1 :mod:`glob` --- Unix style pathname pattern expansion 2 ===================================================== 3 4 .. module:: glob 5 :synopsis: Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion. 6 7 8 .. index:: single: filenames; pathname expansion 9 10 **Source code:** :source:`Lib/glob.py` 11 12 -------------- 13 14 The :mod:`glob` module finds all the pathnames matching a specified pattern 15 according to the rules used by the Unix shell, although results are returned in 16 arbitrary order. No tilde expansion is done, but ``*``, ``?``, and character 17 ranges expressed with ``[]`` will be correctly matched. This is done by using 18 the :func:`os.listdir` and :func:`fnmatch.fnmatch` functions in concert, and 19 not by actually invoking a subshell. Note that unlike :func:`fnmatch.fnmatch`, 20 :mod:`glob` treats filenames beginning with a dot (``.``) as special cases. 21 (For tilde and shell variable expansion, use :func:`os.path.expanduser` and 22 :func:`os.path.expandvars`.) 23 24 For a literal match, wrap the meta-characters in brackets. 25 For example, ``'[?]'`` matches the character ``'?'``. 26 27 28 .. function:: glob(pathname) 29 30 Return a possibly-empty list of path names that match *pathname*, which must be 31 a string containing a path specification. *pathname* can be either absolute 32 (like :file:`/usr/src/Python-1.5/Makefile`) or relative (like 33 :file:`../../Tools/\*/\*.gif`), and can contain shell-style wildcards. Broken 34 symlinks are included in the results (as in the shell). 35 36 37 .. function:: iglob(pathname) 38 39 Return an :term:`iterator` which yields the same values as :func:`glob` 40 without actually storing them all simultaneously. 41 42 .. versionadded:: 2.5 43 44 For example, consider a directory containing only the following files: 45 :file:`1.gif`, :file:`2.txt`, and :file:`card.gif`. :func:`glob` will produce 46 the following results. Notice how any leading components of the path are 47 preserved. :: 48 49 >>> import glob 50 >>> glob.glob('./[0-9].*') 51 ['./1.gif', './2.txt'] 52 >>> glob.glob('*.gif') 53 ['1.gif', 'card.gif'] 54 >>> glob.glob('?.gif') 55 ['1.gif'] 56 57 If the directory contains files starting with ``.`` they won't be matched by 58 default. For example, consider a directory containing :file:`card.gif` and 59 :file:`.card.gif`:: 60 61 >>> import glob 62 >>> glob.glob('*.gif') 63 ['card.gif'] 64 >>> glob.glob('.c*') 65 ['.card.gif'] 66 67 .. seealso:: 68 69 Module :mod:`fnmatch` 70 Shell-style filename (not path) expansion 71 72
