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      1 // Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
      2 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
      3 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
      4 
      5 package bytes_test
      6 
      7 import (
      8 	. "bytes"
      9 	"fmt"
     10 	"internal/testenv"
     11 	"math/rand"
     12 	"reflect"
     13 	"strings"
     14 	"testing"
     15 	"unicode"
     16 	"unicode/utf8"
     17 )
     18 
     19 func eq(a, b []string) bool {
     20 	if len(a) != len(b) {
     21 		return false
     22 	}
     23 	for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ {
     24 		if a[i] != b[i] {
     25 			return false
     26 		}
     27 	}
     28 	return true
     29 }
     30 
     31 func sliceOfString(s [][]byte) []string {
     32 	result := make([]string, len(s))
     33 	for i, v := range s {
     34 		result[i] = string(v)
     35 	}
     36 	return result
     37 }
     38 
     39 // For ease of reading, the test cases use strings that are converted to byte
     40 // slices before invoking the functions.
     41 
     42 var abcd = "abcd"
     43 var faces = ""
     44 var commas = "1,2,3,4"
     45 var dots = "1....2....3....4"
     46 
     47 type BinOpTest struct {
     48 	a string
     49 	b string
     50 	i int
     51 }
     52 
     53 func TestEqual(t *testing.T) {
     54 	for _, tt := range compareTests {
     55 		eql := Equal(tt.a, tt.b)
     56 		if eql != (tt.i == 0) {
     57 			t.Errorf(`Equal(%q, %q) = %v`, tt.a, tt.b, eql)
     58 		}
     59 		eql = EqualPortable(tt.a, tt.b)
     60 		if eql != (tt.i == 0) {
     61 			t.Errorf(`EqualPortable(%q, %q) = %v`, tt.a, tt.b, eql)
     62 		}
     63 	}
     64 }
     65 
     66 func TestEqualExhaustive(t *testing.T) {
     67 	var size = 128
     68 	if testing.Short() {
     69 		size = 32
     70 	}
     71 	a := make([]byte, size)
     72 	b := make([]byte, size)
     73 	b_init := make([]byte, size)
     74 	// randomish but deterministic data
     75 	for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
     76 		a[i] = byte(17 * i)
     77 		b_init[i] = byte(23*i + 100)
     78 	}
     79 
     80 	for len := 0; len <= size; len++ {
     81 		for x := 0; x <= size-len; x++ {
     82 			for y := 0; y <= size-len; y++ {
     83 				copy(b, b_init)
     84 				copy(b[y:y+len], a[x:x+len])
     85 				if !Equal(a[x:x+len], b[y:y+len]) || !Equal(b[y:y+len], a[x:x+len]) {
     86 					t.Errorf("Equal(%d, %d, %d) = false", len, x, y)
     87 				}
     88 			}
     89 		}
     90 	}
     91 }
     92 
     93 // make sure Equal returns false for minimally different strings. The data
     94 // is all zeros except for a single one in one location.
     95 func TestNotEqual(t *testing.T) {
     96 	var size = 128
     97 	if testing.Short() {
     98 		size = 32
     99 	}
    100 	a := make([]byte, size)
    101 	b := make([]byte, size)
    102 
    103 	for len := 0; len <= size; len++ {
    104 		for x := 0; x <= size-len; x++ {
    105 			for y := 0; y <= size-len; y++ {
    106 				for diffpos := x; diffpos < x+len; diffpos++ {
    107 					a[diffpos] = 1
    108 					if Equal(a[x:x+len], b[y:y+len]) || Equal(b[y:y+len], a[x:x+len]) {
    109 						t.Errorf("NotEqual(%d, %d, %d, %d) = true", len, x, y, diffpos)
    110 					}
    111 					a[diffpos] = 0
    112 				}
    113 			}
    114 		}
    115 	}
    116 }
    117 
    118 var indexTests = []BinOpTest{
    119 	{"", "", 0},
    120 	{"", "a", -1},
    121 	{"", "foo", -1},
    122 	{"fo", "foo", -1},
    123 	{"foo", "baz", -1},
    124 	{"foo", "foo", 0},
    125 	{"oofofoofooo", "f", 2},
    126 	{"oofofoofooo", "foo", 4},
    127 	{"barfoobarfoo", "foo", 3},
    128 	{"foo", "", 0},
    129 	{"foo", "o", 1},
    130 	{"abcABCabc", "A", 3},
    131 	// cases with one byte strings - test IndexByte and special case in Index()
    132 	{"", "a", -1},
    133 	{"x", "a", -1},
    134 	{"x", "x", 0},
    135 	{"abc", "a", 0},
    136 	{"abc", "b", 1},
    137 	{"abc", "c", 2},
    138 	{"abc", "x", -1},
    139 	{"barfoobarfooyyyzzzyyyzzzyyyzzzyyyxxxzzzyyy", "x", 33},
    140 	{"foofyfoobarfoobar", "y", 4},
    141 	{"oooooooooooooooooooooo", "r", -1},
    142 	// test fallback to Rabin-Karp.
    143 	{"oxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoy", "oy", 22},
    144 	{"oxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxox", "oy", -1},
    145 }
    146 
    147 var lastIndexTests = []BinOpTest{
    148 	{"", "", 0},
    149 	{"", "a", -1},
    150 	{"", "foo", -1},
    151 	{"fo", "foo", -1},
    152 	{"foo", "foo", 0},
    153 	{"foo", "f", 0},
    154 	{"oofofoofooo", "f", 7},
    155 	{"oofofoofooo", "foo", 7},
    156 	{"barfoobarfoo", "foo", 9},
    157 	{"foo", "", 3},
    158 	{"foo", "o", 2},
    159 	{"abcABCabc", "A", 3},
    160 	{"abcABCabc", "a", 6},
    161 }
    162 
    163 var indexAnyTests = []BinOpTest{
    164 	{"", "", -1},
    165 	{"", "a", -1},
    166 	{"", "abc", -1},
    167 	{"a", "", -1},
    168 	{"a", "a", 0},
    169 	{"aaa", "a", 0},
    170 	{"abc", "xyz", -1},
    171 	{"abc", "xcz", 2},
    172 	{"abc", "xyz", 2},
    173 	{"abcd", "cx", len("ab")},
    174 	{"abcd", "uvwxyz", len("ab")},
    175 	{"aRegExp*", ".(|)*+?^$[]", 7},
    176 	{dots + dots + dots, " ", -1},
    177 	{"012abcba210", "\xffb", 4},
    178 	{"012\x80bcb\x80210", "\xffb", 3},
    179 }
    180 
    181 var lastIndexAnyTests = []BinOpTest{
    182 	{"", "", -1},
    183 	{"", "a", -1},
    184 	{"", "abc", -1},
    185 	{"a", "", -1},
    186 	{"a", "a", 0},
    187 	{"aaa", "a", 2},
    188 	{"abc", "xyz", -1},
    189 	{"abc", "ab", 1},
    190 	{"abc", "xyz", 2},
    191 	{"abcd", "cx", len("ab")},
    192 	{"abcd", "uvwxyz", len("ab")},
    193 	{"a.RegExp*", ".(|)*+?^$[]", 8},
    194 	{dots + dots + dots, " ", -1},
    195 	{"012abcba210", "\xffb", 6},
    196 	{"012\x80bcb\x80210", "\xffb", 7},
    197 }
    198 
    199 // Execute f on each test case.  funcName should be the name of f; it's used
    200 // in failure reports.
    201 func runIndexTests(t *testing.T, f func(s, sep []byte) int, funcName string, testCases []BinOpTest) {
    202 	for _, test := range testCases {
    203 		a := []byte(test.a)
    204 		b := []byte(test.b)
    205 		actual := f(a, b)
    206 		if actual != test.i {
    207 			t.Errorf("%s(%q,%q) = %v; want %v", funcName, a, b, actual, test.i)
    208 		}
    209 	}
    210 }
    211 
    212 func runIndexAnyTests(t *testing.T, f func(s []byte, chars string) int, funcName string, testCases []BinOpTest) {
    213 	for _, test := range testCases {
    214 		a := []byte(test.a)
    215 		actual := f(a, test.b)
    216 		if actual != test.i {
    217 			t.Errorf("%s(%q,%q) = %v; want %v", funcName, a, test.b, actual, test.i)
    218 		}
    219 	}
    220 }
    221 
    222 func TestIndex(t *testing.T)     { runIndexTests(t, Index, "Index", indexTests) }
    223 func TestLastIndex(t *testing.T) { runIndexTests(t, LastIndex, "LastIndex", lastIndexTests) }
    224 func TestIndexAny(t *testing.T)  { runIndexAnyTests(t, IndexAny, "IndexAny", indexAnyTests) }
    225 func TestLastIndexAny(t *testing.T) {
    226 	runIndexAnyTests(t, LastIndexAny, "LastIndexAny", lastIndexAnyTests)
    227 }
    228 
    229 func TestIndexByte(t *testing.T) {
    230 	for _, tt := range indexTests {
    231 		if len(tt.b) != 1 {
    232 			continue
    233 		}
    234 		a := []byte(tt.a)
    235 		b := tt.b[0]
    236 		pos := IndexByte(a, b)
    237 		if pos != tt.i {
    238 			t.Errorf(`IndexByte(%q, '%c') = %v`, tt.a, b, pos)
    239 		}
    240 		posp := IndexBytePortable(a, b)
    241 		if posp != tt.i {
    242 			t.Errorf(`indexBytePortable(%q, '%c') = %v`, tt.a, b, posp)
    243 		}
    244 	}
    245 }
    246 
    247 func TestLastIndexByte(t *testing.T) {
    248 	testCases := []BinOpTest{
    249 		{"", "q", -1},
    250 		{"abcdef", "q", -1},
    251 		{"abcdefabcdef", "a", len("abcdef")},      // something in the middle
    252 		{"abcdefabcdef", "f", len("abcdefabcde")}, // last byte
    253 		{"zabcdefabcdef", "z", 0},                 // first byte
    254 		{"abcd", "b", len("a")},               // non-ascii
    255 	}
    256 	for _, test := range testCases {
    257 		actual := LastIndexByte([]byte(test.a), test.b[0])
    258 		if actual != test.i {
    259 			t.Errorf("LastIndexByte(%q,%c) = %v; want %v", test.a, test.b[0], actual, test.i)
    260 		}
    261 	}
    262 }
    263 
    264 // test a larger buffer with different sizes and alignments
    265 func TestIndexByteBig(t *testing.T) {
    266 	var n = 1024
    267 	if testing.Short() {
    268 		n = 128
    269 	}
    270 	b := make([]byte, n)
    271 	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
    272 		// different start alignments
    273 		b1 := b[i:]
    274 		for j := 0; j < len(b1); j++ {
    275 			b1[j] = 'x'
    276 			pos := IndexByte(b1, 'x')
    277 			if pos != j {
    278 				t.Errorf("IndexByte(%q, 'x') = %v", b1, pos)
    279 			}
    280 			b1[j] = 0
    281 			pos = IndexByte(b1, 'x')
    282 			if pos != -1 {
    283 				t.Errorf("IndexByte(%q, 'x') = %v", b1, pos)
    284 			}
    285 		}
    286 		// different end alignments
    287 		b1 = b[:i]
    288 		for j := 0; j < len(b1); j++ {
    289 			b1[j] = 'x'
    290 			pos := IndexByte(b1, 'x')
    291 			if pos != j {
    292 				t.Errorf("IndexByte(%q, 'x') = %v", b1, pos)
    293 			}
    294 			b1[j] = 0
    295 			pos = IndexByte(b1, 'x')
    296 			if pos != -1 {
    297 				t.Errorf("IndexByte(%q, 'x') = %v", b1, pos)
    298 			}
    299 		}
    300 		// different start and end alignments
    301 		b1 = b[i/2 : n-(i+1)/2]
    302 		for j := 0; j < len(b1); j++ {
    303 			b1[j] = 'x'
    304 			pos := IndexByte(b1, 'x')
    305 			if pos != j {
    306 				t.Errorf("IndexByte(%q, 'x') = %v", b1, pos)
    307 			}
    308 			b1[j] = 0
    309 			pos = IndexByte(b1, 'x')
    310 			if pos != -1 {
    311 				t.Errorf("IndexByte(%q, 'x') = %v", b1, pos)
    312 			}
    313 		}
    314 	}
    315 }
    316 
    317 // test a small index across all page offsets
    318 func TestIndexByteSmall(t *testing.T) {
    319 	b := make([]byte, 5015) // bigger than a page
    320 	// Make sure we find the correct byte even when straddling a page.
    321 	for i := 0; i <= len(b)-15; i++ {
    322 		for j := 0; j < 15; j++ {
    323 			b[i+j] = byte(100 + j)
    324 		}
    325 		for j := 0; j < 15; j++ {
    326 			p := IndexByte(b[i:i+15], byte(100+j))
    327 			if p != j {
    328 				t.Errorf("IndexByte(%q, %d) = %d", b[i:i+15], 100+j, p)
    329 			}
    330 		}
    331 		for j := 0; j < 15; j++ {
    332 			b[i+j] = 0
    333 		}
    334 	}
    335 	// Make sure matches outside the slice never trigger.
    336 	for i := 0; i <= len(b)-15; i++ {
    337 		for j := 0; j < 15; j++ {
    338 			b[i+j] = 1
    339 		}
    340 		for j := 0; j < 15; j++ {
    341 			p := IndexByte(b[i:i+15], byte(0))
    342 			if p != -1 {
    343 				t.Errorf("IndexByte(%q, %d) = %d", b[i:i+15], 0, p)
    344 			}
    345 		}
    346 		for j := 0; j < 15; j++ {
    347 			b[i+j] = 0
    348 		}
    349 	}
    350 }
    351 
    352 func TestIndexRune(t *testing.T) {
    353 	tests := []struct {
    354 		in   string
    355 		rune rune
    356 		want int
    357 	}{
    358 		{"", 'a', -1},
    359 		{"", '', -1},
    360 		{"foo", '', -1},
    361 		{"foo", 'o', 1},
    362 		{"foobar", '', 3},
    363 		{"foobar", '', 9},
    364 		{"a A x", 'A', 2},
    365 		{"some_text=some_value", '=', 9},
    366 		{"a", 'a', 3},
    367 		{"ab", '', 4},
    368 
    369 		// RuneError should match any invalid UTF-8 byte sequence.
    370 		{"", '', 0},
    371 		{"\xff", '', 0},
    372 		{"x", '', len("x")},
    373 		{"x\xe2\x98", '', len("x")},
    374 		{"x\xe2\x98", '', len("x")},
    375 		{"x\xe2\x98x", '', len("x")},
    376 
    377 		// Invalid rune values should never match.
    378 		{"abcd\xe2\x98\xff\xed\xa0\x80", -1, -1},
    379 		{"abcd\xe2\x98\xff\xed\xa0\x80", 0xD800, -1}, // Surrogate pair
    380 		{"abcd\xe2\x98\xff\xed\xa0\x80", utf8.MaxRune + 1, -1},
    381 	}
    382 	for _, tt := range tests {
    383 		if got := IndexRune([]byte(tt.in), tt.rune); got != tt.want {
    384 			t.Errorf("IndexRune(%q, %d) = %v; want %v", tt.in, tt.rune, got, tt.want)
    385 		}
    386 	}
    387 
    388 	haystack := []byte("test")
    389 	allocs := testing.AllocsPerRun(1000, func() {
    390 		if i := IndexRune(haystack, 's'); i != 2 {
    391 			t.Fatalf("'s' at %d; want 2", i)
    392 		}
    393 		if i := IndexRune(haystack, ''); i != 4 {
    394 			t.Fatalf("'' at %d; want 4", i)
    395 		}
    396 	})
    397 	if allocs != 0 {
    398 		t.Errorf("expected no allocations, got %f", allocs)
    399 	}
    400 }
    401 
    402 // test count of a single byte across page offsets
    403 func TestCountByte(t *testing.T) {
    404 	b := make([]byte, 5015) // bigger than a page
    405 	windows := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 15, 16, 17, 31, 32, 33, 63, 64, 65, 128}
    406 	testCountWindow := func(i, window int) {
    407 		for j := 0; j < window; j++ {
    408 			b[i+j] = byte(100)
    409 			p := Count(b[i:i+window], []byte{100})
    410 			if p != j+1 {
    411 				t.Errorf("TestCountByte.Count(%q, 100) = %d", b[i:i+window], p)
    412 			}
    413 			pGeneric := CountGeneric(b[i:i+window], []byte{100})
    414 			if pGeneric != j+1 {
    415 				t.Errorf("TestCountByte.CountGeneric(%q, 100) = %d", b[i:i+window], p)
    416 			}
    417 		}
    418 	}
    419 
    420 	maxWnd := windows[len(windows)-1]
    421 
    422 	for i := 0; i <= 2*maxWnd; i++ {
    423 		for _, window := range windows {
    424 			if window > len(b[i:]) {
    425 				window = len(b[i:])
    426 			}
    427 			testCountWindow(i, window)
    428 			for j := 0; j < window; j++ {
    429 				b[i+j] = byte(0)
    430 			}
    431 		}
    432 	}
    433 	for i := 4096 - (maxWnd + 1); i < len(b); i++ {
    434 		for _, window := range windows {
    435 			if window > len(b[i:]) {
    436 				window = len(b[i:])
    437 			}
    438 			testCountWindow(i, window)
    439 			for j := 0; j < window; j++ {
    440 				b[i+j] = byte(0)
    441 			}
    442 		}
    443 	}
    444 }
    445 
    446 // Make sure we don't count bytes outside our window
    447 func TestCountByteNoMatch(t *testing.T) {
    448 	b := make([]byte, 5015)
    449 	windows := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 15, 16, 17, 31, 32, 33, 63, 64, 65, 128}
    450 	for i := 0; i <= len(b); i++ {
    451 		for _, window := range windows {
    452 			if window > len(b[i:]) {
    453 				window = len(b[i:])
    454 			}
    455 			// Fill the window with non-match
    456 			for j := 0; j < window; j++ {
    457 				b[i+j] = byte(100)
    458 			}
    459 			// Try to find something that doesn't exist
    460 			p := Count(b[i:i+window], []byte{0})
    461 			if p != 0 {
    462 				t.Errorf("TestCountByteNoMatch(%q, 0) = %d", b[i:i+window], p)
    463 			}
    464 			pGeneric := CountGeneric(b[i:i+window], []byte{0})
    465 			if pGeneric != 0 {
    466 				t.Errorf("TestCountByteNoMatch.CountGeneric(%q, 100) = %d", b[i:i+window], p)
    467 			}
    468 			for j := 0; j < window; j++ {
    469 				b[i+j] = byte(0)
    470 			}
    471 		}
    472 	}
    473 }
    474 
    475 var bmbuf []byte
    476 
    477 func valName(x int) string {
    478 	if s := x >> 20; s<<20 == x {
    479 		return fmt.Sprintf("%dM", s)
    480 	}
    481 	if s := x >> 10; s<<10 == x {
    482 		return fmt.Sprintf("%dK", s)
    483 	}
    484 	return fmt.Sprint(x)
    485 }
    486 
    487 func benchBytes(b *testing.B, sizes []int, f func(b *testing.B, n int)) {
    488 	for _, n := range sizes {
    489 		if isRaceBuilder && n > 4<<10 {
    490 			continue
    491 		}
    492 		b.Run(valName(n), func(b *testing.B) {
    493 			if len(bmbuf) < n {
    494 				bmbuf = make([]byte, n)
    495 			}
    496 			b.SetBytes(int64(n))
    497 			f(b, n)
    498 		})
    499 	}
    500 }
    501 
    502 var indexSizes = []int{10, 32, 4 << 10, 4 << 20, 64 << 20}
    503 
    504 var isRaceBuilder = strings.HasSuffix(testenv.Builder(), "-race")
    505 
    506 func BenchmarkIndexByte(b *testing.B) {
    507 	benchBytes(b, indexSizes, bmIndexByte(IndexByte))
    508 }
    509 
    510 func BenchmarkIndexBytePortable(b *testing.B) {
    511 	benchBytes(b, indexSizes, bmIndexByte(IndexBytePortable))
    512 }
    513 
    514 func bmIndexByte(index func([]byte, byte) int) func(b *testing.B, n int) {
    515 	return func(b *testing.B, n int) {
    516 		buf := bmbuf[0:n]
    517 		buf[n-1] = 'x'
    518 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
    519 			j := index(buf, 'x')
    520 			if j != n-1 {
    521 				b.Fatal("bad index", j)
    522 			}
    523 		}
    524 		buf[n-1] = '\x00'
    525 	}
    526 }
    527 
    528 func BenchmarkIndexRune(b *testing.B) {
    529 	benchBytes(b, indexSizes, bmIndexRune(IndexRune))
    530 }
    531 
    532 func BenchmarkIndexRuneASCII(b *testing.B) {
    533 	benchBytes(b, indexSizes, bmIndexRuneASCII(IndexRune))
    534 }
    535 
    536 func bmIndexRuneASCII(index func([]byte, rune) int) func(b *testing.B, n int) {
    537 	return func(b *testing.B, n int) {
    538 		buf := bmbuf[0:n]
    539 		buf[n-1] = 'x'
    540 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
    541 			j := index(buf, 'x')
    542 			if j != n-1 {
    543 				b.Fatal("bad index", j)
    544 			}
    545 		}
    546 		buf[n-1] = '\x00'
    547 	}
    548 }
    549 
    550 func bmIndexRune(index func([]byte, rune) int) func(b *testing.B, n int) {
    551 	return func(b *testing.B, n int) {
    552 		buf := bmbuf[0:n]
    553 		utf8.EncodeRune(buf[n-3:], '')
    554 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
    555 			j := index(buf, '')
    556 			if j != n-3 {
    557 				b.Fatal("bad index", j)
    558 			}
    559 		}
    560 		buf[n-3] = '\x00'
    561 		buf[n-2] = '\x00'
    562 		buf[n-1] = '\x00'
    563 	}
    564 }
    565 
    566 func BenchmarkEqual(b *testing.B) {
    567 	b.Run("0", func(b *testing.B) {
    568 		var buf [4]byte
    569 		buf1 := buf[0:0]
    570 		buf2 := buf[1:1]
    571 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
    572 			eq := Equal(buf1, buf2)
    573 			if !eq {
    574 				b.Fatal("bad equal")
    575 			}
    576 		}
    577 	})
    578 
    579 	sizes := []int{1, 6, 9, 15, 16, 20, 32, 4 << 10, 4 << 20, 64 << 20}
    580 	benchBytes(b, sizes, bmEqual(Equal))
    581 }
    582 
    583 func BenchmarkEqualPort(b *testing.B) {
    584 	sizes := []int{1, 6, 32, 4 << 10, 4 << 20, 64 << 20}
    585 	benchBytes(b, sizes, bmEqual(EqualPortable))
    586 }
    587 
    588 func bmEqual(equal func([]byte, []byte) bool) func(b *testing.B, n int) {
    589 	return func(b *testing.B, n int) {
    590 		if len(bmbuf) < 2*n {
    591 			bmbuf = make([]byte, 2*n)
    592 		}
    593 		buf1 := bmbuf[0:n]
    594 		buf2 := bmbuf[n : 2*n]
    595 		buf1[n-1] = 'x'
    596 		buf2[n-1] = 'x'
    597 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
    598 			eq := equal(buf1, buf2)
    599 			if !eq {
    600 				b.Fatal("bad equal")
    601 			}
    602 		}
    603 		buf1[n-1] = '\x00'
    604 		buf2[n-1] = '\x00'
    605 	}
    606 }
    607 
    608 func BenchmarkIndex(b *testing.B) {
    609 	benchBytes(b, indexSizes, func(b *testing.B, n int) {
    610 		buf := bmbuf[0:n]
    611 		buf[n-1] = 'x'
    612 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
    613 			j := Index(buf, buf[n-7:])
    614 			if j != n-7 {
    615 				b.Fatal("bad index", j)
    616 			}
    617 		}
    618 		buf[n-1] = '\x00'
    619 	})
    620 }
    621 
    622 func BenchmarkIndexEasy(b *testing.B) {
    623 	benchBytes(b, indexSizes, func(b *testing.B, n int) {
    624 		buf := bmbuf[0:n]
    625 		buf[n-1] = 'x'
    626 		buf[n-7] = 'x'
    627 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
    628 			j := Index(buf, buf[n-7:])
    629 			if j != n-7 {
    630 				b.Fatal("bad index", j)
    631 			}
    632 		}
    633 		buf[n-1] = '\x00'
    634 		buf[n-7] = '\x00'
    635 	})
    636 }
    637 
    638 func BenchmarkCount(b *testing.B) {
    639 	benchBytes(b, indexSizes, func(b *testing.B, n int) {
    640 		buf := bmbuf[0:n]
    641 		buf[n-1] = 'x'
    642 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
    643 			j := Count(buf, buf[n-7:])
    644 			if j != 1 {
    645 				b.Fatal("bad count", j)
    646 			}
    647 		}
    648 		buf[n-1] = '\x00'
    649 	})
    650 }
    651 
    652 func BenchmarkCountEasy(b *testing.B) {
    653 	benchBytes(b, indexSizes, func(b *testing.B, n int) {
    654 		buf := bmbuf[0:n]
    655 		buf[n-1] = 'x'
    656 		buf[n-7] = 'x'
    657 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
    658 			j := Count(buf, buf[n-7:])
    659 			if j != 1 {
    660 				b.Fatal("bad count", j)
    661 			}
    662 		}
    663 		buf[n-1] = '\x00'
    664 		buf[n-7] = '\x00'
    665 	})
    666 }
    667 
    668 func BenchmarkCountSingle(b *testing.B) {
    669 	benchBytes(b, indexSizes, func(b *testing.B, n int) {
    670 		buf := bmbuf[0:n]
    671 		step := 8
    672 		for i := 0; i < len(buf); i += step {
    673 			buf[i] = 1
    674 		}
    675 		expect := (len(buf) + (step - 1)) / step
    676 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
    677 			j := Count(buf, []byte{1})
    678 			if j != expect {
    679 				b.Fatal("bad count", j, expect)
    680 			}
    681 		}
    682 		for i := 0; i < len(buf); i++ {
    683 			buf[i] = 0
    684 		}
    685 	})
    686 }
    687 
    688 type ExplodeTest struct {
    689 	s string
    690 	n int
    691 	a []string
    692 }
    693 
    694 var explodetests = []ExplodeTest{
    695 	{"", -1, []string{}},
    696 	{abcd, -1, []string{"a", "b", "c", "d"}},
    697 	{faces, -1, []string{"", "", ""}},
    698 	{abcd, 2, []string{"a", "bcd"}},
    699 }
    700 
    701 func TestExplode(t *testing.T) {
    702 	for _, tt := range explodetests {
    703 		a := SplitN([]byte(tt.s), nil, tt.n)
    704 		result := sliceOfString(a)
    705 		if !eq(result, tt.a) {
    706 			t.Errorf(`Explode("%s", %d) = %v; want %v`, tt.s, tt.n, result, tt.a)
    707 			continue
    708 		}
    709 		s := Join(a, []byte{})
    710 		if string(s) != tt.s {
    711 			t.Errorf(`Join(Explode("%s", %d), "") = "%s"`, tt.s, tt.n, s)
    712 		}
    713 	}
    714 }
    715 
    716 type SplitTest struct {
    717 	s   string
    718 	sep string
    719 	n   int
    720 	a   []string
    721 }
    722 
    723 var splittests = []SplitTest{
    724 	{abcd, "a", 0, nil},
    725 	{abcd, "a", -1, []string{"", "bcd"}},
    726 	{abcd, "z", -1, []string{"abcd"}},
    727 	{abcd, "", -1, []string{"a", "b", "c", "d"}},
    728 	{commas, ",", -1, []string{"1", "2", "3", "4"}},
    729 	{dots, "...", -1, []string{"1", ".2", ".3", ".4"}},
    730 	{faces, "", -1, []string{"", ""}},
    731 	{faces, "~", -1, []string{faces}},
    732 	{faces, "", -1, []string{"", "", ""}},
    733 	{"1 2 3 4", " ", 3, []string{"1", "2", "3 4"}},
    734 	{"1 2", " ", 3, []string{"1", "2"}},
    735 	{"123", "", 2, []string{"1", "23"}},
    736 	{"123", "", 17, []string{"1", "2", "3"}},
    737 }
    738 
    739 func TestSplit(t *testing.T) {
    740 	for _, tt := range splittests {
    741 		a := SplitN([]byte(tt.s), []byte(tt.sep), tt.n)
    742 
    743 		// Appending to the results should not change future results.
    744 		var x []byte
    745 		for _, v := range a {
    746 			x = append(v, 'z')
    747 		}
    748 
    749 		result := sliceOfString(a)
    750 		if !eq(result, tt.a) {
    751 			t.Errorf(`Split(%q, %q, %d) = %v; want %v`, tt.s, tt.sep, tt.n, result, tt.a)
    752 			continue
    753 		}
    754 		if tt.n == 0 {
    755 			continue
    756 		}
    757 
    758 		if want := tt.a[len(tt.a)-1] + "z"; string(x) != want {
    759 			t.Errorf("last appended result was %s; want %s", x, want)
    760 		}
    761 
    762 		s := Join(a, []byte(tt.sep))
    763 		if string(s) != tt.s {
    764 			t.Errorf(`Join(Split(%q, %q, %d), %q) = %q`, tt.s, tt.sep, tt.n, tt.sep, s)
    765 		}
    766 		if tt.n < 0 {
    767 			b := Split([]byte(tt.s), []byte(tt.sep))
    768 			if !reflect.DeepEqual(a, b) {
    769 				t.Errorf("Split disagrees withSplitN(%q, %q, %d) = %v; want %v", tt.s, tt.sep, tt.n, b, a)
    770 			}
    771 		}
    772 		if len(a) > 0 {
    773 			in, out := a[0], s
    774 			if cap(in) == cap(out) && &in[:1][0] == &out[:1][0] {
    775 				t.Errorf("Join(%#v, %q) didn't copy", a, tt.sep)
    776 			}
    777 		}
    778 	}
    779 }
    780 
    781 var splitaftertests = []SplitTest{
    782 	{abcd, "a", -1, []string{"a", "bcd"}},
    783 	{abcd, "z", -1, []string{"abcd"}},
    784 	{abcd, "", -1, []string{"a", "b", "c", "d"}},
    785 	{commas, ",", -1, []string{"1,", "2,", "3,", "4"}},
    786 	{dots, "...", -1, []string{"1...", ".2...", ".3...", ".4"}},
    787 	{faces, "", -1, []string{"", ""}},
    788 	{faces, "~", -1, []string{faces}},
    789 	{faces, "", -1, []string{"", "", ""}},
    790 	{"1 2 3 4", " ", 3, []string{"1 ", "2 ", "3 4"}},
    791 	{"1 2 3", " ", 3, []string{"1 ", "2 ", "3"}},
    792 	{"1 2", " ", 3, []string{"1 ", "2"}},
    793 	{"123", "", 2, []string{"1", "23"}},
    794 	{"123", "", 17, []string{"1", "2", "3"}},
    795 }
    796 
    797 func TestSplitAfter(t *testing.T) {
    798 	for _, tt := range splitaftertests {
    799 		a := SplitAfterN([]byte(tt.s), []byte(tt.sep), tt.n)
    800 
    801 		// Appending to the results should not change future results.
    802 		var x []byte
    803 		for _, v := range a {
    804 			x = append(v, 'z')
    805 		}
    806 
    807 		result := sliceOfString(a)
    808 		if !eq(result, tt.a) {
    809 			t.Errorf(`Split(%q, %q, %d) = %v; want %v`, tt.s, tt.sep, tt.n, result, tt.a)
    810 			continue
    811 		}
    812 
    813 		if want := tt.a[len(tt.a)-1] + "z"; string(x) != want {
    814 			t.Errorf("last appended result was %s; want %s", x, want)
    815 		}
    816 
    817 		s := Join(a, nil)
    818 		if string(s) != tt.s {
    819 			t.Errorf(`Join(Split(%q, %q, %d), %q) = %q`, tt.s, tt.sep, tt.n, tt.sep, s)
    820 		}
    821 		if tt.n < 0 {
    822 			b := SplitAfter([]byte(tt.s), []byte(tt.sep))
    823 			if !reflect.DeepEqual(a, b) {
    824 				t.Errorf("SplitAfter disagrees withSplitAfterN(%q, %q, %d) = %v; want %v", tt.s, tt.sep, tt.n, b, a)
    825 			}
    826 		}
    827 	}
    828 }
    829 
    830 type FieldsTest struct {
    831 	s string
    832 	a []string
    833 }
    834 
    835 var fieldstests = []FieldsTest{
    836 	{"", []string{}},
    837 	{" ", []string{}},
    838 	{" \t ", []string{}},
    839 	{"  abc  ", []string{"abc"}},
    840 	{"1 2 3 4", []string{"1", "2", "3", "4"}},
    841 	{"1  2  3  4", []string{"1", "2", "3", "4"}},
    842 	{"1\t\t2\t\t3\t4", []string{"1", "2", "3", "4"}},
    843 	{"1\u20002\u20013\u20024", []string{"1", "2", "3", "4"}},
    844 	{"\u2000\u2001\u2002", []string{}},
    845 	{"\n\t\n", []string{"", ""}},
    846 	{faces, []string{faces}},
    847 }
    848 
    849 func TestFields(t *testing.T) {
    850 	for _, tt := range fieldstests {
    851 		b := []byte(tt.s)
    852 		a := Fields(b)
    853 
    854 		// Appending to the results should not change future results.
    855 		var x []byte
    856 		for _, v := range a {
    857 			x = append(v, 'z')
    858 		}
    859 
    860 		result := sliceOfString(a)
    861 		if !eq(result, tt.a) {
    862 			t.Errorf("Fields(%q) = %v; want %v", tt.s, a, tt.a)
    863 			continue
    864 		}
    865 
    866 		if string(b) != tt.s {
    867 			t.Errorf("slice changed to %s; want %s", string(b), tt.s)
    868 		}
    869 		if len(tt.a) > 0 {
    870 			if want := tt.a[len(tt.a)-1] + "z"; string(x) != want {
    871 				t.Errorf("last appended result was %s; want %s", x, want)
    872 			}
    873 		}
    874 	}
    875 }
    876 
    877 func TestFieldsFunc(t *testing.T) {
    878 	for _, tt := range fieldstests {
    879 		a := FieldsFunc([]byte(tt.s), unicode.IsSpace)
    880 		result := sliceOfString(a)
    881 		if !eq(result, tt.a) {
    882 			t.Errorf("FieldsFunc(%q, unicode.IsSpace) = %v; want %v", tt.s, a, tt.a)
    883 			continue
    884 		}
    885 	}
    886 	pred := func(c rune) bool { return c == 'X' }
    887 	var fieldsFuncTests = []FieldsTest{
    888 		{"", []string{}},
    889 		{"XX", []string{}},
    890 		{"XXhiXXX", []string{"hi"}},
    891 		{"aXXbXXXcX", []string{"a", "b", "c"}},
    892 	}
    893 	for _, tt := range fieldsFuncTests {
    894 		b := []byte(tt.s)
    895 		a := FieldsFunc(b, pred)
    896 
    897 		// Appending to the results should not change future results.
    898 		var x []byte
    899 		for _, v := range a {
    900 			x = append(v, 'z')
    901 		}
    902 
    903 		result := sliceOfString(a)
    904 		if !eq(result, tt.a) {
    905 			t.Errorf("FieldsFunc(%q) = %v, want %v", tt.s, a, tt.a)
    906 		}
    907 
    908 		if string(b) != tt.s {
    909 			t.Errorf("slice changed to %s; want %s", b, tt.s)
    910 		}
    911 		if len(tt.a) > 0 {
    912 			if want := tt.a[len(tt.a)-1] + "z"; string(x) != want {
    913 				t.Errorf("last appended result was %s; want %s", x, want)
    914 			}
    915 		}
    916 	}
    917 }
    918 
    919 // Test case for any function which accepts and returns a byte slice.
    920 // For ease of creation, we write the byte slices as strings.
    921 type StringTest struct {
    922 	in, out string
    923 }
    924 
    925 var upperTests = []StringTest{
    926 	{"", ""},
    927 	{"abc", "ABC"},
    928 	{"AbC123", "ABC123"},
    929 	{"azAZ09_", "AZAZ09_"},
    930 	{"\u0250\u0250\u0250\u0250\u0250", "\u2C6F\u2C6F\u2C6F\u2C6F\u2C6F"}, // grows one byte per char
    931 }
    932 
    933 var lowerTests = []StringTest{
    934 	{"", ""},
    935 	{"abc", "abc"},
    936 	{"AbC123", "abc123"},
    937 	{"azAZ09_", "azaz09_"},
    938 	{"\u2C6D\u2C6D\u2C6D\u2C6D\u2C6D", "\u0251\u0251\u0251\u0251\u0251"}, // shrinks one byte per char
    939 }
    940 
    941 const space = "\t\v\r\f\n\u0085\u00a0\u2000\u3000"
    942 
    943 var trimSpaceTests = []StringTest{
    944 	{"", ""},
    945 	{"abc", "abc"},
    946 	{space + "abc" + space, "abc"},
    947 	{" ", ""},
    948 	{" \t\r\n \t\t\r\r\n\n ", ""},
    949 	{" \t\r\n x\t\t\r\r\n\n ", "x"},
    950 	{" \u2000\t\r\n x\t\t\r\r\ny\n \u3000", "x\t\t\r\r\ny"},
    951 	{"1 \t\r\n2", "1 \t\r\n2"},
    952 	{" x\x80", "x\x80"},
    953 	{" x\xc0", "x\xc0"},
    954 	{"x \xc0\xc0 ", "x \xc0\xc0"},
    955 	{"x \xc0", "x \xc0"},
    956 	{"x \xc0 ", "x \xc0"},
    957 	{"x \xc0\xc0 ", "x \xc0\xc0"},
    958 	{"x \xc0\xc0 ", "x \xc0\xc0"},
    959 	{"x  ", "x "},
    960 }
    961 
    962 // Execute f on each test case.  funcName should be the name of f; it's used
    963 // in failure reports.
    964 func runStringTests(t *testing.T, f func([]byte) []byte, funcName string, testCases []StringTest) {
    965 	for _, tc := range testCases {
    966 		actual := string(f([]byte(tc.in)))
    967 		if actual != tc.out {
    968 			t.Errorf("%s(%q) = %q; want %q", funcName, tc.in, actual, tc.out)
    969 		}
    970 	}
    971 }
    972 
    973 func tenRunes(r rune) string {
    974 	runes := make([]rune, 10)
    975 	for i := range runes {
    976 		runes[i] = r
    977 	}
    978 	return string(runes)
    979 }
    980 
    981 // User-defined self-inverse mapping function
    982 func rot13(r rune) rune {
    983 	const step = 13
    984 	if r >= 'a' && r <= 'z' {
    985 		return ((r - 'a' + step) % 26) + 'a'
    986 	}
    987 	if r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z' {
    988 		return ((r - 'A' + step) % 26) + 'A'
    989 	}
    990 	return r
    991 }
    992 
    993 func TestMap(t *testing.T) {
    994 	// Run a couple of awful growth/shrinkage tests
    995 	a := tenRunes('a')
    996 
    997 	// 1.  Grow. This triggers two reallocations in Map.
    998 	maxRune := func(r rune) rune { return unicode.MaxRune }
    999 	m := Map(maxRune, []byte(a))
   1000 	expect := tenRunes(unicode.MaxRune)
   1001 	if string(m) != expect {
   1002 		t.Errorf("growing: expected %q got %q", expect, m)
   1003 	}
   1004 
   1005 	// 2. Shrink
   1006 	minRune := func(r rune) rune { return 'a' }
   1007 	m = Map(minRune, []byte(tenRunes(unicode.MaxRune)))
   1008 	expect = a
   1009 	if string(m) != expect {
   1010 		t.Errorf("shrinking: expected %q got %q", expect, m)
   1011 	}
   1012 
   1013 	// 3. Rot13
   1014 	m = Map(rot13, []byte("a to zed"))
   1015 	expect = "n gb mrq"
   1016 	if string(m) != expect {
   1017 		t.Errorf("rot13: expected %q got %q", expect, m)
   1018 	}
   1019 
   1020 	// 4. Rot13^2
   1021 	m = Map(rot13, Map(rot13, []byte("a to zed")))
   1022 	expect = "a to zed"
   1023 	if string(m) != expect {
   1024 		t.Errorf("rot13: expected %q got %q", expect, m)
   1025 	}
   1026 
   1027 	// 5. Drop
   1028 	dropNotLatin := func(r rune) rune {
   1029 		if unicode.Is(unicode.Latin, r) {
   1030 			return r
   1031 		}
   1032 		return -1
   1033 	}
   1034 	m = Map(dropNotLatin, []byte("Hello, "))
   1035 	expect = "Hello"
   1036 	if string(m) != expect {
   1037 		t.Errorf("drop: expected %q got %q", expect, m)
   1038 	}
   1039 
   1040 	// 6. Invalid rune
   1041 	invalidRune := func(r rune) rune {
   1042 		return utf8.MaxRune + 1
   1043 	}
   1044 	m = Map(invalidRune, []byte("x"))
   1045 	expect = "\uFFFD"
   1046 	if string(m) != expect {
   1047 		t.Errorf("invalidRune: expected %q got %q", expect, m)
   1048 	}
   1049 }
   1050 
   1051 func TestToUpper(t *testing.T) { runStringTests(t, ToUpper, "ToUpper", upperTests) }
   1052 
   1053 func TestToLower(t *testing.T) { runStringTests(t, ToLower, "ToLower", lowerTests) }
   1054 
   1055 func TestTrimSpace(t *testing.T) { runStringTests(t, TrimSpace, "TrimSpace", trimSpaceTests) }
   1056 
   1057 type RepeatTest struct {
   1058 	in, out string
   1059 	count   int
   1060 }
   1061 
   1062 var RepeatTests = []RepeatTest{
   1063 	{"", "", 0},
   1064 	{"", "", 1},
   1065 	{"", "", 2},
   1066 	{"-", "", 0},
   1067 	{"-", "-", 1},
   1068 	{"-", "----------", 10},
   1069 	{"abc ", "abc abc abc ", 3},
   1070 }
   1071 
   1072 func TestRepeat(t *testing.T) {
   1073 	for _, tt := range RepeatTests {
   1074 		tin := []byte(tt.in)
   1075 		tout := []byte(tt.out)
   1076 		a := Repeat(tin, tt.count)
   1077 		if !Equal(a, tout) {
   1078 			t.Errorf("Repeat(%q, %d) = %q; want %q", tin, tt.count, a, tout)
   1079 			continue
   1080 		}
   1081 	}
   1082 }
   1083 
   1084 func repeat(b []byte, count int) (err error) {
   1085 	defer func() {
   1086 		if r := recover(); r != nil {
   1087 			switch v := r.(type) {
   1088 			case error:
   1089 				err = v
   1090 			default:
   1091 				err = fmt.Errorf("%s", v)
   1092 			}
   1093 		}
   1094 	}()
   1095 
   1096 	Repeat(b, count)
   1097 
   1098 	return
   1099 }
   1100 
   1101 // See Issue golang.org/issue/16237
   1102 func TestRepeatCatchesOverflow(t *testing.T) {
   1103 	tests := [...]struct {
   1104 		s      string
   1105 		count  int
   1106 		errStr string
   1107 	}{
   1108 		0: {"--", -2147483647, "negative"},
   1109 		1: {"", int(^uint(0) >> 1), ""},
   1110 		2: {"-", 10, ""},
   1111 		3: {"gopher", 0, ""},
   1112 		4: {"-", -1, "negative"},
   1113 		5: {"--", -102, "negative"},
   1114 		6: {string(make([]byte, 255)), int((^uint(0))/255 + 1), "overflow"},
   1115 	}
   1116 
   1117 	for i, tt := range tests {
   1118 		err := repeat([]byte(tt.s), tt.count)
   1119 		if tt.errStr == "" {
   1120 			if err != nil {
   1121 				t.Errorf("#%d panicked %v", i, err)
   1122 			}
   1123 			continue
   1124 		}
   1125 
   1126 		if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), tt.errStr) {
   1127 			t.Errorf("#%d expected %q got %q", i, tt.errStr, err)
   1128 		}
   1129 	}
   1130 }
   1131 
   1132 func runesEqual(a, b []rune) bool {
   1133 	if len(a) != len(b) {
   1134 		return false
   1135 	}
   1136 	for i, r := range a {
   1137 		if r != b[i] {
   1138 			return false
   1139 		}
   1140 	}
   1141 	return true
   1142 }
   1143 
   1144 type RunesTest struct {
   1145 	in    string
   1146 	out   []rune
   1147 	lossy bool
   1148 }
   1149 
   1150 var RunesTests = []RunesTest{
   1151 	{"", []rune{}, false},
   1152 	{" ", []rune{32}, false},
   1153 	{"ABC", []rune{65, 66, 67}, false},
   1154 	{"abc", []rune{97, 98, 99}, false},
   1155 	{"\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e", []rune{26085, 26412, 35486}, false},
   1156 	{"ab\x80c", []rune{97, 98, 0xFFFD, 99}, true},
   1157 	{"ab\xc0c", []rune{97, 98, 0xFFFD, 99}, true},
   1158 }
   1159 
   1160 func TestRunes(t *testing.T) {
   1161 	for _, tt := range RunesTests {
   1162 		tin := []byte(tt.in)
   1163 		a := Runes(tin)
   1164 		if !runesEqual(a, tt.out) {
   1165 			t.Errorf("Runes(%q) = %v; want %v", tin, a, tt.out)
   1166 			continue
   1167 		}
   1168 		if !tt.lossy {
   1169 			// can only test reassembly if we didn't lose information
   1170 			s := string(a)
   1171 			if s != tt.in {
   1172 				t.Errorf("string(Runes(%q)) = %x; want %x", tin, s, tin)
   1173 			}
   1174 		}
   1175 	}
   1176 }
   1177 
   1178 type TrimTest struct {
   1179 	f            string
   1180 	in, arg, out string
   1181 }
   1182 
   1183 var trimTests = []TrimTest{
   1184 	{"Trim", "abba", "a", "bb"},
   1185 	{"Trim", "abba", "ab", ""},
   1186 	{"TrimLeft", "abba", "ab", ""},
   1187 	{"TrimRight", "abba", "ab", ""},
   1188 	{"TrimLeft", "abba", "a", "bba"},
   1189 	{"TrimRight", "abba", "a", "abb"},
   1190 	{"Trim", "<tag>", "<>", "tag"},
   1191 	{"Trim", "* listitem", " *", "listitem"},
   1192 	{"Trim", `"quote"`, `"`, "quote"},
   1193 	{"Trim", "\u2C6F\u2C6F\u0250\u0250\u2C6F\u2C6F", "\u2C6F", "\u0250\u0250"},
   1194 	{"Trim", "\x80test\xff", "\xff", "test"},
   1195 	{"Trim", "  ", " ", ""},
   1196 	{"Trim", " 0", "0 ", ""},
   1197 	//empty string tests
   1198 	{"Trim", "abba", "", "abba"},
   1199 	{"Trim", "", "123", ""},
   1200 	{"Trim", "", "", ""},
   1201 	{"TrimLeft", "abba", "", "abba"},
   1202 	{"TrimLeft", "", "123", ""},
   1203 	{"TrimLeft", "", "", ""},
   1204 	{"TrimRight", "abba", "", "abba"},
   1205 	{"TrimRight", "", "123", ""},
   1206 	{"TrimRight", "", "", ""},
   1207 	{"TrimRight", "\xc0", "", "\xc0"},
   1208 	{"TrimPrefix", "aabb", "a", "abb"},
   1209 	{"TrimPrefix", "aabb", "b", "aabb"},
   1210 	{"TrimSuffix", "aabb", "a", "aabb"},
   1211 	{"TrimSuffix", "aabb", "b", "aab"},
   1212 }
   1213 
   1214 func TestTrim(t *testing.T) {
   1215 	for _, tc := range trimTests {
   1216 		name := tc.f
   1217 		var f func([]byte, string) []byte
   1218 		var fb func([]byte, []byte) []byte
   1219 		switch name {
   1220 		case "Trim":
   1221 			f = Trim
   1222 		case "TrimLeft":
   1223 			f = TrimLeft
   1224 		case "TrimRight":
   1225 			f = TrimRight
   1226 		case "TrimPrefix":
   1227 			fb = TrimPrefix
   1228 		case "TrimSuffix":
   1229 			fb = TrimSuffix
   1230 		default:
   1231 			t.Errorf("Undefined trim function %s", name)
   1232 		}
   1233 		var actual string
   1234 		if f != nil {
   1235 			actual = string(f([]byte(tc.in), tc.arg))
   1236 		} else {
   1237 			actual = string(fb([]byte(tc.in), []byte(tc.arg)))
   1238 		}
   1239 		if actual != tc.out {
   1240 			t.Errorf("%s(%q, %q) = %q; want %q", name, tc.in, tc.arg, actual, tc.out)
   1241 		}
   1242 	}
   1243 }
   1244 
   1245 type predicate struct {
   1246 	f    func(r rune) bool
   1247 	name string
   1248 }
   1249 
   1250 var isSpace = predicate{unicode.IsSpace, "IsSpace"}
   1251 var isDigit = predicate{unicode.IsDigit, "IsDigit"}
   1252 var isUpper = predicate{unicode.IsUpper, "IsUpper"}
   1253 var isValidRune = predicate{
   1254 	func(r rune) bool {
   1255 		return r != utf8.RuneError
   1256 	},
   1257 	"IsValidRune",
   1258 }
   1259 
   1260 type TrimFuncTest struct {
   1261 	f       predicate
   1262 	in, out string
   1263 }
   1264 
   1265 func not(p predicate) predicate {
   1266 	return predicate{
   1267 		func(r rune) bool {
   1268 			return !p.f(r)
   1269 		},
   1270 		"not " + p.name,
   1271 	}
   1272 }
   1273 
   1274 var trimFuncTests = []TrimFuncTest{
   1275 	{isSpace, space + " hello " + space, "hello"},
   1276 	{isDigit, "\u0e50\u0e5212hello34\u0e50\u0e51", "hello"},
   1277 	{isUpper, "\u2C6F\u2C6F\u2C6F\u2C6FABCDhelloEF\u2C6F\u2C6FGH\u2C6F\u2C6F", "hello"},
   1278 	{not(isSpace), "hello" + space + "hello", space},
   1279 	{not(isDigit), "hello\u0e50\u0e521234\u0e50\u0e51helo", "\u0e50\u0e521234\u0e50\u0e51"},
   1280 	{isValidRune, "ab\xc0a\xc0cd", "\xc0a\xc0"},
   1281 	{not(isValidRune), "\xc0a\xc0", "a"},
   1282 }
   1283 
   1284 func TestTrimFunc(t *testing.T) {
   1285 	for _, tc := range trimFuncTests {
   1286 		actual := string(TrimFunc([]byte(tc.in), tc.f.f))
   1287 		if actual != tc.out {
   1288 			t.Errorf("TrimFunc(%q, %q) = %q; want %q", tc.in, tc.f.name, actual, tc.out)
   1289 		}
   1290 	}
   1291 }
   1292 
   1293 type IndexFuncTest struct {
   1294 	in          string
   1295 	f           predicate
   1296 	first, last int
   1297 }
   1298 
   1299 var indexFuncTests = []IndexFuncTest{
   1300 	{"", isValidRune, -1, -1},
   1301 	{"abc", isDigit, -1, -1},
   1302 	{"0123", isDigit, 0, 3},
   1303 	{"a1b", isDigit, 1, 1},
   1304 	{space, isSpace, 0, len(space) - 3}, // last rune in space is 3 bytes
   1305 	{"\u0e50\u0e5212hello34\u0e50\u0e51", isDigit, 0, 18},
   1306 	{"\u2C6F\u2C6F\u2C6F\u2C6FABCDhelloEF\u2C6F\u2C6FGH\u2C6F\u2C6F", isUpper, 0, 34},
   1307 	{"12\u0e50\u0e52hello34\u0e50\u0e51", not(isDigit), 8, 12},
   1308 
   1309 	// tests of invalid UTF-8
   1310 	{"\x801", isDigit, 1, 1},
   1311 	{"\x80abc", isDigit, -1, -1},
   1312 	{"\xc0a\xc0", isValidRune, 1, 1},
   1313 	{"\xc0a\xc0", not(isValidRune), 0, 2},
   1314 	{"\xc0\xc0", not(isValidRune), 0, 4},
   1315 	{"\xc0\xc0\xc0", not(isValidRune), 0, 5},
   1316 	{"ab\xc0a\xc0cd", not(isValidRune), 2, 4},
   1317 	{"a\xe0\x80cd", not(isValidRune), 1, 2},
   1318 }
   1319 
   1320 func TestIndexFunc(t *testing.T) {
   1321 	for _, tc := range indexFuncTests {
   1322 		first := IndexFunc([]byte(tc.in), tc.f.f)
   1323 		if first != tc.first {
   1324 			t.Errorf("IndexFunc(%q, %s) = %d; want %d", tc.in, tc.f.name, first, tc.first)
   1325 		}
   1326 		last := LastIndexFunc([]byte(tc.in), tc.f.f)
   1327 		if last != tc.last {
   1328 			t.Errorf("LastIndexFunc(%q, %s) = %d; want %d", tc.in, tc.f.name, last, tc.last)
   1329 		}
   1330 	}
   1331 }
   1332 
   1333 type ReplaceTest struct {
   1334 	in       string
   1335 	old, new string
   1336 	n        int
   1337 	out      string
   1338 }
   1339 
   1340 var ReplaceTests = []ReplaceTest{
   1341 	{"hello", "l", "L", 0, "hello"},
   1342 	{"hello", "l", "L", -1, "heLLo"},
   1343 	{"hello", "x", "X", -1, "hello"},
   1344 	{"", "x", "X", -1, ""},
   1345 	{"radar", "r", "<r>", -1, "<r>ada<r>"},
   1346 	{"", "", "<>", -1, "<>"},
   1347 	{"banana", "a", "<>", -1, "b<>n<>n<>"},
   1348 	{"banana", "a", "<>", 1, "b<>nana"},
   1349 	{"banana", "a", "<>", 1000, "b<>n<>n<>"},
   1350 	{"banana", "an", "<>", -1, "b<><>a"},
   1351 	{"banana", "ana", "<>", -1, "b<>na"},
   1352 	{"banana", "", "<>", -1, "<>b<>a<>n<>a<>n<>a<>"},
   1353 	{"banana", "", "<>", 10, "<>b<>a<>n<>a<>n<>a<>"},
   1354 	{"banana", "", "<>", 6, "<>b<>a<>n<>a<>n<>a"},
   1355 	{"banana", "", "<>", 5, "<>b<>a<>n<>a<>na"},
   1356 	{"banana", "", "<>", 1, "<>banana"},
   1357 	{"banana", "a", "a", -1, "banana"},
   1358 	{"banana", "a", "a", 1, "banana"},
   1359 	{"", "", "<>", -1, "<><><><>"},
   1360 }
   1361 
   1362 func TestReplace(t *testing.T) {
   1363 	for _, tt := range ReplaceTests {
   1364 		in := append([]byte(tt.in), "<spare>"...)
   1365 		in = in[:len(tt.in)]
   1366 		out := Replace(in, []byte(tt.old), []byte(tt.new), tt.n)
   1367 		if s := string(out); s != tt.out {
   1368 			t.Errorf("Replace(%q, %q, %q, %d) = %q, want %q", tt.in, tt.old, tt.new, tt.n, s, tt.out)
   1369 		}
   1370 		if cap(in) == cap(out) && &in[:1][0] == &out[:1][0] {
   1371 			t.Errorf("Replace(%q, %q, %q, %d) didn't copy", tt.in, tt.old, tt.new, tt.n)
   1372 		}
   1373 	}
   1374 }
   1375 
   1376 type TitleTest struct {
   1377 	in, out string
   1378 }
   1379 
   1380 var TitleTests = []TitleTest{
   1381 	{"", ""},
   1382 	{"a", "A"},
   1383 	{" aaa aaa aaa ", " Aaa Aaa Aaa "},
   1384 	{" Aaa Aaa Aaa ", " Aaa Aaa Aaa "},
   1385 	{"123a456", "123a456"},
   1386 	{"double-blind", "Double-Blind"},
   1387 	{"", ""},
   1388 	{"with_underscore", "With_underscore"},
   1389 	{"unicode \xe2\x80\xa8 line separator", "Unicode \xe2\x80\xa8 Line Separator"},
   1390 }
   1391 
   1392 func TestTitle(t *testing.T) {
   1393 	for _, tt := range TitleTests {
   1394 		if s := string(Title([]byte(tt.in))); s != tt.out {
   1395 			t.Errorf("Title(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.in, s, tt.out)
   1396 		}
   1397 	}
   1398 }
   1399 
   1400 var ToTitleTests = []TitleTest{
   1401 	{"", ""},
   1402 	{"a", "A"},
   1403 	{" aaa aaa aaa ", " AAA AAA AAA "},
   1404 	{" Aaa Aaa Aaa ", " AAA AAA AAA "},
   1405 	{"123a456", "123A456"},
   1406 	{"double-blind", "DOUBLE-BLIND"},
   1407 	{"", ""},
   1408 }
   1409 
   1410 func TestToTitle(t *testing.T) {
   1411 	for _, tt := range ToTitleTests {
   1412 		if s := string(ToTitle([]byte(tt.in))); s != tt.out {
   1413 			t.Errorf("ToTitle(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.in, s, tt.out)
   1414 		}
   1415 	}
   1416 }
   1417 
   1418 var EqualFoldTests = []struct {
   1419 	s, t string
   1420 	out  bool
   1421 }{
   1422 	{"abc", "abc", true},
   1423 	{"ABcd", "ABcd", true},
   1424 	{"123abc", "123ABC", true},
   1425 	{"", "", true},
   1426 	{"abc", "xyz", false},
   1427 	{"abc", "XYZ", false},
   1428 	{"abcdefghijk", "abcdefghijX", false},
   1429 	{"abcdefghijk", "abcdefghij\u212A", true},
   1430 	{"abcdefghijK", "abcdefghij\u212A", true},
   1431 	{"abcdefghijkz", "abcdefghij\u212Ay", false},
   1432 	{"abcdefghijKz", "abcdefghij\u212Ay", false},
   1433 }
   1434 
   1435 func TestEqualFold(t *testing.T) {
   1436 	for _, tt := range EqualFoldTests {
   1437 		if out := EqualFold([]byte(tt.s), []byte(tt.t)); out != tt.out {
   1438 			t.Errorf("EqualFold(%#q, %#q) = %v, want %v", tt.s, tt.t, out, tt.out)
   1439 		}
   1440 		if out := EqualFold([]byte(tt.t), []byte(tt.s)); out != tt.out {
   1441 			t.Errorf("EqualFold(%#q, %#q) = %v, want %v", tt.t, tt.s, out, tt.out)
   1442 		}
   1443 	}
   1444 }
   1445 
   1446 func TestBufferGrowNegative(t *testing.T) {
   1447 	defer func() {
   1448 		if err := recover(); err == nil {
   1449 			t.Fatal("Grow(-1) should have panicked")
   1450 		}
   1451 	}()
   1452 	var b Buffer
   1453 	b.Grow(-1)
   1454 }
   1455 
   1456 func TestBufferTruncateNegative(t *testing.T) {
   1457 	defer func() {
   1458 		if err := recover(); err == nil {
   1459 			t.Fatal("Truncate(-1) should have panicked")
   1460 		}
   1461 	}()
   1462 	var b Buffer
   1463 	b.Truncate(-1)
   1464 }
   1465 
   1466 func TestBufferTruncateOutOfRange(t *testing.T) {
   1467 	defer func() {
   1468 		if err := recover(); err == nil {
   1469 			t.Fatal("Truncate(20) should have panicked")
   1470 		}
   1471 	}()
   1472 	var b Buffer
   1473 	b.Write(make([]byte, 10))
   1474 	b.Truncate(20)
   1475 }
   1476 
   1477 var containsTests = []struct {
   1478 	b, subslice []byte
   1479 	want        bool
   1480 }{
   1481 	{[]byte("hello"), []byte("hel"), true},
   1482 	{[]byte(""), []byte(""), true},
   1483 	{[]byte("hello"), []byte("Hello, world"), false},
   1484 	{[]byte(""), []byte(""), false},
   1485 }
   1486 
   1487 func TestContains(t *testing.T) {
   1488 	for _, tt := range containsTests {
   1489 		if got := Contains(tt.b, tt.subslice); got != tt.want {
   1490 			t.Errorf("Contains(%q, %q) = %v, want %v", tt.b, tt.subslice, got, tt.want)
   1491 		}
   1492 	}
   1493 }
   1494 
   1495 var ContainsAnyTests = []struct {
   1496 	b        []byte
   1497 	substr   string
   1498 	expected bool
   1499 }{
   1500 	{[]byte(""), "", false},
   1501 	{[]byte(""), "a", false},
   1502 	{[]byte(""), "abc", false},
   1503 	{[]byte("a"), "", false},
   1504 	{[]byte("a"), "a", true},
   1505 	{[]byte("aaa"), "a", true},
   1506 	{[]byte("abc"), "xyz", false},
   1507 	{[]byte("abc"), "xcz", true},
   1508 	{[]byte("abcd"), "uvwxyz", true},
   1509 	{[]byte("aRegExp*"), ".(|)*+?^$[]", true},
   1510 	{[]byte(dots + dots + dots), " ", false},
   1511 }
   1512 
   1513 func TestContainsAny(t *testing.T) {
   1514 	for _, ct := range ContainsAnyTests {
   1515 		if ContainsAny(ct.b, ct.substr) != ct.expected {
   1516 			t.Errorf("ContainsAny(%s, %s) = %v, want %v",
   1517 				ct.b, ct.substr, !ct.expected, ct.expected)
   1518 		}
   1519 	}
   1520 }
   1521 
   1522 var ContainsRuneTests = []struct {
   1523 	b        []byte
   1524 	r        rune
   1525 	expected bool
   1526 }{
   1527 	{[]byte(""), 'a', false},
   1528 	{[]byte("a"), 'a', true},
   1529 	{[]byte("aaa"), 'a', true},
   1530 	{[]byte("abc"), 'y', false},
   1531 	{[]byte("abc"), 'c', true},
   1532 	{[]byte("abcd"), 'x', false},
   1533 	{[]byte("abcd"), '', true},
   1534 	{[]byte("aRegExp*"), '*', true},
   1535 }
   1536 
   1537 func TestContainsRune(t *testing.T) {
   1538 	for _, ct := range ContainsRuneTests {
   1539 		if ContainsRune(ct.b, ct.r) != ct.expected {
   1540 			t.Errorf("ContainsRune(%q, %q) = %v, want %v",
   1541 				ct.b, ct.r, !ct.expected, ct.expected)
   1542 		}
   1543 	}
   1544 }
   1545 
   1546 var makeFieldsInput = func() []byte {
   1547 	x := make([]byte, 1<<20)
   1548 	// Input is ~10% space, ~10% 2-byte UTF-8, rest ASCII non-space.
   1549 	for i := range x {
   1550 		switch rand.Intn(10) {
   1551 		case 0:
   1552 			x[i] = ' '
   1553 		case 1:
   1554 			if i > 0 && x[i-1] == 'x' {
   1555 				copy(x[i-1:], "")
   1556 				break
   1557 			}
   1558 			fallthrough
   1559 		default:
   1560 			x[i] = 'x'
   1561 		}
   1562 	}
   1563 	return x
   1564 }
   1565 
   1566 var makeFieldsInputASCII = func() []byte {
   1567 	x := make([]byte, 1<<20)
   1568 	// Input is ~10% space, rest ASCII non-space.
   1569 	for i := range x {
   1570 		if rand.Intn(10) == 0 {
   1571 			x[i] = ' '
   1572 		} else {
   1573 			x[i] = 'x'
   1574 		}
   1575 	}
   1576 	return x
   1577 }
   1578 
   1579 var bytesdata = []struct {
   1580 	name string
   1581 	data []byte
   1582 }{
   1583 	{"ASCII", makeFieldsInputASCII()},
   1584 	{"Mixed", makeFieldsInput()},
   1585 }
   1586 
   1587 func BenchmarkFields(b *testing.B) {
   1588 	for _, sd := range bytesdata {
   1589 		b.Run(sd.name, func(b *testing.B) {
   1590 			for j := 1 << 4; j <= 1<<20; j <<= 4 {
   1591 				b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d", j), func(b *testing.B) {
   1592 					b.ReportAllocs()
   1593 					b.SetBytes(int64(j))
   1594 					data := sd.data[:j]
   1595 					for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
   1596 						Fields(data)
   1597 					}
   1598 				})
   1599 			}
   1600 		})
   1601 	}
   1602 }
   1603 
   1604 func BenchmarkFieldsFunc(b *testing.B) {
   1605 	for _, sd := range bytesdata {
   1606 		b.Run(sd.name, func(b *testing.B) {
   1607 			for j := 1 << 4; j <= 1<<20; j <<= 4 {
   1608 				b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d", j), func(b *testing.B) {
   1609 					b.ReportAllocs()
   1610 					b.SetBytes(int64(j))
   1611 					data := sd.data[:j]
   1612 					for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
   1613 						FieldsFunc(data, unicode.IsSpace)
   1614 					}
   1615 				})
   1616 			}
   1617 		})
   1618 	}
   1619 }
   1620 
   1621 func BenchmarkTrimSpace(b *testing.B) {
   1622 	s := []byte("  Some text.  \n")
   1623 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
   1624 		TrimSpace(s)
   1625 	}
   1626 }
   1627 
   1628 func makeBenchInputHard() []byte {
   1629 	tokens := [...]string{
   1630 		"<a>", "<p>", "<b>", "<strong>",
   1631 		"</a>", "</p>", "</b>", "</strong>",
   1632 		"hello", "world",
   1633 	}
   1634 	x := make([]byte, 0, 1<<20)
   1635 	for {
   1636 		i := rand.Intn(len(tokens))
   1637 		if len(x)+len(tokens[i]) >= 1<<20 {
   1638 			break
   1639 		}
   1640 		x = append(x, tokens[i]...)
   1641 	}
   1642 	return x
   1643 }
   1644 
   1645 var benchInputHard = makeBenchInputHard()
   1646 
   1647 func BenchmarkSplitEmptySeparator(b *testing.B) {
   1648 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
   1649 		Split(benchInputHard, nil)
   1650 	}
   1651 }
   1652 
   1653 func BenchmarkSplitSingleByteSeparator(b *testing.B) {
   1654 	sep := []byte("/")
   1655 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
   1656 		Split(benchInputHard, sep)
   1657 	}
   1658 }
   1659 
   1660 func BenchmarkSplitMultiByteSeparator(b *testing.B) {
   1661 	sep := []byte("hello")
   1662 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
   1663 		Split(benchInputHard, sep)
   1664 	}
   1665 }
   1666 
   1667 func BenchmarkSplitNSingleByteSeparator(b *testing.B) {
   1668 	sep := []byte("/")
   1669 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
   1670 		SplitN(benchInputHard, sep, 10)
   1671 	}
   1672 }
   1673 
   1674 func BenchmarkSplitNMultiByteSeparator(b *testing.B) {
   1675 	sep := []byte("hello")
   1676 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
   1677 		SplitN(benchInputHard, sep, 10)
   1678 	}
   1679 }
   1680 
   1681 func BenchmarkRepeat(b *testing.B) {
   1682 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
   1683 		Repeat([]byte("-"), 80)
   1684 	}
   1685 }
   1686 
   1687 func BenchmarkBytesCompare(b *testing.B) {
   1688 	for n := 1; n <= 2048; n <<= 1 {
   1689 		b.Run(fmt.Sprint(n), func(b *testing.B) {
   1690 			var x = make([]byte, n)
   1691 			var y = make([]byte, n)
   1692 
   1693 			for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
   1694 				x[i] = 'a'
   1695 			}
   1696 
   1697 			for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
   1698 				y[i] = 'a'
   1699 			}
   1700 
   1701 			b.ResetTimer()
   1702 			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
   1703 				Compare(x, y)
   1704 			}
   1705 		})
   1706 	}
   1707 }
   1708 
   1709 func BenchmarkIndexAnyASCII(b *testing.B) {
   1710 	x := Repeat([]byte{'#'}, 4096) // Never matches set
   1711 	cs := "0123456789abcdef"
   1712 	for k := 1; k <= 4096; k <<= 4 {
   1713 		for j := 1; j <= 16; j <<= 1 {
   1714 			b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d:%d", k, j), func(b *testing.B) {
   1715 				for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
   1716 					IndexAny(x[:k], cs[:j])
   1717 				}
   1718 			})
   1719 		}
   1720 	}
   1721 }
   1722 
   1723 func BenchmarkTrimASCII(b *testing.B) {
   1724 	cs := "0123456789abcdef"
   1725 	for k := 1; k <= 4096; k <<= 4 {
   1726 		for j := 1; j <= 16; j <<= 1 {
   1727 			b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%d:%d", k, j), func(b *testing.B) {
   1728 				x := Repeat([]byte(cs[:j]), k) // Always matches set
   1729 				for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
   1730 					Trim(x[:k], cs[:j])
   1731 				}
   1732 			})
   1733 		}
   1734 	}
   1735 }
   1736 
   1737 func BenchmarkIndexPeriodic(b *testing.B) {
   1738 	key := []byte{1, 1}
   1739 	for _, skip := range [...]int{2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64} {
   1740 		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("IndexPeriodic%d", skip), func(b *testing.B) {
   1741 			buf := make([]byte, 1<<16)
   1742 			for i := 0; i < len(buf); i += skip {
   1743 				buf[i] = 1
   1744 			}
   1745 			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
   1746 				Index(buf, key)
   1747 			}
   1748 		})
   1749 	}
   1750 }
   1751