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      1 // SGI's rope class implementation -*- C++ -*-
      2 
      3 // Copyright (C) 2001-2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
      4 //
      5 // This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
      6 // software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
      7 // terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
      8 // Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
      9 // any later version.
     10 
     11 // This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
     12 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     13 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
     14 // GNU General Public License for more details.
     15 
     16 // Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
     17 // permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
     18 // 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
     19 
     20 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
     21 // a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
     22 // see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
     23 // <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
     24 
     25 /*
     26  * Copyright (c) 1997
     27  * Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Inc.
     28  *
     29  * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
     30  * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
     31  * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
     32  * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
     33  * in supporting documentation.  Silicon Graphics makes no
     34  * representations about the suitability of this software for any
     35  * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
     36  */
     37 
     38 /** @file ropeimpl.h
     39  *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
     40  *  Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{ext/rope}
     41  */
     42 
     43 #include <cstdio>
     44 #include <ostream>
     45 #include <bits/functexcept.h>
     46 
     47 #include <ext/algorithm> // For copy_n and lexicographical_compare_3way
     48 #include <ext/memory> // For uninitialized_copy_n
     49 #include <ext/numeric> // For power
     50 
     51 namespace __gnu_cxx _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
     52 {
     53 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
     54 
     55   using std::size_t;
     56   using std::printf;
     57   using std::basic_ostream;
     58   using std::__throw_length_error;
     59   using std::_Destroy;
     60   using std::__uninitialized_fill_n_a;
     61 
     62   // Set buf_start, buf_end, and buf_ptr appropriately, filling tmp_buf
     63   // if necessary.  Assumes _M_path_end[leaf_index] and leaf_pos are correct.
     64   // Results in a valid buf_ptr if the iterator can be legitimately
     65   // dereferenced.
     66   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
     67     void
     68     _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::
     69     _S_setbuf(_Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x)
     70     {
     71       const _RopeRep* __leaf = __x._M_path_end[__x._M_leaf_index];
     72       size_t __leaf_pos = __x._M_leaf_pos;
     73       size_t __pos = __x._M_current_pos;
     74 
     75       switch(__leaf->_M_tag)
     76 	{
     77 	case __detail::_S_leaf:
     78 	  __x._M_buf_start = ((_Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT, _Alloc>*)__leaf)->_M_data;
     79 	  __x._M_buf_ptr = __x._M_buf_start + (__pos - __leaf_pos);
     80 	  __x._M_buf_end = __x._M_buf_start + __leaf->_M_size;
     81 	  break;
     82 	case __detail::_S_function:
     83 	case __detail::_S_substringfn:
     84 	  {
     85 	    size_t __len = _S_iterator_buf_len;
     86 	    size_t __buf_start_pos = __leaf_pos;
     87 	    size_t __leaf_end = __leaf_pos + __leaf->_M_size;
     88 	    char_producer<_CharT>* __fn = ((_Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT,
     89 					    _Alloc>*)__leaf)->_M_fn;
     90 	    if (__buf_start_pos + __len <= __pos)
     91 	      {
     92 		__buf_start_pos = __pos - __len / 4;
     93 		if (__buf_start_pos + __len > __leaf_end)
     94 		  __buf_start_pos = __leaf_end - __len;
     95 	      }
     96 	    if (__buf_start_pos + __len > __leaf_end)
     97 	      __len = __leaf_end - __buf_start_pos;
     98 	    (*__fn)(__buf_start_pos - __leaf_pos, __len, __x._M_tmp_buf);
     99 	    __x._M_buf_ptr = __x._M_tmp_buf + (__pos - __buf_start_pos);
    100 	    __x._M_buf_start = __x._M_tmp_buf;
    101 	    __x._M_buf_end = __x._M_tmp_buf + __len;
    102 	  }
    103 	  break;
    104 	default:
    105 	  break;
    106 	}
    107     }
    108 
    109   // Set path and buffer inside a rope iterator.  We assume that
    110   // pos and root are already set.
    111   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    112     void
    113     _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    114     _S_setcache(_Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x)
    115     {
    116       const _RopeRep* __path[int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth) + 1];
    117       const _RopeRep* __curr_rope;
    118       int __curr_depth = -1;  /* index into path    */
    119       size_t __curr_start_pos = 0;
    120       size_t __pos = __x._M_current_pos;
    121       unsigned char __dirns = 0; // Bit vector marking right turns in the path
    122 
    123       if (__pos >= __x._M_root->_M_size)
    124 	{
    125 	  __x._M_buf_ptr = 0;
    126 	  return;
    127 	}
    128       __curr_rope = __x._M_root;
    129       if (0 != __curr_rope->_M_c_string)
    130 	{
    131 	  /* Treat the root as a leaf. */
    132 	  __x._M_buf_start = __curr_rope->_M_c_string;
    133 	  __x._M_buf_end = __curr_rope->_M_c_string + __curr_rope->_M_size;
    134 	  __x._M_buf_ptr = __curr_rope->_M_c_string + __pos;
    135 	  __x._M_path_end[0] = __curr_rope;
    136 	  __x._M_leaf_index = 0;
    137 	  __x._M_leaf_pos = 0;
    138 	  return;
    139 	}
    140       for(;;)
    141 	{
    142 	  ++__curr_depth;
    143 	  __path[__curr_depth] = __curr_rope;
    144 	  switch(__curr_rope->_M_tag)
    145 	    {
    146 	    case __detail::_S_leaf:
    147 	    case __detail::_S_function:
    148 	    case __detail::_S_substringfn:
    149 	      __x._M_leaf_pos = __curr_start_pos;
    150 	      goto done;
    151 	    case __detail::_S_concat:
    152 	      {
    153 		_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>* __c =
    154 		  (_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>*)__curr_rope;
    155 		_RopeRep* __left = __c->_M_left;
    156 		size_t __left_len = __left->_M_size;
    157 
    158 		__dirns <<= 1;
    159 		if (__pos >= __curr_start_pos + __left_len)
    160 		  {
    161 		    __dirns |= 1;
    162 		    __curr_rope = __c->_M_right;
    163 		    __curr_start_pos += __left_len;
    164 		  }
    165 		else
    166 		  __curr_rope = __left;
    167 	      }
    168 	      break;
    169 	    }
    170 	}
    171     done:
    172       // Copy last section of path into _M_path_end.
    173       {
    174 	int __i = -1;
    175 	int __j = __curr_depth + 1 - int(_S_path_cache_len);
    176 
    177 	if (__j < 0) __j = 0;
    178 	while (__j <= __curr_depth)
    179 	  __x._M_path_end[++__i] = __path[__j++];
    180 	__x._M_leaf_index = __i;
    181       }
    182       __x._M_path_directions = __dirns;
    183       _S_setbuf(__x);
    184     }
    185 
    186   // Specialized version of the above.  Assumes that
    187   // the path cache is valid for the previous position.
    188   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    189     void
    190     _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    191     _S_setcache_for_incr(_Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x)
    192     {
    193       int __current_index = __x._M_leaf_index;
    194       const _RopeRep* __current_node = __x._M_path_end[__current_index];
    195       size_t __len = __current_node->_M_size;
    196       size_t __node_start_pos = __x._M_leaf_pos;
    197       unsigned char __dirns = __x._M_path_directions;
    198       _Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>* __c;
    199 
    200       if (__x._M_current_pos - __node_start_pos < __len)
    201 	{
    202 	  /* More stuff in this leaf, we just didn't cache it. */
    203 	  _S_setbuf(__x);
    204 	  return;
    205 	}
    206       //  node_start_pos is starting position of last_node.
    207       while (--__current_index >= 0)
    208 	{
    209 	  if (!(__dirns & 1) /* Path turned left */)
    210 	    break;
    211 	  __current_node = __x._M_path_end[__current_index];
    212 	  __c = (_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>*)__current_node;
    213 	  // Otherwise we were in the right child.  Thus we should pop
    214 	  // the concatenation node.
    215 	  __node_start_pos -= __c->_M_left->_M_size;
    216 	  __dirns >>= 1;
    217 	}
    218       if (__current_index < 0)
    219 	{
    220 	  // We underflowed the cache. Punt.
    221 	  _S_setcache(__x);
    222 	  return;
    223 	}
    224       __current_node = __x._M_path_end[__current_index];
    225       __c = (_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>*)__current_node;
    226       // current_node is a concatenation node.  We are positioned on the first
    227       // character in its right child.
    228       // node_start_pos is starting position of current_node.
    229       __node_start_pos += __c->_M_left->_M_size;
    230       __current_node = __c->_M_right;
    231       __x._M_path_end[++__current_index] = __current_node;
    232       __dirns |= 1;
    233       while (__detail::_S_concat == __current_node->_M_tag)
    234 	{
    235 	  ++__current_index;
    236 	  if (int(_S_path_cache_len) == __current_index)
    237 	    {
    238 	      int __i;
    239 	      for (__i = 0; __i < int(_S_path_cache_len) - 1; __i++)
    240 		__x._M_path_end[__i] = __x._M_path_end[__i+1];
    241 	      --__current_index;
    242 	    }
    243 	  __current_node =
    244 	    ((_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>*)__current_node)->_M_left;
    245 	  __x._M_path_end[__current_index] = __current_node;
    246 	  __dirns <<= 1;
    247 	  // node_start_pos is unchanged.
    248 	}
    249       __x._M_leaf_index = __current_index;
    250       __x._M_leaf_pos = __node_start_pos;
    251       __x._M_path_directions = __dirns;
    252       _S_setbuf(__x);
    253     }
    254 
    255   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    256     void
    257     _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    258     _M_incr(size_t __n)
    259     {
    260       _M_current_pos += __n;
    261       if (0 != _M_buf_ptr)
    262 	{
    263 	  size_t __chars_left = _M_buf_end - _M_buf_ptr;
    264 	  if (__chars_left > __n)
    265 	    _M_buf_ptr += __n;
    266 	  else if (__chars_left == __n)
    267 	    {
    268 	      _M_buf_ptr += __n;
    269 	      _S_setcache_for_incr(*this);
    270 	    }
    271 	  else
    272 	    _M_buf_ptr = 0;
    273 	}
    274     }
    275 
    276   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    277     void
    278     _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    279     _M_decr(size_t __n)
    280     {
    281       if (0 != _M_buf_ptr)
    282 	{
    283 	  size_t __chars_left = _M_buf_ptr - _M_buf_start;
    284 	  if (__chars_left >= __n)
    285 	    _M_buf_ptr -= __n;
    286 	  else
    287 	    _M_buf_ptr = 0;
    288 	}
    289       _M_current_pos -= __n;
    290     }
    291 
    292   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    293     void
    294     _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    295     _M_check()
    296     {
    297       if (_M_root_rope->_M_tree_ptr != this->_M_root)
    298 	{
    299 	  // _Rope was modified.  Get things fixed up.
    300 	  _RopeRep::_S_unref(this->_M_root);
    301 	  this->_M_root = _M_root_rope->_M_tree_ptr;
    302 	  _RopeRep::_S_ref(this->_M_root);
    303 	  this->_M_buf_ptr = 0;
    304 	}
    305     }
    306 
    307   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    308     inline
    309     _Rope_const_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    310     _Rope_const_iterator(const _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>& __x)
    311     : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT, _Alloc>(__x)
    312     { }
    313 
    314   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    315     inline
    316     _Rope_iterator<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    317     _Rope_iterator(rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __r, size_t __pos)
    318     : _Rope_iterator_base<_CharT,_Alloc>(__r._M_tree_ptr, __pos),
    319       _M_root_rope(&__r)
    320     { _RopeRep::_S_ref(this->_M_root); }
    321 
    322   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    323     inline size_t
    324     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    325     _S_char_ptr_len(const _CharT* __s)
    326     {
    327       const _CharT* __p = __s;
    328 
    329       while (!_S_is0(*__p))
    330 	++__p;
    331       return (__p - __s);
    332     }
    333 
    334 
    335 #ifndef __GC
    336 
    337   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    338     inline void
    339     _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    340     _M_free_c_string()
    341     {
    342       _CharT* __cstr = _M_c_string;
    343       if (0 != __cstr)
    344 	{
    345 	  size_t __size = this->_M_size + 1;
    346 	  _Destroy(__cstr, __cstr + __size, _M_get_allocator());
    347 	  this->_Data_deallocate(__cstr, __size);
    348 	}
    349     }
    350 
    351   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    352     inline void
    353     _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    354     _S_free_string(_CharT* __s, size_t __n, allocator_type& __a)
    355     {
    356       if (!_S_is_basic_char_type((_CharT*)0))
    357 	_Destroy(__s, __s + __n, __a);
    358 
    359       //  This has to be a static member, so this gets a bit messy
    360       __a.deallocate(__s,
    361 		     _Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT, _Alloc>::_S_rounded_up_size(__n));
    362     }
    363 
    364   //  There are several reasons for not doing this with virtual destructors
    365   //  and a class specific delete operator:
    366   //  - A class specific delete operator can't easily get access to
    367   //    allocator instances if we need them.
    368   //  - Any virtual function would need a 4 or byte vtable pointer;
    369   //    this only requires a one byte tag per object.
    370   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    371     void
    372     _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    373     _M_free_tree()
    374     {
    375       switch(_M_tag)
    376 	{
    377 	case __detail::_S_leaf:
    378 	  {
    379 	    _Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT, _Alloc>* __l
    380 	      = (_Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT, _Alloc>*)this;
    381 	    __l->_Rope_RopeLeaf<_CharT, _Alloc>::~_Rope_RopeLeaf();
    382 	    this->_L_deallocate(__l, 1);
    383 	    break;
    384 	  }
    385 	case __detail::_S_concat:
    386 	  {
    387 	    _Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT,_Alloc>* __c
    388 	      = (_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>*)this;
    389 	    __c->_Rope_RopeConcatenation<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    390 	      ~_Rope_RopeConcatenation();
    391 	    this->_C_deallocate(__c, 1);
    392 	    break;
    393 	  }
    394 	case __detail::_S_function:
    395 	  {
    396 	    _Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT, _Alloc>* __f
    397 	      = (_Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT, _Alloc>*)this;
    398 	    __f->_Rope_RopeFunction<_CharT, _Alloc>::~_Rope_RopeFunction();
    399 	    this->_F_deallocate(__f, 1);
    400 	    break;
    401 	  }
    402 	case __detail::_S_substringfn:
    403 	  {
    404 	    _Rope_RopeSubstring<_CharT, _Alloc>* __ss =
    405 	      (_Rope_RopeSubstring<_CharT, _Alloc>*)this;
    406 	    __ss->_Rope_RopeSubstring<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    407 	      ~_Rope_RopeSubstring();
    408 	    this->_S_deallocate(__ss, 1);
    409 	    break;
    410 	  }
    411 	}
    412     }
    413 #else
    414 
    415   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    416     inline void
    417     _Rope_RopeRep<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    418     _S_free_string(const _CharT*, size_t, allocator_type)
    419     { }
    420 
    421 #endif
    422 
    423   // Concatenate a C string onto a leaf rope by copying the rope data.
    424   // Used for short ropes.
    425   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    426     typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeLeaf*
    427     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    428     _S_leaf_concat_char_iter(_RopeLeaf* __r, const _CharT* __iter, size_t __len)
    429     {
    430       size_t __old_len = __r->_M_size;
    431       _CharT* __new_data = (_CharT*)
    432 	rope::_Data_allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(__old_len + __len));
    433       _RopeLeaf* __result;
    434 
    435       uninitialized_copy_n(__r->_M_data, __old_len, __new_data);
    436       uninitialized_copy_n(__iter, __len, __new_data + __old_len);
    437       _S_cond_store_eos(__new_data[__old_len + __len]);
    438       __try
    439 	{
    440 	  __result = _S_new_RopeLeaf(__new_data, __old_len + __len,
    441 				     __r->_M_get_allocator());
    442 	}
    443       __catch(...)
    444 	{
    445 	  _RopeRep::__STL_FREE_STRING(__new_data, __old_len + __len,
    446 				      __r->_M_get_allocator());
    447 	  __throw_exception_again;
    448 	}
    449       return __result;
    450     }
    451 
    452 #ifndef __GC
    453   // As above, but it's OK to clobber original if refcount is 1
    454   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    455     typename rope<_CharT,_Alloc>::_RopeLeaf*
    456     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    457     _S_destr_leaf_concat_char_iter(_RopeLeaf* __r, const _CharT* __iter,
    458 				   size_t __len)
    459     {
    460       if (__r->_M_ref_count > 1)
    461 	return _S_leaf_concat_char_iter(__r, __iter, __len);
    462       size_t __old_len = __r->_M_size;
    463       if (_S_allocated_capacity(__old_len) >= __old_len + __len)
    464 	{
    465 	  // The space has been partially initialized for the standard
    466 	  // character types.  But that doesn't matter for those types.
    467 	  uninitialized_copy_n(__iter, __len, __r->_M_data + __old_len);
    468 	  if (_S_is_basic_char_type((_CharT*)0))
    469 	    _S_cond_store_eos(__r->_M_data[__old_len + __len]);
    470 	  else if (__r->_M_c_string != __r->_M_data && 0 != __r->_M_c_string)
    471 	    {
    472 	      __r->_M_free_c_string();
    473 	      __r->_M_c_string = 0;
    474 	    }
    475 	  __r->_M_size = __old_len + __len;
    476 	  __r->_M_ref_count = 2;
    477 	  return __r;
    478 	}
    479       else
    480 	{
    481 	  _RopeLeaf* __result = _S_leaf_concat_char_iter(__r, __iter, __len);
    482 	  return __result;
    483 	}
    484     }
    485 #endif
    486 
    487   // Assumes left and right are not 0.
    488   // Does not increment (nor decrement on exception) child reference counts.
    489   // Result has ref count 1.
    490   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    491     typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeRep*
    492     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    493     _S_tree_concat(_RopeRep* __left, _RopeRep* __right)
    494     {
    495       _RopeConcatenation* __result = _S_new_RopeConcatenation(__left, __right,
    496 							      __left->
    497 							      _M_get_allocator());
    498       size_t __depth = __result->_M_depth;
    499 
    500       if (__depth > 20
    501 	  && (__result->_M_size < 1000
    502 	      || __depth > size_t(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth)))
    503 	{
    504 	  _RopeRep* __balanced;
    505 
    506 	  __try
    507 	    {
    508 	      __balanced = _S_balance(__result);
    509 	      __result->_M_unref_nonnil();
    510 	    }
    511 	  __catch(...)
    512 	    {
    513 	      rope::_C_deallocate(__result,1);
    514 	      __throw_exception_again;
    515 	    }
    516 	  // In case of exception, we need to deallocate
    517 	  // otherwise dangling result node.  But caller
    518 	  // still owns its children.  Thus unref is
    519 	  // inappropriate.
    520 	  return __balanced;
    521 	}
    522       else
    523 	return __result;
    524     }
    525 
    526   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    527     typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeRep*
    528     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    529     _S_concat_char_iter(_RopeRep* __r, const _CharT*__s, size_t __slen)
    530     {
    531       _RopeRep* __result;
    532       if (0 == __slen)
    533 	{
    534 	  _S_ref(__r);
    535 	  return __r;
    536 	}
    537       if (0 == __r)
    538 	return __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __slen,
    539 						__r->_M_get_allocator());
    540       if (__r->_M_tag == __detail::_S_leaf
    541 	  && __r->_M_size + __slen <= size_t(_S_copy_max))
    542 	{
    543 	  __result = _S_leaf_concat_char_iter((_RopeLeaf*)__r, __s, __slen);
    544 	  return __result;
    545 	}
    546       if (__detail::_S_concat == __r->_M_tag
    547 	  && __detail::_S_leaf == ((_RopeConcatenation*) __r)->_M_right->_M_tag)
    548 	{
    549 	  _RopeLeaf* __right =
    550 	    (_RopeLeaf* )(((_RopeConcatenation* )__r)->_M_right);
    551 	  if (__right->_M_size + __slen <= size_t(_S_copy_max))
    552 	    {
    553 	      _RopeRep* __left = ((_RopeConcatenation*)__r)->_M_left;
    554 	      _RopeRep* __nright =
    555 		_S_leaf_concat_char_iter((_RopeLeaf*)__right, __s, __slen);
    556 	      __left->_M_ref_nonnil();
    557 	      __try
    558 		{ __result = _S_tree_concat(__left, __nright); }
    559 	      __catch(...)
    560 		{
    561 		  _S_unref(__left);
    562 		  _S_unref(__nright);
    563 		  __throw_exception_again;
    564 		}
    565 	      return __result;
    566 	    }
    567 	}
    568       _RopeRep* __nright =
    569 	__STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __slen, __r->_M_get_allocator());
    570       __try
    571 	{
    572 	  __r->_M_ref_nonnil();
    573 	  __result = _S_tree_concat(__r, __nright);
    574 	}
    575       __catch(...)
    576 	{
    577 	  _S_unref(__r);
    578 	  _S_unref(__nright);
    579 	  __throw_exception_again;
    580 	}
    581       return __result;
    582     }
    583 
    584 #ifndef __GC
    585   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    586     typename rope<_CharT,_Alloc>::_RopeRep*
    587     rope<_CharT,_Alloc>::
    588     _S_destr_concat_char_iter(_RopeRep* __r, const _CharT* __s, size_t __slen)
    589     {
    590       _RopeRep* __result;
    591       if (0 == __r)
    592 	return __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __slen,
    593 						__r->_M_get_allocator());
    594       size_t __count = __r->_M_ref_count;
    595       size_t __orig_size = __r->_M_size;
    596       if (__count > 1)
    597 	return _S_concat_char_iter(__r, __s, __slen);
    598       if (0 == __slen)
    599 	{
    600 	  __r->_M_ref_count = 2;      // One more than before
    601 	  return __r;
    602 	}
    603       if (__orig_size + __slen <= size_t(_S_copy_max)
    604 	  && __detail::_S_leaf == __r->_M_tag)
    605 	{
    606 	  __result = _S_destr_leaf_concat_char_iter((_RopeLeaf*)__r, __s,
    607 						    __slen);
    608 	  return __result;
    609 	}
    610       if (__detail::_S_concat == __r->_M_tag)
    611 	{
    612 	  _RopeLeaf* __right = (_RopeLeaf*)(((_RopeConcatenation*)
    613 					     __r)->_M_right);
    614 	  if (__detail::_S_leaf == __right->_M_tag
    615 	      && __right->_M_size + __slen <= size_t(_S_copy_max))
    616 	    {
    617 	      _RopeRep* __new_right =
    618 		_S_destr_leaf_concat_char_iter(__right, __s, __slen);
    619 	      if (__right == __new_right)
    620 		__new_right->_M_ref_count = 1;
    621 	      else
    622 		__right->_M_unref_nonnil();
    623 	      __r->_M_ref_count = 2;    // One more than before.
    624 	      ((_RopeConcatenation*)__r)->_M_right = __new_right;
    625 	      __r->_M_size = __orig_size + __slen;
    626 	      if (0 != __r->_M_c_string)
    627 		{
    628 		  __r->_M_free_c_string();
    629 		  __r->_M_c_string = 0;
    630 		}
    631 	      return __r;
    632 	    }
    633 	}
    634       _RopeRep* __right =
    635 	__STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__s, __slen, __r->_M_get_allocator());
    636       __r->_M_ref_nonnil();
    637       __try
    638 	{ __result = _S_tree_concat(__r, __right); }
    639       __catch(...)
    640 	{
    641 	  _S_unref(__r);
    642 	  _S_unref(__right);
    643 	  __throw_exception_again;
    644 	}
    645       return __result;
    646     }
    647 #endif /* !__GC */
    648 
    649   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    650     typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeRep*
    651     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    652     _S_concat(_RopeRep* __left, _RopeRep* __right)
    653     {
    654       if (0 == __left)
    655 	{
    656 	  _S_ref(__right);
    657 	  return __right;
    658 	}
    659       if (0 == __right)
    660 	{
    661 	  __left->_M_ref_nonnil();
    662 	  return __left;
    663 	}
    664       if (__detail::_S_leaf == __right->_M_tag)
    665 	{
    666 	  if (__detail::_S_leaf == __left->_M_tag)
    667 	    {
    668 	      if (__right->_M_size + __left->_M_size <= size_t(_S_copy_max))
    669 		return _S_leaf_concat_char_iter((_RopeLeaf*)__left,
    670 						((_RopeLeaf*)__right)->_M_data,
    671 						__right->_M_size);
    672 	    }
    673 	  else if (__detail::_S_concat == __left->_M_tag
    674 		   && __detail::_S_leaf == ((_RopeConcatenation*)
    675 						   __left)->_M_right->_M_tag)
    676 	    {
    677 	      _RopeLeaf* __leftright =
    678 		(_RopeLeaf*)(((_RopeConcatenation*)__left)->_M_right);
    679 	      if (__leftright->_M_size
    680 		  + __right->_M_size <= size_t(_S_copy_max))
    681 		{
    682 		  _RopeRep* __leftleft = ((_RopeConcatenation*)__left)->_M_left;
    683 		  _RopeRep* __rest = _S_leaf_concat_char_iter(__leftright,
    684 							      ((_RopeLeaf*)
    685 							       __right)->
    686 							      _M_data,
    687 							      __right->_M_size);
    688 		  __leftleft->_M_ref_nonnil();
    689 		  __try
    690 		    { return(_S_tree_concat(__leftleft, __rest)); }
    691 		  __catch(...)
    692 		    {
    693 		      _S_unref(__leftleft);
    694 		      _S_unref(__rest);
    695 		      __throw_exception_again;
    696 		    }
    697 		}
    698 	    }
    699 	}
    700       __left->_M_ref_nonnil();
    701       __right->_M_ref_nonnil();
    702       __try
    703 	{ return(_S_tree_concat(__left, __right)); }
    704       __catch(...)
    705 	{
    706 	  _S_unref(__left);
    707 	  _S_unref(__right);
    708 	  __throw_exception_again;
    709 	}
    710     }
    711 
    712   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    713     typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeRep*
    714     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    715     _S_substring(_RopeRep* __base, size_t __start, size_t __endp1)
    716     {
    717       if (0 == __base)
    718 	return 0;
    719       size_t __len = __base->_M_size;
    720       size_t __adj_endp1;
    721       const size_t __lazy_threshold = 128;
    722 
    723       if (__endp1 >= __len)
    724 	{
    725 	  if (0 == __start)
    726 	    {
    727 	      __base->_M_ref_nonnil();
    728 	      return __base;
    729 	    }
    730 	  else
    731 	    __adj_endp1 = __len;
    732 
    733 	}
    734       else
    735 	__adj_endp1 = __endp1;
    736 
    737       switch(__base->_M_tag)
    738 	{
    739 	case __detail::_S_concat:
    740 	    {
    741 	      _RopeConcatenation* __c = (_RopeConcatenation*)__base;
    742 	      _RopeRep* __left = __c->_M_left;
    743 	      _RopeRep* __right = __c->_M_right;
    744 	      size_t __left_len = __left->_M_size;
    745 	      _RopeRep* __result;
    746 
    747 	      if (__adj_endp1 <= __left_len)
    748 		return _S_substring(__left, __start, __endp1);
    749 	      else if (__start >= __left_len)
    750 		return _S_substring(__right, __start - __left_len,
    751 				    __adj_endp1 - __left_len);
    752 	      _Self_destruct_ptr __left_result(_S_substring(__left,
    753 							    __start,
    754 							    __left_len));
    755 	      _Self_destruct_ptr __right_result(_S_substring(__right, 0,
    756 							     __endp1
    757 							     - __left_len));
    758 	      __result = _S_concat(__left_result, __right_result);
    759 	      return __result;
    760 	    }
    761 	case __detail::_S_leaf:
    762 	  {
    763 	    _RopeLeaf* __l = (_RopeLeaf*)__base;
    764 	    _RopeLeaf* __result;
    765 	    size_t __result_len;
    766 	    if (__start >= __adj_endp1)
    767 	      return 0;
    768 	    __result_len = __adj_endp1 - __start;
    769 	    if (__result_len > __lazy_threshold)
    770 	      goto lazy;
    771 #ifdef __GC
    772 	    const _CharT* __section = __l->_M_data + __start;
    773 	    __result = _S_new_RopeLeaf(__section, __result_len,
    774 				       __base->_M_get_allocator());
    775 	    __result->_M_c_string = 0;  // Not eos terminated.
    776 #else
    777 	    // We should sometimes create substring node instead.
    778 	    __result = __STL_ROPE_FROM_UNOWNED_CHAR_PTR(__l->_M_data + __start,
    779 							__result_len,
    780 							__base->
    781 							_M_get_allocator());
    782 #endif
    783 	    return __result;
    784 	  }
    785 	case __detail::_S_substringfn:
    786 	  // Avoid introducing multiple layers of substring nodes.
    787 	  {
    788 	    _RopeSubstring* __old = (_RopeSubstring*)__base;
    789 	    size_t __result_len;
    790 	    if (__start >= __adj_endp1)
    791 	      return 0;
    792 	    __result_len = __adj_endp1 - __start;
    793 	    if (__result_len > __lazy_threshold)
    794 	      {
    795 		_RopeSubstring* __result =
    796 		  _S_new_RopeSubstring(__old->_M_base,
    797 				       __start + __old->_M_start,
    798 				       __adj_endp1 - __start,
    799 				       __base->_M_get_allocator());
    800 		return __result;
    801 
    802 	      } // *** else fall through: ***
    803 	  }
    804 	case __detail::_S_function:
    805 	  {
    806 	    _RopeFunction* __f = (_RopeFunction*)__base;
    807 	    _CharT* __section;
    808 	    size_t __result_len;
    809 	    if (__start >= __adj_endp1)
    810 	      return 0;
    811 	    __result_len = __adj_endp1 - __start;
    812 
    813 	    if (__result_len > __lazy_threshold)
    814 	      goto lazy;
    815 	    __section = (_CharT*)
    816 	      rope::_Data_allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(__result_len));
    817 	    __try
    818 	      {	(*(__f->_M_fn))(__start, __result_len, __section); }
    819 	    __catch(...)
    820 	      {
    821 		_RopeRep::__STL_FREE_STRING(__section, __result_len,
    822 					    __base->_M_get_allocator());
    823 		__throw_exception_again;
    824 	      }
    825 	    _S_cond_store_eos(__section[__result_len]);
    826 	    return _S_new_RopeLeaf(__section, __result_len,
    827 				   __base->_M_get_allocator());
    828 	  }
    829 	}
    830     lazy:
    831       {
    832 	// Create substring node.
    833 	return _S_new_RopeSubstring(__base, __start, __adj_endp1 - __start,
    834 				    __base->_M_get_allocator());
    835       }
    836     }
    837 
    838   template<class _CharT>
    839     class _Rope_flatten_char_consumer
    840     : public _Rope_char_consumer<_CharT>
    841     {
    842     private:
    843       _CharT* _M_buf_ptr;
    844     public:
    845 
    846       _Rope_flatten_char_consumer(_CharT* __buffer)
    847       { _M_buf_ptr = __buffer; };
    848 
    849       ~_Rope_flatten_char_consumer() {}
    850 
    851       bool
    852       operator()(const _CharT* __leaf, size_t __n)
    853       {
    854 	uninitialized_copy_n(__leaf, __n, _M_buf_ptr);
    855 	_M_buf_ptr += __n;
    856 	return true;
    857       }
    858     };
    859 
    860   template<class _CharT>
    861     class _Rope_find_char_char_consumer
    862     : public _Rope_char_consumer<_CharT>
    863     {
    864     private:
    865       _CharT _M_pattern;
    866     public:
    867       size_t _M_count;  // Number of nonmatching characters
    868 
    869       _Rope_find_char_char_consumer(_CharT __p)
    870       : _M_pattern(__p), _M_count(0) {}
    871 
    872       ~_Rope_find_char_char_consumer() {}
    873 
    874       bool
    875       operator()(const _CharT* __leaf, size_t __n)
    876       {
    877 	size_t __i;
    878 	for (__i = 0; __i < __n; __i++)
    879 	  {
    880 	    if (__leaf[__i] == _M_pattern)
    881 	      {
    882 		_M_count += __i;
    883 		return false;
    884 	      }
    885 	  }
    886 	_M_count += __n; return true;
    887       }
    888     };
    889 
    890   template<class _CharT, class _Traits>
    891   // Here _CharT is both the stream and rope character type.
    892     class _Rope_insert_char_consumer
    893     : public _Rope_char_consumer<_CharT>
    894     {
    895     private:
    896       typedef basic_ostream<_CharT,_Traits> _Insert_ostream;
    897       _Insert_ostream& _M_o;
    898     public:
    899       _Rope_insert_char_consumer(_Insert_ostream& __writer)
    900 	: _M_o(__writer) {};
    901       ~_Rope_insert_char_consumer() { };
    902       // Caller is presumed to own the ostream
    903       bool operator() (const _CharT* __leaf, size_t __n);
    904       // Returns true to continue traversal.
    905     };
    906 
    907   template<class _CharT, class _Traits>
    908     bool
    909     _Rope_insert_char_consumer<_CharT, _Traits>::
    910     operator()(const _CharT* __leaf, size_t __n)
    911     {
    912       size_t __i;
    913       //  We assume that formatting is set up correctly for each element.
    914       for (__i = 0; __i < __n; __i++)
    915 	_M_o.put(__leaf[__i]);
    916       return true;
    917     }
    918 
    919   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
    920     bool
    921     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
    922     _S_apply_to_pieces(_Rope_char_consumer<_CharT>& __c,
    923 		       const _RopeRep* __r, size_t __begin, size_t __end)
    924     {
    925       if (0 == __r)
    926 	return true;
    927       switch(__r->_M_tag)
    928 	{
    929 	case __detail::_S_concat:
    930 	  {
    931 	    _RopeConcatenation* __conc = (_RopeConcatenation*)__r;
    932 	    _RopeRep* __left =  __conc->_M_left;
    933 	    size_t __left_len = __left->_M_size;
    934 	    if (__begin < __left_len)
    935 	      {
    936 		size_t __left_end = std::min(__left_len, __end);
    937 		if (!_S_apply_to_pieces(__c, __left, __begin, __left_end))
    938 		  return false;
    939 	      }
    940 	    if (__end > __left_len)
    941 	      {
    942 		_RopeRep* __right =  __conc->_M_right;
    943 		size_t __right_start = std::max(__left_len, __begin);
    944 		if (!_S_apply_to_pieces(__c, __right,
    945 					__right_start - __left_len,
    946 					__end - __left_len))
    947 		  return false;
    948 	      }
    949 	  }
    950 	  return true;
    951 	case __detail::_S_leaf:
    952 	  {
    953 	    _RopeLeaf* __l = (_RopeLeaf*)__r;
    954 	    return __c(__l->_M_data + __begin, __end - __begin);
    955 	  }
    956 	case __detail::_S_function:
    957 	case __detail::_S_substringfn:
    958 	    {
    959 	      _RopeFunction* __f = (_RopeFunction*)__r;
    960 	      size_t __len = __end - __begin;
    961 	      bool __result;
    962 	      _CharT* __buffer =
    963 		(_CharT*)_Alloc().allocate(__len * sizeof(_CharT));
    964 	      __try
    965 		{
    966 		  (*(__f->_M_fn))(__begin, __len, __buffer);
    967 		  __result = __c(__buffer, __len);
    968                   _Alloc().deallocate(__buffer, __len * sizeof(_CharT));
    969                 }
    970 	      __catch(...)
    971 		{
    972 		  _Alloc().deallocate(__buffer, __len * sizeof(_CharT));
    973 		  __throw_exception_again;
    974 		}
    975 	      return __result;
    976 	    }
    977 	default:
    978 	  return false;
    979 	}
    980     }
    981 
    982   template<class _CharT, class _Traits>
    983     inline void
    984     _Rope_fill(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __o, size_t __n)
    985     {
    986       char __f = __o.fill();
    987       size_t __i;
    988 
    989       for (__i = 0; __i < __n; __i++)
    990 	__o.put(__f);
    991     }
    992 
    993 
    994   template <class _CharT>
    995     inline bool
    996     _Rope_is_simple(_CharT*)
    997     { return false; }
    998 
    999   inline bool
   1000   _Rope_is_simple(char*)
   1001   { return true; }
   1002 
   1003   inline bool
   1004   _Rope_is_simple(wchar_t*)
   1005   { return true; }
   1006 
   1007   template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Alloc>
   1008     basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
   1009     operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __o,
   1010 	       const rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __r)
   1011     {
   1012       size_t __w = __o.width();
   1013       bool __left = bool(__o.flags() & std::ios::left);
   1014       size_t __pad_len;
   1015       size_t __rope_len = __r.size();
   1016       _Rope_insert_char_consumer<_CharT, _Traits> __c(__o);
   1017       bool __is_simple = _Rope_is_simple((_CharT*)0);
   1018 
   1019       if (__rope_len < __w)
   1020 	__pad_len = __w - __rope_len;
   1021       else
   1022 	__pad_len = 0;
   1023 
   1024       if (!__is_simple)
   1025 	__o.width(__w / __rope_len);
   1026       __try
   1027 	{
   1028 	  if (__is_simple && !__left && __pad_len > 0)
   1029 	    _Rope_fill(__o, __pad_len);
   1030 	  __r.apply_to_pieces(0, __r.size(), __c);
   1031 	  if (__is_simple && __left && __pad_len > 0)
   1032 	    _Rope_fill(__o, __pad_len);
   1033 	  if (!__is_simple)
   1034 	    __o.width(__w);
   1035 	}
   1036       __catch(...)
   1037 	{
   1038 	  if (!__is_simple)
   1039 	    __o.width(__w);
   1040 	  __throw_exception_again;
   1041 	}
   1042       return __o;
   1043     }
   1044 
   1045   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1046     _CharT*
   1047     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1048     _S_flatten(_RopeRep* __r, size_t __start, size_t __len,
   1049 	       _CharT* __buffer)
   1050     {
   1051       _Rope_flatten_char_consumer<_CharT> __c(__buffer);
   1052       _S_apply_to_pieces(__c, __r, __start, __start + __len);
   1053       return(__buffer + __len);
   1054     }
   1055 
   1056   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1057     size_t
   1058     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1059     find(_CharT __pattern, size_t __start) const
   1060     {
   1061       _Rope_find_char_char_consumer<_CharT> __c(__pattern);
   1062       _S_apply_to_pieces(__c, this->_M_tree_ptr, __start, size());
   1063       size_type __result_pos = __start + __c._M_count;
   1064 #ifndef __STL_OLD_ROPE_SEMANTICS
   1065       if (__result_pos == size())
   1066 	__result_pos = npos;
   1067 #endif
   1068       return __result_pos;
   1069     }
   1070 
   1071   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1072     _CharT*
   1073     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1074     _S_flatten(_RopeRep* __r, _CharT* __buffer)
   1075     {
   1076       if (0 == __r)
   1077 	return __buffer;
   1078       switch(__r->_M_tag)
   1079 	{
   1080 	case __detail::_S_concat:
   1081 	  {
   1082 	    _RopeConcatenation* __c = (_RopeConcatenation*)__r;
   1083 	    _RopeRep* __left = __c->_M_left;
   1084 	    _RopeRep* __right = __c->_M_right;
   1085 	    _CharT* __rest = _S_flatten(__left, __buffer);
   1086 	    return _S_flatten(__right, __rest);
   1087 	  }
   1088 	case __detail::_S_leaf:
   1089 	  {
   1090 	    _RopeLeaf* __l = (_RopeLeaf*)__r;
   1091 	    return copy_n(__l->_M_data, __l->_M_size, __buffer).second;
   1092 	  }
   1093 	case __detail::_S_function:
   1094 	case __detail::_S_substringfn:
   1095 	  // We don't yet do anything with substring nodes.
   1096 	  // This needs to be fixed before ropefiles will work well.
   1097 	  {
   1098 	    _RopeFunction* __f = (_RopeFunction*)__r;
   1099 	    (*(__f->_M_fn))(0, __f->_M_size, __buffer);
   1100 	    return __buffer + __f->_M_size;
   1101 	  }
   1102 	default:
   1103 	  return 0;
   1104 	}
   1105     }
   1106 
   1107   // This needs work for _CharT != char
   1108   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1109     void
   1110     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1111     _S_dump(_RopeRep* __r, int __indent)
   1112     {
   1113       for (int __i = 0; __i < __indent; __i++)
   1114 	putchar(' ');
   1115       if (0 == __r)
   1116 	{
   1117 	  printf("NULL\n");
   1118 	  return;
   1119 	}
   1120       if (_S_concat == __r->_M_tag)
   1121 	{
   1122 	  _RopeConcatenation* __c = (_RopeConcatenation*)__r;
   1123 	  _RopeRep* __left = __c->_M_left;
   1124 	  _RopeRep* __right = __c->_M_right;
   1125 
   1126 #ifdef __GC
   1127 	  printf("Concatenation %p (depth = %d, len = %ld, %s balanced)\n",
   1128 		 __r, __r->_M_depth, __r->_M_size,
   1129 		 __r->_M_is_balanced? "" : "not");
   1130 #else
   1131 	  printf("Concatenation %p (rc = %ld, depth = %d, "
   1132 		 "len = %ld, %s balanced)\n",
   1133 		 __r, __r->_M_ref_count, __r->_M_depth, __r->_M_size,
   1134 		 __r->_M_is_balanced? "" : "not");
   1135 #endif
   1136 	  _S_dump(__left, __indent + 2);
   1137 	  _S_dump(__right, __indent + 2);
   1138 	  return;
   1139 	}
   1140       else
   1141 	{
   1142 	  char* __kind;
   1143 
   1144 	  switch (__r->_M_tag)
   1145 	    {
   1146 	    case __detail::_S_leaf:
   1147 	      __kind = "Leaf";
   1148 	      break;
   1149 	    case __detail::_S_function:
   1150 	      __kind = "Function";
   1151 	      break;
   1152 	    case __detail::_S_substringfn:
   1153 	      __kind = "Function representing substring";
   1154 	      break;
   1155 	    default:
   1156 	      __kind = "(corrupted kind field!)";
   1157 	    }
   1158 #ifdef __GC
   1159 	  printf("%s %p (depth = %d, len = %ld) ",
   1160 		 __kind, __r, __r->_M_depth, __r->_M_size);
   1161 #else
   1162 	  printf("%s %p (rc = %ld, depth = %d, len = %ld) ",
   1163 		 __kind, __r, __r->_M_ref_count, __r->_M_depth, __r->_M_size);
   1164 #endif
   1165 	  if (_S_is_one_byte_char_type((_CharT*)0))
   1166 	    {
   1167 	      const int __max_len = 40;
   1168 	      _Self_destruct_ptr __prefix(_S_substring(__r, 0, __max_len));
   1169 	      _CharT __buffer[__max_len + 1];
   1170 	      bool __too_big = __r->_M_size > __prefix->_M_size;
   1171 
   1172 	      _S_flatten(__prefix, __buffer);
   1173 	      __buffer[__prefix->_M_size] = _S_eos((_CharT*)0);
   1174 	      printf("%s%s\n", (char*)__buffer,
   1175 		     __too_big? "...\n" : "\n");
   1176 	    }
   1177 	  else
   1178 	    printf("\n");
   1179 	}
   1180     }
   1181 
   1182   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1183     const unsigned long
   1184     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1185     _S_min_len[int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth) + 1] = {
   1186       /* 0 */1, /* 1 */2, /* 2 */3, /* 3 */5, /* 4 */8, /* 5 */13, /* 6 */21,
   1187       /* 7 */34, /* 8 */55, /* 9 */89, /* 10 */144, /* 11 */233, /* 12 */377,
   1188       /* 13 */610, /* 14 */987, /* 15 */1597, /* 16 */2584, /* 17 */4181,
   1189       /* 18 */6765, /* 19 */10946, /* 20 */17711, /* 21 */28657, /* 22 */46368,
   1190       /* 23 */75025, /* 24 */121393, /* 25 */196418, /* 26 */317811,
   1191       /* 27 */514229, /* 28 */832040, /* 29 */1346269, /* 30 */2178309,
   1192       /* 31 */3524578, /* 32 */5702887, /* 33 */9227465, /* 34 */14930352,
   1193       /* 35 */24157817, /* 36 */39088169, /* 37 */63245986, /* 38 */102334155,
   1194       /* 39 */165580141, /* 40 */267914296, /* 41 */433494437,
   1195       /* 42 */701408733, /* 43 */1134903170, /* 44 */1836311903,
   1196       /* 45 */2971215073u };
   1197   // These are Fibonacci numbers < 2**32.
   1198 
   1199   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1200     typename rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_RopeRep*
   1201     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1202     _S_balance(_RopeRep* __r)
   1203     {
   1204       _RopeRep* __forest[int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth) + 1];
   1205       _RopeRep* __result = 0;
   1206       int __i;
   1207       // Invariant:
   1208       // The concatenation of forest in descending order is equal to __r.
   1209       // __forest[__i]._M_size >= _S_min_len[__i]
   1210       // __forest[__i]._M_depth = __i
   1211       // References from forest are included in refcount.
   1212 
   1213       for (__i = 0; __i <= int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth); ++__i)
   1214 	__forest[__i] = 0;
   1215       __try
   1216 	{
   1217 	  _S_add_to_forest(__r, __forest);
   1218 	  for (__i = 0; __i <= int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth); ++__i)
   1219 	    if (0 != __forest[__i])
   1220 	      {
   1221 #ifndef __GC
   1222 		_Self_destruct_ptr __old(__result);
   1223 #endif
   1224 		__result = _S_concat(__forest[__i], __result);
   1225 		__forest[__i]->_M_unref_nonnil();
   1226 #if !defined(__GC) && defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
   1227 		__forest[__i] = 0;
   1228 #endif
   1229 	      }
   1230 	}
   1231       __catch(...)
   1232 	{
   1233 	  for(__i = 0; __i <= int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth); __i++)
   1234 	    _S_unref(__forest[__i]);
   1235 	  __throw_exception_again;
   1236 	}
   1237 
   1238       if (__result->_M_depth > int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth))
   1239 	__throw_length_error(__N("rope::_S_balance"));
   1240       return(__result);
   1241     }
   1242 
   1243   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1244     void
   1245     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1246     _S_add_to_forest(_RopeRep* __r, _RopeRep** __forest)
   1247     {
   1248       if (__r->_M_is_balanced)
   1249 	{
   1250 	  _S_add_leaf_to_forest(__r, __forest);
   1251 	  return;
   1252 	}
   1253 
   1254       {
   1255 	_RopeConcatenation* __c = (_RopeConcatenation*)__r;
   1256 
   1257 	_S_add_to_forest(__c->_M_left, __forest);
   1258 	_S_add_to_forest(__c->_M_right, __forest);
   1259       }
   1260     }
   1261 
   1262 
   1263   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1264     void
   1265     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1266     _S_add_leaf_to_forest(_RopeRep* __r, _RopeRep** __forest)
   1267     {
   1268       _RopeRep* __insertee;		// included in refcount
   1269       _RopeRep* __too_tiny = 0;		// included in refcount
   1270       int __i;				// forest[0..__i-1] is empty
   1271       size_t __s = __r->_M_size;
   1272 
   1273       for (__i = 0; __s >= _S_min_len[__i+1]/* not this bucket */; ++__i)
   1274 	{
   1275 	  if (0 != __forest[__i])
   1276 	    {
   1277 #ifndef __GC
   1278 	      _Self_destruct_ptr __old(__too_tiny);
   1279 #endif
   1280 	      __too_tiny = _S_concat_and_set_balanced(__forest[__i],
   1281 						      __too_tiny);
   1282 	      __forest[__i]->_M_unref_nonnil();
   1283 	      __forest[__i] = 0;
   1284 	    }
   1285 	}
   1286       {
   1287 #ifndef __GC
   1288 	_Self_destruct_ptr __old(__too_tiny);
   1289 #endif
   1290 	__insertee = _S_concat_and_set_balanced(__too_tiny, __r);
   1291       }
   1292       // Too_tiny dead, and no longer included in refcount.
   1293       // Insertee is live and included.
   1294       for (;; ++__i)
   1295 	{
   1296 	  if (0 != __forest[__i])
   1297 	    {
   1298 #ifndef __GC
   1299 	      _Self_destruct_ptr __old(__insertee);
   1300 #endif
   1301 	      __insertee = _S_concat_and_set_balanced(__forest[__i],
   1302 						      __insertee);
   1303 	      __forest[__i]->_M_unref_nonnil();
   1304 	      __forest[__i] = 0;
   1305 	    }
   1306 	  if (__i == int(__detail::_S_max_rope_depth)
   1307 	      || __insertee->_M_size < _S_min_len[__i+1])
   1308 	    {
   1309 	      __forest[__i] = __insertee;
   1310 	      // refcount is OK since __insertee is now dead.
   1311 	      return;
   1312 	    }
   1313 	}
   1314     }
   1315 
   1316   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1317     _CharT
   1318     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1319     _S_fetch(_RopeRep* __r, size_type __i)
   1320     {
   1321       __GC_CONST _CharT* __cstr = __r->_M_c_string;
   1322 
   1323       if (0 != __cstr)
   1324 	return __cstr[__i];
   1325       for(;;)
   1326 	{
   1327 	  switch(__r->_M_tag)
   1328 	    {
   1329 	    case __detail::_S_concat:
   1330 	      {
   1331 		_RopeConcatenation* __c = (_RopeConcatenation*)__r;
   1332 		_RopeRep* __left = __c->_M_left;
   1333 		size_t __left_len = __left->_M_size;
   1334 
   1335 		if (__i >= __left_len)
   1336 		  {
   1337 		    __i -= __left_len;
   1338 		    __r = __c->_M_right;
   1339 		  }
   1340 		else
   1341 		  __r = __left;
   1342 	      }
   1343 	      break;
   1344 	    case __detail::_S_leaf:
   1345 	      {
   1346 		_RopeLeaf* __l = (_RopeLeaf*)__r;
   1347 		return __l->_M_data[__i];
   1348 	      }
   1349 	    case __detail::_S_function:
   1350 	    case __detail::_S_substringfn:
   1351 	      {
   1352 		_RopeFunction* __f = (_RopeFunction*)__r;
   1353 		_CharT __result;
   1354 
   1355 		(*(__f->_M_fn))(__i, 1, &__result);
   1356 		return __result;
   1357 	      }
   1358 	    }
   1359 	}
   1360     }
   1361 
   1362 #ifndef __GC
   1363   // Return a uniquely referenced character slot for the given
   1364   // position, or 0 if that's not possible.
   1365   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1366     _CharT*
   1367     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1368     _S_fetch_ptr(_RopeRep* __r, size_type __i)
   1369     {
   1370       _RopeRep* __clrstack[__detail::_S_max_rope_depth];
   1371       size_t __csptr = 0;
   1372 
   1373       for(;;)
   1374 	{
   1375 	  if (__r->_M_ref_count > 1)
   1376 	    return 0;
   1377 	  switch(__r->_M_tag)
   1378 	    {
   1379 	    case __detail::_S_concat:
   1380 	      {
   1381 		_RopeConcatenation* __c = (_RopeConcatenation*)__r;
   1382 		_RopeRep* __left = __c->_M_left;
   1383 		size_t __left_len = __left->_M_size;
   1384 
   1385 		if (__c->_M_c_string != 0)
   1386 		  __clrstack[__csptr++] = __c;
   1387 		if (__i >= __left_len)
   1388 		  {
   1389 		    __i -= __left_len;
   1390 		    __r = __c->_M_right;
   1391 		  }
   1392 		else
   1393 		  __r = __left;
   1394 	      }
   1395 	      break;
   1396 	    case __detail::_S_leaf:
   1397 	      {
   1398 		_RopeLeaf* __l = (_RopeLeaf*)__r;
   1399 		if (__l->_M_c_string != __l->_M_data && __l->_M_c_string != 0)
   1400 		  __clrstack[__csptr++] = __l;
   1401 		while (__csptr > 0)
   1402 		  {
   1403 		    -- __csptr;
   1404 		    _RopeRep* __d = __clrstack[__csptr];
   1405 		    __d->_M_free_c_string();
   1406 		    __d->_M_c_string = 0;
   1407 		  }
   1408 		return __l->_M_data + __i;
   1409 	      }
   1410 	    case __detail::_S_function:
   1411 	    case __detail::_S_substringfn:
   1412 	      return 0;
   1413 	    }
   1414 	}
   1415     }
   1416 #endif /* __GC */
   1417 
   1418   // The following could be implemented trivially using
   1419   // lexicographical_compare_3way.
   1420   // We do a little more work to avoid dealing with rope iterators for
   1421   // flat strings.
   1422   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1423     int
   1424     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1425     _S_compare (const _RopeRep* __left, const _RopeRep* __right)
   1426     {
   1427       size_t __left_len;
   1428       size_t __right_len;
   1429 
   1430       if (0 == __right)
   1431 	return 0 != __left;
   1432       if (0 == __left)
   1433 	return -1;
   1434       __left_len = __left->_M_size;
   1435       __right_len = __right->_M_size;
   1436       if (__detail::_S_leaf == __left->_M_tag)
   1437 	{
   1438 	  _RopeLeaf* __l = (_RopeLeaf*) __left;
   1439 	  if (__detail::_S_leaf == __right->_M_tag)
   1440 	    {
   1441 	      _RopeLeaf* __r = (_RopeLeaf*) __right;
   1442 	      return lexicographical_compare_3way(__l->_M_data,
   1443 						  __l->_M_data + __left_len,
   1444 						  __r->_M_data, __r->_M_data
   1445 						  + __right_len);
   1446 	    }
   1447 	  else
   1448 	    {
   1449 	      const_iterator __rstart(__right, 0);
   1450 	      const_iterator __rend(__right, __right_len);
   1451 	      return lexicographical_compare_3way(__l->_M_data, __l->_M_data
   1452 						  + __left_len,
   1453 						  __rstart, __rend);
   1454 	    }
   1455 	}
   1456       else
   1457 	{
   1458 	  const_iterator __lstart(__left, 0);
   1459 	  const_iterator __lend(__left, __left_len);
   1460 	  if (__detail::_S_leaf == __right->_M_tag)
   1461 	    {
   1462 	      _RopeLeaf* __r = (_RopeLeaf*) __right;
   1463 	      return lexicographical_compare_3way(__lstart, __lend,
   1464 						  __r->_M_data, __r->_M_data
   1465 						  + __right_len);
   1466 	    }
   1467 	  else
   1468 	    {
   1469 	      const_iterator __rstart(__right, 0);
   1470 	      const_iterator __rend(__right, __right_len);
   1471 	      return lexicographical_compare_3way(__lstart, __lend,
   1472 						  __rstart, __rend);
   1473 	    }
   1474 	}
   1475     }
   1476 
   1477   // Assignment to reference proxies.
   1478   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1479     _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>&
   1480     _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1481     operator=(_CharT __c)
   1482     {
   1483       _RopeRep* __old = _M_root->_M_tree_ptr;
   1484 #ifndef __GC
   1485       // First check for the case in which everything is uniquely
   1486       // referenced.  In that case we can do this destructively.
   1487       _CharT* __ptr = _My_rope::_S_fetch_ptr(__old, _M_pos);
   1488       if (0 != __ptr)
   1489 	{
   1490 	  *__ptr = __c;
   1491 	  return *this;
   1492 	}
   1493 #endif
   1494       _Self_destruct_ptr __left(_My_rope::_S_substring(__old, 0, _M_pos));
   1495       _Self_destruct_ptr __right(_My_rope::_S_substring(__old, _M_pos + 1,
   1496 							__old->_M_size));
   1497       _Self_destruct_ptr __result_left(_My_rope::
   1498 				       _S_destr_concat_char_iter(__left,
   1499 								 &__c, 1));
   1500 
   1501       _RopeRep* __result = _My_rope::_S_concat(__result_left, __right);
   1502 #ifndef __GC
   1503       _RopeRep::_S_unref(__old);
   1504 #endif
   1505       _M_root->_M_tree_ptr = __result;
   1506       return *this;
   1507     }
   1508 
   1509   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1510     inline _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1511     operator _CharT() const
   1512     {
   1513       if (_M_current_valid)
   1514 	return _M_current;
   1515       else
   1516 	return _My_rope::_S_fetch(_M_root->_M_tree_ptr, _M_pos);
   1517     }
   1518 
   1519   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1520     _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>
   1521     _Rope_char_ref_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1522     operator&() const
   1523     { return _Rope_char_ptr_proxy<_CharT, _Alloc>(*this); }
   1524 
   1525   template <class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1526     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1527     rope(size_t __n, _CharT __c, const allocator_type& __a)
   1528     : _Base(__a)
   1529     {
   1530       rope<_CharT,_Alloc> __result;
   1531       const size_t __exponentiate_threshold = 32;
   1532       size_t __exponent;
   1533       size_t __rest;
   1534       _CharT* __rest_buffer;
   1535       _RopeRep* __remainder;
   1536       rope<_CharT, _Alloc> __remainder_rope;
   1537 
   1538       if (0 == __n)
   1539 	return;
   1540 
   1541       __exponent = __n / __exponentiate_threshold;
   1542       __rest = __n % __exponentiate_threshold;
   1543       if (0 == __rest)
   1544 	__remainder = 0;
   1545       else
   1546 	{
   1547 	  __rest_buffer = this->_Data_allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(__rest));
   1548 	  __uninitialized_fill_n_a(__rest_buffer, __rest, __c,
   1549 				   _M_get_allocator());
   1550 	  _S_cond_store_eos(__rest_buffer[__rest]);
   1551 	  __try
   1552 	    { __remainder = _S_new_RopeLeaf(__rest_buffer, __rest,
   1553 					    _M_get_allocator()); }
   1554 	  __catch(...)
   1555 	    {
   1556 	      _RopeRep::__STL_FREE_STRING(__rest_buffer, __rest,
   1557 					  _M_get_allocator());
   1558 	      __throw_exception_again;
   1559 	    }
   1560 	}
   1561       __remainder_rope._M_tree_ptr = __remainder;
   1562       if (__exponent != 0)
   1563 	{
   1564 	  _CharT* __base_buffer =
   1565 	    this->_Data_allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(__exponentiate_threshold));
   1566 	  _RopeLeaf* __base_leaf;
   1567 	  rope __base_rope;
   1568 	  __uninitialized_fill_n_a(__base_buffer, __exponentiate_threshold, __c,
   1569 				   _M_get_allocator());
   1570 	  _S_cond_store_eos(__base_buffer[__exponentiate_threshold]);
   1571 	  __try
   1572 	    {
   1573 	      __base_leaf = _S_new_RopeLeaf(__base_buffer,
   1574 					    __exponentiate_threshold,
   1575 					    _M_get_allocator());
   1576 	    }
   1577 	  __catch(...)
   1578 	    {
   1579 	      _RopeRep::__STL_FREE_STRING(__base_buffer,
   1580 					  __exponentiate_threshold,
   1581 					  _M_get_allocator());
   1582 	      __throw_exception_again;
   1583 	    }
   1584 	  __base_rope._M_tree_ptr = __base_leaf;
   1585 	  if (1 == __exponent)
   1586 	    __result = __base_rope;
   1587 	  else
   1588 	    __result = power(__base_rope, __exponent,
   1589 			     _Rope_Concat_fn<_CharT, _Alloc>());
   1590 
   1591 	  if (0 != __remainder)
   1592 	    __result += __remainder_rope;
   1593 	}
   1594       else
   1595 	__result = __remainder_rope;
   1596 
   1597       this->_M_tree_ptr = __result._M_tree_ptr;
   1598       this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_ref_nonnil();
   1599     }
   1600 
   1601   template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1602     _CharT
   1603     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::_S_empty_c_str[1];
   1604 
   1605   template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1606     const _CharT*
   1607     rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1608     c_str() const
   1609     {
   1610       if (0 == this->_M_tree_ptr)
   1611 	{
   1612 	  _S_empty_c_str[0] = _S_eos((_CharT*)0);  // Possibly redundant,
   1613 	                                           // but probably fast.
   1614 	  return _S_empty_c_str;
   1615 	}
   1616       __gthread_mutex_lock (&this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string_lock);
   1617       __GC_CONST _CharT* __result = this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string;
   1618       if (0 == __result)
   1619 	{
   1620 	  size_t __s = size();
   1621 	  __result = this->_Data_allocate(__s + 1);
   1622 	  _S_flatten(this->_M_tree_ptr, __result);
   1623 	  __result[__s] = _S_eos((_CharT*)0);
   1624 	  this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string = __result;
   1625 	}
   1626       __gthread_mutex_unlock (&this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string_lock);
   1627       return(__result);
   1628     }
   1629 
   1630   template<class _CharT, class _Alloc>
   1631     const _CharT* rope<_CharT, _Alloc>::
   1632     replace_with_c_str()
   1633     {
   1634       if (0 == this->_M_tree_ptr)
   1635 	{
   1636 	  _S_empty_c_str[0] = _S_eos((_CharT*)0);
   1637 	  return _S_empty_c_str;
   1638 	}
   1639       __GC_CONST _CharT* __old_c_string = this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_c_string;
   1640       if (__detail::_S_leaf == this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_tag
   1641 	  && 0 != __old_c_string)
   1642 	return(__old_c_string);
   1643       size_t __s = size();
   1644       _CharT* __result = this->_Data_allocate(_S_rounded_up_size(__s));
   1645       _S_flatten(this->_M_tree_ptr, __result);
   1646       __result[__s] = _S_eos((_CharT*)0);
   1647       this->_M_tree_ptr->_M_unref_nonnil();
   1648       this->_M_tree_ptr = _S_new_RopeLeaf(__result, __s,
   1649 					  this->_M_get_allocator());
   1650       return(__result);
   1651     }
   1652 
   1653   // Algorithm specializations.  More should be added.
   1654 
   1655   template<class _Rope_iterator>  // was templated on CharT and Alloc
   1656     void		          // VC++ workaround
   1657     _Rope_rotate(_Rope_iterator __first,
   1658 		 _Rope_iterator __middle,
   1659 		 _Rope_iterator __last)
   1660     {
   1661       typedef typename _Rope_iterator::value_type _CharT;
   1662       typedef typename _Rope_iterator::_allocator_type _Alloc;
   1663 
   1664       rope<_CharT, _Alloc>& __r(__first.container());
   1665       rope<_CharT, _Alloc> __prefix = __r.substr(0, __first.index());
   1666       rope<_CharT, _Alloc> __suffix =
   1667 	__r.substr(__last.index(), __r.size() - __last.index());
   1668       rope<_CharT, _Alloc> __part1 =
   1669 	__r.substr(__middle.index(), __last.index() - __middle.index());
   1670       rope<_CharT, _Alloc> __part2 =
   1671 	__r.substr(__first.index(), __middle.index() - __first.index());
   1672       __r = __prefix;
   1673       __r += __part1;
   1674       __r += __part2;
   1675       __r += __suffix;
   1676     }
   1677 
   1678 #if !defined(__GNUC__)
   1679   // Appears to confuse g++
   1680   inline void
   1681   rotate(_Rope_iterator<char, __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(char)> __first,
   1682 	 _Rope_iterator<char, __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(char)> __middle,
   1683 	 _Rope_iterator<char, __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(char)> __last)
   1684   { _Rope_rotate(__first, __middle, __last); }
   1685 #endif
   1686 
   1687 # if 0
   1688   // Probably not useful for several reasons:
   1689   // - for SGIs 7.1 compiler and probably some others,
   1690   //   this forces lots of rope<wchar_t, ...> instantiations, creating a
   1691   //   code bloat and compile time problem.  (Fixed in 7.2.)
   1692   // - wchar_t is 4 bytes wide on most UNIX platforms, making it
   1693   //   unattractive for unicode strings.  Unsigned short may be a better
   1694   //   character type.
   1695   inline void
   1696   rotate(_Rope_iterator<wchar_t, __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(char)> __first,
   1697 	 _Rope_iterator<wchar_t, __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(char)> __middle,
   1698 	 _Rope_iterator<wchar_t, __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(char)> __last)
   1699   { _Rope_rotate(__first, __middle, __last); }
   1700 # endif
   1701 
   1702 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
   1703 } // namespace
   1704