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      1 /*
      2  * xusb: Generic USB test program
      3  * Copyright  2009-2012 Pete Batard <pete (at) akeo.ie>
      4  * Contributions to Mass Storage by Alan Stern.
      5  *
      6  * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
      7  * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
      8  * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
      9  * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
     10  *
     11  * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
     12  * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     13  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
     14  * Lesser General Public License for more details.
     15  *
     16  * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
     17  * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
     18  * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
     19  */
     20 
     21 #include <stdio.h>
     22 #include <stdint.h>
     23 #include <stdlib.h>
     24 #include <string.h>
     25 #include <stdarg.h>
     26 
     27 #include "libusb.h"
     28 
     29 #if defined(_WIN32)
     30 #define msleep(msecs) Sleep(msecs)
     31 #else
     32 #include <time.h>
     33 #define msleep(msecs) nanosleep(&(struct timespec){msecs / 1000, (msecs * 1000000) % 1000000000UL}, NULL);
     34 #endif
     35 
     36 #if defined(_MSC_VER)
     37 #define snprintf _snprintf
     38 #define putenv _putenv
     39 #endif
     40 
     41 #if !defined(bool)
     42 #define bool int
     43 #endif
     44 #if !defined(true)
     45 #define true (1 == 1)
     46 #endif
     47 #if !defined(false)
     48 #define false (!true)
     49 #endif
     50 
     51 // Future versions of libusb will use usb_interface instead of interface
     52 // in libusb_config_descriptor => catter for that
     53 #define usb_interface interface
     54 
     55 // Global variables
     56 static bool binary_dump = false;
     57 static bool extra_info = false;
     58 static bool force_device_request = false;	// For WCID descriptor queries
     59 static const char* binary_name = NULL;
     60 
     61 static int perr(char const *format, ...)
     62 {
     63 	va_list args;
     64 	int r;
     65 
     66 	va_start (args, format);
     67 	r = vfprintf(stderr, format, args);
     68 	va_end(args);
     69 
     70 	return r;
     71 }
     72 
     73 #define ERR_EXIT(errcode) do { perr("   %s\n", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)errcode)); return -1; } while (0)
     74 #define CALL_CHECK(fcall) do { r=fcall; if (r < 0) ERR_EXIT(r); } while (0);
     75 #define B(x) (((x)!=0)?1:0)
     76 #define be_to_int32(buf) (((buf)[0]<<24)|((buf)[1]<<16)|((buf)[2]<<8)|(buf)[3])
     77 
     78 #define RETRY_MAX                     5
     79 #define REQUEST_SENSE_LENGTH          0x12
     80 #define INQUIRY_LENGTH                0x24
     81 #define READ_CAPACITY_LENGTH          0x08
     82 
     83 // HID Class-Specific Requests values. See section 7.2 of the HID specifications
     84 #define HID_GET_REPORT                0x01
     85 #define HID_GET_IDLE                  0x02
     86 #define HID_GET_PROTOCOL              0x03
     87 #define HID_SET_REPORT                0x09
     88 #define HID_SET_IDLE                  0x0A
     89 #define HID_SET_PROTOCOL              0x0B
     90 #define HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT         0x01
     91 #define HID_REPORT_TYPE_OUTPUT        0x02
     92 #define HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE       0x03
     93 
     94 // Mass Storage Requests values. See section 3 of the Bulk-Only Mass Storage Class specifications
     95 #define BOMS_RESET                    0xFF
     96 #define BOMS_GET_MAX_LUN              0xFE
     97 
     98 // Section 5.1: Command Block Wrapper (CBW)
     99 struct command_block_wrapper {
    100 	uint8_t dCBWSignature[4];
    101 	uint32_t dCBWTag;
    102 	uint32_t dCBWDataTransferLength;
    103 	uint8_t bmCBWFlags;
    104 	uint8_t bCBWLUN;
    105 	uint8_t bCBWCBLength;
    106 	uint8_t CBWCB[16];
    107 };
    108 
    109 // Section 5.2: Command Status Wrapper (CSW)
    110 struct command_status_wrapper {
    111 	uint8_t dCSWSignature[4];
    112 	uint32_t dCSWTag;
    113 	uint32_t dCSWDataResidue;
    114 	uint8_t bCSWStatus;
    115 };
    116 
    117 static uint8_t cdb_length[256] = {
    118 //	 0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  A  B  C  D  E  F
    119 	06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,  //  0
    120 	06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,06,  //  1
    121 	10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,  //  2
    122 	10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,  //  3
    123 	10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,  //  4
    124 	10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,  //  5
    125 	00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,  //  6
    126 	00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,  //  7
    127 	16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,  //  8
    128 	16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,  //  9
    129 	12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,  //  A
    130 	12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12,  //  B
    131 	00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,  //  C
    132 	00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,  //  D
    133 	00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,  //  E
    134 	00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,00,  //  F
    135 };
    136 
    137 static enum test_type {
    138 	USE_GENERIC,
    139 	USE_PS3,
    140 	USE_XBOX,
    141 	USE_SCSI,
    142 	USE_HID,
    143 } test_mode;
    144 static uint16_t VID, PID;
    145 
    146 static void display_buffer_hex(unsigned char *buffer, unsigned size)
    147 {
    148 	unsigned i, j, k;
    149 
    150 	for (i=0; i<size; i+=16) {
    151 		printf("\n  %08x  ", i);
    152 		for(j=0,k=0; k<16; j++,k++) {
    153 			if (i+j < size) {
    154 				printf("%02x", buffer[i+j]);
    155 			} else {
    156 				printf("  ");
    157 			}
    158 			printf(" ");
    159 		}
    160 		printf(" ");
    161 		for(j=0,k=0; k<16; j++,k++) {
    162 			if (i+j < size) {
    163 				if ((buffer[i+j] < 32) || (buffer[i+j] > 126)) {
    164 					printf(".");
    165 				} else {
    166 					printf("%c", buffer[i+j]);
    167 				}
    168 			}
    169 		}
    170 	}
    171 	printf("\n" );
    172 }
    173 
    174 static char* uuid_to_string(const uint8_t* uuid)
    175 {
    176 	static char uuid_string[40];
    177 	if (uuid == NULL) return NULL;
    178 	sprintf(uuid_string, "{%02x%02x%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x}",
    179 		uuid[0], uuid[1], uuid[2], uuid[3], uuid[4], uuid[5], uuid[6], uuid[7],
    180 		uuid[8], uuid[9], uuid[10], uuid[11], uuid[12], uuid[13], uuid[14], uuid[15]);
    181 	return uuid_string;
    182 }
    183 
    184 // The PS3 Controller is really a HID device that got its HID Report Descriptors
    185 // removed by Sony
    186 static int display_ps3_status(libusb_device_handle *handle)
    187 {
    188 	int r;
    189 	uint8_t input_report[49];
    190 	uint8_t master_bt_address[8];
    191 	uint8_t device_bt_address[18];
    192 
    193 	// Get the controller's bluetooth address of its master device
    194 	CALL_CHECK(libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
    195 		HID_GET_REPORT, 0x03f5, 0, master_bt_address, sizeof(master_bt_address), 100));
    196 	printf("\nMaster's bluetooth address: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X\n", master_bt_address[2], master_bt_address[3],
    197 		master_bt_address[4], master_bt_address[5], master_bt_address[6], master_bt_address[7]);
    198 
    199 	// Get the controller's bluetooth address
    200 	CALL_CHECK(libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
    201 		HID_GET_REPORT, 0x03f2, 0, device_bt_address, sizeof(device_bt_address), 100));
    202 	printf("\nMaster's bluetooth address: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X\n", device_bt_address[4], device_bt_address[5],
    203 		device_bt_address[6], device_bt_address[7], device_bt_address[8], device_bt_address[9]);
    204 
    205 	// Get the status of the controller's buttons via its HID report
    206 	printf("\nReading PS3 Input Report...\n");
    207 	CALL_CHECK(libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
    208 		HID_GET_REPORT, (HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT<<8)|0x01, 0, input_report, sizeof(input_report), 1000));
    209 	switch(input_report[2]){	/** Direction pad plus start, select, and joystick buttons */
    210 		case 0x01:
    211 			printf("\tSELECT pressed\n");
    212 			break;
    213 		case 0x02:
    214 			printf("\tLEFT 3 pressed\n");
    215 			break;
    216 		case 0x04:
    217 			printf("\tRIGHT 3 pressed\n");
    218 			break;
    219 		case 0x08:
    220 			printf("\tSTART presed\n");
    221 			break;
    222 		case 0x10:
    223 			printf("\tUP pressed\n");
    224 			break;
    225 		case 0x20:
    226 			printf("\tRIGHT pressed\n");
    227 			break;
    228 		case 0x40:
    229 			printf("\tDOWN pressed\n");
    230 			break;
    231 		case 0x80:
    232 			printf("\tLEFT pressed\n");
    233 			break;
    234 	}
    235 	switch(input_report[3]){	/** Shapes plus top right and left buttons */
    236 		case 0x01:
    237 			printf("\tLEFT 2 pressed\n");
    238 			break;
    239 		case 0x02:
    240 			printf("\tRIGHT 2 pressed\n");
    241 			break;
    242 		case 0x04:
    243 			printf("\tLEFT 1 pressed\n");
    244 			break;
    245 		case 0x08:
    246 			printf("\tRIGHT 1 presed\n");
    247 			break;
    248 		case 0x10:
    249 			printf("\tTRIANGLE pressed\n");
    250 			break;
    251 		case 0x20:
    252 			printf("\tCIRCLE pressed\n");
    253 			break;
    254 		case 0x40:
    255 			printf("\tCROSS pressed\n");
    256 			break;
    257 		case 0x80:
    258 			printf("\tSQUARE pressed\n");
    259 			break;
    260 	}
    261 	printf("\tPS button: %d\n", input_report[4]);
    262 	printf("\tLeft Analog (X,Y): (%d,%d)\n", input_report[6], input_report[7]);
    263 	printf("\tRight Analog (X,Y): (%d,%d)\n", input_report[8], input_report[9]);
    264 	printf("\tL2 Value: %d\tR2 Value: %d\n", input_report[18], input_report[19]);
    265 	printf("\tL1 Value: %d\tR1 Value: %d\n", input_report[20], input_report[21]);
    266 	printf("\tRoll (x axis): %d Yaw (y axis): %d Pitch (z axis) %d\n",
    267 			//(((input_report[42] + 128) % 256) - 128),
    268 			(int8_t)(input_report[42]),
    269 			(int8_t)(input_report[44]),
    270 			(int8_t)(input_report[46]));
    271 	printf("\tAcceleration: %d\n\n", (int8_t)(input_report[48]));
    272 	return 0;
    273 }
    274 // The XBOX Controller is really a HID device that got its HID Report Descriptors
    275 // removed by Microsoft.
    276 // Input/Output reports described at http://euc.jp/periphs/xbox-controller.ja.html
    277 static int display_xbox_status(libusb_device_handle *handle)
    278 {
    279 	int r;
    280 	uint8_t input_report[20];
    281 	printf("\nReading XBox Input Report...\n");
    282 	CALL_CHECK(libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
    283 		HID_GET_REPORT, (HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT<<8)|0x00, 0, input_report, 20, 1000));
    284 	printf("   D-pad: %02X\n", input_report[2]&0x0F);
    285 	printf("   Start:%d, Back:%d, Left Stick Press:%d, Right Stick Press:%d\n", B(input_report[2]&0x10), B(input_report[2]&0x20),
    286 		B(input_report[2]&0x40), B(input_report[2]&0x80));
    287 	// A, B, X, Y, Black, White are pressure sensitive
    288 	printf("   A:%d, B:%d, X:%d, Y:%d, White:%d, Black:%d\n", input_report[4], input_report[5],
    289 		input_report[6], input_report[7], input_report[9], input_report[8]);
    290 	printf("   Left Trigger: %d, Right Trigger: %d\n", input_report[10], input_report[11]);
    291 	printf("   Left Analog (X,Y): (%d,%d)\n", (int16_t)((input_report[13]<<8)|input_report[12]),
    292 		(int16_t)((input_report[15]<<8)|input_report[14]));
    293 	printf("   Right Analog (X,Y): (%d,%d)\n", (int16_t)((input_report[17]<<8)|input_report[16]),
    294 		(int16_t)((input_report[19]<<8)|input_report[18]));
    295 	return 0;
    296 }
    297 
    298 static int set_xbox_actuators(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t left, uint8_t right)
    299 {
    300 	int r;
    301 	uint8_t output_report[6];
    302 
    303 	printf("\nWriting XBox Controller Output Report...\n");
    304 
    305 	memset(output_report, 0, sizeof(output_report));
    306 	output_report[1] = sizeof(output_report);
    307 	output_report[3] = left;
    308 	output_report[5] = right;
    309 
    310 	CALL_CHECK(libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_OUT|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
    311 		HID_SET_REPORT, (HID_REPORT_TYPE_OUTPUT<<8)|0x00, 0, output_report, 06, 1000));
    312 	return 0;
    313 }
    314 
    315 static int send_mass_storage_command(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t endpoint, uint8_t lun,
    316 	uint8_t *cdb, uint8_t direction, int data_length, uint32_t *ret_tag)
    317 {
    318 	static uint32_t tag = 1;
    319 	uint8_t cdb_len;
    320 	int i, r, size;
    321 	struct command_block_wrapper cbw;
    322 
    323 	if (cdb == NULL) {
    324 		return -1;
    325 	}
    326 
    327 	if (endpoint & LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN) {
    328 		perr("send_mass_storage_command: cannot send command on IN endpoint\n");
    329 		return -1;
    330 	}
    331 
    332 	cdb_len = cdb_length[cdb[0]];
    333 	if ((cdb_len == 0) || (cdb_len > sizeof(cbw.CBWCB))) {
    334 		perr("send_mass_storage_command: don't know how to handle this command (%02X, length %d)\n",
    335 			cdb[0], cdb_len);
    336 		return -1;
    337 	}
    338 
    339 	memset(&cbw, 0, sizeof(cbw));
    340 	cbw.dCBWSignature[0] = 'U';
    341 	cbw.dCBWSignature[1] = 'S';
    342 	cbw.dCBWSignature[2] = 'B';
    343 	cbw.dCBWSignature[3] = 'C';
    344 	*ret_tag = tag;
    345 	cbw.dCBWTag = tag++;
    346 	cbw.dCBWDataTransferLength = data_length;
    347 	cbw.bmCBWFlags = direction;
    348 	cbw.bCBWLUN = lun;
    349 	// Subclass is 1 or 6 => cdb_len
    350 	cbw.bCBWCBLength = cdb_len;
    351 	memcpy(cbw.CBWCB, cdb, cdb_len);
    352 
    353 	i = 0;
    354 	do {
    355 		// The transfer length must always be exactly 31 bytes.
    356 		r = libusb_bulk_transfer(handle, endpoint, (unsigned char*)&cbw, 31, &size, 1000);
    357 		if (r == LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE) {
    358 			libusb_clear_halt(handle, endpoint);
    359 		}
    360 		i++;
    361 	} while ((r == LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE) && (i<RETRY_MAX));
    362 	if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
    363 		perr("   send_mass_storage_command: %s\n", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
    364 		return -1;
    365 	}
    366 
    367 	printf("   sent %d CDB bytes\n", cdb_len);
    368 	return 0;
    369 }
    370 
    371 static int get_mass_storage_status(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t endpoint, uint32_t expected_tag)
    372 {
    373 	int i, r, size;
    374 	struct command_status_wrapper csw;
    375 
    376 	// The device is allowed to STALL this transfer. If it does, you have to
    377 	// clear the stall and try again.
    378 	i = 0;
    379 	do {
    380 		r = libusb_bulk_transfer(handle, endpoint, (unsigned char*)&csw, 13, &size, 1000);
    381 		if (r == LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE) {
    382 			libusb_clear_halt(handle, endpoint);
    383 		}
    384 		i++;
    385 	} while ((r == LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE) && (i<RETRY_MAX));
    386 	if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
    387 		perr("   get_mass_storage_status: %s\n", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
    388 		return -1;
    389 	}
    390 	if (size != 13) {
    391 		perr("   get_mass_storage_status: received %d bytes (expected 13)\n", size);
    392 		return -1;
    393 	}
    394 	if (csw.dCSWTag != expected_tag) {
    395 		perr("   get_mass_storage_status: mismatched tags (expected %08X, received %08X)\n",
    396 			expected_tag, csw.dCSWTag);
    397 		return -1;
    398 	}
    399 	// For this test, we ignore the dCSWSignature check for validity...
    400 	printf("   Mass Storage Status: %02X (%s)\n", csw.bCSWStatus, csw.bCSWStatus?"FAILED":"Success");
    401 	if (csw.dCSWTag != expected_tag)
    402 		return -1;
    403 	if (csw.bCSWStatus) {
    404 		// REQUEST SENSE is appropriate only if bCSWStatus is 1, meaning that the
    405 		// command failed somehow.  Larger values (2 in particular) mean that
    406 		// the command couldn't be understood.
    407 		if (csw.bCSWStatus == 1)
    408 			return -2;	// request Get Sense
    409 		else
    410 			return -1;
    411 	}
    412 
    413 	// In theory we also should check dCSWDataResidue.  But lots of devices
    414 	// set it wrongly.
    415 	return 0;
    416 }
    417 
    418 static void get_sense(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t endpoint_in, uint8_t endpoint_out)
    419 {
    420 	uint8_t cdb[16];	// SCSI Command Descriptor Block
    421 	uint8_t sense[18];
    422 	uint32_t expected_tag;
    423 	int size;
    424 	int rc;
    425 
    426 	// Request Sense
    427 	printf("Request Sense:\n");
    428 	memset(sense, 0, sizeof(sense));
    429 	memset(cdb, 0, sizeof(cdb));
    430 	cdb[0] = 0x03;	// Request Sense
    431 	cdb[4] = REQUEST_SENSE_LENGTH;
    432 
    433 	send_mass_storage_command(handle, endpoint_out, 0, cdb, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN, REQUEST_SENSE_LENGTH, &expected_tag);
    434 	rc = libusb_bulk_transfer(handle, endpoint_in, (unsigned char*)&sense, REQUEST_SENSE_LENGTH, &size, 1000);
    435 	if (rc < 0)
    436 	{
    437 		printf("libusb_bulk_transfer failed: %s\n", libusb_error_name(rc));
    438 		return;
    439 	}
    440 	printf("   received %d bytes\n", size);
    441 
    442 	if ((sense[0] != 0x70) && (sense[0] != 0x71)) {
    443 		perr("   ERROR No sense data\n");
    444 	} else {
    445 		perr("   ERROR Sense: %02X %02X %02X\n", sense[2]&0x0F, sense[12], sense[13]);
    446 	}
    447 	// Strictly speaking, the get_mass_storage_status() call should come
    448 	// before these perr() lines.  If the status is nonzero then we must
    449 	// assume there's no data in the buffer.  For xusb it doesn't matter.
    450 	get_mass_storage_status(handle, endpoint_in, expected_tag);
    451 }
    452 
    453 // Mass Storage device to test bulk transfers (non destructive test)
    454 static int test_mass_storage(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t endpoint_in, uint8_t endpoint_out)
    455 {
    456 	int r, size;
    457 	uint8_t lun;
    458 	uint32_t expected_tag;
    459 	uint32_t i, max_lba, block_size;
    460 	double device_size;
    461 	uint8_t cdb[16];	// SCSI Command Descriptor Block
    462 	uint8_t buffer[64];
    463 	char vid[9], pid[9], rev[5];
    464 	unsigned char *data;
    465 	FILE *fd;
    466 
    467 	printf("Reading Max LUN:\n");
    468 	r = libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
    469 		BOMS_GET_MAX_LUN, 0, 0, &lun, 1, 1000);
    470 	// Some devices send a STALL instead of the actual value.
    471 	// In such cases we should set lun to 0.
    472 	if (r == 0) {
    473 		lun = 0;
    474 	} else if (r < 0) {
    475 		perr("   Failed: %s", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
    476 	}
    477 	printf("   Max LUN = %d\n", lun);
    478 
    479 	// Send Inquiry
    480 	printf("Sending Inquiry:\n");
    481 	memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
    482 	memset(cdb, 0, sizeof(cdb));
    483 	cdb[0] = 0x12;	// Inquiry
    484 	cdb[4] = INQUIRY_LENGTH;
    485 
    486 	send_mass_storage_command(handle, endpoint_out, lun, cdb, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN, INQUIRY_LENGTH, &expected_tag);
    487 	CALL_CHECK(libusb_bulk_transfer(handle, endpoint_in, (unsigned char*)&buffer, INQUIRY_LENGTH, &size, 1000));
    488 	printf("   received %d bytes\n", size);
    489 	// The following strings are not zero terminated
    490 	for (i=0; i<8; i++) {
    491 		vid[i] = buffer[8+i];
    492 		pid[i] = buffer[16+i];
    493 		rev[i/2] = buffer[32+i/2];	// instead of another loop
    494 	}
    495 	vid[8] = 0;
    496 	pid[8] = 0;
    497 	rev[4] = 0;
    498 	printf("   VID:PID:REV \"%8s\":\"%8s\":\"%4s\"\n", vid, pid, rev);
    499 	if (get_mass_storage_status(handle, endpoint_in, expected_tag) == -2) {
    500 		get_sense(handle, endpoint_in, endpoint_out);
    501 	}
    502 
    503 	// Read capacity
    504 	printf("Reading Capacity:\n");
    505 	memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
    506 	memset(cdb, 0, sizeof(cdb));
    507 	cdb[0] = 0x25;	// Read Capacity
    508 
    509 	send_mass_storage_command(handle, endpoint_out, lun, cdb, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN, READ_CAPACITY_LENGTH, &expected_tag);
    510 	CALL_CHECK(libusb_bulk_transfer(handle, endpoint_in, (unsigned char*)&buffer, READ_CAPACITY_LENGTH, &size, 1000));
    511 	printf("   received %d bytes\n", size);
    512 	max_lba = be_to_int32(&buffer[0]);
    513 	block_size = be_to_int32(&buffer[4]);
    514 	device_size = ((double)(max_lba+1))*block_size/(1024*1024*1024);
    515 	printf("   Max LBA: %08X, Block Size: %08X (%.2f GB)\n", max_lba, block_size, device_size);
    516 	if (get_mass_storage_status(handle, endpoint_in, expected_tag) == -2) {
    517 		get_sense(handle, endpoint_in, endpoint_out);
    518 	}
    519 
    520 	// coverity[tainted_data]
    521 	data = (unsigned char*) calloc(1, block_size);
    522 	if (data == NULL) {
    523 		perr("   unable to allocate data buffer\n");
    524 		return -1;
    525 	}
    526 
    527 	// Send Read
    528 	printf("Attempting to read %d bytes:\n", block_size);
    529 	memset(cdb, 0, sizeof(cdb));
    530 
    531 	cdb[0] = 0x28;	// Read(10)
    532 	cdb[8] = 0x01;	// 1 block
    533 
    534 	send_mass_storage_command(handle, endpoint_out, lun, cdb, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN, block_size, &expected_tag);
    535 	libusb_bulk_transfer(handle, endpoint_in, data, block_size, &size, 5000);
    536 	printf("   READ: received %d bytes\n", size);
    537 	if (get_mass_storage_status(handle, endpoint_in, expected_tag) == -2) {
    538 		get_sense(handle, endpoint_in, endpoint_out);
    539 	} else {
    540 		display_buffer_hex(data, size);
    541 		if ((binary_dump) && ((fd = fopen(binary_name, "w")) != NULL)) {
    542 			if (fwrite(data, 1, (size_t)size, fd) != (unsigned int)size) {
    543 				perr("   unable to write binary data\n");
    544 			}
    545 			fclose(fd);
    546 		}
    547 	}
    548 	free(data);
    549 
    550 	return 0;
    551 }
    552 
    553 // HID
    554 static int get_hid_record_size(uint8_t *hid_report_descriptor, int size, int type)
    555 {
    556 	uint8_t i, j = 0;
    557 	uint8_t offset;
    558 	int record_size[3] = {0, 0, 0};
    559 	int nb_bits = 0, nb_items = 0;
    560 	bool found_record_marker;
    561 
    562 	found_record_marker = false;
    563 	for (i = hid_report_descriptor[0]+1; i < size; i += offset) {
    564 		offset = (hid_report_descriptor[i]&0x03) + 1;
    565 		if (offset == 4)
    566 			offset = 5;
    567 		switch (hid_report_descriptor[i] & 0xFC) {
    568 		case 0x74:	// bitsize
    569 			nb_bits = hid_report_descriptor[i+1];
    570 			break;
    571 		case 0x94:	// count
    572 			nb_items = 0;
    573 			for (j=1; j<offset; j++) {
    574 				nb_items = ((uint32_t)hid_report_descriptor[i+j]) << (8*(j-1));
    575 			}
    576 			break;
    577 		case 0x80:	// input
    578 			found_record_marker = true;
    579 			j = 0;
    580 			break;
    581 		case 0x90:	// output
    582 			found_record_marker = true;
    583 			j = 1;
    584 			break;
    585 		case 0xb0:	// feature
    586 			found_record_marker = true;
    587 			j = 2;
    588 			break;
    589 		case 0xC0:	// end of collection
    590 			nb_items = 0;
    591 			nb_bits = 0;
    592 			break;
    593 		default:
    594 			continue;
    595 		}
    596 		if (found_record_marker) {
    597 			found_record_marker = false;
    598 			record_size[j] += nb_items*nb_bits;
    599 		}
    600 	}
    601 	if ((type < HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT) || (type > HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE)) {
    602 		return 0;
    603 	} else {
    604 		return (record_size[type - HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT]+7)/8;
    605 	}
    606 }
    607 
    608 static int test_hid(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t endpoint_in)
    609 {
    610 	int r, size, descriptor_size;
    611 	uint8_t hid_report_descriptor[256];
    612 	uint8_t *report_buffer;
    613 	FILE *fd;
    614 
    615 	printf("\nReading HID Report Descriptors:\n");
    616 	descriptor_size = libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_STANDARD|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
    617 		LIBUSB_REQUEST_GET_DESCRIPTOR, LIBUSB_DT_REPORT<<8, 0, hid_report_descriptor, sizeof(hid_report_descriptor), 1000);
    618 	if (descriptor_size < 0) {
    619 		printf("   Failed\n");
    620 		return -1;
    621 	}
    622 	display_buffer_hex(hid_report_descriptor, descriptor_size);
    623 	if ((binary_dump) && ((fd = fopen(binary_name, "w")) != NULL)) {
    624 		if (fwrite(hid_report_descriptor, 1, descriptor_size, fd) != descriptor_size) {
    625 			printf("   Error writing descriptor to file\n");
    626 		}
    627 		fclose(fd);
    628 	}
    629 
    630 	size = get_hid_record_size(hid_report_descriptor, descriptor_size, HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE);
    631 	if (size <= 0) {
    632 		printf("\nSkipping Feature Report readout (None detected)\n");
    633 	} else {
    634 		report_buffer = (uint8_t*) calloc(size, 1);
    635 		if (report_buffer == NULL) {
    636 			return -1;
    637 		}
    638 
    639 		printf("\nReading Feature Report (length %d)...\n", size);
    640 		r = libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
    641 			HID_GET_REPORT, (HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE<<8)|0, 0, report_buffer, (uint16_t)size, 5000);
    642 		if (r >= 0) {
    643 			display_buffer_hex(report_buffer, size);
    644 		} else {
    645 			switch(r) {
    646 			case LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND:
    647 				printf("   No Feature Report available for this device\n");
    648 				break;
    649 			case LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE:
    650 				printf("   Detected stall - resetting pipe...\n");
    651 				libusb_clear_halt(handle, 0);
    652 				break;
    653 			default:
    654 				printf("   Error: %s\n", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
    655 				break;
    656 			}
    657 		}
    658 		free(report_buffer);
    659 	}
    660 
    661 	size = get_hid_record_size(hid_report_descriptor, descriptor_size, HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT);
    662 	if (size <= 0) {
    663 		printf("\nSkipping Input Report readout (None detected)\n");
    664 	} else {
    665 		report_buffer = (uint8_t*) calloc(size, 1);
    666 		if (report_buffer == NULL) {
    667 			return -1;
    668 		}
    669 
    670 		printf("\nReading Input Report (length %d)...\n", size);
    671 		r = libusb_control_transfer(handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS|LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE,
    672 			HID_GET_REPORT, (HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT<<8)|0x00, 0, report_buffer, (uint16_t)size, 5000);
    673 		if (r >= 0) {
    674 			display_buffer_hex(report_buffer, size);
    675 		} else {
    676 			switch(r) {
    677 			case LIBUSB_ERROR_TIMEOUT:
    678 				printf("   Timeout! Please make sure you act on the device within the 5 seconds allocated...\n");
    679 				break;
    680 			case LIBUSB_ERROR_PIPE:
    681 				printf("   Detected stall - resetting pipe...\n");
    682 				libusb_clear_halt(handle, 0);
    683 				break;
    684 			default:
    685 				printf("   Error: %s\n", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
    686 				break;
    687 			}
    688 		}
    689 
    690 		// Attempt a bulk read from endpoint 0 (this should just return a raw input report)
    691 		printf("\nTesting interrupt read using endpoint %02X...\n", endpoint_in);
    692 		r = libusb_interrupt_transfer(handle, endpoint_in, report_buffer, size, &size, 5000);
    693 		if (r >= 0) {
    694 			display_buffer_hex(report_buffer, size);
    695 		} else {
    696 			printf("   %s\n", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
    697 		}
    698 
    699 		free(report_buffer);
    700 	}
    701 	return 0;
    702 }
    703 
    704 // Read the MS WinUSB Feature Descriptors, that are used on Windows 8 for automated driver installation
    705 static void read_ms_winsub_feature_descriptors(libusb_device_handle *handle, uint8_t bRequest, int iface_number)
    706 {
    707 #define MAX_OS_FD_LENGTH 256
    708 	int i, r;
    709 	uint8_t os_desc[MAX_OS_FD_LENGTH];
    710 	uint32_t length;
    711 	void* le_type_punning_IS_fine;
    712 	struct {
    713 		const char* desc;
    714 		uint8_t recipient;
    715 		uint16_t index;
    716 		uint16_t header_size;
    717 	} os_fd[2] = {
    718 		{"Extended Compat ID", LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_DEVICE, 0x0004, 0x10},
    719 		{"Extended Properties", LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE, 0x0005, 0x0A}
    720 	};
    721 
    722 	if (iface_number < 0) return;
    723 	// WinUSB has a limitation that forces wIndex to the interface number when issuing
    724 	// an Interface Request. To work around that, we can force a Device Request for
    725 	// the Extended Properties, assuming the device answers both equally.
    726 	if (force_device_request)
    727 		os_fd[1].recipient = LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_DEVICE;
    728 
    729 	for (i=0; i<2; i++) {
    730 		printf("\nReading %s OS Feature Descriptor (wIndex = 0x%04d):\n", os_fd[i].desc, os_fd[i].index);
    731 
    732 		// Read the header part
    733 		r = libusb_control_transfer(handle, (uint8_t)(LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_VENDOR|os_fd[i].recipient),
    734 			bRequest, (uint16_t)(((iface_number)<< 8)|0x00), os_fd[i].index, os_desc, os_fd[i].header_size, 1000);
    735 		if (r < os_fd[i].header_size) {
    736 			perr("   Failed: %s", (r<0)?libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r):"header size is too small");
    737 			return;
    738 		}
    739 		le_type_punning_IS_fine = (void*)os_desc;
    740 		length = *((uint32_t*)le_type_punning_IS_fine);
    741 		if (length > MAX_OS_FD_LENGTH) {
    742 			length = MAX_OS_FD_LENGTH;
    743 		}
    744 
    745 		// Read the full feature descriptor
    746 		r = libusb_control_transfer(handle, (uint8_t)(LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN|LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_VENDOR|os_fd[i].recipient),
    747 			bRequest, (uint16_t)(((iface_number)<< 8)|0x00), os_fd[i].index, os_desc, (uint16_t)length, 1000);
    748 		if (r < 0) {
    749 			perr("   Failed: %s", libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
    750 			return;
    751 		} else {
    752 			display_buffer_hex(os_desc, r);
    753 		}
    754 	}
    755 }
    756 
    757 static void print_device_cap(struct libusb_bos_dev_capability_descriptor *dev_cap)
    758 {
    759 	switch(dev_cap->bDevCapabilityType) {
    760 	case LIBUSB_BT_USB_2_0_EXTENSION: {
    761 		struct libusb_usb_2_0_extension_descriptor *usb_2_0_ext = NULL;
    762 		libusb_get_usb_2_0_extension_descriptor(NULL, dev_cap, &usb_2_0_ext);
    763 		if (usb_2_0_ext) {
    764 			printf("    USB 2.0 extension:\n");
    765 			printf("      attributes             : %02X\n", usb_2_0_ext->bmAttributes);
    766 			libusb_free_usb_2_0_extension_descriptor(usb_2_0_ext);
    767 		}
    768 		break;
    769 	}
    770 	case LIBUSB_BT_SS_USB_DEVICE_CAPABILITY: {
    771 		struct libusb_ss_usb_device_capability_descriptor *ss_usb_device_cap = NULL;
    772 		libusb_get_ss_usb_device_capability_descriptor(NULL, dev_cap, &ss_usb_device_cap);
    773 		if (ss_usb_device_cap) {
    774 			printf("    USB 3.0 capabilities:\n");
    775 			printf("      attributes             : %02X\n", ss_usb_device_cap->bmAttributes);
    776 			printf("      supported speeds       : %04X\n", ss_usb_device_cap->wSpeedSupported);
    777 			printf("      supported functionality: %02X\n", ss_usb_device_cap->bFunctionalitySupport);
    778 			libusb_free_ss_usb_device_capability_descriptor(ss_usb_device_cap);
    779 		}
    780 		break;
    781 	}
    782 	case LIBUSB_BT_CONTAINER_ID: {
    783 		struct libusb_container_id_descriptor *container_id = NULL;
    784 		libusb_get_container_id_descriptor(NULL, dev_cap, &container_id);
    785 		if (container_id) {
    786 			printf("    Container ID:\n      %s\n", uuid_to_string(container_id->ContainerID));
    787 			libusb_free_container_id_descriptor(container_id);
    788 		}
    789 		break;
    790 	}
    791 	default:
    792 		printf("    Unknown BOS device capability %02x:\n", dev_cap->bDevCapabilityType);
    793 	}
    794 }
    795 
    796 static int test_device(uint16_t vid, uint16_t pid)
    797 {
    798 	libusb_device_handle *handle;
    799 	libusb_device *dev;
    800 	uint8_t bus, port_path[8];
    801 	struct libusb_bos_descriptor *bos_desc;
    802 	struct libusb_config_descriptor *conf_desc;
    803 	const struct libusb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
    804 	int i, j, k, r;
    805 	int iface, nb_ifaces, first_iface = -1;
    806 	struct libusb_device_descriptor dev_desc;
    807 	const char* speed_name[5] = { "Unknown", "1.5 Mbit/s (USB LowSpeed)", "12 Mbit/s (USB FullSpeed)",
    808 		"480 Mbit/s (USB HighSpeed)", "5000 Mbit/s (USB SuperSpeed)"};
    809 	char string[128];
    810 	uint8_t string_index[3];	// indexes of the string descriptors
    811 	uint8_t endpoint_in = 0, endpoint_out = 0;	// default IN and OUT endpoints
    812 
    813 	printf("Opening device %04X:%04X...\n", vid, pid);
    814 	handle = libusb_open_device_with_vid_pid(NULL, vid, pid);
    815 
    816 	if (handle == NULL) {
    817 		perr("  Failed.\n");
    818 		return -1;
    819 	}
    820 
    821 	dev = libusb_get_device(handle);
    822 	bus = libusb_get_bus_number(dev);
    823 	if (extra_info) {
    824 		r = libusb_get_port_numbers(dev, port_path, sizeof(port_path));
    825 		if (r > 0) {
    826 			printf("\nDevice properties:\n");
    827 			printf("        bus number: %d\n", bus);
    828 			printf("         port path: %d", port_path[0]);
    829 			for (i=1; i<r; i++) {
    830 				printf("->%d", port_path[i]);
    831 			}
    832 			printf(" (from root hub)\n");
    833 		}
    834 		r = libusb_get_device_speed(dev);
    835 		if ((r<0) || (r>4)) r=0;
    836 		printf("             speed: %s\n", speed_name[r]);
    837 	}
    838 
    839 	printf("\nReading device descriptor:\n");
    840 	CALL_CHECK(libusb_get_device_descriptor(dev, &dev_desc));
    841 	printf("            length: %d\n", dev_desc.bLength);
    842 	printf("      device class: %d\n", dev_desc.bDeviceClass);
    843 	printf("               S/N: %d\n", dev_desc.iSerialNumber);
    844 	printf("           VID:PID: %04X:%04X\n", dev_desc.idVendor, dev_desc.idProduct);
    845 	printf("         bcdDevice: %04X\n", dev_desc.bcdDevice);
    846 	printf("   iMan:iProd:iSer: %d:%d:%d\n", dev_desc.iManufacturer, dev_desc.iProduct, dev_desc.iSerialNumber);
    847 	printf("          nb confs: %d\n", dev_desc.bNumConfigurations);
    848 	// Copy the string descriptors for easier parsing
    849 	string_index[0] = dev_desc.iManufacturer;
    850 	string_index[1] = dev_desc.iProduct;
    851 	string_index[2] = dev_desc.iSerialNumber;
    852 
    853 	printf("\nReading BOS descriptor: ");
    854 	if (libusb_get_bos_descriptor(handle, &bos_desc) == LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
    855 		printf("%d caps\n", bos_desc->bNumDeviceCaps);
    856 		for (i = 0; i < bos_desc->bNumDeviceCaps; i++)
    857 			print_device_cap(bos_desc->dev_capability[i]);
    858 		libusb_free_bos_descriptor(bos_desc);
    859 	} else {
    860 		printf("no descriptor\n");
    861 	}
    862 
    863 	printf("\nReading first configuration descriptor:\n");
    864 	CALL_CHECK(libusb_get_config_descriptor(dev, 0, &conf_desc));
    865 	nb_ifaces = conf_desc->bNumInterfaces;
    866 	printf("             nb interfaces: %d\n", nb_ifaces);
    867 	if (nb_ifaces > 0)
    868 		first_iface = conf_desc->usb_interface[0].altsetting[0].bInterfaceNumber;
    869 	for (i=0; i<nb_ifaces; i++) {
    870 		printf("              interface[%d]: id = %d\n", i,
    871 			conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[0].bInterfaceNumber);
    872 		for (j=0; j<conf_desc->usb_interface[i].num_altsetting; j++) {
    873 			printf("interface[%d].altsetting[%d]: num endpoints = %d\n",
    874 				i, j, conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bNumEndpoints);
    875 			printf("   Class.SubClass.Protocol: %02X.%02X.%02X\n",
    876 				conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceClass,
    877 				conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceSubClass,
    878 				conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceProtocol);
    879 			if ( (conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceClass == LIBUSB_CLASS_MASS_STORAGE)
    880 			  && ( (conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceSubClass == 0x01)
    881 			  || (conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceSubClass == 0x06) )
    882 			  && (conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bInterfaceProtocol == 0x50) ) {
    883 				// Mass storage devices that can use basic SCSI commands
    884 				test_mode = USE_SCSI;
    885 			}
    886 			for (k=0; k<conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].bNumEndpoints; k++) {
    887 				struct libusb_ss_endpoint_companion_descriptor *ep_comp = NULL;
    888 				endpoint = &conf_desc->usb_interface[i].altsetting[j].endpoint[k];
    889 				printf("       endpoint[%d].address: %02X\n", k, endpoint->bEndpointAddress);
    890 				// Use the first interrupt or bulk IN/OUT endpoints as default for testing
    891 				if ((endpoint->bmAttributes & LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_MASK) & (LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_BULK | LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_INTERRUPT)) {
    892 					if (endpoint->bEndpointAddress & LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN) {
    893 						if (!endpoint_in)
    894 							endpoint_in = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
    895 					} else {
    896 						if (!endpoint_out)
    897 							endpoint_out = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
    898 					}
    899 				}
    900 				printf("           max packet size: %04X\n", endpoint->wMaxPacketSize);
    901 				printf("          polling interval: %02X\n", endpoint->bInterval);
    902 				libusb_get_ss_endpoint_companion_descriptor(NULL, endpoint, &ep_comp);
    903 				if (ep_comp) {
    904 					printf("                 max burst: %02X   (USB 3.0)\n", ep_comp->bMaxBurst);
    905 					printf("        bytes per interval: %04X (USB 3.0)\n", ep_comp->wBytesPerInterval);
    906 					libusb_free_ss_endpoint_companion_descriptor(ep_comp);
    907 				}
    908 			}
    909 		}
    910 	}
    911 	libusb_free_config_descriptor(conf_desc);
    912 
    913 	libusb_set_auto_detach_kernel_driver(handle, 1);
    914 	for (iface = 0; iface < nb_ifaces; iface++)
    915 	{
    916 		printf("\nClaiming interface %d...\n", iface);
    917 		r = libusb_claim_interface(handle, iface);
    918 		if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
    919 			perr("   Failed.\n");
    920 		}
    921 	}
    922 
    923 	printf("\nReading string descriptors:\n");
    924 	for (i=0; i<3; i++) {
    925 		if (string_index[i] == 0) {
    926 			continue;
    927 		}
    928 		if (libusb_get_string_descriptor_ascii(handle, string_index[i], (unsigned char*)string, 128) >= 0) {
    929 			printf("   String (0x%02X): \"%s\"\n", string_index[i], string);
    930 		}
    931 	}
    932 	// Read the OS String Descriptor
    933 	if (libusb_get_string_descriptor_ascii(handle, 0xEE, (unsigned char*)string, 128) >= 0) {
    934 		printf("   String (0x%02X): \"%s\"\n", 0xEE, string);
    935 		// If this is a Microsoft OS String Descriptor,
    936 		// attempt to read the WinUSB extended Feature Descriptors
    937 		if (strncmp(string, "MSFT100", 7) == 0)
    938 			read_ms_winsub_feature_descriptors(handle, string[7], first_iface);
    939 	}
    940 
    941 	switch(test_mode) {
    942 	case USE_PS3:
    943 		CALL_CHECK(display_ps3_status(handle));
    944 		break;
    945 	case USE_XBOX:
    946 		CALL_CHECK(display_xbox_status(handle));
    947 		CALL_CHECK(set_xbox_actuators(handle, 128, 222));
    948 		msleep(2000);
    949 		CALL_CHECK(set_xbox_actuators(handle, 0, 0));
    950 		break;
    951 	case USE_HID:
    952 		test_hid(handle, endpoint_in);
    953 		break;
    954 	case USE_SCSI:
    955 		CALL_CHECK(test_mass_storage(handle, endpoint_in, endpoint_out));
    956 	case USE_GENERIC:
    957 		break;
    958 	}
    959 
    960 	printf("\n");
    961 	for (iface = 0; iface<nb_ifaces; iface++) {
    962 		printf("Releasing interface %d...\n", iface);
    963 		libusb_release_interface(handle, iface);
    964 	}
    965 
    966 	printf("Closing device...\n");
    967 	libusb_close(handle);
    968 
    969 	return 0;
    970 }
    971 
    972 int main(int argc, char** argv)
    973 {
    974 	bool show_help = false;
    975 	bool debug_mode = false;
    976 	const struct libusb_version* version;
    977 	int j, r;
    978 	size_t i, arglen;
    979 	unsigned tmp_vid, tmp_pid;
    980 	uint16_t endian_test = 0xBE00;
    981 	char *error_lang = NULL, *old_dbg_str = NULL, str[256];
    982 
    983 	// Default to generic, expecting VID:PID
    984 	VID = 0;
    985 	PID = 0;
    986 	test_mode = USE_GENERIC;
    987 
    988 	if (((uint8_t*)&endian_test)[0] == 0xBE) {
    989 		printf("Despite their natural superiority for end users, big endian\n"
    990 			"CPUs are not supported with this program, sorry.\n");
    991 		return 0;
    992 	}
    993 
    994 	if (argc >= 2) {
    995 		for (j = 1; j<argc; j++) {
    996 			arglen = strlen(argv[j]);
    997 			if ( ((argv[j][0] == '-') || (argv[j][0] == '/'))
    998 			  && (arglen >= 2) ) {
    999 				switch(argv[j][1]) {
   1000 				case 'd':
   1001 					debug_mode = true;
   1002 					break;
   1003 				case 'i':
   1004 					extra_info = true;
   1005 					break;
   1006 				case 'w':
   1007 					force_device_request = true;
   1008 					break;
   1009 				case 'b':
   1010 					if ((j+1 >= argc) || (argv[j+1][0] == '-') || (argv[j+1][0] == '/')) {
   1011 						printf("   Option -b requires a file name\n");
   1012 						return 1;
   1013 					}
   1014 					binary_name = argv[++j];
   1015 					binary_dump = true;
   1016 					break;
   1017 				case 'l':
   1018 					if ((j+1 >= argc) || (argv[j+1][0] == '-') || (argv[j+1][0] == '/')) {
   1019 						printf("   Option -l requires an ISO 639-1 language parameter\n");
   1020 						return 1;
   1021 					}
   1022 					error_lang = argv[++j];
   1023 					break;
   1024 				case 'j':
   1025 					// OLIMEX ARM-USB-TINY JTAG, 2 channel composite device - 2 interfaces
   1026 					if (!VID && !PID) {
   1027 						VID = 0x15BA;
   1028 						PID = 0x0004;
   1029 					}
   1030 					break;
   1031 				case 'k':
   1032 					// Generic 2 GB USB Key (SCSI Transparent/Bulk Only) - 1 interface
   1033 					if (!VID && !PID) {
   1034 						VID = 0x0204;
   1035 						PID = 0x6025;
   1036 					}
   1037 					break;
   1038 				// The following tests will force VID:PID if already provided
   1039 				case 'p':
   1040 					// Sony PS3 Controller - 1 interface
   1041 					VID = 0x054C;
   1042 					PID = 0x0268;
   1043 					test_mode = USE_PS3;
   1044 					break;
   1045 				case 's':
   1046 					// Microsoft Sidewinder Precision Pro Joystick - 1 HID interface
   1047 					VID = 0x045E;
   1048 					PID = 0x0008;
   1049 					test_mode = USE_HID;
   1050 					break;
   1051 				case 'x':
   1052 					// Microsoft XBox Controller Type S - 1 interface
   1053 					VID = 0x045E;
   1054 					PID = 0x0289;
   1055 					test_mode = USE_XBOX;
   1056 					break;
   1057 				default:
   1058 					show_help = true;
   1059 					break;
   1060 				}
   1061 			} else {
   1062 				for (i=0; i<arglen; i++) {
   1063 					if (argv[j][i] == ':')
   1064 						break;
   1065 				}
   1066 				if (i != arglen) {
   1067 					if (sscanf(argv[j], "%x:%x" , &tmp_vid, &tmp_pid) != 2) {
   1068 						printf("   Please specify VID & PID as \"vid:pid\" in hexadecimal format\n");
   1069 						return 1;
   1070 					}
   1071 					VID = (uint16_t)tmp_vid;
   1072 					PID = (uint16_t)tmp_pid;
   1073 				} else {
   1074 					show_help = true;
   1075 				}
   1076 			}
   1077 		}
   1078 	}
   1079 
   1080 	if ((show_help) || (argc == 1) || (argc > 7)) {
   1081 		printf("usage: %s [-h] [-d] [-i] [-k] [-b file] [-l lang] [-j] [-x] [-s] [-p] [-w] [vid:pid]\n", argv[0]);
   1082 		printf("   -h      : display usage\n");
   1083 		printf("   -d      : enable debug output\n");
   1084 		printf("   -i      : print topology and speed info\n");
   1085 		printf("   -j      : test composite FTDI based JTAG device\n");
   1086 		printf("   -k      : test Mass Storage device\n");
   1087 		printf("   -b file : dump Mass Storage data to file 'file'\n");
   1088 		printf("   -p      : test Sony PS3 SixAxis controller\n");
   1089 		printf("   -s      : test Microsoft Sidewinder Precision Pro (HID)\n");
   1090 		printf("   -x      : test Microsoft XBox Controller Type S\n");
   1091 		printf("   -l lang : language to report errors in (ISO 639-1)\n");
   1092 		printf("   -w      : force the use of device requests when querying WCID descriptors\n");
   1093 		printf("If only the vid:pid is provided, xusb attempts to run the most appropriate test\n");
   1094 		return 0;
   1095 	}
   1096 
   1097 	// xusb is commonly used as a debug tool, so it's convenient to have debug output during libusb_init(),
   1098 	// but since we can't call on libusb_set_debug() before libusb_init(), we use the env variable method
   1099 	old_dbg_str = getenv("LIBUSB_DEBUG");
   1100 	if (debug_mode) {
   1101 		if (putenv("LIBUSB_DEBUG=4") != 0)	// LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
   1102 			printf("Unable to set debug level");
   1103 	}
   1104 
   1105 	version = libusb_get_version();
   1106 	printf("Using libusb v%d.%d.%d.%d\n\n", version->major, version->minor, version->micro, version->nano);
   1107 	r = libusb_init(NULL);
   1108 	if (r < 0)
   1109 		return r;
   1110 
   1111 	// If not set externally, and no debug option was given, use info log level
   1112 	if ((old_dbg_str == NULL) && (!debug_mode))
   1113 		libusb_set_debug(NULL, LIBUSB_LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
   1114 	if (error_lang != NULL) {
   1115 		r = libusb_setlocale(error_lang);
   1116 		if (r < 0)
   1117 			printf("Invalid or unsupported locale '%s': %s\n", error_lang, libusb_strerror((enum libusb_error)r));
   1118 	}
   1119 
   1120 	test_device(VID, PID);
   1121 
   1122 	libusb_exit(NULL);
   1123 
   1124 	if (debug_mode) {
   1125 		snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "LIBUSB_DEBUG=%s", (old_dbg_str == NULL)?"":old_dbg_str);
   1126 		str[sizeof(str) - 1] = 0;	// Windows may not NUL terminate the string
   1127 	}
   1128 
   1129 	return 0;
   1130 }
   1131