org/mockito/MockSettings.java

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2007 Mockito contributors
 * This program is made available under the terms of the MIT License.
 */
package org.mockito;

import org.mockito.invocation.InvocationFactory;
import org.mockito.invocation.MockHandler;
import org.mockito.listeners.InvocationListener;
import org.mockito.listeners.VerificationStartedListener;
import org.mockito.mock.MockCreationSettings;
import org.mockito.mock.SerializableMode;
import org.mockito.stubbing.Answer;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * Allows mock creation with additional mock settings.
 * <p/>
 * Don't use it too often.
 * Consider writing simple tests that use simple mocks.
 * Repeat after me: simple tests push simple, KISSy, readable & maintainable code.
 * If you cannot write a test in a simple way - refactor the code under test.
 * <p/>
 * Examples of mock settings:
 * <pre class="code"><code class="java">
 *   //Creates mock with different default answer & name
 *   Foo mock = mock(Foo.class, withSettings()
 *                                .defaultAnswer(RETURNS_SMART_NULLS)
 *                                .name("cool mockie")
 *                                );
 *
 *   //Creates mock with different default answer, descriptive name and extra interfaces
 *   Foo mock = mock(Foo.class, withSettings()
 *                                .defaultAnswer(RETURNS_SMART_NULLS)
 *                                .name("cool mockie")
 *                                .extraInterfaces(Bar.class));
 * </code></pre>
 * {@link MockSettings} has been introduced for two reasons.
 * Firstly, to make it easy to add another mock setting when the demand comes.
 * Secondly, to enable combining together different mock settings without introducing zillions of overloaded mock() methods.
 */
public interface MockSettings extends Serializable {

    /**
     * Specifies extra interfaces the mock should implement. Might be useful for legacy code or some corner cases.
     * <p>
     * This mysterious feature should be used very occasionally.
     * The object under test should know exactly its collaborators & dependencies.
     * If you happen to use it often than please make sure you are really producing simple, clean & readable code.
     * <p>
     * Examples:
     * <pre class="code"><code class="java">
     *   Foo foo = mock(Foo.class, withSettings().extraInterfaces(Bar.class, Baz.class));
     *
     *   //now, the mock implements extra interfaces, so following casting is possible:
     *   Bar bar = (Bar) foo;
     *   Baz baz = (Baz) foo;
     * </code></pre>
     *
     * @param interfaces extra interfaces the should implement.
     * @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
     */
    MockSettings extraInterfaces(Class<?>... interfaces);

    /**
     * Specifies mock name. Naming mocks can be helpful for debugging - the name is used in all verification errors.
     * <p>
     * Beware that naming mocks is not a solution for complex code which uses too many mocks or collaborators.
     * <b>If you have too many mocks then refactor the code</b> so that it's easy to test/debug without necessity of naming mocks.
     * <p>
     * <b>If you use &#064;Mock annotation then you've got naming mocks for free!</b> &#064;Mock uses field name as mock name. {@link Mock Read more.}
     * <p>
     * Examples:
     * <pre class="code"><code class="java">
     *   Foo foo = mock(Foo.class, withSettings().name("foo"));
     *
     *   //Below does exactly the same:
     *   Foo foo = mock(Foo.class, "foo");
     * </code></pre>
     * @param name the name of the mock, later used in all verification errors
     * @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
     */
    MockSettings name(String name);

    /**
     * Specifies the instance to spy on. Makes sense only for spies/partial mocks.
     *
     * Sets the instance that will be spied. Actually copies the internal fields of the passed instance to the mock.
     * <p>
     * As usual you are going to read <b>the partial mock warning</b>:
     * Object oriented programming is more or less about tackling complexity by dividing the complexity into separate, specific, SRPy objects.
     * How does partial mock fit into this paradigm? Well, it just doesn't...
     * Partial mock usually means that the complexity has been moved to a different method on the same object.
     * In most cases, this is not the way you want to design your application.
     * <p>
     * However, there are rare cases when partial mocks come handy:
     * dealing with code you cannot change easily (3rd party interfaces, interim refactoring of legacy code etc.)
     * However, I wouldn't use partial mocks for new, test-driven & well-designed code.
     * <p>
     * Enough warnings about partial mocks, see an example how spiedInstance() works:
     * <pre class="code"><code class="java">
     *   Foo foo = mock(Foo.class, withSettings().spiedInstance(fooInstance));
     *
     *   //Below does exactly the same:
     *   Foo foo = spy(fooInstance);
     * </code></pre>
     *
     * About stubbing for a partial mock, as it is a spy it will always call the real method, unless you use the
     * <code>doReturn</code>|<code>Throw</code>|<code>Answer</code>|<code>CallRealMethod</code> stubbing style. Example:
     *
     * <pre class="code"><code class="java">
     *   List list = new LinkedList();
     *   List spy = spy(list);
     *
     *   //Impossible: real method is called so spy.get(0) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException (the list is yet empty)
     *   when(spy.get(0)).thenReturn("foo");
     *
     *   //You have to use doReturn() for stubbing
     *   doReturn("foo").when(spy).get(0);
     * </code>
     *
     * @param instance to spy on
     * @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
     */
    MockSettings spiedInstance(Object instance);

    /**
     * Specifies default answers to interactions.
     * It's quite advanced feature and typically you don't need it to write decent tests.
     * However it can be helpful when working with legacy systems.
     * <p>
     * It is the default answer so it will be used <b>only when you don't</b> stub the method call.
     *
     * <pre class="code"><code class="java">
     *   Foo mock = mock(Foo.class, withSettings().defaultAnswer(RETURNS_SMART_NULLS));
     *   Foo mockTwo = mock(Foo.class, withSettings().defaultAnswer(new YourOwnAnswer()));
     *
     *   //Below does exactly the same:
     *   Foo mockTwo = mock(Foo.class, new YourOwnAnswer());
     * </code></pre>
     *
     * @param defaultAnswer default answer to be used by mock when not stubbed
     * @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    MockSettings defaultAnswer(Answer defaultAnswer);

    /**
     * Configures the mock to be serializable. With this feature you can use a mock in a place that requires dependencies to be serializable.
     * <p>
     * WARNING: This should be rarely used in unit testing.
     * <p>
     * The behaviour was implemented for a specific use case of a BDD spec that had an unreliable external dependency.  This
     * was in a web environment and the objects from the external dependency were being serialized to pass between layers.
     * <p>
     * Example:
     * <pre class="code"><code class="java">
     *   List serializableMock = mock(List.class, withSettings().serializable());
     * </code></pre>
     *
     * @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
     * @since 1.8.1
     */
    MockSettings serializable();

    /**
     * Configures the mock to be serializable with a specific serializable mode.
     * With this feature you can use a mock in a place that requires dependencies to be serializable.
     * <p>
     * WARNING: This should be rarely used in unit testing.
     * <p>
     * The behaviour was implemented for a specific use case of a BDD spec that had an unreliable external dependency.  This
     * was in a web environment and the objects from the external dependency were being serialized to pass between layers.
     *
     * <pre class="code"><code class="java">
     *   List serializableMock = mock(List.class, withSettings().serializable(SerializableMode.ACROSS_CLASSLOADERS));
     * </code></pre>
     *
     * @param mode serialization mode
     * @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
     * @since 1.10.0
     */
    MockSettings serializable(SerializableMode mode);

    /**
     * Enables real-time logging of method invocations on this mock. Can be used
     * during test debugging in order to find wrong interactions with this mock.
     * <p>
     * Invocations are logged as they happen to the standard output stream.
     * <p>
     * Calling this method multiple times makes no difference.
     * <p>
     * Example:
     * <pre class="code"><code class="java">
     * List mockWithLogger = mock(List.class, withSettings().verboseLogging());
     * </code></pre>
     *
     * @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
     */
    MockSettings verboseLogging();

    /**
     * Registers a listener for method invocations on this mock. The listener is
     * notified every time a method on this mock is called.
     * <p>
     * Multiple listeners may be added and they will be notified in the order they were supplied.
     *
     * Example:
     * <pre class="code"><code class="java">
     *  List mockWithListener = mock(List.class, withSettings().invocationListeners(new YourInvocationListener()));
     * </code></pre>
     *
     * See the {@link InvocationListener listener interface} for more details.
     *
     * @param listeners The invocation listeners to add. May not be null.
     * @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
     */
    MockSettings invocationListeners(InvocationListener... listeners);

    /**
     * Registers a listener(s) that will be notified when user starts verification.
     * See {@link VerificationStartedListener} on how such listener can be useful.
     * <p>
     * When multiple listeners are added, they are notified in order they were supplied.
     * There is no reason to supply multiple listeners but we wanted to keep the API
     * simple and consistent with {@link #invocationListeners(InvocationListener...)}.
     * <p>
     * Throws exception when any of the passed listeners is null or when the entire vararg array is null.
     *
     * @param listeners to be notified when user starts verification.
     * @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
     * @since 2.11.0
     */
    @Incubating
    MockSettings verificationStartedListeners(VerificationStartedListener... listeners);

    /**
     * A stub-only mock does not record method
     * invocations, thus saving memory but
     * disallowing verification of invocations.
     * <p>
     * Example:
     * <pre class="code"><code class="java">
     * List stubOnly = mock(List.class, withSettings().stubOnly());
     * </code></pre>
     *
     * @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
     */
    MockSettings stubOnly();

    /**
     * Mockito attempts to use constructor when creating instance of the mock.
     * This is particularly useful for spying on abstract classes. See also {@link Mockito#spy(Class)}.
     * <p>
     * Example:
     * <pre class="code"><code class="java">
     * //Robust API, via settings builder:
     * OtherAbstract spy = mock(OtherAbstract.class, withSettings()
     *   .useConstructor().defaultAnswer(CALLS_REAL_METHODS));
     *
     * //Mocking an abstract class with constructor arguments
     * SomeAbstract spy = mock(SomeAbstract.class, withSettings()
     *   .useConstructor("arg1", 123).defaultAnswer(CALLS_REAL_METHODS));
     *
     * //Mocking a non-static inner abstract class:
     * InnerAbstract spy = mock(InnerAbstract.class, withSettings()
     *   .useConstructor().outerInstance(outerInstance).defaultAnswer(CALLS_REAL_METHODS));
     * </code></pre>
     *
     * @param args The arguments to pass to the constructor. Not passing any arguments means that a parameter-less
     *             constructor will be called
     * @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
     * @since 2.7.14 (useConstructor with no arguments was supported since 1.10.12)
     */
    @Incubating
    MockSettings useConstructor(Object... args);

    /**
     * Makes it possible to mock non-static inner classes in conjunction with {@link #useConstructor(Object...)}.
     * <p>
     * Example:
     * <pre class="code"><code class="java">
     * InnerClass mock = mock(InnerClass.class, withSettings()
     *   .useConstructor().outerInstance(outerInstance).defaultAnswer(CALLS_REAL_METHODS));
     * </code></pre>
     *
     * @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
     * @since 1.10.12
     */
    @Incubating
    MockSettings outerInstance(Object outerClassInstance);

    /**
     * By default, Mockito makes an attempt to preserve all annotation meta data on the mocked
     * type and its methods to mirror the mocked type as closely as possible. If this is not
     * desired, this option can be used to disable this behavior.
     *
     * @return settings instance so that you can fluently specify other settings
     * @since 1.10.13
     */
    @Incubating
    MockSettings withoutAnnotations();

    /**
     * Creates immutable view of mock settings used later by Mockito.
     * Framework integrators can use this method to create instances of creation settings
     * and use them in advanced use cases, for example to create invocations with {@link InvocationFactory},
     * or to implement custom {@link MockHandler}.
     * Since {@link MockCreationSettings} is {@link NotExtensible}, Mockito public API needs a creation method for this type.
     *
     * @param typeToMock class to mock
     * @param <T> type to mock
     * @return immutable view of mock settings
     * @since 2.10.0
     */
    @Incubating
    <T> MockCreationSettings<T> build(Class<T> typeToMock);
}