCE32(context, ce32, errorCode);
    888         if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return 0; }
    889         // No need to update the unsafeBackwardSet because the tailoring set
    890         // is already a copy of the base set.
    891         cond = getConditionalCE32(index);
    892         context.truncate(suffixStart);
    893     }
    894     U_ASSERT(index >= 0);
    895     return index;
    896 }
    897 
    898 class CopyHelper {
    899 public:
    900     CopyHelper(const CollationDataBuilder &s, CollationDataBuilder &d,
    901                const CollationDataBuilder::CEModifier &m, UErrorCode &initialErrorCode)
    902             : src(s), dest(d), modifier(m),
    903               errorCode(initialErrorCode) {}
    904 
    905     UBool copyRangeCE32(UChar32 start, UChar32 end, uint32_t ce32) {
    906         ce32 = copyCE32(ce32);
    907         utrie2_setRange32(dest.trie, start, end, ce32, TRUE, &errorCode);
    908         if(CollationDataBuilder::isBuilderContextCE32(ce32)) {
    909             dest.contextChars.add(start, end);
    910         }
    911         return U_SUCCESS(errorCode);
    912     }
    913 
    914     uint32_t copyCE32(uint32_t ce32) {
    915         if(!Collation::isSpecialCE32(ce32)) {
    916             int64_t ce = modifier.modifyCE32(ce32);
    917             if(ce != Collation::NO_CE) {
    918                 ce32 = dest.encodeOneCE(ce, errorCode);
    919             }
    920         } else {
    921             int32_t tag = Collation::tagFromCE32(ce32);
    922             if(tag == Collation::EXPANSION32_TAG) {
    923                 const uint32_t *srcCE32s = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(src.ce32s.getBuffer());
    924                 srcCE32s += Collation::indexFromCE32(ce32);
    925                 int32_t length = Collation::lengthFromCE32(ce32);
    926                 // Inspect the source CE32s. Just copy them if none are modified.
    927                 // Otherwise copy to modifiedCEs, with modifications.
    928                 UBool isModified = FALSE;
    929                 for(int32_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
    930                     ce32 = srcCE32s[i];
    931                     int64_t ce;
    932                     if(Collation::isSpecialCE32(ce32) ||
    933                             (ce = modifier.modifyCE32(ce32)) == Collation::NO_CE) {
    934                         if(isModified) {
    935                             modifiedCEs[i] = Collation::ceFromCE32(ce32);
    936                         }
    937                     } else {
    938                         if(!isModified) {
    939                             for(int32_t j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
    940                                 modifiedCEs[j] = Collation::ceFromCE32(srcCE32s[j]);
    941                             }
    942                             isModified = TRUE;
    943                         }
    944                         modifiedCEs[i] = ce;
    945                     }
    946                 }
    947                 if(isModified) {
    948                     ce32 = dest.encodeCEs(modifiedCEs, length, errorCode);
    949                 } else {
    950                     ce32 = dest.encodeExpansion32(
    951                         reinterpret_cast<const int32_t *>(srcCE32s), length, errorCode);
    952                 }
    953             } else if(tag == Collation::EXPANSION_TAG) {
    954                 const int64_t *srcCEs = src.ce64s.getBuffer();
    955                 srcCEs += Collation::indexFromCE32(ce32);
    956                 int32_t length = Collation::lengthFromCE32(ce32);
    957                 // Inspect the source CEs. Just copy them if none are modified.
    958                 // Otherwise copy to modifiedCEs, with modifications.
    959                 UBool isModified = FALSE;
    960                 for(int32_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
    961                     int64_t srcCE = srcCEs[i];
    962                     int64_t ce = modifier.modifyCE(srcCE);
    963                     if(ce == Collation::NO_CE) {
    964                         if(isModified) {
    965                             modifiedCEs[i] = srcCE;
    966                         }
    967                     } else {
    968                         if(!isModified) {
    969                             for(int32_t j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
    970                                 modifiedCEs[j] = srcCEs[j];
    971                             }
    972                             isModified = TRUE;
    973                         }
    974                         modifiedCEs[i] = ce;
    975                     }
    976                 }
    977                 if(isModified) {
    978                     ce32 = dest.encodeCEs(modifiedCEs, length, errorCode);
    979                 } else {
    980                     ce32 = dest.encodeExpansion(srcCEs, length, errorCode);
    981                 }
    982             } else if(tag == Collation::BUILDER_DATA_TAG) {
    983                 // Copy the list of ConditionalCE32.
    984                 ConditionalCE32 *cond = src.getConditionalCE32ForCE32(ce32);
    985                 U_ASSERT(!cond->hasContext());
    986                 int32_t destIndex = dest.addConditionalCE32(
    987                         cond->context, copyCE32(cond->ce32), errorCode);
    988                 ce32 = CollationDataBuilder::makeBuilderContextCE32(destIndex);
    989                 while(cond->next >= 0) {
    990                     cond = src.getConditionalCE32(cond->next);
    991                     ConditionalCE32 *prevDestCond = dest.getConditionalCE32(destIndex);
    992                     destIndex = dest.addConditionalCE32(
    993                             cond->context, copyCE32(cond->ce32), errorCode);
    994                     int32_t suffixStart = cond->prefixLength() + 1;
    995                     dest.unsafeBackwardSet.addAll(cond->context.tempSubString(suffixStart));
    996                     prevDestCond->next = destIndex;
    997                 }
    998             } else {
    999                 // Just copy long CEs and Latin mini expansions (and other expected values) as is,
   1000                 // assuming that the modifier would not modify them.
   1001                 U_ASSERT(tag == Collation::LONG_PRIMARY_TAG ||
   1002                         tag == Collation::LONG_SECONDARY_TAG ||
   1003                         tag == Collation::LATIN_EXPANSION_TAG ||
   1004                         tag == Collation::HANGUL_TAG);
   1005             }
   1006         }
   1007         return ce32;
   1008     }
   1009 
   1010     const CollationDataBuilder &src;
   1011     CollationDataBuilder &dest;
   1012     const CollationDataBuilder::CEModifier &modifier;
   1013     int64_t modifiedCEs[Collation::MAX_EXPANSION_LENGTH];
   1014     UErrorCode errorCode;
   1015 };
   1016 
   1017 U_CDECL_BEGIN
   1018 
   1019 static UBool U_CALLCONV
   1020 enumRangeForCopy(const void *context, UChar32 start, UChar32 end, uint32_t value) {
   1021     return
   1022         value == Collation::UNASSIGNED_CE32 || value == Collation::FALLBACK_CE32 ||
   1023         ((CopyHelper *)context)->copyRangeCE32(start, end, value);
   1024 }
   1025 
   1026 U_CDECL_END
   1027 
   1028 void
   1029 CollationDataBuilder::copyFrom(const CollationDataBuilder &src, const CEModifier &modifier,
   1030                                UErrorCode &errorCode) {
   1031     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return; }
   1032     if(trie == NULL || utrie2_isFrozen(trie)) {
   1033         errorCode = U_INVALID_STATE_ERROR;
   1034         return;
   1035     }
   1036     CopyHelper helper(src, *this, modifier, errorCode);
   1037     utrie2_enum(src.trie, NULL, enumRangeForCopy, &helper);
   1038     errorCode = helper.errorCode;
   1039     // Update the contextChars and the unsafeBackwardSet while copying,
   1040     // in case a character had conditional mappings in the source builder
   1041     // and they were removed later.
   1042     modified |= src.modified;
   1043 }
   1044 
   1045 void
   1046 CollationDataBuilder::optimize(const UnicodeSet &set, UErrorCode &errorCode) {
   1047     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || set.isEmpty()) { return; }
   1048     UnicodeSetIterator iter(set);
   1049     while(iter.next() && !iter.isString()) {
   1050         UChar32 c = iter.getCodepoint();
   1051         uint32_t ce32 = utrie2_get32(trie, c);
   1052         if(ce32 == Collation::FALLBACK_CE32) {
   1053             ce32 = base->getFinalCE32(base->getCE32(c));
   1054             ce32 = copyFromBaseCE32(c, ce32, TRUE, errorCode);
   1055             utrie2_set32(trie, c, ce32, &errorCode);
   1056         }
   1057     }
   1058     modified = TRUE;
   1059 }
   1060 
   1061 void
   1062 CollationDataBuilder::suppressContractions(const UnicodeSet &set, UErrorCode &errorCode) {
   1063     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || set.isEmpty()) { return; }
   1064     UnicodeSetIterator iter(set);
   1065     while(iter.next() && !iter.isString()) {
   1066         UChar32 c = iter.getCodepoint();
   1067         uint32_t ce32 = utrie2_get32(trie, c);
   1068         if(ce32 == Collation::FALLBACK_CE32) {
   1069             ce32 = base->getFinalCE32(base->getCE32(c));
   1070             if(Collation::ce32HasContext(ce32)) {
   1071                 ce32 = copyFromBaseCE32(c, ce32, FALSE /* without context */, errorCode);
   1072                 utrie2_set32(trie, c, ce32, &errorCode);
   1073             }
   1074         } else if(isBuilderContextCE32(ce32)) {
   1075             ce32 = getConditionalCE32ForCE32(ce32)->ce32;
   1076             // Simply abandon the list of ConditionalCE32.
   1077             // The caller will copy this builder in the end,
   1078             // eliminating unreachable data.
   1079             utrie2_set32(trie, c, ce32, &errorCode);
   1080             contextChars.remove(c);
   1081         }
   1082     }
   1083     modified = TRUE;
   1084 }
   1085 
   1086 UBool
   1087 CollationDataBuilder::getJamoCE32s(uint32_t jamoCE32s[], UErrorCode &errorCode) {
   1088     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return FALSE; }
   1089     UBool anyJamoAssigned = base == NULL;  // always set jamoCE32s in the base data
   1090     UBool needToCopyFromBase = FALSE;
   1091     for(int32_t j = 0; j < CollationData::JAMO_CE32S_LENGTH; ++j) {  // Count across Jamo types.
   1092         UChar32 jamo = jamoCpFromIndex(j);
   1093         UBool fromBase = FALSE;
   1094         uint32_t ce32 = utrie2_get32(trie, jamo);
   1095         anyJamoAssigned |= Collation::isAssignedCE32(ce32);
   1096         // TODO: Try to prevent [optimize [Jamo]] from counting as anyJamoAssigned.
   1097         // (As of CLDR 24 [2013] the Korean tailoring does not optimize conjoining Jamo.)
   1098         if(ce32 == Collation::FALLBACK_CE32) {
   1099             fromBase = TRUE;
   1100             ce32 = base->getCE32(jamo);
   1101         }
   1102         if(Collation::isSpecialCE32(ce32)) {
   1103             switch(Collation::tagFromCE32(ce32)) {
   1104             case Collation::LONG_PRIMARY_TAG:
   1105             case Collation::LONG_SECONDARY_TAG:
   1106             case Collation::LATIN_EXPANSION_TAG:
   1107                 // Copy the ce32 as-is.
   1108                 break;
   1109             case Collation::EXPANSION32_TAG:
   1110             case Collation::EXPANSION_TAG:
   1111             case Collation::PREFIX_TAG:
   1112             case Collation::CONTRACTION_TAG:
   1113                 if(fromBase) {
   1114                     // Defer copying until we know if anyJamoAssigned.
   1115                     ce32 = Collation::FALLBACK_CE32;
   1116                     needToCopyFromBase = TRUE;
   1117                 }
   1118                 break;
   1119             case Collation::IMPLICIT_TAG:
   1120                 // An unassigned Jamo should only occur in tests with incomplete bases.
   1121                 U_ASSERT(fromBase);
   1122                 ce32 = Collation::FALLBACK_CE32;
   1123                 needToCopyFromBase = TRUE;
   1124                 break;
   1125             case Collation::OFFSET_TAG:
   1126                 ce32 = getCE32FromOffsetCE32(fromBase, jamo, ce32);
   1127                 break;
   1128             case Collation::FALLBACK_TAG:
   1129             case Collation::RESERVED_TAG_3:
   1130             case Collation::BUILDER_DATA_TAG:
   1131             case Collation::DIGIT_TAG:
   1132             case Collation::U0000_TAG:
   1133             case Collation::HANGUL_TAG:
   1134             case Collation::LEAD_SURROGATE_TAG:
   1135                 errorCode = U_INTERNAL_PROGRAM_ERROR;
   1136                 return FALSE;
   1137             }
   1138         }
   1139         jamoCE32s[j] = ce32;
   1140     }
   1141     if(anyJamoAssigned && needToCopyFromBase) {
   1142         for(int32_t j = 0; j < CollationData::JAMO_CE32S_LENGTH; ++j) {
   1143             if(jamoCE32s[j] == Collation::FALLBACK_CE32) {
   1144                 UChar32 jamo = jamoCpFromIndex(j);
   1145                 jamoCE32s[j] = copyFromBaseCE32(jamo, base->getCE32(jamo),
   1146                                                 /*withContext=*/ TRUE, errorCode);
   1147             }
   1148         }
   1149     }
   1150     return anyJamoAssigned && U_SUCCESS(errorCode);
   1151 }
   1152 
   1153 void
   1154 CollationDataBuilder::setDigitTags(UErrorCode &errorCode) {
   1155     UnicodeSet digits(UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE("[:Nd:]"), errorCode);
   1156     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return; }
   1157     UnicodeSetIterator iter(digits);
   1158     while(iter.next()) {
   1159         U_ASSERT(!iter.isString());
   1160         UChar32 c = iter.getCodepoint();
   1161         uint32_t ce32 = utrie2_get32(trie, c);
   1162         if(ce32 != Collation::FALLBACK_CE32 && ce32 != Collation::UNASSIGNED_CE32) {
   1163             int32_t index = addCE32(ce32, errorCode);
   1164             if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return; }
   1165             if(index > Collation::MAX_INDEX) {
   1166                 errorCode = U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR;
   1167                 return;
   1168             }
   1169             ce32 = Collation::makeCE32FromTagIndexAndLength(
   1170                     Collation::DIGIT_TAG, index, u_charDigitValue(c));
   1171             utrie2_set32(trie, c, ce32, &errorCode);
   1172         }
   1173     }
   1174 }
   1175 
   1176 U_CDECL_BEGIN
   1177 
   1178 static UBool U_CALLCONV
   1179 enumRangeLeadValue(const void *context, UChar32 /*start*/, UChar32 /*end*/, uint32_t value) {
   1180     int32_t *pValue = (int32_t *)context;
   1181     if(value == Collation::UNASSIGNED_CE32) {
   1182         value = Collation::LEAD_ALL_UNASSIGNED;
   1183     } else if(value == Collation::FALLBACK_CE32) {
   1184         value = Collation::LEAD_ALL_FALLBACK;
   1185     } else {
   1186         *pValue = Collation::LEAD_MIXED;
   1187         return FALSE;
   1188     }
   1189     if(*pValue < 0) {
   1190         *pValue = (int32_t)value;
   1191     } else if(*pValue != (int32_t)value) {
   1192         *pValue = Collation::LEAD_MIXED;
   1193         return FALSE;
   1194     }
   1195     return TRUE;
   1196 }
   1197 
   1198 U_CDECL_END
   1199 
   1200 void
   1201 CollationDataBuilder::setLeadSurrogates(UErrorCode &errorCode) {
   1202     for(UChar lead = 0xd800; lead < 0xdc00; ++lead) {
   1203         int32_t value = -1;
   1204         utrie2_enumForLeadSurrogate(trie, lead, NULL, enumRangeLeadValue, &value);
   1205         utrie2_set32ForLeadSurrogateCodeUnit(
   1206             trie, lead,
   1207             Collation::makeCE32FromTagAndIndex(Collation::LEAD_SURROGATE_TAG, 0) | (uint32_t)value,
   1208             &errorCode);
   1209     }
   1210 }
   1211 
   1212 void
   1213 CollationDataBuilder::build(CollationData &data, UErrorCode &errorCode) {
   1214     buildMappings(data, errorCode);
   1215     if(base != NULL) {
   1216         data.numericPrimary = base->numericPrimary;
   1217         data.compressibleBytes = base->compressibleBytes;
   1218         data.numScripts = base->numScripts;
   1219         data.scriptsIndex = base->scriptsIndex;
   1220         data.scriptStarts = base->scriptStarts;
   1221         data.scriptStartsLength = base->scriptStartsLength;
   1222     }
   1223     buildFastLatinTable(data, errorCode);
   1224 }
   1225 
   1226 void
   1227 CollationDataBuilder::buildMappings(CollationData &data, UErrorCode &errorCode) {
   1228     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return; }
   1229     if(trie == NULL || utrie2_isFrozen(trie)) {
   1230         errorCode = U_INVALID_STATE_ERROR;
   1231         return;
   1232     }
   1233 
   1234     buildContexts(errorCode);
   1235 
   1236     uint32_t jamoCE32s[CollationData::JAMO_CE32S_LENGTH];
   1237     int32_t jamoIndex = -1;
   1238     if(getJamoCE32s(jamoCE32s, errorCode)) {
   1239         jamoIndex = ce32s.size();
   1240         for(int32_t i = 0; i < CollationData::JAMO_CE32S_LENGTH; ++i) {
   1241             ce32s.addElement((int32_t)jamoCE32s[i], errorCode);
   1242         }
   1243         // Small optimization: Use a bit in the Hangul ce32
   1244         // to indicate that none of the Jamo CE32s are isSpecialCE32()
   1245         // (as it should be in the root collator).
   1246         // It allows CollationIterator to avoid recursive function calls and per-Jamo tests.
   1247         // In order to still have good trie compression and keep this code simple,
   1248         // we only set this flag if a whole block of 588 Hangul syllables starting with
   1249         // a common leading consonant (Jamo L) has this property.
   1250         UBool isAnyJamoVTSpecial = FALSE;
   1251         for(int32_t i = Hangul::JAMO_L_COUNT; i < CollationData::JAMO_CE32S_LENGTH; ++i) {
   1252             if(Collation::isSpecialCE32(jamoCE32s[i])) {
   1253                 isAnyJamoVTSpecial = TRUE;
   1254                 break;
   1255             }
   1256         }
   1257         uint32_t hangulCE32 = Collation::makeCE32FromTagAndIndex(Collation::HANGUL_TAG, 0);
   1258         UChar32 c = Hangul::HANGUL_BASE;
   1259         for(int32_t i = 0; i < Hangul::JAMO_L_COUNT; ++i) {  // iterate over the Jamo L
   1260             uint32_t ce32 = hangulCE32;
   1261             if(!isAnyJamoVTSpecial && !Collation::isSpecialCE32(jamoCE32s[i])) {
   1262                 ce32 |= Collation::HANGUL_NO_SPECIAL_JAMO;
   1263             }
   1264             UChar32 limit = c + Hangul::JAMO_VT_COUNT;
   1265             utrie2_setRange32(trie, c, limit - 1, ce32, TRUE, &errorCode);
   1266             c = limit;
   1267         }
   1268     } else {
   1269         // Copy the Hangul CE32s from the base in blocks per Jamo L,
   1270         // assuming that HANGUL_NO_SPECIAL_JAMO is set or not set for whole blocks.
   1271         for(UChar32 c = Hangul::HANGUL_BASE; c < Hangul::HANGUL_LIMIT;) {
   1272             uint32_t ce32 = base->getCE32(c);
   1273             U_ASSERT(Collation::hasCE32Tag(ce32, Collation::HANGUL_TAG));
   1274             UChar32 limit = c + Hangul::JAMO_VT_COUNT;
   1275             utrie2_setRange32(trie, c, limit - 1, ce32, TRUE, &errorCode);
   1276             c = limit;
   1277         }
   1278     }
   1279 
   1280     setDigitTags(errorCode);
   1281     setLeadSurrogates(errorCode);
   1282 
   1283     // For U+0000, move its normal ce32 into CE32s[0] and set U0000_TAG.
   1284     ce32s.setElementAt((int32_t)utrie2_get32(trie, 0), 0);
   1285     utrie2_set32(trie, 0, Collation::makeCE32FromTagAndIndex(Collation::U0000_TAG, 0), &errorCode);
   1286 
   1287     utrie2_freeze(trie, UTRIE2_32_VALUE_BITS, &errorCode);
   1288     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return; }
   1289 
   1290     // Mark each lead surrogate as "unsafe"
   1291     // if any of its 1024 associated supplementary code points is "unsafe".
   1292     UChar32 c = 0x10000;
   1293     for(UChar lead = 0xd800; lead < 0xdc00; ++lead, c += 0x400) {
   1294         if(unsafeBackwardSet.containsSome(c, c + 0x3ff)) {
   1295             unsafeBackwardSet.add(lead);
   1296         }
   1297     }
   1298     unsafeBackwardSet.freeze();
   1299 
   1300     data.trie = trie;
   1301     data.ce32s = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(ce32s.getBuffer());
   1302     data.ces = ce64s.getBuffer();
   1303     data.contexts = contexts.getBuffer();
   1304 
   1305     data.ce32sLength = ce32s.size();
   1306     data.cesLength = ce64s.size();
   1307     data.contextsLength = contexts.length();
   1308 
   1309     data.base = base;
   1310     if(jamoIndex >= 0) {
   1311         data.jamoCE32s = data.ce32s + jamoIndex;
   1312     } else {
   1313         data.jamoCE32s = base->jamoCE32s;
   1314     }
   1315     data.unsafeBackwardSet = &unsafeBackwardSet;
   1316 }
   1317 
   1318 void
   1319 CollationDataBuilder::clearContexts() {
   1320     contexts.remove();
   1321     UnicodeSetIterator iter(contextChars);
   1322     while(iter.next()) {
   1323         U_ASSERT(!iter.isString());
   1324         uint32_t ce32 = utrie2_get32(trie, iter.getCodepoint());
   1325         U_ASSERT(isBuilderContextCE32(ce32));
   1326         getConditionalCE32ForCE32(ce32)->builtCE32 = Collation::NO_CE32;
   1327     }
   1328 }
   1329 
   1330 void
   1331 CollationDataBuilder::buildContexts(UErrorCode &errorCode) {
   1332     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return; }
   1333     // Ignore abandoned lists and the cached builtCE32,
   1334     // and build all contexts from scratch.
   1335     contexts.remove();
   1336     UnicodeSetIterator iter(contextChars);
   1337     while(U_SUCCESS(errorCode) && iter.next()) {
   1338         U_ASSERT(!iter.isString());
   1339         UChar32 c = iter.getCodepoint();
   1340         uint32_t ce32 = utrie2_get32(trie, c);
   1341         if(!isBuilderContextCE32(ce32)) {
   1342             // Impossible: No context data for c in contextChars.
   1343             errorCode = U_INTERNAL_PROGRAM_ERROR;
   1344             return;
   1345         }
   1346         ConditionalCE32 *cond = getConditionalCE32ForCE32(ce32);
   1347         ce32 = buildContext(cond, errorCode);
   1348         utrie2_set32(trie, c, ce32, &errorCode);
   1349     }
   1350 }
   1351 
   1352 uint32_t
   1353 CollationDataBuilder::buildContext(ConditionalCE32 *head, UErrorCode &errorCode) {
   1354     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return 0; }
   1355     // The list head must have no context.
   1356     U_ASSERT(!head->hasContext());
   1357     // The list head must be followed by one or more nodes that all do have context.
   1358     U_ASSERT(head->next >= 0);
   1359     UCharsTrieBuilder prefixBuilder(errorCode);
   1360     UCharsTrieBuilder contractionBuilder(errorCode);
   1361     for(ConditionalCE32 *cond = head;; cond = getConditionalCE32(cond->next)) {
   1362         // After the list head, the prefix or suffix can be empty, but not both.
   1363         U_ASSERT(cond == head || cond->hasContext());
   1364         int32_t prefixLength = cond->prefixLength();
   1365         UnicodeString prefix(cond->context, 0, prefixLength + 1);
   1366         // Collect all contraction suffixes for one prefix.
   1367         ConditionalCE32 *firstCond = cond;
   1368         ConditionalCE32 *lastCond = cond;
   1369         while(cond->next >= 0 &&
   1370                 (cond = getConditionalCE32(cond->next))->context.startsWith(prefix)) {
   1371             lastCond = cond;
   1372         }
   1373         uint32_t ce32;
   1374         int32_t suffixStart = prefixLength + 1;  // == prefix.length()
   1375         if(lastCond->context.length() == suffixStart) {
   1376             // One prefix without contraction suffix.
   1377             U_ASSERT(firstCond == lastCond);
   1378             ce32 = lastCond->ce32;
   1379             cond = lastCond;
   1380         } else {
   1381             // Build the contractions trie.
   1382             contractionBuilder.clear();
   1383             // Entry for an empty suffix, to be stored before the trie.
   1384             uint32_t emptySuffixCE32 = 0;
   1385             uint32_t flags = 0;
   1386             if(firstCond->context.length() == suffixStart) {
   1387                 // There is a mapping for the prefix and the single character c. (p|c)
   1388                 // If no other suffix matches, then we return this value.
   1389                 emptySuffixCE32 = firstCond->ce32;
   1390                 cond = getConditionalCE32(firstCond->next);
   1391             } else {
   1392                 // There is no mapping for the prefix and just the single character.
   1393                 // (There is no p|c, only p|cd, p|ce etc.)
   1394                 flags |= Collation::CONTRACT_SINGLE_CP_NO_MATCH;
   1395                 // When the prefix matches but none of the prefix-specific suffixes,
   1396                 // then we fall back to the mappings with the next-longest prefix,
   1397                 // and ultimately to mappings with no prefix.
   1398                 // Each fallback might be another set of contractions.
   1399                 // For example, if there are mappings for ch, p|cd, p|ce, but not for p|c,
   1400                 // then in text "pch" we find the ch contraction.
   1401                 for(cond = head;; cond = getConditionalCE32(cond->next)) {
   1402                     int32_t length = cond->prefixLength();
   1403                     if(length == prefixLength) { break; }
   1404                     if(cond->defaultCE32 != Collation::NO_CE32 &&
   1405                             (length==0 || prefix.endsWith(cond->context, 1, length))) {
   1406                         emptySuffixCE32 = cond->defaultCE32;
   1407                     }
   1408                 }
   1409                 cond = firstCond;
   1410             }
   1411             // Optimization: Set a flag when
   1412             // the first character of every contraction suffix has lccc!=0.
   1413             // Short-circuits contraction matching when a normal letter follows.
   1414             flags |= Collation::CONTRACT_NEXT_CCC;
   1415             // Add all of the non-empty suffixes into the contraction trie.
   1416             for(;;) {
   1417                 UnicodeString suffix(cond->context, suffixStart);
   1418                 uint16_t fcd16 = nfcImpl.getFCD16(suffix.char32At(0));
   1419                 if(fcd16 <= 0xff) {
   1420                     flags &= ~Collation::CONTRACT_NEXT_CCC;
   1421                 }
   1422                 fcd16 = nfcImpl.getFCD16(suffix.char32At(suffix.length() - 1));
   1423                 if(fcd16 > 0xff) {
   1424                     // The last suffix character has lccc!=0, allowing for discontiguous contractions.
   1425                     flags |= Collation::CONTRACT_TRAILING_CCC;
   1426                 }
   1427                 contractionBuilder.add(suffix, (int32_t)cond->ce32, errorCode);
   1428                 if(cond == lastCond) { break; }
   1429                 cond = getConditionalCE32(cond->next);
   1430             }
   1431             int32_t index = addContextTrie(emptySuffixCE32, contractionBuilder, errorCode);
   1432             if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return 0; }
   1433             if(index > Collation::MAX_INDEX) {
   1434                 errorCode = U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR;
   1435                 return 0;
   1436             }
   1437             ce32 = Collation::makeCE32FromTagAndIndex(Collation::CONTRACTION_TAG, index) | flags;
   1438         }
   1439         U_ASSERT(cond == lastCond);
   1440         firstCond->defaultCE32 = ce32;
   1441         if(prefixLength == 0) {
   1442             if(cond->next < 0) {
   1443                 // No non-empty prefixes, only contractions.
   1444                 return ce32;
   1445             }
   1446         } else {
   1447             prefix.remove(0, 1);  // Remove the length unit.
   1448             prefix.reverse();
   1449             prefixBuilder.add(prefix, (int32_t)ce32, errorCode);
   1450             if(cond->next < 0) { break; }
   1451         }
   1452     }
   1453     U_ASSERT(head->defaultCE32 != Collation::NO_CE32);
   1454     int32_t index = addContextTrie(head->defaultCE32, prefixBuilder, errorCode);
   1455     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return 0; }
   1456     if(index > Collation::MAX_INDEX) {
   1457         errorCode = U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR;
   1458         return 0;
   1459     }
   1460     return Collation::makeCE32FromTagAndIndex(Collation::PREFIX_TAG, index);
   1461 }
   1462 
   1463 int32_t
   1464 CollationDataBuilder::addContextTrie(uint32_t defaultCE32, UCharsTrieBuilder &trieBuilder,
   1465                                      UErrorCode &errorCode) {
   1466     UnicodeString context;
   1467     context.append((UChar)(defaultCE32 >> 16)).append((UChar)defaultCE32);
   1468     UnicodeString trieString;
   1469     context.append(trieBuilder.buildUnicodeString(USTRINGTRIE_BUILD_SMALL, trieString, errorCode));
   1470     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return -1; }
   1471     int32_t index = contexts.indexOf(context);
   1472     if(index < 0) {
   1473         index = contexts.length();
   1474         contexts.append(context);
   1475     }
   1476     return index;
   1477 }
   1478 
   1479 void
   1480 CollationDataBuilder::buildFastLatinTable(CollationData &data, UErrorCode &errorCode) {
   1481     if(U_FAILURE(errorCode) || !fastLatinEnabled) { return; }
   1482 
   1483     delete fastLatinBuilder;
   1484     fastLatinBuilder = new CollationFastLatinBuilder(errorCode);
   1485     if(fastLatinBuilder == NULL) {
   1486         errorCode = U_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_ERROR;
   1487         return;
   1488     }
   1489     if(fastLatinBuilder->forData(data, errorCode)) {
   1490         const uint16_t *table = fastLatinBuilder->getTable();
   1491         int32_t length = fastLatinBuilder->lengthOfTable();
   1492         if(base != NULL && length == base->fastLatinTableLength &&
   1493                 uprv_memcmp(table, base->fastLatinTable, length * 2) == 0) {
   1494             // Same fast Latin table as in the base, use that one instead.
   1495             delete fastLatinBuilder;
   1496             fastLatinBuilder = NULL;
   1497             table = base->fastLatinTable;
   1498         }
   1499         data.fastLatinTable = table;
   1500         data.fastLatinTableLength = length;
   1501     } else {
   1502         delete fastLatinBuilder;
   1503         fastLatinBuilder = NULL;
   1504     }
   1505 }
   1506 
   1507 int32_t
   1508 CollationDataBuilder::getCEs(const UnicodeString &s, int64_t ces[], int32_t cesLength) {
   1509     return getCEs(s, 0, ces, cesLength);
   1510 }
   1511 
   1512 int32_t
   1513 CollationDataBuilder::getCEs(const UnicodeString &prefix, const UnicodeString &s,
   1514                              int64_t ces[], int32_t cesLength) {
   1515     int32_t prefixLength = prefix.length();
   1516     if(prefixLength == 0) {
   1517         return getCEs(s, 0, ces, cesLength);
   1518     } else {
   1519         return getCEs(prefix + s, prefixLength, ces, cesLength);
   1520     }
   1521 }
   1522 
   1523 int32_t
   1524 CollationDataBuilder::getCEs(const UnicodeString &s, int32_t start,
   1525                              int64_t ces[], int32_t cesLength) {
   1526     if(collIter == NULL) {
   1527         collIter = new DataBuilderCollationIterator(*this);
   1528         if(collIter == NULL) { return 0; }
   1529     }
   1530     return collIter->fetchCEs(s, start, ces, cesLength);
   1531 }
   1532 
   1533 U_NAMESPACE_END
   1534 
   1535 #endif  // !UCONFIG_NO_COLLATION
   1536