1 // Copyright 2007, Google Inc. 2 // All rights reserved. 3 // 4 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are 6 // met: 7 // 8 // * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 // * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above 11 // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer 12 // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 // distribution. 14 // * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its 15 // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from 16 // this software without specific prior written permission. 17 // 18 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS 19 // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT 20 // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR 21 // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT 22 // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, 23 // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT 24 // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 25 // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 26 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 27 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE 28 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 29 // 30 // Author: wan (at) google.com (Zhanyong Wan) 31 32 // Google Test - The Google C++ Testing Framework 33 // 34 // This file implements a universal value printer that can print a 35 // value of any type T: 36 // 37 // void ::testing::internal::UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, ostream_ptr); 38 // 39 // It uses the << operator when possible, and prints the bytes in the 40 // object otherwise. A user can override its behavior for a class 41 // type Foo by defining either operator<<(::std::ostream&, const Foo&) 42 // or void PrintTo(const Foo&, ::std::ostream*) in the namespace that 43 // defines Foo. 44 45 #include "gtest/gtest-printers.h" 46 #include <ctype.h> 47 #include <stdio.h> 48 #include <ostream> // NOLINT 49 #include <string> 50 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h" 51 52 namespace testing { 53 54 namespace { 55 56 using ::std::ostream; 57 58 // Prints a segment of bytes in the given object. 59 void PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t start, 60 size_t count, ostream* os) { 61 char text[5] = ""; 62 for (size_t i = 0; i != count; i++) { 63 const size_t j = start + i; 64 if (i != 0) { 65 // Organizes the bytes into groups of 2 for easy parsing by 66 // human. 67 if ((j % 2) == 0) 68 *os << ' '; 69 else 70 *os << '-'; 71 } 72 GTEST_SNPRINTF_(text, sizeof(text), "%02X", obj_bytes[j]); 73 *os << text; 74 } 75 } 76 77 // Prints the bytes in the given value to the given ostream. 78 void PrintBytesInObjectToImpl(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t count, 79 ostream* os) { 80 // Tells the user how big the object is. 81 *os << count << "-byte object <"; 82 83 const size_t kThreshold = 132; 84 const size_t kChunkSize = 64; 85 // If the object size is bigger than kThreshold, we'll have to omit 86 // some details by printing only the first and the last kChunkSize 87 // bytes. 88 // TODO(wan): let the user control the threshold using a flag. 89 if (count < kThreshold) { 90 PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes, 0, count, os); 91 } else { 92 PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes, 0, kChunkSize, os); 93 *os << " ... "; 94 // Rounds up to 2-byte boundary. 95 const size_t resume_pos = (count - kChunkSize + 1)/2*2; 96 PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes, resume_pos, count - resume_pos, os); 97 } 98 *os << ">"; 99 } 100 101 } // namespace 102 103 namespace internal2 { 104 105 // Delegates to PrintBytesInObjectToImpl() to print the bytes in the 106 // given object. The delegation simplifies the implementation, which 107 // uses the << operator and thus is easier done outside of the 108 // ::testing::internal namespace, which contains a << operator that 109 // sometimes conflicts with the one in STL. 110 void PrintBytesInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes, size_t count, 111 ostream* os) { 112 PrintBytesInObjectToImpl(obj_bytes, count, os); 113 } 114 115 } // namespace internal2 116 117 namespace internal { 118 119 // Depending on the value of a char (or wchar_t), we print it in one 120 // of three formats: 121 // - as is if it's a printable ASCII (e.g. 'a', '2', ' '), 122 // - as a hexidecimal escape sequence (e.g. '\x7F'), or 123 // - as a special escape sequence (e.g. '\r', '\n'). 124 enum CharFormat { 125 kAsIs, 126 kHexEscape, 127 kSpecialEscape 128 }; 129 130 // Returns true if c is a printable ASCII character. We test the 131 // value of c directly instead of calling isprint(), which is buggy on 132 // Windows Mobile. 133 inline bool IsPrintableAscii(wchar_t c) { 134 return 0x20 <= c && c <= 0x7E; 135 } 136 137 // Prints a wide or narrow char c as a character literal without the 138 // quotes, escaping it when necessary; returns how c was formatted. 139 // The template argument UnsignedChar is the unsigned version of Char, 140 // which is the type of c. 141 template <typename UnsignedChar, typename Char> 142 static CharFormat PrintAsCharLiteralTo(Char c, ostream* os) { 143 switch (static_cast<wchar_t>(c)) { 144 case L'\0': 145 *os << "\\0"; 146 break; 147 case L'\'': 148 *os << "\\'"; 149 break; 150 case L'\\': 151 *os << "\\\\"; 152 break; 153 case L'\a': 154 *os << "\\a"; 155 break; 156 case L'\b': 157 *os << "\\b"; 158 break; 159 case L'\f': 160 *os << "\\f"; 161 break; 162 case L'\n': 163 *os << "\\n"; 164 break; 165 case L'\r': 166 *os << "\\r"; 167 break; 168 case L'\t': 169 *os << "\\t"; 170 break; 171 case L'\v': 172 *os << "\\v"; 173 break; 174 default: 175 if (IsPrintableAscii(c)) { 176 *os << static_cast<char>(c); 177 return kAsIs; 178 } else { 179 *os << "\\x" + String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c)); 180 return kHexEscape; 181 } 182 } 183 return kSpecialEscape; 184 } 185 186 // Prints a wchar_t c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when 187 // necessary; returns how c was formatted. 188 static CharFormat PrintAsStringLiteralTo(wchar_t c, ostream* os) { 189 switch (c) { 190 case L'\'': 191 *os << "'"; 192 return kAsIs; 193 case L'"': 194 *os << "\\\""; 195 return kSpecialEscape; 196 default: 197 return PrintAsCharLiteralTo<wchar_t>(c, os); 198 } 199 } 200 201 // Prints a char c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when 202 // necessary; returns how c was formatted. 203 static CharFormat PrintAsStringLiteralTo(char c, ostream* os) { 204 return PrintAsStringLiteralTo( 205 static_cast<wchar_t>(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)), os); 206 } 207 208 // Prints a wide or narrow character c and its code. '\0' is printed 209 // as "'\\0'", other unprintable characters are also properly escaped 210 // using the standard C++ escape sequence. The template argument 211 // UnsignedChar is the unsigned version of Char, which is the type of c. 212 template <typename UnsignedChar, typename Char> 213 void PrintCharAndCodeTo(Char c, ostream* os) { 214 // First, print c as a literal in the most readable form we can find. 215 *os << ((sizeof(c) > 1) ? "L'" : "'"); 216 const CharFormat format = PrintAsCharLiteralTo<UnsignedChar>(c, os); 217 *os << "'"; 218 219 // To aid user debugging, we also print c's code in decimal, unless 220 // it's 0 (in which case c was printed as '\\0', making the code 221 // obvious). 222 if (c == 0) 223 return; 224 *os << " (" << static_cast<int>(c); 225 226 // For more convenience, we print c's code again in hexidecimal, 227 // unless c was already printed in the form '\x##' or the code is in 228 // [1, 9]. 229 if (format == kHexEscape || (1 <= c && c <= 9)) { 230 // Do nothing. 231 } else { 232 *os << ", 0x" << String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar>(c)); 233 } 234 *os << ")"; 235 } 236 237 void PrintTo(unsigned char c, ::std::ostream* os) { 238 PrintCharAndCodeTo<unsigned char>(c, os); 239 } 240 void PrintTo(signed char c, ::std::ostream* os) { 241 PrintCharAndCodeTo<unsigned char>(c, os); 242 } 243 244 // Prints a wchar_t as a symbol if it is printable or as its internal 245 // code otherwise and also as its code. L'\0' is printed as "L'\\0'". 246 void PrintTo(wchar_t wc, ostream* os) { 247 PrintCharAndCodeTo<wchar_t>(wc, os); 248 } 249 250 // Prints the given array of characters to the ostream. CharType must be either 251 // char or wchar_t. 252 // The array starts at begin, the length is len, it may include '\0' characters 253 // and may not be NUL-terminated. 254 template <typename CharType> 255 static void PrintCharsAsStringTo( 256 const CharType* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) { 257 const char* const kQuoteBegin = sizeof(CharType) == 1 ? "\"" : "L\""; 258 *os << kQuoteBegin; 259 bool is_previous_hex = false; 260 for (size_t index = 0; index < len; ++index) { 261 const CharType cur = begin[index]; 262 if (is_previous_hex && IsXDigit(cur)) { 263 // Previous character is of '\x..' form and this character can be 264 // interpreted as another hexadecimal digit in its number. Break string to 265 // disambiguate. 266 *os << "\" " << kQuoteBegin; 267 } 268 is_previous_hex = PrintAsStringLiteralTo(cur, os) == kHexEscape; 269 } 270 *os << "\""; 271 } 272 273 // Prints a (const) char/wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address 274 // 'begin'. CharType must be either char or wchar_t. 275 template <typename CharType> 276 static void UniversalPrintCharArray( 277 const CharType* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) { 278 // The code 279 // const char kFoo[] = "foo"; 280 // generates an array of 4, not 3, elements, with the last one being '\0'. 281 // 282 // Therefore when printing a char array, we don't print the last element if 283 // it's '\0', such that the output matches the string literal as it's 284 // written in the source code. 285 if (len > 0 && begin[len - 1] == '\0') { 286 PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len - 1, os); 287 return; 288 } 289 290 // If, however, the last element in the array is not '\0', e.g. 291 // const char kFoo[] = { 'f', 'o', 'o' }; 292 // we must print the entire array. We also print a message to indicate 293 // that the array is not NUL-terminated. 294 PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin, len, os); 295 *os << " (no terminating NUL)"; 296 } 297 298 // Prints a (const) char array of 'len' elements, starting at address 'begin'. 299 void UniversalPrintArray(const char* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) { 300 UniversalPrintCharArray(begin, len, os); 301 } 302 303 // Prints a (const) wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address 304 // 'begin'. 305 void UniversalPrintArray(const wchar_t* begin, size_t len, ostream* os) { 306 UniversalPrintCharArray(begin, len, os); 307 } 308 309 // Prints the given C string to the ostream. 310 void PrintTo(const char* s, ostream* os) { 311 if (s == NULL) { 312 *os << "NULL"; 313 } else { 314 *os << ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s) << " pointing to "; 315 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s, strlen(s), os); 316 } 317 } 318 319 // MSVC compiler can be configured to define whar_t as a typedef 320 // of unsigned short. Defining an overload for const wchar_t* in that case 321 // would cause pointers to unsigned shorts be printed as wide strings, 322 // possibly accessing more memory than intended and causing invalid 323 // memory accesses. MSVC defines _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED symbol when 324 // wchar_t is implemented as a native type. 325 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED) 326 // Prints the given wide C string to the ostream. 327 void PrintTo(const wchar_t* s, ostream* os) { 328 if (s == NULL) { 329 *os << "NULL"; 330 } else { 331 *os << ImplicitCast_<const void*>(s) << " pointing to "; 332 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s, wcslen(s), os); 333 } 334 } 335 #endif // wchar_t is native 336 337 // Prints a ::string object. 338 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING 339 void PrintStringTo(const ::string& s, ostream* os) { 340 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os); 341 } 342 #endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING 343 344 void PrintStringTo(const ::std::string& s, ostream* os) { 345 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os); 346 } 347 348 // Prints a ::wstring object. 349 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING 350 void PrintWideStringTo(const ::wstring& s, ostream* os) { 351 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os); 352 } 353 #endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING 354 355 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING 356 void PrintWideStringTo(const ::std::wstring& s, ostream* os) { 357 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s.data(), s.size(), os); 358 } 359 #endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING 360 361 } // namespace internal 362 363 } // namespace testing 364