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      1 .. highlightlang:: c
      2 
      3 
      4 .. _concrete:
      5 
      6 **********************
      7 Concrete Objects Layer
      8 **********************
      9 
     10 The functions in this chapter are specific to certain Python object types.
     11 Passing them an object of the wrong type is not a good idea; if you receive an
     12 object from a Python program and you are not sure that it has the right type,
     13 you must perform a type check first; for example, to check that an object is a
     14 dictionary, use :c:func:`PyDict_Check`.  The chapter is structured like the
     15 "family tree" of Python object types.
     16 
     17 .. warning::
     18 
     19    While the functions described in this chapter carefully check the type of the
     20    objects which are passed in, many of them do not check for *NULL* being passed
     21    instead of a valid object.  Allowing *NULL* to be passed in can cause memory
     22    access violations and immediate termination of the interpreter.
     23 
     24 
     25 .. _fundamental:
     26 
     27 Fundamental Objects
     28 ===================
     29 
     30 This section describes Python type objects and the singleton object ``None``.
     31 
     32 .. toctree::
     33 
     34    type.rst
     35    none.rst
     36 
     37 
     38 .. _numericobjects:
     39 
     40 Numeric Objects
     41 ===============
     42 
     43 .. index:: object: numeric
     44 
     45 .. toctree::
     46 
     47    int.rst
     48    bool.rst
     49    long.rst
     50    float.rst
     51    complex.rst
     52 
     53 
     54 .. _sequenceobjects:
     55 
     56 Sequence Objects
     57 ================
     58 
     59 .. index:: object: sequence
     60 
     61 Generic operations on sequence objects were discussed in the previous chapter;
     62 this section deals with the specific kinds of sequence objects that are
     63 intrinsic to the Python language.
     64 
     65 .. toctree::
     66 
     67    bytearray.rst
     68    string.rst
     69    unicode.rst
     70    buffer.rst
     71    tuple.rst
     72    list.rst
     73 
     74 
     75 .. _mapobjects:
     76 
     77 Mapping Objects
     78 ===============
     79 
     80 .. index:: object: mapping
     81 
     82 .. toctree::
     83 
     84    dict.rst
     85 
     86 
     87 .. _otherobjects:
     88 
     89 Other Objects
     90 =============
     91 
     92 .. toctree::
     93 
     94    class.rst
     95    function.rst
     96    method.rst
     97    file.rst
     98    module.rst
     99    iterator.rst
    100    descriptor.rst
    101    slice.rst
    102    weakref.rst
    103    capsule.rst
    104    cobject.rst
    105    cell.rst
    106    gen.rst
    107    datetime.rst
    108    set.rst
    109    code.rst
    110