1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28 #ifndef lint 29 static const char rcsid[] = 30 "$FreeBSD: head/sbin/newfs_msdos/mkfs_msdos.c 335189 2018-06-15 06:03:40Z delphij $"; 31 #endif /* not lint */ 32 33 #include <sys/param.h> 34 #if defined(__linux__) 35 #include <linux/fs.h> 36 #include <linux/hdreg.h> 37 #include <sys/ioctl.h> 38 #elif defined(__APPLE__) 39 /* Nothing. */ 40 #else 41 #include <sys/fdcio.h> 42 #include <sys/disk.h> 43 #include <sys/disklabel.h> 44 #include <sys/mount.h> 45 #endif 46 #include <sys/stat.h> 47 #include <sys/time.h> 48 49 #include <ctype.h> 50 #include <err.h> 51 #include <errno.h> 52 #include <fcntl.h> 53 #include <inttypes.h> 54 #include <paths.h> 55 #include <signal.h> 56 #include <stdio.h> 57 #include <stdlib.h> 58 #include <string.h> 59 #include <time.h> 60 #include <unistd.h> 61 62 #include "mkfs_msdos.h" 63 64 #if !defined(__packed) 65 #define __packed __attribute__((__packed__)) 66 #endif 67 #if !defined(__unused) 68 #define __unused __attribute__((__unused__)) 69 #endif 70 71 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 72 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 73 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 74 75 #define DOSMAGIC 0xaa55 /* DOS magic number */ 76 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 77 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 78 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 79 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 80 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 81 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 82 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 83 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 84 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 85 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 86 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 87 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 88 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 89 90 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 91 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 92 MINCLS32) 93 94 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 95 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 96 MAXCLS32) 97 98 #define mk1(p, x) \ 99 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 100 101 #define mk2(p, x) \ 102 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 103 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 104 105 #define mk4(p, x) \ 106 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 107 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 108 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 109 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 110 111 struct bs { 112 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 113 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 114 } __packed; 115 116 struct bsbpb { 117 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 118 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 119 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 120 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 121 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */ 122 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */ 123 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 124 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 125 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */ 126 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */ 127 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 128 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */ 129 } __packed; 130 131 struct bsxbpb { 132 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 133 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 134 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */ 135 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 136 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */ 137 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 138 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */ 139 } __packed; 140 141 struct bsx { 142 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */ 143 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */ 144 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */ 145 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */ 146 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */ 147 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */ 148 } __packed; 149 150 struct de { 151 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */ 152 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */ 153 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 154 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */ 155 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */ 156 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */ 157 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */ 158 } __packed; 159 160 struct bpb { 161 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */ 162 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 163 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */ 164 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 165 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */ 166 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */ 167 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 168 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */ 169 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */ 170 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */ 171 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */ 172 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */ 173 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */ 174 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */ 175 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */ 176 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */ 177 }; 178 179 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 180 181 static struct { 182 const char *name; 183 struct bpb bpb; 184 } const stdfmt[] = { 185 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}}, 186 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}}, 187 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 188 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 189 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 190 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 191 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}}, 192 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 193 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}}, 194 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}} 195 }; 196 197 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 198 0xfa, /* cli */ 199 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 200 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 201 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 202 0xfb, /* sti */ 203 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 204 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 205 0x5e, /* pop si */ 206 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 207 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 208 0xfc, /* cld */ 209 0xac, /* lodsb */ 210 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 211 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 212 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 213 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 214 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 215 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 216 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 217 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 218 0x0d, 0x0a, 219 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 220 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 221 0x0d, 0x0a, 222 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 223 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 224 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 225 0x0d, 0x0a, 226 0 227 }; 228 229 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo; 230 static void infohandler(int); 231 232 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 233 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 234 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *); 235 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 236 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 237 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 238 static int oklabel(const char *); 239 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 240 241 int 242 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op) 243 { 244 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 245 struct sigaction si_sa; 246 struct stat sb; 247 struct timeval tv; 248 struct bpb bpb; 249 struct tm *tm; 250 struct bs *bs; 251 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 252 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 253 struct bsx *bsx; 254 struct de *de; 255 u_int8_t *img; 256 const char *bname; 257 ssize_t n; 258 time_t now; 259 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 260 u_int extra_res, alignment, saved_x, attempts=0; 261 bool set_res, set_spf, set_spc; 262 int fd, fd1, rv; 263 struct msdos_options o = *op; 264 265 img = NULL; 266 rv = -1; 267 fd = fd1 = -1; 268 269 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) { 270 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster"); 271 goto done; 272 } 273 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) { 274 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string); 275 goto done; 276 } 277 if (o.create_size) { 278 if (o.no_create) { 279 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 280 goto done; 281 } 282 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 283 if (fd == -1) { 284 warnx("failed to create %s", fname); 285 goto done; 286 } 287 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) { 288 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size); 289 goto done; 290 } 291 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) { 292 warn("%s", fname); 293 goto done; 294 } 295 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) { 296 warn("%s", fname); 297 goto done; 298 } 299 if (o.create_size) { 300 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 301 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname); 302 } else { 303 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 304 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 305 } 306 if (!o.no_create) 307 if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1) 308 goto done; 309 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 310 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset); 311 goto done; 312 } 313 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 314 if (o.floppy) { 315 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1) 316 goto done; 317 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors; 318 bpb.bpbSectors = 0; 319 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs; 320 bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0; 321 } 322 if (o.drive_heads) 323 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads; 324 if (o.sectors_per_track) 325 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track; 326 if (o.bytes_per_sector) 327 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector; 328 if (o.size) 329 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size; 330 if (o.hidden_sectors_set) 331 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors; 332 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track && 333 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) { 334 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb); 335 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 336 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */ 337 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 338 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1; 339 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 340 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8; 341 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 342 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16; 343 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */ 344 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32; 345 else 346 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 347 } 348 } 349 if (!powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) { 350 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 351 goto done; 352 } 353 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS) { 354 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 355 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, MINBPS); 356 goto done; 357 } 358 359 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) { 360 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label); 361 goto done; 362 } 363 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) { 364 if (o.floppy) 365 fat = 12; 366 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector)) 367 fat = 32; 368 } 369 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) { 370 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 371 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k', 372 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 373 goto done; 374 } 375 if (o.floppy && fat == 32) 376 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0; 377 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) { 378 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat); 379 goto done; 380 } 381 382 if (o.block_size) { 383 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) { 384 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size); 385 goto done; 386 } 387 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 388 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 389 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 390 goto done; 391 } 392 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) { 393 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 394 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC); 395 goto done; 396 } 397 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 398 } 399 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) { 400 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) { 401 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", 402 o.sectors_per_cluster); 403 goto done; 404 } 405 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster; 406 } 407 if (o.reserved_sectors) 408 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors; 409 if (o.num_FAT) { 410 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) { 411 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 412 o.num_FAT, MAXNFT); 413 goto done; 414 } 415 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT; 416 } 417 if (o.directory_entries) 418 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries; 419 if (o.media_descriptor_set) { 420 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) { 421 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor); 422 goto done; 423 } 424 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor; 425 } 426 if (o.sectors_per_fat) 427 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat; 428 if (o.info_sector) 429 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector; 430 if (o.backup_sector) 431 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector; 432 bss = 1; 433 bname = NULL; 434 fd1 = -1; 435 if (o.bootstrap) { 436 bname = o.bootstrap; 437 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 438 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 439 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) { 440 warn(NULL); 441 goto done; 442 } 443 } 444 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) { 445 warn("%s", bname); 446 goto done; 447 } 448 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 449 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 450 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) { 451 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 452 goto done; 453 } 454 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 455 } 456 if (!bpb.bpbFATs) 457 bpb.bpbFATs = 2; 458 if (!fat) { 459 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 460 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 461 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN, 462 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * 463 bpb.bpbFATs + 464 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE, 465 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 466 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 467 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 468 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 469 fat = 12; 470 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors < 471 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 472 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) * 473 bpb.bpbFATs + 474 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 475 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 476 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 477 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 478 fat = 16; 479 else 480 fat = 32; 481 } 482 x = bss; 483 if (fat == 32) { 484 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 485 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) { 486 warnx("no room for info sector"); 487 goto done; 488 } 489 bpb.bpbFSInfo = x; 490 } 491 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo) 492 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1; 493 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) { 494 if (x == MAXU16) { 495 warnx("no room for backup sector"); 496 goto done; 497 } 498 bpb.bpbBackup = x; 499 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 500 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 501 goto done; 502 } 503 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup) 504 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1; 505 } 506 507 extra_res = 0; 508 alignment = 0; 509 set_res = (bpb.bpbResSectors == 0); 510 set_spf = (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0); 511 set_spc = (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0); 512 saved_x = x; 513 514 /* 515 * Attempt to align the root directory to cluster if o.align is set. 516 * This is done by padding with reserved blocks. Note that this can 517 * cause other factors to change, which can in turn change the alignment. 518 * This should take at most 2 iterations, as increasing the reserved 519 * amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1, requiring another 520 * bpbFATs reserved blocks. If bpbSecPerClust changes, it will 521 * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment. 522 */ 523 do { 524 x = saved_x; 525 if (set_res) 526 bpb.bpbResSectors = ((fat == 32) ? 527 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x) + extra_res; 528 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) { 529 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x, 530 bpb.bpbResSectors); 531 goto done; 532 } 533 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts) 534 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE; 535 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts, 536 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)); 537 if (set_spc) { 538 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : 539 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 540 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && (bpb.bpbResSectors + 541 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 542 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs + 543 rds + 544 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust) <= 545 bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 546 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1) 547 continue; 548 549 } 550 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) { 551 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 552 goto done; 553 } 554 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds; 555 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1; 556 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) { 557 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size"); 558 goto done; 559 } 560 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs; 561 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / 562 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB + 563 fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs); 564 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 565 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB); 566 if (set_spf) { 567 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0) 568 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2; 569 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs; 570 } 571 if (set_res) { 572 /* attempt to align root directory */ 573 alignment = (bpb.bpbResSectors + bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbFATs) % 574 bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 575 if (o.align) 576 extra_res += bpb.bpbSecPerClust - alignment; 577 } 578 attempts++; 579 } while (o.align && alignment != 0 && attempts < 2); 580 if (o.align && alignment != 0) 581 warnx("warning: Alignment failed."); 582 583 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 584 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) - 585 RESFTE; 586 if (cls > x) 587 cls = x; 588 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2) 589 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 590 cls); 591 if (cls < mincls(fat)) { 592 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 593 mincls(fat)); 594 goto done; 595 } 596 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 597 cls = maxcls(fat); 598 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1; 599 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 600 bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 601 } 602 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 603 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust, 604 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 605 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 606 if (!bpb.bpbMedia) 607 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 608 if (fat == 32) 609 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE; 610 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) { 611 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 612 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0; 613 } 614 if (fat != 32) { 615 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs; 616 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0; 617 } 618 print_bpb(&bpb); 619 if (!o.no_create) { 620 if (o.timestamp_set) { 621 tv.tv_sec = now = o.timestamp; 622 tv.tv_usec = 0; 623 tm = gmtime(&now); 624 } else { 625 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 626 now = tv.tv_sec; 627 tm = localtime(&now); 628 } 629 630 631 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) { 632 warn(NULL); 633 goto done; 634 } 635 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 636 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs; 637 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa)); 638 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler; 639 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) { 640 warn("sigaction SIGINFO"); 641 goto done; 642 } 643 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) { 644 if (got_siginfo) { 645 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n", 646 fname, lsn, 647 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)), 648 (lsn * 100) / (dir + 649 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds))); 650 got_siginfo = 0; 651 } 652 x = lsn; 653 if (o.bootstrap && 654 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 655 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) { 656 x -= bpb.bpbBackup; 657 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 658 warn("%s", bname); 659 goto done; 660 } 661 } 662 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) { 663 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) { 664 warn("%s", bname); 665 goto done; 666 } 667 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 668 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 669 goto done; 670 } 671 } else 672 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 673 if (!lsn || 674 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 675 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) { 676 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 677 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 678 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 679 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 680 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors); 681 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs); 682 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts); 683 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors); 684 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia); 685 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs); 686 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack); 687 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads); 688 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs); 689 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 690 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 691 if (fat == 32) { 692 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 693 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs); 694 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0); 695 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0); 696 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust); 697 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo); 698 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup); 699 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 700 } 701 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 702 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29); 703 if (o.volume_id_set) 704 x = o.volume_id; 705 else 706 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 707 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 708 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 709 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 710 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 711 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 712 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 713 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x); 714 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME"); 715 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat); 716 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType)); 717 if (!o.bootstrap) { 718 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 719 bs = (struct bs *)img; 720 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb); 721 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2); 722 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90); 723 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ", 724 sizeof(bs->bsOemName)); 725 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 726 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 727 } 728 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && 729 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo || 730 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 731 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) { 732 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 733 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 734 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 735 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.bpbRootClust); 736 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 737 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir && 738 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) % 739 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 740 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) { 741 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia); 742 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 743 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 744 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) { 745 de = (struct de *)img; 746 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label); 747 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050); 748 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 749 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 750 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 751 mk2(de->deMTime, x); 752 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 753 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 754 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 755 mk2(de->deMDate, x); 756 } 757 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) { 758 warn("%s", fname); 759 goto done; 760 } 761 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 762 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 763 goto done; 764 } 765 } 766 } 767 rv = 0; 768 done: 769 free(img); 770 if (fd != -1) 771 close(fd); 772 if (fd1 != -1) 773 close(fd1); 774 775 return rv; 776 } 777 778 /* 779 * return -1 with error if file system is mounted. 780 */ 781 static int 782 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 783 { 784 #if 0 785 struct statfs *mp; 786 const char *s1, *s2; 787 size_t len; 788 int n, r; 789 790 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) { 791 warn("getmntinfo"); 792 return -1; 793 } 794 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 795 s1 = fname; 796 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 797 s1 += len; 798 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 799 for (; n--; mp++) { 800 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 801 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 802 s2 += len; 803 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 804 !strcmp(s1, s2)) { 805 warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 806 return -1; 807 } 808 } 809 #endif 810 return 0; 811 } 812 813 /* 814 * Get a standard format. 815 */ 816 static int 817 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 818 { 819 u_int x, i; 820 821 x = nitems(stdfmt); 822 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 823 if (i == x) { 824 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 825 return -1; 826 } 827 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 828 return 0; 829 } 830 831 /* 832 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 833 */ 834 #if defined(__linux__) 835 static int getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, 836 __unused int oflag, struct bpb *bpb) 837 { 838 if (ioctl(fd, BLKSSZGET, &bpb->bpbBytesPerSec)) { 839 err(1, "ioctl(BLKSSZGET) for bytes/sector failed"); 840 } 841 842 if (ckgeom(fname, bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, "bytes/sector") == -1) return -1; 843 844 u_long block_size; 845 if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &block_size)) { 846 err(1, "ioctl(BLKGETSIZE) failed"); 847 } 848 849 if (block_size > UINT32_MAX) { 850 errx(1, "block size too large: %lu", block_size); 851 } 852 853 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = (u_int)block_size; 854 855 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = 63; 856 if (ckgeom(fname, bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, "sectors/track") == -1) return -1; 857 858 bpb->bpbHeads = 64; 859 if (ckgeom(fname, bpb->bpbHeads, "drive heads") == -1) return -1; 860 861 return 0; 862 } 863 #elif defined(__APPLE__) 864 static int 865 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 866 struct bpb *bpb) { 867 return 0; 868 } 869 #else 870 static int 871 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 872 struct bpb *bpb) 873 { 874 struct disklabel *lp, dlp; 875 struct fd_type type; 876 off_t ms, hs = 0; 877 878 lp = NULL; 879 880 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 881 if (dtype != NULL) { 882 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 883 } 884 885 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 886 if (lp == NULL) { 887 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) { 888 struct stat st; 889 890 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 891 err(1, "cannot get disk size"); 892 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 893 ms = st.st_size; 894 dlp.d_secsize = 512; 895 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 896 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 897 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 898 lp = &dlp; 899 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 900 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 901 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 902 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 903 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 904 lp = &dlp; 905 } 906 } 907 908 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 909 if (lp == NULL) { 910 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec) 911 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec; 912 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, 913 &dlp.d_secsize) == -1) 914 err(1, "cannot get sector size"); 915 916 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 917 918 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS, 919 &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) { 920 warn("cannot get number of sectors per track"); 921 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 922 } 923 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 && 924 ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) { 925 warn("cannot get number of heads"); 926 if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024) 927 dlp.d_ntracks = 1; 928 else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024) 929 dlp.d_ntracks = 16; 930 else 931 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 932 } 933 934 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 935 lp = &dlp; 936 } 937 938 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) { 939 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1) 940 return -1; 941 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize; 942 } 943 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) { 944 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1) 945 return -1; 946 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors; 947 } 948 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) { 949 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1) 950 return -1; 951 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks; 952 } 953 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0) 954 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit; 955 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0) 956 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs; 957 return 0; 958 } 959 #endif 960 961 /* 962 * Print out BPB values. 963 */ 964 static void 965 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 966 { 967 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u", 968 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors, 969 bpb->bpbFATs); 970 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts) 971 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts); 972 if (bpb->bpbSectors) 973 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors); 974 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia); 975 if (bpb->bpbFATsecs) 976 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs); 977 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, 978 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs); 979 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors) 980 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors); 981 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) { 982 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs, 983 bpb->bpbRootClust); 984 printf(" FSInfo="); 985 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo); 986 printf(" Backup="); 987 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup); 988 } 989 printf("\n"); 990 } 991 992 /* 993 * Check a disk geometry value. 994 */ 995 static int 996 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 997 { 998 if (!val) { 999 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 1000 return -1; 1001 } 1002 if (val > MAXU16) { 1003 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 1004 return -1; 1005 } 1006 return 0; 1007 } 1008 1009 /* 1010 * Check a volume label. 1011 */ 1012 static int 1013 oklabel(const char *src) 1014 { 1015 int c, i; 1016 1017 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 1018 c = (u_char)*src++; 1019 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 1020 break; 1021 } 1022 return i && !c; 1023 } 1024 1025 /* 1026 * Make a volume label. 1027 */ 1028 static void 1029 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 1030 { 1031 int c, i; 1032 1033 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 1034 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 1035 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 1036 } 1037 } 1038 1039 /* 1040 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 1041 */ 1042 static void 1043 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 1044 { 1045 while (len--) 1046 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 1047 } 1048 1049 static void 1050 infohandler(int sig __unused) 1051 { 1052 1053 got_siginfo = 1; 1054 } 1055
