1 Google C++ Mocking Framework 2 ============================ 3 4 http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/ 5 6 Overview 7 -------- 8 9 Google's framework for writing and using C++ mock classes on a variety 10 of platforms (Linux, Mac OS X, Windows, Windows CE, Symbian, etc). 11 Inspired by jMock, EasyMock, and Hamcrest, and designed with C++'s 12 specifics in mind, it can help you derive better designs of your 13 system and write better tests. 14 15 Google Mock: 16 17 - provides a declarative syntax for defining mocks, 18 - can easily define partial (hybrid) mocks, which are a cross of real 19 and mock objects, 20 - handles functions of arbitrary types and overloaded functions, 21 - comes with a rich set of matchers for validating function arguments, 22 - uses an intuitive syntax for controlling the behavior of a mock, 23 - does automatic verification of expectations (no record-and-replay 24 needed), 25 - allows arbitrary (partial) ordering constraints on 26 function calls to be expressed, 27 - lets a user extend it by defining new matchers and actions. 28 - does not use exceptions, and 29 - is easy to learn and use. 30 31 Please see the project page above for more information as well as the 32 mailing list for questions, discussions, and development. There is 33 also an IRC channel on OFTC (irc.oftc.net) #gtest available. Please 34 join us! 35 36 Please note that code under scripts/generator/ is from the cppclean 37 project (http://code.google.com/p/cppclean/) and under the Apache 38 License, which is different from Google Mock's license. 39 40 Requirements for End Users 41 -------------------------- 42 43 Google Mock is implemented on top of the Google Test C++ testing 44 framework (http://code.google.com/p/googletest/), and includes the 45 latter as part of the SVN repository and distribution package. You 46 must use the bundled version of Google Test when using Google Mock, or 47 you may get compiler/linker errors. 48 49 You can also easily configure Google Mock to work with another testing 50 framework of your choice; although it will still need Google Test as 51 an internal dependency. Please read 52 http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/ForDummies#Using_Google_Mock_with_Any_Testing_Framework 53 for how to do it. 54 55 Google Mock depends on advanced C++ features and thus requires a more 56 modern compiler. The following are needed to use Google Mock: 57 58 ### Linux Requirements ### 59 60 These are the base requirements to build and use Google Mock from a source 61 package (as described below): 62 63 * GNU-compatible Make or "gmake" 64 * POSIX-standard shell 65 * POSIX(-2) Regular Expressions (regex.h) 66 * C++98-standard-compliant compiler (e.g. GCC 3.4 or newer) 67 68 ### Windows Requirements ### 69 70 * Microsoft Visual C++ 8.0 SP1 or newer 71 72 ### Mac OS X Requirements ### 73 74 * Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger or newer 75 * Developer Tools Installed 76 77 Requirements for Contributors 78 ----------------------------- 79 80 We welcome patches. If you plan to contribute a patch, you need to 81 build Google Mock and its own tests from an SVN checkout (described 82 below), which has further requirements: 83 84 * Automake version 1.9 or newer 85 * Autoconf version 2.59 or newer 86 * Libtool / Libtoolize 87 * Python version 2.3 or newer (for running some of the tests and 88 re-generating certain source files from templates) 89 90 Getting the Source 91 ------------------ 92 93 There are two primary ways of getting Google Mock's source code: you 94 can download a stable source release in your preferred archive format, 95 or directly check out the source from our Subversion (SVN) repository. 96 The SVN checkout requires a few extra steps and some extra software 97 packages on your system, but lets you track development and make 98 patches much more easily, so we highly encourage it. 99 100 ### Source Package ### 101 102 Google Mock is released in versioned source packages which can be 103 downloaded from the download page [1]. Several different archive 104 formats are provided, but the only difference is the tools needed to 105 extract their contents, and the size of the resulting file. Download 106 whichever you are most comfortable with. 107 108 [1] http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/downloads/list 109 110 Once downloaded expand the archive using whichever tools you prefer 111 for that type. This will always result in a new directory with the 112 name "gmock-X.Y.Z" which contains all of the source code. Here are 113 some examples on Linux: 114 115 tar -xvzf gmock-X.Y.Z.tar.gz 116 tar -xvjf gmock-X.Y.Z.tar.bz2 117 unzip gmock-X.Y.Z.zip 118 119 ### SVN Checkout ### 120 121 To check out the main branch (also known as the "trunk") of Google 122 Mock, run the following Subversion command: 123 124 svn checkout http://googlemock.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ gmock-svn 125 126 If you are using a *nix system and plan to use the GNU Autotools build 127 system to build Google Mock (described below), you'll need to 128 configure it now. Otherwise you are done with getting the source 129 files. 130 131 To prepare the Autotools build system, enter the target directory of 132 the checkout command you used ('gmock-svn') and proceed with the 133 following command: 134 135 autoreconf -fvi 136 137 Once you have completed this step, you are ready to build the library. 138 Note that you should only need to complete this step once. The 139 subsequent 'make' invocations will automatically re-generate the bits 140 of the build system that need to be changed. 141 142 If your system uses older versions of the autotools, the above command 143 will fail. You may need to explicitly specify a version to use. For 144 instance, if you have both GNU Automake 1.4 and 1.9 installed and 145 'automake' would invoke the 1.4, use instead: 146 147 AUTOMAKE=automake-1.9 ACLOCAL=aclocal-1.9 autoreconf -fvi 148 149 Make sure you're using the same version of automake and aclocal. 150 151 Setting up the Build 152 -------------------- 153 154 To build Google Mock and your tests that use it, you need to tell your 155 build system where to find its headers and source files. The exact 156 way to do it depends on which build system you use, and is usually 157 straightforward. 158 159 ### Generic Build Instructions ### 160 161 This section shows how you can integrate Google Mock into your 162 existing build system. 163 164 Suppose you put Google Mock in directory ${GMOCK_DIR} and Google Test 165 in ${GTEST_DIR} (the latter is ${GMOCK_DIR}/gtest by default). To 166 build Google Mock, create a library build target (or a project as 167 called by Visual Studio and Xcode) to compile 168 169 ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc and ${GMOCK_DIR}/src/gmock-all.cc 170 171 with 172 173 ${GTEST_DIR}/include and ${GMOCK_DIR}/include 174 175 in the system header search path, and 176 177 ${GTEST_DIR} and ${GMOCK_DIR} 178 179 in the normal header search path. Assuming a Linux-like system and gcc, 180 something like the following will do: 181 182 g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \ 183 -isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include -I${GMOCK_DIR} \ 184 -pthread -c ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc 185 g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \ 186 -isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include -I${GMOCK_DIR} \ 187 -pthread -c ${GMOCK_DIR}/src/gmock-all.cc 188 ar -rv libgmock.a gtest-all.o gmock-all.o 189 190 (We need -pthread as Google Test and Google Mock use threads.) 191 192 Next, you should compile your test source file with 193 ${GTEST_DIR}/include and ${GMOCK_DIR}/include in the header search 194 path, and link it with gmock and any other necessary libraries: 195 196 g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include \ 197 -pthread path/to/your_test.cc libgmock.a -o your_test 198 199 As an example, the make/ directory contains a Makefile that you can 200 use to build Google Mock on systems where GNU make is available 201 (e.g. Linux, Mac OS X, and Cygwin). It doesn't try to build Google 202 Mock's own tests. Instead, it just builds the Google Mock library and 203 a sample test. You can use it as a starting point for your own build 204 script. 205 206 If the default settings are correct for your environment, the 207 following commands should succeed: 208 209 cd ${GMOCK_DIR}/make 210 make 211 ./gmock_test 212 213 If you see errors, try to tweak the contents of make/Makefile to make 214 them go away. There are instructions in make/Makefile on how to do 215 it. 216 217 ### Windows ### 218 219 The msvc/2005 directory contains VC++ 2005 projects and the msvc/2010 220 directory contains VC++ 2010 projects for building Google Mock and 221 selected tests. 222 223 Change to the appropriate directory and run "msbuild gmock.sln" to 224 build the library and tests (or open the gmock.sln in the MSVC IDE). 225 If you want to create your own project to use with Google Mock, you'll 226 have to configure it to use the gmock_config propety sheet. For that: 227 228 * Open the Property Manager window (View | Other Windows | Property Manager) 229 * Right-click on your project and select "Add Existing Property Sheet..." 230 * Navigate to gmock_config.vsprops or gmock_config.props and select it. 231 * In Project Properties | Configuration Properties | General | Additional 232 Include Directories, type <path to Google Mock>/include. 233 234 Tweaking Google Mock 235 -------------------- 236 237 Google Mock can be used in diverse environments. The default 238 configuration may not work (or may not work well) out of the box in 239 some environments. However, you can easily tweak Google Mock by 240 defining control macros on the compiler command line. Generally, 241 these macros are named like GTEST_XYZ and you define them to either 1 242 or 0 to enable or disable a certain feature. 243 244 We list the most frequently used macros below. For a complete list, 245 see file ${GTEST_DIR}/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h. 246 247 ### Choosing a TR1 Tuple Library ### 248 249 Google Mock uses the C++ Technical Report 1 (TR1) tuple library 250 heavily. Unfortunately TR1 tuple is not yet widely available with all 251 compilers. The good news is that Google Test 1.4.0+ implements a 252 subset of TR1 tuple that's enough for Google Mock's need. Google Mock 253 will automatically use that implementation when the compiler doesn't 254 provide TR1 tuple. 255 256 Usually you don't need to care about which tuple library Google Test 257 and Google Mock use. However, if your project already uses TR1 tuple, 258 you need to tell Google Test and Google Mock to use the same TR1 tuple 259 library the rest of your project uses, or the two tuple 260 implementations will clash. To do that, add 261 262 -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=0 263 264 to the compiler flags while compiling Google Test, Google Mock, and 265 your tests. If you want to force Google Test and Google Mock to use 266 their own tuple library, just add 267 268 -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=1 269 270 to the compiler flags instead. 271 272 If you want to use Boost's TR1 tuple library with Google Mock, please 273 refer to the Boost website (http://www.boost.org/) for how to obtain 274 it and set it up. 275 276 ### As a Shared Library (DLL) ### 277 278 Google Mock is compact, so most users can build and link it as a static 279 library for the simplicity. Google Mock can be used as a DLL, but the 280 same DLL must contain Google Test as well. See Google Test's README 281 file for instructions on how to set up necessary compiler settings. 282 283 ### Tweaking Google Mock ### 284 285 Most of Google Test's control macros apply to Google Mock as well. 286 Please see file ${GTEST_DIR}/README for how to tweak them. 287 288 Upgrading from an Earlier Version 289 --------------------------------- 290 291 We strive to keep Google Mock releases backward compatible. 292 Sometimes, though, we have to make some breaking changes for the 293 users' long-term benefits. This section describes what you'll need to 294 do if you are upgrading from an earlier version of Google Mock. 295 296 ### Upgrading from 1.1.0 or Earlier ### 297 298 You may need to explicitly enable or disable Google Test's own TR1 299 tuple library. See the instructions in section "Choosing a TR1 Tuple 300 Library". 301 302 ### Upgrading from 1.4.0 or Earlier ### 303 304 On platforms where the pthread library is available, Google Test and 305 Google Mock use it in order to be thread-safe. For this to work, you 306 may need to tweak your compiler and/or linker flags. Please see the 307 "Multi-threaded Tests" section in file ${GTEST_DIR}/README for what 308 you may need to do. 309 310 If you have custom matchers defined using MatcherInterface or 311 MakePolymorphicMatcher(), you'll need to update their definitions to 312 use the new matcher API [2]. Matchers defined using MATCHER() or 313 MATCHER_P*() aren't affected. 314 315 [2] http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/CookBook#Writing_New_Monomorphic_Matchers, 316 http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/CookBook#Writing_New_Polymorphic_Matchers 317 318 Developing Google Mock 319 ---------------------- 320 321 This section discusses how to make your own changes to Google Mock. 322 323 ### Testing Google Mock Itself ### 324 325 To make sure your changes work as intended and don't break existing 326 functionality, you'll want to compile and run Google Test's own tests. 327 For that you'll need Autotools. First, make sure you have followed 328 the instructions in section "SVN Checkout" to configure Google Mock. 329 Then, create a build output directory and enter it. Next, 330 331 ${GMOCK_DIR}/configure # Standard GNU configure script, --help for more info 332 333 Once you have successfully configured Google Mock, the build steps are 334 standard for GNU-style OSS packages. 335 336 make # Standard makefile following GNU conventions 337 make check # Builds and runs all tests - all should pass. 338 339 Note that when building your project against Google Mock, you are building 340 against Google Test as well. There is no need to configure Google Test 341 separately. 342 343 ### Regenerating Source Files ### 344 345 Some of Google Mock's source files are generated from templates (not 346 in the C++ sense) using a script. A template file is named FOO.pump, 347 where FOO is the name of the file it will generate. For example, the 348 file include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump is used to generate 349 gmock-generated-actions.h in the same directory. 350 351 Normally you don't need to worry about regenerating the source files, 352 unless you need to modify them. In that case, you should modify the 353 corresponding .pump files instead and run the 'pump' script (for Pump 354 is Useful for Meta Programming) to regenerate them. You can find 355 pump.py in the ${GTEST_DIR}/scripts/ directory. Read the Pump manual 356 [3] for how to use it. 357 358 [3] http://code.google.com/p/googletest/wiki/PumpManual. 359 360 ### Contributing a Patch ### 361 362 We welcome patches. Please read the Google Mock developer's guide [4] 363 for how you can contribute. In particular, make sure you have signed 364 the Contributor License Agreement, or we won't be able to accept the 365 patch. 366 367 [4] http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/DevGuide 368 369 Happy testing! 370
