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| Name | Date | Size | |
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| README.md | 21-Aug-2018 | 8.1K | |
README.md
1 Android's shell and utilities 2 ============================= 3 4 Since IceCreamSandwich Android has used 5 [mksh](https://www.mirbsd.org/mksh.htm) as its shell. Before then it used 6 [ash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almquist_shell) (which actually 7 remained unused in the tree up to and including KitKat). 8 9 Initially Android had a very limited command-line provided by its own 10 "toolbox" binary. Since Marshmallow almost everything is supplied by 11 [toybox](http://landley.net/toybox/) instead. 12 13 We started moving a few of the more important tools to full 14 BSD implementations in JellyBean, and continued this work in 15 Lollipop. Lollipop was a major break with the past in many ways (LP64 16 support and the switch to ART both having lots of knock-on effects around 17 the system), so although this was the beginning of the end of toolbox it 18 (a) didn't stand out given all the other systems-level changes and (b) 19 in Marshmallow we changed direction and started the move to toybox. 20 21 Not everything is provided by toybox, though. We currently still use 22 the BSD dd and grep (because the toybox versions are still unfinished), 23 and for the bzip2 command-line tools we use the ones that are part of 24 the bzip2 distribution. The awk added in Android P is Brian Kernighan's 25 "one true" awk. 26 27 The lists below show what tools were provided and where they came from in 28 each release starting with Gingerbread. This doesn't tell the full story, 29 because the toolbox implementations did have bugs fixed and options added 30 over the years. Gingerbread's rm, for example, supported `-r`/`-R` but not 31 `-f`. But this gives you an idea of what was available in any given release, 32 and how usable it was likely to be. 33 34 Also note that in any given release `toybox` probably contains more 35 commands than there are symlinks for in `/system/bin`. You can get the 36 full list for a release by running `toybox` directly. 37 38 39 Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) 40 ------------------------- 41 42 BSD: cat dd newfs\_msdos 43 44 toolbox: chmod chown cmp date df dmesg getevent getprop hd id ifconfig 45 iftop insmod ioctl ionice kill ln log ls lsmod lsof mkdir mount mv 46 nandread netstat notify printenv ps reboot renice rm rmdir rmmod route 47 schedtop sendevent setconsole setprop sleep smd start stop sync top 48 umount uptime vmstat watchprops wipe 49 50 51 Android 4.0 (IceCreamSandwich) 52 ------------------------------ 53 54 BSD: cat dd newfs\_msdos 55 56 toolbox: chmod chown cmp date df dmesg getevent getprop hd id ifconfig 57 iftop insmod ioctl ionice kill ln log ls lsmod lsof mkdir mount mv 58 nandread netstat notify printenv ps reboot renice rm rmdir rmmod route 59 schedtop sendevent setconsole setprop sleep smd start stop sync top 60 touch umount uptime vmstat watchprops wipe 61 62 63 Android 4.1-4.3 (JellyBean) 64 --------------------------- 65 66 BSD: cat cp dd du grep newfs\_msdos 67 68 toolbox: chcon chmod chown clear cmp date df dmesg getenforce getevent 69 getprop getsebool hd id ifconfig iftop insmod ioctl ionice kill ln 70 load\_policy log ls lsmod lsof md5 mkdir mount mv nandread netstat notify 71 printenv ps reboot renice restorecon rm rmdir rmmod route runcon schedtop 72 sendevent setconsole setenforce setprop setsebool sleep smd start stop 73 sync top touch umount uptime vmstat watchprops wipe 74 75 76 Android 4.4 (KitKat) 77 -------------------- 78 79 BSD: cat cp dd du grep newfs\_msdos 80 81 toolbox: chcon chmod chown clear cmp date df dmesg getenforce getevent 82 getprop getsebool hd id ifconfig iftop insmod ioctl ionice kill ln 83 load\_policy log ls lsmod lsof md5 mkdir mkswap mount mv nandread netstat 84 notify printenv ps readlink renice restorecon rm rmdir rmmod route runcon 85 schedtop sendevent setconsole setenforce setprop setsebool sleep smd start 86 stop swapoff swapon sync top touch umount uptime vmstat watchprops wipe 87 88 89 Android 5.0 (Lollipop) 90 ---------------------- 91 92 BSD: cat chown cp dd du grep kill ln mv printenv rm rmdir sleep sync 93 94 toolbox: chcon chmod clear cmp date df dmesg getenforce getevent getprop 95 getsebool hd id ifconfig iftop insmod ioctl ionice load\_policy log ls 96 lsmod lsof md5 mkdir mknod mkswap mount nandread netstat newfs\_msdos 97 nohup notify ps readlink renice restorecon rmmod route runcon schedtop 98 sendevent setenforce setprop setsebool smd start stop swapoff swapon 99 top touch umount uptime vmstat watchprops wipe 100 101 102 Android 6.0 (Marshmallow) 103 ------------------------- 104 105 BSD: dd du grep 106 107 toolbox: df getevent iftop ioctl ionice log ls lsof mount nandread 108 newfs\_msdos ps prlimit renice sendevent start stop top uptime watchprops 109 110 toybox: acpi basename blockdev bzcat cal cat chcon chgrp chmod chown 111 chroot cksum clear comm cmp cp cpio cut date dirname dmesg dos2unix echo 112 env expand expr fallocate false find free getenforce getprop groups 113 head hostname hwclock id ifconfig inotifyd insmod kill load\_policy ln 114 logname losetup lsmod lsusb md5sum mkdir mknod mkswap mktemp modinfo 115 more mountpoint mv netstat nice nl nohup od paste patch pgrep pidof 116 pkill pmap printenv printf pwd readlink realpath restorecon rm rmdir 117 rmmod route runcon sed seq setenforce setprop setsid sha1sum sleep sort 118 split stat strings swapoff swapon sync sysctl tac tail tar taskset tee 119 time timeout touch tr true truncate umount uname uniq unix2dos usleep 120 vmstat wc which whoami xargs yes 121 122 123 Android 7.0 (Nougat) 124 -------------------- 125 126 BSD: dd grep 127 128 toolbox: getevent iftop ioctl log nandread newfs\_msdos ps prlimit 129 sendevent start stop top 130 131 toybox: acpi base64 basename blockdev bzcat cal cat chcon chgrp chmod 132 chown chroot cksum clear comm cmp cp cpio cut date df dirname dmesg 133 dos2unix du echo env expand expr fallocate false find flock free 134 getenforce getprop groups head hostname hwclock id ifconfig inotifyd 135 insmod ionice iorenice kill killall load\_policy ln logname losetup ls 136 lsmod lsof lsusb md5sum mkdir mknod mkswap mktemp modinfo more mount 137 mountpoint mv netstat nice nl nohup od paste patch pgrep pidof pkill 138 pmap printenv printf pwd readlink realpath renice restorecon rm rmdir 139 rmmod route runcon sed seq setenforce setprop setsid sha1sum sleep sort 140 split stat strings swapoff swapon sync sysctl tac tail tar taskset tee 141 time timeout touch tr true truncate tty ulimit umount uname uniq unix2dos 142 uptime usleep vmstat wc which whoami xargs xxd yes 143 144 145 Android 8.0 (Oreo) 146 ------------------ 147 148 BSD: dd grep 149 150 bzip2: bzcat bzip2 bunzip2 151 152 toolbox: getevent newfs\_msdos 153 154 toybox: acpi base64 basename blockdev cal cat chcon chgrp chmod chown 155 chroot chrt cksum clear cmp comm cp cpio cut date df diff dirname dmesg 156 dos2unix du echo env expand expr fallocate false file find flock free 157 getenforce getprop groups gunzip gzip head hostname hwclock id ifconfig 158 inotifyd insmod ionice iorenice kill killall ln load\_policy log logname 159 losetup ls lsmod lsof lspci lsusb md5sum microcom mkdir mkfifo mknod 160 mkswap mktemp modinfo modprobe more mount mountpoint mv netstat nice 161 nl nohup od paste patch pgrep pidof pkill pmap printenv printf ps pwd 162 readlink realpath renice restorecon rm rmdir rmmod runcon sed sendevent 163 seq setenforce setprop setsid sha1sum sha224sum sha256sum sha384sum 164 sha512sum sleep sort split start stat stop strings swapoff swapon sync 165 sysctl tac tail tar taskset tee time timeout top touch tr true truncate 166 tty ulimit umount uname uniq unix2dos uptime usleep uudecode uuencode 167 vmstat wc which whoami xargs xxd yes zcat 168 169 Android P 170 --------- 171 172 BSD: dd grep 173 174 bzip2: bzcat bzip2 bunzip2 175 176 one-true-awk: awk 177 178 toolbox: getevent getprop newfs\_msdos 179 180 toybox: acpi base64 basename blockdev cal cat chcon chgrp chmod chown 181 chroot chrt cksum clear cmp comm cp cpio cut date df diff dirname dmesg 182 dos2unix du echo env expand expr fallocate false file find flock free 183 getenforce groups gunzip gzip head hostname hwclock id ifconfig inotifyd 184 insmod ionice iorenice kill killall ln load\_policy log logname losetup 185 ls lsmod lsof lspci lsusb md5sum microcom mkdir mkfifo mknod mkswap 186 mktemp modinfo modprobe more mount mountpoint mv netstat nice nl nohup 187 od paste patch pgrep pidof pkill pmap printenv printf ps pwd readlink 188 realpath renice restorecon rm rmdir rmmod runcon sed sendevent seq 189 setenforce setprop setsid sha1sum sha224sum sha256sum sha384sum 190 sha512sum sleep sort split start stat stop strings swapoff swapon sync 191 sysctl tac tail tar taskset tee time timeout top touch tr true truncate 192 tty ulimit umount uname uniq unix2dos uptime usleep uudecode uuencode 193 vmstat wc which whoami xargs xxd yes zcat 194
