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      1 // Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
      2 // All rights reserved.
      3 //
      4 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
      5 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
      6 // met:
      7 //
      8 //     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
      9 // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     10 //     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
     11 // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
     12 // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
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     15 // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
     16 // this software without specific prior written permission.
     17 //
     18 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
     19 // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
     20 // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
     21 // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
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     24 // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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     27 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
     28 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     29 //
     30 // Author: wan (at) google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
     31 
     32 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
     33 
     34 #include <limits.h>
     35 #include <stdlib.h>
     36 #include <stdio.h>
     37 #include <string.h>
     38 
     39 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
     40 # include <windows.h>  // For TerminateProcess()
     41 #elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
     42 # include <io.h>
     43 # include <sys/stat.h>
     44 #else
     45 # include <unistd.h>
     46 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
     47 
     48 #if GTEST_OS_MAC
     49 # include <mach/mach_init.h>
     50 # include <mach/task.h>
     51 # include <mach/vm_map.h>
     52 #endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
     53 
     54 #if GTEST_OS_QNX
     55 # include <devctl.h>
     56 # include <sys/procfs.h>
     57 #endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
     58 
     59 #include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
     60 #include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
     61 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
     62 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
     63 
     64 // Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
     65 // implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
     66 // included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
     67 // prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
     68 // his code.
     69 #define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
     70 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
     71 #undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
     72 
     73 namespace testing {
     74 namespace internal {
     75 
     76 #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
     77 // MSVC and C++Builder do not provide a definition of STDERR_FILENO.
     78 const int kStdOutFileno = 1;
     79 const int kStdErrFileno = 2;
     80 #else
     81 const int kStdOutFileno = STDOUT_FILENO;
     82 const int kStdErrFileno = STDERR_FILENO;
     83 #endif  // _MSC_VER
     84 
     85 #if GTEST_OS_MAC
     86 
     87 // Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
     88 // we cannot detect it.
     89 size_t GetThreadCount() {
     90   const task_t task = mach_task_self();
     91   mach_msg_type_number_t thread_count;
     92   thread_act_array_t thread_list;
     93   const kern_return_t status = task_threads(task, &thread_list, &thread_count);
     94   if (status == KERN_SUCCESS) {
     95     // task_threads allocates resources in thread_list and we need to free them
     96     // to avoid leaks.
     97     vm_deallocate(task,
     98                   reinterpret_cast<vm_address_t>(thread_list),
     99                   sizeof(thread_t) * thread_count);
    100     return static_cast<size_t>(thread_count);
    101   } else {
    102     return 0;
    103   }
    104 }
    105 
    106 #elif GTEST_OS_QNX
    107 
    108 // Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
    109 // we cannot detect it.
    110 size_t GetThreadCount() {
    111   const int fd = open("/proc/self/as", O_RDONLY);
    112   if (fd < 0) {
    113     return 0;
    114   }
    115   procfs_info process_info;
    116   const int status =
    117       devctl(fd, DCMD_PROC_INFO, &process_info, sizeof(process_info), NULL);
    118   close(fd);
    119   if (status == EOK) {
    120     return static_cast<size_t>(process_info.num_threads);
    121   } else {
    122     return 0;
    123   }
    124 }
    125 
    126 #else
    127 
    128 size_t GetThreadCount() {
    129   // There's no portable way to detect the number of threads, so we just
    130   // return 0 to indicate that we cannot detect it.
    131   return 0;
    132 }
    133 
    134 #endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
    135 
    136 #if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
    137 
    138 // Implements RE.  Currently only needed for death tests.
    139 
    140 RE::~RE() {
    141   if (is_valid_) {
    142     // regfree'ing an invalid regex might crash because the content
    143     // of the regex is undefined. Since the regex's are essentially
    144     // the same, one cannot be valid (or invalid) without the other
    145     // being so too.
    146     regfree(&partial_regex_);
    147     regfree(&full_regex_);
    148   }
    149   free(const_cast<char*>(pattern_));
    150 }
    151 
    152 // Returns true iff regular expression re matches the entire str.
    153 bool RE::FullMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
    154   if (!re.is_valid_) return false;
    155 
    156   regmatch_t match;
    157   return regexec(&re.full_regex_, str, 1, &match, 0) == 0;
    158 }
    159 
    160 // Returns true iff regular expression re matches a substring of str
    161 // (including str itself).
    162 bool RE::PartialMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
    163   if (!re.is_valid_) return false;
    164 
    165   regmatch_t match;
    166   return regexec(&re.partial_regex_, str, 1, &match, 0) == 0;
    167 }
    168 
    169 // Initializes an RE from its string representation.
    170 void RE::Init(const char* regex) {
    171   pattern_ = posix::StrDup(regex);
    172 
    173   // Reserves enough bytes to hold the regular expression used for a
    174   // full match.
    175   const size_t full_regex_len = strlen(regex) + 10;
    176   char* const full_pattern = new char[full_regex_len];
    177 
    178   snprintf(full_pattern, full_regex_len, "^(%s)$", regex);
    179   is_valid_ = regcomp(&full_regex_, full_pattern, REG_EXTENDED) == 0;
    180   // We want to call regcomp(&partial_regex_, ...) even if the
    181   // previous expression returns false.  Otherwise partial_regex_ may
    182   // not be properly initialized can may cause trouble when it's
    183   // freed.
    184   //
    185   // Some implementation of POSIX regex (e.g. on at least some
    186   // versions of Cygwin) doesn't accept the empty string as a valid
    187   // regex.  We change it to an equivalent form "()" to be safe.
    188   if (is_valid_) {
    189     const char* const partial_regex = (*regex == '\0') ? "()" : regex;
    190     is_valid_ = regcomp(&partial_regex_, partial_regex, REG_EXTENDED) == 0;
    191   }
    192   EXPECT_TRUE(is_valid_)
    193       << "Regular expression \"" << regex
    194       << "\" is not a valid POSIX Extended regular expression.";
    195 
    196   delete[] full_pattern;
    197 }
    198 
    199 #elif GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
    200 
    201 // Returns true iff ch appears anywhere in str (excluding the
    202 // terminating '\0' character).
    203 bool IsInSet(char ch, const char* str) {
    204   return ch != '\0' && strchr(str, ch) != NULL;
    205 }
    206 
    207 // Returns true iff ch belongs to the given classification.  Unlike
    208 // similar functions in <ctype.h>, these aren't affected by the
    209 // current locale.
    210 bool IsAsciiDigit(char ch) { return '0' <= ch && ch <= '9'; }
    211 bool IsAsciiPunct(char ch) {
    212   return IsInSet(ch, "^-!\"#$%&'()*+,./:;<=>?@[\\]_`{|}~");
    213 }
    214 bool IsRepeat(char ch) { return IsInSet(ch, "?*+"); }
    215 bool IsAsciiWhiteSpace(char ch) { return IsInSet(ch, " \f\n\r\t\v"); }
    216 bool IsAsciiWordChar(char ch) {
    217   return ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') || ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z') ||
    218       ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') || ch == '_';
    219 }
    220 
    221 // Returns true iff "\\c" is a supported escape sequence.
    222 bool IsValidEscape(char c) {
    223   return (IsAsciiPunct(c) || IsInSet(c, "dDfnrsStvwW"));
    224 }
    225 
    226 // Returns true iff the given atom (specified by escaped and pattern)
    227 // matches ch.  The result is undefined if the atom is invalid.
    228 bool AtomMatchesChar(bool escaped, char pattern_char, char ch) {
    229   if (escaped) {  // "\\p" where p is pattern_char.
    230     switch (pattern_char) {
    231       case 'd': return IsAsciiDigit(ch);
    232       case 'D': return !IsAsciiDigit(ch);
    233       case 'f': return ch == '\f';
    234       case 'n': return ch == '\n';
    235       case 'r': return ch == '\r';
    236       case 's': return IsAsciiWhiteSpace(ch);
    237       case 'S': return !IsAsciiWhiteSpace(ch);
    238       case 't': return ch == '\t';
    239       case 'v': return ch == '\v';
    240       case 'w': return IsAsciiWordChar(ch);
    241       case 'W': return !IsAsciiWordChar(ch);
    242     }
    243     return IsAsciiPunct(pattern_char) && pattern_char == ch;
    244   }
    245 
    246   return (pattern_char == '.' && ch != '\n') || pattern_char == ch;
    247 }
    248 
    249 // Helper function used by ValidateRegex() to format error messages.
    250 std::string FormatRegexSyntaxError(const char* regex, int index) {
    251   return (Message() << "Syntax error at index " << index
    252           << " in simple regular expression \"" << regex << "\": ").GetString();
    253 }
    254 
    255 // Generates non-fatal failures and returns false if regex is invalid;
    256 // otherwise returns true.
    257 bool ValidateRegex(const char* regex) {
    258   if (regex == NULL) {
    259     // TODO(wan (at) google.com): fix the source file location in the
    260     // assertion failures to match where the regex is used in user
    261     // code.
    262     ADD_FAILURE() << "NULL is not a valid simple regular expression.";
    263     return false;
    264   }
    265 
    266   bool is_valid = true;
    267 
    268   // True iff ?, *, or + can follow the previous atom.
    269   bool prev_repeatable = false;
    270   for (int i = 0; regex[i]; i++) {
    271     if (regex[i] == '\\') {  // An escape sequence
    272       i++;
    273       if (regex[i] == '\0') {
    274         ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i - 1)
    275                       << "'\\' cannot appear at the end.";
    276         return false;
    277       }
    278 
    279       if (!IsValidEscape(regex[i])) {
    280         ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i - 1)
    281                       << "invalid escape sequence \"\\" << regex[i] << "\".";
    282         is_valid = false;
    283       }
    284       prev_repeatable = true;
    285     } else {  // Not an escape sequence.
    286       const char ch = regex[i];
    287 
    288       if (ch == '^' && i > 0) {
    289         ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
    290                       << "'^' can only appear at the beginning.";
    291         is_valid = false;
    292       } else if (ch == '$' && regex[i + 1] != '\0') {
    293         ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
    294                       << "'$' can only appear at the end.";
    295         is_valid = false;
    296       } else if (IsInSet(ch, "()[]{}|")) {
    297         ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
    298                       << "'" << ch << "' is unsupported.";
    299         is_valid = false;
    300       } else if (IsRepeat(ch) && !prev_repeatable) {
    301         ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
    302                       << "'" << ch << "' can only follow a repeatable token.";
    303         is_valid = false;
    304       }
    305 
    306       prev_repeatable = !IsInSet(ch, "^$?*+");
    307     }
    308   }
    309 
    310   return is_valid;
    311 }
    312 
    313 // Matches a repeated regex atom followed by a valid simple regular
    314 // expression.  The regex atom is defined as c if escaped is false,
    315 // or \c otherwise.  repeat is the repetition meta character (?, *,
    316 // or +).  The behavior is undefined if str contains too many
    317 // characters to be indexable by size_t, in which case the test will
    318 // probably time out anyway.  We are fine with this limitation as
    319 // std::string has it too.
    320 bool MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(
    321     bool escaped, char c, char repeat, const char* regex,
    322     const char* str) {
    323   const size_t min_count = (repeat == '+') ? 1 : 0;
    324   const size_t max_count = (repeat == '?') ? 1 :
    325       static_cast<size_t>(-1) - 1;
    326   // We cannot call numeric_limits::max() as it conflicts with the
    327   // max() macro on Windows.
    328 
    329   for (size_t i = 0; i <= max_count; ++i) {
    330     // We know that the atom matches each of the first i characters in str.
    331     if (i >= min_count && MatchRegexAtHead(regex, str + i)) {
    332       // We have enough matches at the head, and the tail matches too.
    333       // Since we only care about *whether* the pattern matches str
    334       // (as opposed to *how* it matches), there is no need to find a
    335       // greedy match.
    336       return true;
    337     }
    338     if (str[i] == '\0' || !AtomMatchesChar(escaped, c, str[i]))
    339       return false;
    340   }
    341   return false;
    342 }
    343 
    344 // Returns true iff regex matches a prefix of str.  regex must be a
    345 // valid simple regular expression and not start with "^", or the
    346 // result is undefined.
    347 bool MatchRegexAtHead(const char* regex, const char* str) {
    348   if (*regex == '\0')  // An empty regex matches a prefix of anything.
    349     return true;
    350 
    351   // "$" only matches the end of a string.  Note that regex being
    352   // valid guarantees that there's nothing after "$" in it.
    353   if (*regex == '$')
    354     return *str == '\0';
    355 
    356   // Is the first thing in regex an escape sequence?
    357   const bool escaped = *regex == '\\';
    358   if (escaped)
    359     ++regex;
    360   if (IsRepeat(regex[1])) {
    361     // MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead() calls MatchRegexAtHead(), so
    362     // here's an indirect recursion.  It terminates as the regex gets
    363     // shorter in each recursion.
    364     return MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(
    365         escaped, regex[0], regex[1], regex + 2, str);
    366   } else {
    367     // regex isn't empty, isn't "$", and doesn't start with a
    368     // repetition.  We match the first atom of regex with the first
    369     // character of str and recurse.
    370     return (*str != '\0') && AtomMatchesChar(escaped, *regex, *str) &&
    371         MatchRegexAtHead(regex + 1, str + 1);
    372   }
    373 }
    374 
    375 // Returns true iff regex matches any substring of str.  regex must be
    376 // a valid simple regular expression, or the result is undefined.
    377 //
    378 // The algorithm is recursive, but the recursion depth doesn't exceed
    379 // the regex length, so we won't need to worry about running out of
    380 // stack space normally.  In rare cases the time complexity can be
    381 // exponential with respect to the regex length + the string length,
    382 // but usually it's must faster (often close to linear).
    383 bool MatchRegexAnywhere(const char* regex, const char* str) {
    384   if (regex == NULL || str == NULL)
    385     return false;
    386 
    387   if (*regex == '^')
    388     return MatchRegexAtHead(regex + 1, str);
    389 
    390   // A successful match can be anywhere in str.
    391   do {
    392     if (MatchRegexAtHead(regex, str))
    393       return true;
    394   } while (*str++ != '\0');
    395   return false;
    396 }
    397 
    398 // Implements the RE class.
    399 
    400 RE::~RE() {
    401   free(const_cast<char*>(pattern_));
    402   free(const_cast<char*>(full_pattern_));
    403 }
    404 
    405 // Returns true iff regular expression re matches the entire str.
    406 bool RE::FullMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
    407   return re.is_valid_ && MatchRegexAnywhere(re.full_pattern_, str);
    408 }
    409 
    410 // Returns true iff regular expression re matches a substring of str
    411 // (including str itself).
    412 bool RE::PartialMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
    413   return re.is_valid_ && MatchRegexAnywhere(re.pattern_, str);
    414 }
    415 
    416 // Initializes an RE from its string representation.
    417 void RE::Init(const char* regex) {
    418   pattern_ = full_pattern_ = NULL;
    419   if (regex != NULL) {
    420     pattern_ = posix::StrDup(regex);
    421   }
    422 
    423   is_valid_ = ValidateRegex(regex);
    424   if (!is_valid_) {
    425     // No need to calculate the full pattern when the regex is invalid.
    426     return;
    427   }
    428 
    429   const size_t len = strlen(regex);
    430   // Reserves enough bytes to hold the regular expression used for a
    431   // full match: we need space to prepend a '^', append a '$', and
    432   // terminate the string with '\0'.
    433   char* buffer = static_cast<char*>(malloc(len + 3));
    434   full_pattern_ = buffer;
    435 
    436   if (*regex != '^')
    437     *buffer++ = '^';  // Makes sure full_pattern_ starts with '^'.
    438 
    439   // We don't use snprintf or strncpy, as they trigger a warning when
    440   // compiled with VC++ 8.0.
    441   memcpy(buffer, regex, len);
    442   buffer += len;
    443 
    444   if (len == 0 || regex[len - 1] != '$')
    445     *buffer++ = '$';  // Makes sure full_pattern_ ends with '$'.
    446 
    447   *buffer = '\0';
    448 }
    449 
    450 #endif  // GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
    451 
    452 const char kUnknownFile[] = "unknown file";
    453 
    454 // Formats a source file path and a line number as they would appear
    455 // in an error message from the compiler used to compile this code.
    456 GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatFileLocation(const char* file, int line) {
    457   const std::string file_name(file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file);
    458 
    459   if (line < 0) {
    460     return file_name + ":";
    461   }
    462 #ifdef _MSC_VER
    463   return file_name + "(" + StreamableToString(line) + "):";
    464 #else
    465   return file_name + ":" + StreamableToString(line) + ":";
    466 #endif  // _MSC_VER
    467 }
    468 
    469 // Formats a file location for compiler-independent XML output.
    470 // Although this function is not platform dependent, we put it next to
    471 // FormatFileLocation in order to contrast the two functions.
    472 // Note that FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation() does NOT append colon
    473 // to the file location it produces, unlike FormatFileLocation().
    474 GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(
    475     const char* file, int line) {
    476   const std::string file_name(file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file);
    477 
    478   if (line < 0)
    479     return file_name;
    480   else
    481     return file_name + ":" + StreamableToString(line);
    482 }
    483 
    484 
    485 GTestLog::GTestLog(GTestLogSeverity severity, const char* file, int line)
    486     : severity_(severity) {
    487   const char* const marker =
    488       severity == GTEST_INFO ?    "[  INFO ]" :
    489       severity == GTEST_WARNING ? "[WARNING]" :
    490       severity == GTEST_ERROR ?   "[ ERROR ]" : "[ FATAL ]";
    491   GetStream() << ::std::endl << marker << " "
    492               << FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str() << ": ";
    493 }
    494 
    495 // Flushes the buffers and, if severity is GTEST_FATAL, aborts the program.
    496 GTestLog::~GTestLog() {
    497   GetStream() << ::std::endl;
    498   if (severity_ == GTEST_FATAL) {
    499     fflush(stderr);
    500     posix::Abort();
    501   }
    502 }
    503 // Disable Microsoft deprecation warnings for POSIX functions called from
    504 // this class (creat, dup, dup2, and close)
    505 #ifdef _MSC_VER
    506 # pragma warning(push)
    507 # pragma warning(disable: 4996)
    508 #endif  // _MSC_VER
    509 
    510 #if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
    511 
    512 // Object that captures an output stream (stdout/stderr).
    513 class CapturedStream {
    514  public:
    515   // The ctor redirects the stream to a temporary file.
    516   explicit CapturedStream(int fd) : fd_(fd), uncaptured_fd_(dup(fd)) {
    517 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    518     char temp_dir_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' };  // NOLINT
    519     char temp_file_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' };  // NOLINT
    520 
    521     ::GetTempPathA(sizeof(temp_dir_path), temp_dir_path);
    522     const UINT success = ::GetTempFileNameA(temp_dir_path,
    523                                             "gtest_redir",
    524                                             0,  // Generate unique file name.
    525                                             temp_file_path);
    526     GTEST_CHECK_(success != 0)
    527         << "Unable to create a temporary file in " << temp_dir_path;
    528     const int captured_fd = creat(temp_file_path, _S_IREAD | _S_IWRITE);
    529     GTEST_CHECK_(captured_fd != -1) << "Unable to open temporary file "
    530                                     << temp_file_path;
    531     filename_ = temp_file_path;
    532 # else
    533     // There's no guarantee that a test has write access to the current
    534     // directory, so we create the temporary file in the /tmp directory
    535     // instead. We use /tmp on most systems, and /sdcard on Android.
    536     // That's because Android doesn't have /tmp.
    537 #  if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
    538     // Note: Android applications are expected to call the framework's
    539     // Context.getExternalStorageDirectory() method through JNI to get
    540     // the location of the world-writable SD Card directory. However,
    541     // this requires a Context handle, which cannot be retrieved
    542     // globally from native code. Doing so also precludes running the
    543     // code as part of a regular standalone executable, which doesn't
    544     // run in a Dalvik process (e.g. when running it through 'adb shell').
    545     //
    546     // The location /sdcard is directly accessible from native code
    547     // and is the only location (unofficially) supported by the Android
    548     // team. It's generally a symlink to the real SD Card mount point
    549     // which can be /mnt/sdcard, /mnt/sdcard0, /system/media/sdcard, or
    550     // other OEM-customized locations. Never rely on these, and always
    551     // use /sdcard.
    552     char name_template[] = "/sdcard/gtest_captured_stream.XXXXXX";
    553 #  else
    554     char name_template[] = "/tmp/captured_stream.XXXXXX";
    555 #  endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
    556     const int captured_fd = mkstemp(name_template);
    557     filename_ = name_template;
    558 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
    559     fflush(NULL);
    560     dup2(captured_fd, fd_);
    561     close(captured_fd);
    562   }
    563 
    564   ~CapturedStream() {
    565     remove(filename_.c_str());
    566   }
    567 
    568   std::string GetCapturedString() {
    569     if (uncaptured_fd_ != -1) {
    570       // Restores the original stream.
    571       fflush(NULL);
    572       dup2(uncaptured_fd_, fd_);
    573       close(uncaptured_fd_);
    574       uncaptured_fd_ = -1;
    575     }
    576 
    577     FILE* const file = posix::FOpen(filename_.c_str(), "r");
    578     const std::string content = ReadEntireFile(file);
    579     posix::FClose(file);
    580     return content;
    581   }
    582 
    583  private:
    584   // Reads the entire content of a file as an std::string.
    585   static std::string ReadEntireFile(FILE* file);
    586 
    587   // Returns the size (in bytes) of a file.
    588   static size_t GetFileSize(FILE* file);
    589 
    590   const int fd_;  // A stream to capture.
    591   int uncaptured_fd_;
    592   // Name of the temporary file holding the stderr output.
    593   ::std::string filename_;
    594 
    595   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(CapturedStream);
    596 };
    597 
    598 // Returns the size (in bytes) of a file.
    599 size_t CapturedStream::GetFileSize(FILE* file) {
    600   fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
    601   return static_cast<size_t>(ftell(file));
    602 }
    603 
    604 // Reads the entire content of a file as a string.
    605 std::string CapturedStream::ReadEntireFile(FILE* file) {
    606   const size_t file_size = GetFileSize(file);
    607   char* const buffer = new char[file_size];
    608 
    609   size_t bytes_last_read = 0;  // # of bytes read in the last fread()
    610   size_t bytes_read = 0;       // # of bytes read so far
    611 
    612   fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);
    613 
    614   // Keeps reading the file until we cannot read further or the
    615   // pre-determined file size is reached.
    616   do {
    617     bytes_last_read = fread(buffer+bytes_read, 1, file_size-bytes_read, file);
    618     bytes_read += bytes_last_read;
    619   } while (bytes_last_read > 0 && bytes_read < file_size);
    620 
    621   const std::string content(buffer, bytes_read);
    622   delete[] buffer;
    623 
    624   return content;
    625 }
    626 
    627 # ifdef _MSC_VER
    628 #  pragma warning(pop)
    629 # endif  // _MSC_VER
    630 
    631 static CapturedStream* g_captured_stderr = NULL;
    632 static CapturedStream* g_captured_stdout = NULL;
    633 
    634 // Starts capturing an output stream (stdout/stderr).
    635 void CaptureStream(int fd, const char* stream_name, CapturedStream** stream) {
    636   if (*stream != NULL) {
    637     GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Only one " << stream_name
    638                       << " capturer can exist at a time.";
    639   }
    640   *stream = new CapturedStream(fd);
    641 }
    642 
    643 // Stops capturing the output stream and returns the captured string.
    644 std::string GetCapturedStream(CapturedStream** captured_stream) {
    645   const std::string content = (*captured_stream)->GetCapturedString();
    646 
    647   delete *captured_stream;
    648   *captured_stream = NULL;
    649 
    650   return content;
    651 }
    652 
    653 // Starts capturing stdout.
    654 void CaptureStdout() {
    655   CaptureStream(kStdOutFileno, "stdout", &g_captured_stdout);
    656 }
    657 
    658 // Starts capturing stderr.
    659 void CaptureStderr() {
    660   CaptureStream(kStdErrFileno, "stderr", &g_captured_stderr);
    661 }
    662 
    663 // Stops capturing stdout and returns the captured string.
    664 std::string GetCapturedStdout() {
    665   return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stdout);
    666 }
    667 
    668 // Stops capturing stderr and returns the captured string.
    669 std::string GetCapturedStderr() {
    670   return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stderr);
    671 }
    672 
    673 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
    674 
    675 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
    676 
    677 // A copy of all command line arguments.  Set by InitGoogleTest().
    678 ::std::vector<testing::internal::string> g_argvs;
    679 
    680 static const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>* g_injected_test_argvs =
    681                                         NULL;  // Owned.
    682 
    683 void SetInjectableArgvs(const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>* argvs) {
    684   if (g_injected_test_argvs != argvs)
    685     delete g_injected_test_argvs;
    686   g_injected_test_argvs = argvs;
    687 }
    688 
    689 const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetInjectableArgvs() {
    690   if (g_injected_test_argvs != NULL) {
    691     return *g_injected_test_argvs;
    692   }
    693   return g_argvs;
    694 }
    695 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
    696 
    697 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
    698 namespace posix {
    699 void Abort() {
    700   DebugBreak();
    701   TerminateProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), 1);
    702 }
    703 }  // namespace posix
    704 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
    705 
    706 // Returns the name of the environment variable corresponding to the
    707 // given flag.  For example, FlagToEnvVar("foo") will return
    708 // "GTEST_FOO" in the open-source version.
    709 static std::string FlagToEnvVar(const char* flag) {
    710   const std::string full_flag =
    711       (Message() << GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ << flag).GetString();
    712 
    713   Message env_var;
    714   for (size_t i = 0; i != full_flag.length(); i++) {
    715     env_var << ToUpper(full_flag.c_str()[i]);
    716   }
    717 
    718   return env_var.GetString();
    719 }
    720 
    721 // Parses 'str' for a 32-bit signed integer.  If successful, writes
    722 // the result to *value and returns true; otherwise leaves *value
    723 // unchanged and returns false.
    724 bool ParseInt32(const Message& src_text, const char* str, Int32* value) {
    725   // Parses the environment variable as a decimal integer.
    726   char* end = NULL;
    727   const long long_value = strtol(str, &end, 10);  // NOLINT
    728 
    729   // Has strtol() consumed all characters in the string?
    730   if (*end != '\0') {
    731     // No - an invalid character was encountered.
    732     Message msg;
    733     msg << "WARNING: " << src_text
    734         << " is expected to be a 32-bit integer, but actually"
    735         << " has value \"" << str << "\".\n";
    736     printf("%s", msg.GetString().c_str());
    737     fflush(stdout);
    738     return false;
    739   }
    740 
    741   // Is the parsed value in the range of an Int32?
    742   const Int32 result = static_cast<Int32>(long_value);
    743   if (long_value == LONG_MAX || long_value == LONG_MIN ||
    744       // The parsed value overflows as a long.  (strtol() returns
    745       // LONG_MAX or LONG_MIN when the input overflows.)
    746       result != long_value
    747       // The parsed value overflows as an Int32.
    748       ) {
    749     Message msg;
    750     msg << "WARNING: " << src_text
    751         << " is expected to be a 32-bit integer, but actually"
    752         << " has value " << str << ", which overflows.\n";
    753     printf("%s", msg.GetString().c_str());
    754     fflush(stdout);
    755     return false;
    756   }
    757 
    758   *value = result;
    759   return true;
    760 }
    761 
    762 // Reads and returns the Boolean environment variable corresponding to
    763 // the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
    764 //
    765 // The value is considered true iff it's not "0".
    766 bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_value) {
    767   const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
    768   const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
    769   return string_value == NULL ?
    770       default_value : strcmp(string_value, "0") != 0;
    771 }
    772 
    773 // Reads and returns a 32-bit integer stored in the environment
    774 // variable corresponding to the given flag; if it isn't set or
    775 // doesn't represent a valid 32-bit integer, returns default_value.
    776 Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_value) {
    777   const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
    778   const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
    779   if (string_value == NULL) {
    780     // The environment variable is not set.
    781     return default_value;
    782   }
    783 
    784   Int32 result = default_value;
    785   if (!ParseInt32(Message() << "Environment variable " << env_var,
    786                   string_value, &result)) {
    787     printf("The default value %s is used.\n",
    788            (Message() << default_value).GetString().c_str());
    789     fflush(stdout);
    790     return default_value;
    791   }
    792 
    793   return result;
    794 }
    795 
    796 // Reads and returns the string environment variable corresponding to
    797 // the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
    798 const char* StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_value) {
    799   const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
    800   const char* const value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
    801   return value == NULL ? default_value : value;
    802 }
    803 
    804 }  // namespace internal
    805 }  // namespace testing
    806