1 /* 2 * Copyright 2018 The Android Open Source Project 3 * 4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at 7 * 8 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 9 * 10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 14 * limitations under the License. 15 */ 16 17 #define LOG_TAG "DrmMetricsTest" 18 #include "mediadrm/DrmMetrics.h" 19 20 #include <android/hardware/drm/1.0/types.h> 21 #include <android/hardware/drm/1.1/types.h> 22 #include <binder/PersistableBundle.h> 23 #include <google/protobuf/text_format.h> 24 #include <google/protobuf/util/message_differencer.h> 25 #include <gtest/gtest.h> 26 #include <utils/Log.h> 27 28 #include "protos/metrics.pb.h" 29 30 using ::android::drm_metrics::DrmFrameworkMetrics; 31 using ::android::hardware::hidl_vec; 32 using ::android::hardware::drm::V1_0::EventType; 33 using ::android::hardware::drm::V1_0::KeyStatusType; 34 using ::android::hardware::drm::V1_0::Status; 35 using ::android::hardware::drm::V1_1::DrmMetricGroup; 36 using ::android::os::PersistableBundle; 37 using ::google::protobuf::util::MessageDifferencer; 38 using ::google::protobuf::TextFormat; 39 40 namespace android { 41 42 /** 43 * Unit tests for the MediaDrmMetrics class. 44 */ 45 class MediaDrmMetricsTest : public ::testing::Test {}; 46 47 /** 48 * This derived class mocks the clock for testing purposes. 49 */ 50 class FakeMediaDrmMetrics : public MediaDrmMetrics { 51 public: 52 FakeMediaDrmMetrics() : MediaDrmMetrics(), time_(0) {}; 53 54 int64_t GetCurrentTimeMs() { return time_++; } 55 int64_t time_; 56 }; 57 58 TEST_F(MediaDrmMetricsTest, EmptySuccess) { 59 MediaDrmMetrics metrics; 60 PersistableBundle bundle; 61 62 metrics.Export(&bundle); 63 EXPECT_TRUE(bundle.empty()); 64 } 65 66 TEST_F(MediaDrmMetricsTest, AllValuesSuccessCounts) { 67 MediaDrmMetrics metrics; 68 69 metrics.mOpenSessionCounter.Increment(OK); 70 metrics.mCloseSessionCounter.Increment(OK); 71 72 { 73 EventTimer<status_t> get_key_request_timer(&metrics.mGetKeyRequestTimeUs); 74 EventTimer<status_t> provide_key_response_timer( 75 &metrics.mProvideKeyResponseTimeUs); 76 get_key_request_timer.SetAttribute(OK); 77 provide_key_response_timer.SetAttribute(OK); 78 } 79 80 metrics.mGetProvisionRequestCounter.Increment(OK); 81 metrics.mProvideProvisionResponseCounter.Increment(OK); 82 metrics.mGetDeviceUniqueIdCounter.Increment(OK); 83 84 metrics.mKeyStatusChangeCounter.Increment(KeyStatusType::USABLE); 85 metrics.mEventCounter.Increment(EventType::PROVISION_REQUIRED); 86 87 PersistableBundle bundle; 88 89 metrics.Export(&bundle); 90 EXPECT_EQ(11U, bundle.size()); 91 92 // Verify the list of pairs of int64 metrics. 93 std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int64_t>> expected_values = { 94 { "drm.mediadrm.open_session.ok.count", 1 }, 95 { "drm.mediadrm.close_session.ok.count", 1 }, 96 { "drm.mediadrm.get_key_request.ok.count", 1 }, 97 { "drm.mediadrm.provide_key_response.ok.count", 1 }, 98 { "drm.mediadrm.get_provision_request.ok.count", 1 }, 99 { "drm.mediadrm.provide_provision_response.ok.count", 1 }, 100 { "drm.mediadrm.key_status_change.USABLE.count", 1 }, 101 { "drm.mediadrm.event.PROVISION_REQUIRED.count", 1 }, 102 { "drm.mediadrm.get_device_unique_id.ok.count", 1 }}; 103 for (const auto& expected_pair : expected_values) { 104 String16 key(expected_pair.first.c_str()); 105 int64_t value = -1; 106 EXPECT_TRUE(bundle.getLong(key, &value)) 107 << "Unexpected error retrieviing key: " << key; 108 EXPECT_EQ(expected_pair.second, value) 109 << "Unexpected value for " << expected_pair.first << ". " << value; 110 } 111 112 // Validate timing values exist. 113 String16 get_key_request_key( 114 "drm.mediadrm.get_key_request.ok.average_time_micros"); 115 String16 provide_key_response_key( 116 "drm.mediadrm.provide_key_response.ok.average_time_micros"); 117 int64_t value = -1; 118 EXPECT_TRUE(bundle.getLong(get_key_request_key, &value)); 119 EXPECT_GE(value, 0); 120 value = -1; 121 EXPECT_TRUE(bundle.getLong(provide_key_response_key, &value)); 122 EXPECT_GE(value, 0); 123 } 124 125 TEST_F(MediaDrmMetricsTest, AllValuesFull) { 126 MediaDrmMetrics metrics; 127 128 metrics.mOpenSessionCounter.Increment(OK); 129 metrics.mOpenSessionCounter.Increment(UNEXPECTED_NULL); 130 131 metrics.mCloseSessionCounter.Increment(OK); 132 metrics.mCloseSessionCounter.Increment(UNEXPECTED_NULL); 133 134 for (status_t s : {OK, UNEXPECTED_NULL}) { 135 { 136 EventTimer<status_t> get_key_request_timer(&metrics.mGetKeyRequestTimeUs); 137 EventTimer<status_t> provide_key_response_timer( 138 &metrics.mProvideKeyResponseTimeUs); 139 get_key_request_timer.SetAttribute(s); 140 provide_key_response_timer.SetAttribute(s); 141 } 142 } 143 144 metrics.mGetProvisionRequestCounter.Increment(OK); 145 metrics.mGetProvisionRequestCounter.Increment(UNEXPECTED_NULL); 146 metrics.mProvideProvisionResponseCounter.Increment(OK); 147 metrics.mProvideProvisionResponseCounter.Increment(UNEXPECTED_NULL); 148 metrics.mGetDeviceUniqueIdCounter.Increment(OK); 149 metrics.mGetDeviceUniqueIdCounter.Increment(UNEXPECTED_NULL); 150 151 metrics.mKeyStatusChangeCounter.Increment(KeyStatusType::USABLE); 152 metrics.mKeyStatusChangeCounter.Increment(KeyStatusType::EXPIRED); 153 metrics.mKeyStatusChangeCounter.Increment(KeyStatusType::OUTPUTNOTALLOWED); 154 metrics.mKeyStatusChangeCounter.Increment(KeyStatusType::STATUSPENDING); 155 metrics.mKeyStatusChangeCounter.Increment(KeyStatusType::INTERNALERROR); 156 metrics.mEventCounter.Increment(EventType::PROVISION_REQUIRED); 157 metrics.mEventCounter.Increment(EventType::KEY_NEEDED); 158 metrics.mEventCounter.Increment(EventType::KEY_EXPIRED); 159 metrics.mEventCounter.Increment(EventType::VENDOR_DEFINED); 160 metrics.mEventCounter.Increment(EventType::SESSION_RECLAIMED); 161 162 android::Vector<uint8_t> sessionId1; 163 sessionId1.push_back(1); 164 sessionId1.push_back(2); 165 android::Vector<uint8_t> sessionId2; 166 sessionId2.push_back(3); 167 sessionId2.push_back(4); 168 String16 hexSessionId1("0102"); 169 String16 hexSessionId2("0304"); 170 171 metrics.SetSessionStart(sessionId1); 172 metrics.SetSessionStart(sessionId2); 173 metrics.SetSessionEnd(sessionId2); 174 metrics.SetSessionEnd(sessionId1); 175 176 PersistableBundle bundle; 177 metrics.Export(&bundle); 178 EXPECT_EQ(35U, bundle.size()); 179 180 // Verify the list of pairs of int64 metrics. 181 std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int64_t>> expected_values = { 182 { "drm.mediadrm.open_session.ok.count", 1 }, 183 { "drm.mediadrm.close_session.ok.count", 1 }, 184 { "drm.mediadrm.get_key_request.ok.count", 1 }, 185 { "drm.mediadrm.provide_key_response.ok.count", 1 }, 186 { "drm.mediadrm.get_provision_request.ok.count", 1 }, 187 { "drm.mediadrm.provide_provision_response.ok.count", 1 }, 188 { "drm.mediadrm.get_device_unique_id.ok.count", 1 }, 189 { "drm.mediadrm.open_session.error.count", 1 }, 190 { "drm.mediadrm.close_session.error.count", 1 }, 191 { "drm.mediadrm.get_key_request.error.count", 1 }, 192 { "drm.mediadrm.provide_key_response.error.count", 1 }, 193 { "drm.mediadrm.get_provision_request.error.count", 1 }, 194 { "drm.mediadrm.provide_provision_response.error.count", 1 }, 195 { "drm.mediadrm.get_device_unique_id.error.count", 1 }, 196 { "drm.mediadrm.key_status_change.USABLE.count", 1 }, 197 { "drm.mediadrm.key_status_change.EXPIRED.count", 1 }, 198 { "drm.mediadrm.key_status_change.OUTPUT_NOT_ALLOWED.count", 1 }, 199 { "drm.mediadrm.key_status_change.STATUS_PENDING.count", 1 }, 200 { "drm.mediadrm.key_status_change.INTERNAL_ERROR.count", 1 }, 201 { "drm.mediadrm.event.PROVISION_REQUIRED.count", 1 }, 202 { "drm.mediadrm.event.KEY_NEEDED.count", 1 }, 203 { "drm.mediadrm.event.KEY_EXPIRED.count", 1 }, 204 { "drm.mediadrm.event.VENDOR_DEFINED.count", 1 }, 205 { "drm.mediadrm.event.SESSION_RECLAIMED.count", 1 }}; 206 for (const auto& expected_pair : expected_values) { 207 String16 key(expected_pair.first.c_str()); 208 int64_t value = -1; 209 EXPECT_TRUE(bundle.getLong(key, &value)) 210 << "Unexpected error retrieviing key: " << key; 211 EXPECT_EQ(expected_pair.second, value) 212 << "Unexpected value for " << expected_pair.first << ". " << value; 213 } 214 215 // Verify the error lists 216 std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::vector<int64_t>>> expected_vector_values = { 217 { "drm.mediadrm.close_session.error.list", { UNEXPECTED_NULL } }, 218 { "drm.mediadrm.get_device_unique_id.error.list", { UNEXPECTED_NULL } }, 219 { "drm.mediadrm.get_key_request.error.list", { UNEXPECTED_NULL } }, 220 { "drm.mediadrm.get_provision_request.error.list", { UNEXPECTED_NULL } }, 221 { "drm.mediadrm.open_session.error.list", { UNEXPECTED_NULL } }, 222 { "drm.mediadrm.provide_key_response.error.list", { UNEXPECTED_NULL } }, 223 { "drm.mediadrm.provide_provision_response.error.list", { UNEXPECTED_NULL } }}; 224 for (const auto& expected_pair : expected_vector_values) { 225 String16 key(expected_pair.first.c_str()); 226 std::vector<int64_t> values; 227 EXPECT_TRUE(bundle.getLongVector(key, &values)) 228 << "Unexpected error retrieviing key: " << key; 229 for (auto expected : expected_pair.second) { 230 EXPECT_TRUE(std::find(values.begin(), values.end(), expected) != values.end()) 231 << "Could not find " << expected << " for key " << expected_pair.first; 232 } 233 } 234 235 // Verify the lifespans 236 PersistableBundle start_times; 237 PersistableBundle end_times; 238 String16 start_time_key("drm.mediadrm.session_start_times_ms"); 239 String16 end_time_key("drm.mediadrm.session_end_times_ms"); 240 ASSERT_TRUE(bundle.getPersistableBundle(start_time_key, &start_times)); 241 ASSERT_TRUE(bundle.getPersistableBundle(end_time_key, &end_times)); 242 EXPECT_EQ(2U, start_times.size()); 243 EXPECT_EQ(2U, end_times.size()); 244 int64_t start_time, end_time; 245 for (const auto& sid : { hexSessionId1, hexSessionId2 }) { 246 start_time = -1; 247 end_time = -1; 248 EXPECT_TRUE(start_times.getLong(sid, &start_time)); 249 EXPECT_TRUE(end_times.getLong(sid, &end_time)); 250 EXPECT_GT(start_time, 0); 251 EXPECT_GE(end_time, start_time); 252 } 253 254 // Validate timing values exist. 255 String16 get_key_request_key( 256 "drm.mediadrm.get_key_request.ok.average_time_micros"); 257 String16 provide_key_response_key( 258 "drm.mediadrm.provide_key_response.ok.average_time_micros"); 259 int64_t value = -1; 260 EXPECT_TRUE(bundle.getLong(get_key_request_key, &value)); 261 EXPECT_GE(value, 0); 262 value = -1; 263 EXPECT_TRUE(bundle.getLong(provide_key_response_key, &value)); 264 EXPECT_GE(value, 0); 265 } 266 267 268 TEST_F(MediaDrmMetricsTest, CounterValuesProtoSerialization) { 269 MediaDrmMetrics metrics; 270 271 metrics.mOpenSessionCounter.Increment(OK); 272 metrics.mOpenSessionCounter.Increment(UNEXPECTED_NULL); 273 metrics.mCloseSessionCounter.Increment(OK); 274 metrics.mCloseSessionCounter.Increment(UNEXPECTED_NULL); 275 276 metrics.mGetProvisionRequestCounter.Increment(OK); 277 metrics.mGetProvisionRequestCounter.Increment(UNEXPECTED_NULL); 278 metrics.mProvideProvisionResponseCounter.Increment(OK); 279 metrics.mProvideProvisionResponseCounter.Increment(UNEXPECTED_NULL); 280 metrics.mGetDeviceUniqueIdCounter.Increment(OK); 281 metrics.mGetDeviceUniqueIdCounter.Increment(UNEXPECTED_NULL); 282 283 metrics.mKeyStatusChangeCounter.Increment(KeyStatusType::USABLE); 284 metrics.mKeyStatusChangeCounter.Increment(KeyStatusType::EXPIRED); 285 metrics.mKeyStatusChangeCounter.Increment(KeyStatusType::OUTPUTNOTALLOWED); 286 metrics.mKeyStatusChangeCounter.Increment(KeyStatusType::STATUSPENDING); 287 metrics.mKeyStatusChangeCounter.Increment(KeyStatusType::INTERNALERROR); 288 metrics.mEventCounter.Increment(EventType::PROVISION_REQUIRED); 289 metrics.mEventCounter.Increment(EventType::KEY_NEEDED); 290 metrics.mEventCounter.Increment(EventType::KEY_EXPIRED); 291 metrics.mEventCounter.Increment(EventType::VENDOR_DEFINED); 292 metrics.mEventCounter.Increment(EventType::SESSION_RECLAIMED); 293 294 std::string serializedMetrics; 295 ASSERT_EQ(OK, metrics.GetSerializedMetrics(&serializedMetrics)); 296 297 DrmFrameworkMetrics metricsProto; 298 ASSERT_TRUE(metricsProto.ParseFromString(serializedMetrics)); 299 300 std::string expectedMetrics = 301 "open_session_counter { count: 1 attributes { error_code: -0x7FFFFFF8 } } " 302 "open_session_counter { count: 1 attributes { error_code: 0 } } " 303 "close_session_counter { count: 1 attributes { error_code: -0x7FFFFFF8 } } " 304 "close_session_counter { count: 1 attributes { error_code: 0 } } " 305 "get_provisioning_request_counter { count: 1 attributes { error_code: -0x7FFFFFF8 } } " 306 "get_provisioning_request_counter { count: 1 attributes { error_code: 0 } } " 307 "provide_provisioning_response_counter { count: 1 attributes { error_code: -0x7ffffff8 } } " 308 "provide_provisioning_response_counter { count: 1 attributes { error_code: 0 } } " 309 "get_device_unique_id_counter { count: 1 attributes { error_code: -0x7ffffff8 } } " 310 "get_device_unique_id_counter { count: 1 attributes { error_code: 0 } } " 311 "key_status_change_counter { count: 1 attributes { key_status_type: 0 } } " 312 "key_status_change_counter { count: 1 attributes { key_status_type: 1 } } " 313 "key_status_change_counter { count: 1 attributes { key_status_type: 2 } } " 314 "key_status_change_counter { count: 1 attributes { key_status_type: 3 } } " 315 "key_status_change_counter { count: 1 attributes { key_status_type: 4 } } " 316 "event_callback_counter { count: 1 attributes { event_type: 0 } } " 317 "event_callback_counter { count: 1 attributes { event_type: 1 } } " 318 "event_callback_counter { count: 1 attributes { event_type: 2 } } " 319 "event_callback_counter { count: 1 attributes { event_type: 3 } } " 320 "event_callback_counter { count: 1 attributes { event_type: 4 } } "; 321 322 DrmFrameworkMetrics expectedMetricsProto; 323 ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::MergeFromString(expectedMetrics, &expectedMetricsProto)); 324 325 std::string diffString; 326 MessageDifferencer differ; 327 differ.ReportDifferencesToString(&diffString); 328 ASSERT_TRUE(differ.Compare(expectedMetricsProto, metricsProto)) 329 << diffString; 330 } 331 332 TEST_F(MediaDrmMetricsTest, TimeMetricsProtoSerialization) { 333 MediaDrmMetrics metrics; 334 335 for (status_t s : {OK, UNEXPECTED_NULL}) { 336 double time = 0; 337 for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { 338 time += 1.0; 339 metrics.mGetKeyRequestTimeUs.Record(time, s); 340 metrics.mProvideKeyResponseTimeUs.Record(time, s); 341 } 342 } 343 344 std::string serializedMetrics; 345 ASSERT_EQ(OK, metrics.GetSerializedMetrics(&serializedMetrics)); 346 347 DrmFrameworkMetrics metricsProto; 348 ASSERT_TRUE(metricsProto.ParseFromString(serializedMetrics)); 349 350 std::string expectedMetrics = 351 "get_key_request_time_us { " 352 " min: 1 max: 5 mean: 3.5 variance: 1 operation_count: 5 " 353 " attributes { error_code: -0x7FFFFFF8 } " 354 "} " 355 "get_key_request_time_us { " 356 " min: 1 max: 5 mean: 3.5 variance: 1 operation_count: 5 " 357 " attributes { error_code: 0 } " 358 "} " 359 "provide_key_response_time_us { " 360 " min: 1 max: 5 mean: 3.5 variance: 1 operation_count: 5 " 361 " attributes { error_code: -0x7FFFFFF8 } " 362 "} " 363 "provide_key_response_time_us { " 364 " min: 1 max: 5 mean: 3.5 variance: 1 operation_count: 5 " 365 " attributes { error_code: 0 } " 366 "} "; 367 368 DrmFrameworkMetrics expectedMetricsProto; 369 ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::MergeFromString(expectedMetrics, &expectedMetricsProto)); 370 371 std::string diffString; 372 MessageDifferencer differ; 373 differ.ReportDifferencesToString(&diffString); 374 ASSERT_TRUE(differ.Compare(expectedMetricsProto, metricsProto)) 375 << diffString; 376 } 377 378 TEST_F(MediaDrmMetricsTest, SessionLifetimeProtoSerialization) { 379 // Use the fake so the clock is predictable; 380 FakeMediaDrmMetrics metrics; 381 382 android::Vector<uint8_t> sessionId1; 383 sessionId1.push_back(1); 384 sessionId1.push_back(2); 385 android::Vector<uint8_t> sessionId2; 386 sessionId2.push_back(3); 387 sessionId2.push_back(4); 388 389 metrics.SetSessionStart(sessionId1); 390 metrics.SetSessionStart(sessionId2); 391 metrics.SetSessionEnd(sessionId2); 392 metrics.SetSessionEnd(sessionId1); 393 394 std::string serializedMetrics; 395 ASSERT_EQ(OK, metrics.GetSerializedMetrics(&serializedMetrics)); 396 397 DrmFrameworkMetrics metricsProto; 398 ASSERT_TRUE(metricsProto.ParseFromString(serializedMetrics)); 399 400 std::string expectedMetrics = 401 "session_lifetimes: { " 402 " key: '0102' " 403 " value { start_time_ms: 0 end_time_ms: 3 } " 404 "} " 405 "session_lifetimes: { " 406 " key: '0304' " 407 " value { start_time_ms: 1 end_time_ms: 2 } " 408 "} "; 409 410 DrmFrameworkMetrics expectedMetricsProto; 411 ASSERT_TRUE(TextFormat::MergeFromString(expectedMetrics, &expectedMetricsProto)); 412 413 std::string diffString; 414 MessageDifferencer differ; 415 differ.ReportDifferencesToString(&diffString); 416 ASSERT_TRUE(differ.Compare(expectedMetricsProto, metricsProto)) 417 << diffString; 418 } 419 420 TEST_F(MediaDrmMetricsTest, HidlToBundleMetricsEmpty) { 421 hidl_vec<DrmMetricGroup> hidlMetricGroups; 422 PersistableBundle bundleMetricGroups; 423 424 ASSERT_EQ(OK, MediaDrmMetrics::HidlMetricsToBundle(hidlMetricGroups, &bundleMetricGroups)); 425 ASSERT_EQ(0U, bundleMetricGroups.size()); 426 } 427 428 TEST_F(MediaDrmMetricsTest, HidlToBundleMetricsMultiple) { 429 DrmMetricGroup hidlMetricGroup = 430 { { { 431 "open_session_ok", 432 { { "status", DrmMetricGroup::ValueType::INT64_TYPE, 433 (int64_t) Status::OK, 0.0, "" } }, 434 { { "count", DrmMetricGroup::ValueType::INT64_TYPE, 3, 0.0, "" } } 435 }, 436 { 437 "close_session_not_opened", 438 { { "status", DrmMetricGroup::ValueType::INT64_TYPE, 439 (int64_t) Status::ERROR_DRM_SESSION_NOT_OPENED, 0.0, "" } }, 440 { { "count", DrmMetricGroup::ValueType::INT64_TYPE, 7, 0.0, "" } } 441 } } }; 442 443 PersistableBundle bundleMetricGroups; 444 ASSERT_EQ(OK, MediaDrmMetrics::HidlMetricsToBundle(hidl_vec<DrmMetricGroup>({hidlMetricGroup}), 445 &bundleMetricGroups)); 446 ASSERT_EQ(1U, bundleMetricGroups.size()); 447 PersistableBundle bundleMetricGroup; 448 ASSERT_TRUE(bundleMetricGroups.getPersistableBundle(String16("[0]"), &bundleMetricGroup)); 449 ASSERT_EQ(2U, bundleMetricGroup.size()); 450 451 // Verify each metric. 452 PersistableBundle metric; 453 ASSERT_TRUE(bundleMetricGroup.getPersistableBundle(String16("open_session_ok"), &metric)); 454 PersistableBundle metricInstance; 455 ASSERT_TRUE(metric.getPersistableBundle(String16("[0]"), &metricInstance)); 456 int64_t value = 0; 457 ASSERT_TRUE(metricInstance.getLong(String16("count"), &value)); 458 ASSERT_EQ(3, value); 459 PersistableBundle attributeBundle; 460 ASSERT_TRUE(metricInstance.getPersistableBundle(String16("attributes"), &attributeBundle)); 461 ASSERT_TRUE(attributeBundle.getLong(String16("status"), &value)); 462 ASSERT_EQ((int64_t) Status::OK, value); 463 464 ASSERT_TRUE(bundleMetricGroup.getPersistableBundle(String16("close_session_not_opened"), 465 &metric)); 466 ASSERT_TRUE(metric.getPersistableBundle(String16("[0]"), &metricInstance)); 467 ASSERT_TRUE(metricInstance.getLong(String16("count"), &value)); 468 ASSERT_EQ(7, value); 469 ASSERT_TRUE(metricInstance.getPersistableBundle(String16("attributes"), &attributeBundle)); 470 value = 0; 471 ASSERT_TRUE(attributeBundle.getLong(String16("status"), &value)); 472 ASSERT_EQ((int64_t) Status::ERROR_DRM_SESSION_NOT_OPENED, value); 473 } 474 475 } // namespace android 476
