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      1 /*
      2  * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
      3  * All rights reserved.
      4  *
      5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
      6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
      7  * are met:
      8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
      9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
     10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
     12  *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
     13  *    distribution.
     14  *
     15  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
     16  * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
     17  * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
     18  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY
     19  * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
     20  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
     21  * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
     22  * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER
     23  * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
     24  * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
     25  * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
     26  */
     27 
     28 #ifndef lint
     29 static const char rcsid[] =
     30   "$FreeBSD: head/sbin/newfs_msdos/mkfs_msdos.c 335189 2018-06-15 06:03:40Z delphij $";
     31 #endif /* not lint */
     32 
     33 #include <sys/param.h>
     34 #if defined(__linux__)
     35 #include <linux/fs.h>
     36 #include <linux/hdreg.h>
     37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
     38 #elif defined(__APPLE__)
     39 /* Nothing. */
     40 #else
     41 #include <sys/fdcio.h>
     42 #include <sys/disk.h>
     43 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
     44 #include <sys/mount.h>
     45 #endif
     46 #include <sys/stat.h>
     47 #include <sys/time.h>
     48 
     49 #include <ctype.h>
     50 #include <err.h>
     51 #include <errno.h>
     52 #include <fcntl.h>
     53 #include <inttypes.h>
     54 #include <paths.h>
     55 #include <signal.h>
     56 #include <stdio.h>
     57 #include <stdlib.h>
     58 #include <string.h>
     59 #include <time.h>
     60 #include <unistd.h>
     61 
     62 #include "mkfs_msdos.h"
     63 
     64 #if !defined(__packed)
     65 #define __packed __attribute__((__packed__))
     66 #endif
     67 #if !defined(__unused)
     68 #define __unused __attribute__((__unused__))
     69 #endif
     70 
     71 #define	MAXU16	  0xffff	/* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */
     72 #define	BPN	  4		/* bits per nibble */
     73 #define	NPB	  2		/* nibbles per byte */
     74 
     75 #define	DOSMAGIC  0xaa55	/* DOS magic number */
     76 #define	MINBPS	  512		/* minimum bytes per sector */
     77 #define	MAXSPC	  128		/* maximum sectors per cluster */
     78 #define	MAXNFT	  16		/* maximum number of FATs */
     79 #define	DEFBLK	  4096		/* default block size */
     80 #define	DEFBLK16  2048		/* default block size FAT16 */
     81 #define	DEFRDE	  512		/* default root directory entries */
     82 #define	RESFTE	  2		/* reserved FAT entries */
     83 #define	MINCLS12  1U		/* minimum FAT12 clusters */
     84 #define	MINCLS16  0xff5U	/* minimum FAT16 clusters */
     85 #define	MINCLS32  0xfff5U	/* minimum FAT32 clusters */
     86 #define	MAXCLS12  0xff4U	/* maximum FAT12 clusters */
     87 #define	MAXCLS16  0xfff4U	/* maximum FAT16 clusters */
     88 #define	MAXCLS32  0xffffff4U	/* maximum FAT32 clusters */
     89 
     90 #define	mincls(fat)  ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 :	\
     91 		      (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 :	\
     92 				    MINCLS32)
     93 
     94 #define	maxcls(fat)  ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 :	\
     95 		      (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 :	\
     96 				    MAXCLS32)
     97 
     98 #define	mk1(p, x)				\
     99     (p) = (u_int8_t)(x)
    100 
    101 #define	mk2(p, x)				\
    102     (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x),			\
    103     (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010)
    104 
    105 #define	mk4(p, x)				\
    106     (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x),			\
    107     (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010),		\
    108     (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020),		\
    109     (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030)
    110 
    111 struct bs {
    112     u_int8_t bsJump[3];			/* bootstrap entry point */
    113     u_int8_t bsOemName[8];		/* OEM name and version */
    114 } __packed;
    115 
    116 struct bsbpb {
    117     u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2];		/* bytes per sector */
    118     u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust;		/* sectors per cluster */
    119     u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2];		/* reserved sectors */
    120     u_int8_t bpbFATs;			/* number of FATs */
    121     u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2];		/* root directory entries */
    122     u_int8_t bpbSectors[2];		/* total sectors */
    123     u_int8_t bpbMedia;			/* media descriptor */
    124     u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2];		/* sectors per FAT */
    125     u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2];		/* sectors per track */
    126     u_int8_t bpbHeads[2];		/* drive heads */
    127     u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4];		/* hidden sectors */
    128     u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4];		/* big total sectors */
    129 } __packed;
    130 
    131 struct bsxbpb {
    132     u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4];		/* big sectors per FAT */
    133     u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2];		/* FAT control flags */
    134     u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2];		/* file system version */
    135     u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4];		/* root directory start cluster */
    136     u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2];		/* file system info sector */
    137     u_int8_t bpbBackup[2];		/* backup boot sector */
    138     u_int8_t bpbReserved[12];		/* reserved */
    139 } __packed;
    140 
    141 struct bsx {
    142     u_int8_t exDriveNumber;		/* drive number */
    143     u_int8_t exReserved1;		/* reserved */
    144     u_int8_t exBootSignature;		/* extended boot signature */
    145     u_int8_t exVolumeID[4];		/* volume ID number */
    146     u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11];		/* volume label */
    147     u_int8_t exFileSysType[8];		/* file system type */
    148 } __packed;
    149 
    150 struct de {
    151     u_int8_t deName[11];		/* name and extension */
    152     u_int8_t deAttributes;		/* attributes */
    153     u_int8_t rsvd[10];			/* reserved */
    154     u_int8_t deMTime[2];		/* last-modified time */
    155     u_int8_t deMDate[2];		/* last-modified date */
    156     u_int8_t deStartCluster[2];		/* starting cluster */
    157     u_int8_t deFileSize[4];		/* size */
    158 } __packed;
    159 
    160 struct bpb {
    161     u_int bpbBytesPerSec;		/* bytes per sector */
    162     u_int bpbSecPerClust;		/* sectors per cluster */
    163     u_int bpbResSectors;		/* reserved sectors */
    164     u_int bpbFATs;			/* number of FATs */
    165     u_int bpbRootDirEnts;		/* root directory entries */
    166     u_int bpbSectors;			/* total sectors */
    167     u_int bpbMedia;			/* media descriptor */
    168     u_int bpbFATsecs;			/* sectors per FAT */
    169     u_int bpbSecPerTrack;		/* sectors per track */
    170     u_int bpbHeads;			/* drive heads */
    171     u_int bpbHiddenSecs;		/* hidden sectors */
    172     u_int bpbHugeSectors; 		/* big total sectors */
    173     u_int bpbBigFATsecs; 		/* big sectors per FAT */
    174     u_int bpbRootClust; 		/* root directory start cluster */
    175     u_int bpbFSInfo; 			/* file system info sector */
    176     u_int bpbBackup; 			/* backup boot sector */
    177 };
    178 
    179 #define	BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
    180 
    181 static struct {
    182     const char *name;
    183     struct bpb bpb;
    184 } const stdfmt[] = {
    185     {"160",  {512, 1, 1, 2,  64,  320, 0xfe, 1,  8, 1, BPBGAP}},
    186     {"180",  {512, 1, 1, 2,  64,  360, 0xfc, 2,  9, 1, BPBGAP}},
    187     {"320",  {512, 2, 1, 2, 112,  640, 0xff, 1,  8, 2, BPBGAP}},
    188     {"360",  {512, 2, 1, 2, 112,  720, 0xfd, 2,  9, 2, BPBGAP}},
    189     {"640",  {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2,  8, 2, BPBGAP}},
    190     {"720",  {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3,  9, 2, BPBGAP}},
    191     {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}},
    192     {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2,  8, 2, BPBGAP}},
    193     {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}},
    194     {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}}
    195 };
    196 
    197 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = {
    198     0xfa,			/* cli		    */
    199     0x31, 0xc0, 		/* xor	   ax,ax    */
    200     0x8e, 0xd0, 		/* mov	   ss,ax    */
    201     0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c,		/* mov	   sp,7c00h */
    202     0xfb,			/* sti		    */
    203     0x8e, 0xd8, 		/* mov	   ds,ax    */
    204     0xe8, 0x00, 0x00,		/* call    $ + 3    */
    205     0x5e,			/* pop	   si	    */
    206     0x83, 0xc6, 0x19,		/* add	   si,+19h  */
    207     0xbb, 0x07, 0x00,		/* mov	   bx,0007h */
    208     0xfc,			/* cld		    */
    209     0xac,			/* lodsb	    */
    210     0x84, 0xc0, 		/* test    al,al    */
    211     0x74, 0x06, 		/* jz	   $ + 8    */
    212     0xb4, 0x0e, 		/* mov	   ah,0eh   */
    213     0xcd, 0x10, 		/* int	   10h	    */
    214     0xeb, 0xf5, 		/* jmp	   $ - 9    */
    215     0x30, 0xe4, 		/* xor	   ah,ah    */
    216     0xcd, 0x16, 		/* int	   16h	    */
    217     0xcd, 0x19, 		/* int	   19h	    */
    218     0x0d, 0x0a,
    219     'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't',
    220     'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k',
    221     0x0d, 0x0a,
    222     'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n',
    223     'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o',
    224     ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't',
    225     0x0d, 0x0a,
    226     0
    227 };
    228 
    229 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo;
    230 static void infohandler(int);
    231 
    232 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t);
    233 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *);
    234 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *);
    235 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *);
    236 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *);
    237 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *);
    238 static int oklabel(const char *);
    239 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t);
    240 
    241 int
    242 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op)
    243 {
    244     char buf[MAXPATHLEN];
    245     struct sigaction si_sa;
    246     struct stat sb;
    247     struct timeval tv;
    248     struct bpb bpb;
    249     struct tm *tm;
    250     struct bs *bs;
    251     struct bsbpb *bsbpb;
    252     struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb;
    253     struct bsx *bsx;
    254     struct de *de;
    255     u_int8_t *img;
    256     const char *bname;
    257     ssize_t n;
    258     time_t now;
    259     u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2;
    260     u_int extra_res, alignment, saved_x, attempts=0;
    261     bool set_res, set_spf, set_spc;
    262     int fd, fd1, rv;
    263     struct msdos_options o = *op;
    264 
    265     img = NULL;
    266     rv = -1;
    267     fd = fd1 = -1;
    268 
    269     if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) {
    270 	warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster");
    271 	goto done;
    272     }
    273     if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) {
    274 	warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string);
    275 	goto done;
    276     }
    277     if (o.create_size) {
    278 	if (o.no_create) {
    279 	    warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N");
    280 	    goto done;
    281 	}
    282 	fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
    283 	if (fd == -1) {
    284 	    warnx("failed to create %s", fname);
    285 	    goto done;
    286 	}
    287 	if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) {
    288 	    warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size);
    289 	    goto done;
    290 	}
    291     } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) {
    292 	warn("%s", fname);
    293 	goto done;
    294     }
    295     if (fstat(fd, &sb)) {
    296 	warn("%s", fname);
    297 	goto done;
    298     }
    299     if (o.create_size) {
    300 	if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
    301 	    warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname);
    302     } else {
    303 	if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode))
    304 	    warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname);
    305     }
    306     if (!o.no_create)
    307 	if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1)
    308 	    goto done;
    309     if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
    310 	warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset);
    311 	goto done;
    312     }
    313     memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb));
    314     if (o.floppy) {
    315 	if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1)
    316 	    goto done;
    317 	bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors;
    318 	bpb.bpbSectors = 0;
    319 	bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs;
    320 	bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0;
    321     }
    322     if (o.drive_heads)
    323 	bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads;
    324     if (o.sectors_per_track)
    325 	bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track;
    326     if (o.bytes_per_sector)
    327 	bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector;
    328     if (o.size)
    329 	bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size;
    330     if (o.hidden_sectors_set)
    331 	bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors;
    332     if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track &&
    333 	o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) {
    334 	getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb);
    335 	bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
    336 	if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) {	/* set defaults */
    337 	    if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000)	/* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */
    338 		bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1;
    339 	    else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */
    340 		bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8;
    341 	    else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */
    342 		bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16;
    343 	    else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */
    344 		bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32;
    345 	    else
    346 		bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64;		/* otherwise 32k */
    347 	}
    348     }
    349     if (!powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) {
    350 	warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
    351 	goto done;
    352     }
    353     if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS) {
    354 	warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
    355 	     bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, MINBPS);
    356 	goto done;
    357     }
    358 
    359     if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) {
    360 	warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label);
    361 	goto done;
    362     }
    363     if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) {
    364 	if (o.floppy)
    365 	    fat = 12;
    366 	else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))
    367 	    fat = 32;
    368     }
    369     if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) {
    370 	warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option",
    371 	     fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k',
    372 	     fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16");
    373 	goto done;
    374     }
    375     if (o.floppy && fat == 32)
    376 	bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0;
    377     if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) {
    378 	warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat);
    379 	goto done;
    380     }
    381 
    382     if (o.block_size) {
    383 	if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) {
    384 	    warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size);
    385 	    goto done;
    386 	}
    387 	if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
    388 	    warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u",
    389 		 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
    390 	    goto done;
    391 	}
    392 	if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) {
    393 	    warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
    394 		 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC);
    395 	    goto done;
    396 	}
    397 	bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
    398     }
    399     if (o.sectors_per_cluster) {
    400 	if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) {
    401 	    warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2",
    402 		o.sectors_per_cluster);
    403 	    goto done;
    404 	}
    405 	bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster;
    406     }
    407     if (o.reserved_sectors)
    408 	bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors;
    409     if (o.num_FAT) {
    410 	if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) {
    411 	    warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u",
    412 		 o.num_FAT, MAXNFT);
    413 	    goto done;
    414 	}
    415 	bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT;
    416     }
    417     if (o.directory_entries)
    418 	bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries;
    419     if (o.media_descriptor_set) {
    420 	if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) {
    421 	    warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor);
    422 	    goto done;
    423 	}
    424 	bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor;
    425     }
    426     if (o.sectors_per_fat)
    427 	bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat;
    428     if (o.info_sector)
    429 	bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector;
    430     if (o.backup_sector)
    431 	bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector;
    432     bss = 1;
    433     bname = NULL;
    434     fd1 = -1;
    435     if (o.bootstrap) {
    436 	bname = o.bootstrap;
    437 	if (!strchr(bname, '/')) {
    438 	    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname);
    439 	    if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) {
    440 		warn(NULL);
    441 		goto done;
    442 	    }
    443 	}
    444 	if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) {
    445 	    warn("%s", bname);
    446 	    goto done;
    447 	}
    448 	if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
    449 	    sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec ||
    450 	    sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) {
    451 	    warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname);
    452 	    goto done;
    453 	}
    454 	bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec;
    455     }
    456     if (!bpb.bpbFATs)
    457 	bpb.bpbFATs = 2;
    458     if (!fat) {
    459 	if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
    460 	    howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) *
    461 		(bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN,
    462 		bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) *
    463 	    bpb.bpbFATs +
    464 	    howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE,
    465 		    bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
    466 	    (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) *
    467 	    (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
    468 	     howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
    469 	    fat = 12;
    470 	else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors <
    471 		 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) +
    472 		 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) *
    473 		 bpb.bpbFATs +
    474 		 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) +
    475 		 (MAXCLS16 + 1) *
    476 		 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust :
    477 		  howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)))
    478 	    fat = 16;
    479 	else
    480 	    fat = 32;
    481     }
    482     x = bss;
    483     if (fat == 32) {
    484 	if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
    485 	    if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) {
    486 		warnx("no room for info sector");
    487 		goto done;
    488 	    }
    489 	    bpb.bpbFSInfo = x;
    490 	}
    491 	if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo)
    492 	    x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1;
    493 	if (!bpb.bpbBackup) {
    494 	    if (x == MAXU16) {
    495 		warnx("no room for backup sector");
    496 		goto done;
    497 	    }
    498 	    bpb.bpbBackup = x;
    499 	} else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) {
    500 	    warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector");
    501 	    goto done;
    502 	}
    503 	if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup)
    504 	    x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1;
    505     }
    506 
    507     extra_res = 0;
    508     alignment = 0;
    509     set_res = (bpb.bpbResSectors == 0);
    510     set_spf = (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0);
    511     set_spc = (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0);
    512     saved_x = x;
    513 
    514     /*
    515      * Attempt to align the root directory to cluster if o.align is set.
    516      * This is done by padding with reserved blocks. Note that this can
    517      * cause other factors to change, which can in turn change the alignment.
    518      * This should take at most 2 iterations, as increasing the reserved
    519      * amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1, requiring another
    520      * bpbFATs reserved blocks. If bpbSecPerClust changes, it will
    521      * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment.
    522      */
    523     do {
    524 	x = saved_x;
    525 	if (set_res)
    526 	    bpb.bpbResSectors = ((fat == 32) ?
    527 		MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x) + extra_res;
    528 	else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) {
    529 	    warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x,
    530 		bpb.bpbResSectors);
    531 	    goto done;
    532 	}
    533 	if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts)
    534 	    bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE;
    535 	rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts,
    536 	    bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de));
    537 	if (set_spc) {
    538 	    for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 :
    539 		    DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
    540 		bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && (bpb.bpbResSectors +
    541 		    howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN),
    542 			bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs +
    543 		    rds +
    544 		    (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust) <=
    545 		    bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
    546 		bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1)
    547 		    continue;
    548 
    549 	}
    550 	if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) {
    551 	    warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16");
    552 	    goto done;
    553 	}
    554 	x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds;
    555 	x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1;
    556 	if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) {
    557 	    warnx("meta data exceeds file system size");
    558 	    goto done;
    559 	}
    560 	x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs;
    561 	x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB /
    562 	    (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB +
    563 	    fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs);
    564 	x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN),
    565 	    bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB);
    566 	if (set_spf) {
    567 	    if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0)
    568 		bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2;
    569 	    x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs;
    570 	}
    571 	if (set_res) {
    572 	    /* attempt to align root directory */
    573 	    alignment = (bpb.bpbResSectors + bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbFATs) %
    574 		bpb.bpbSecPerClust;
    575 	    if (o.align)
    576 		extra_res += bpb.bpbSecPerClust - alignment;
    577 	}
    578 	attempts++;
    579     } while (o.align && alignment != 0 && attempts < 2);
    580     if (o.align && alignment != 0)
    581 	warnx("warning: Alignment failed.");
    582 
    583     cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust;
    584     x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) -
    585 	RESFTE;
    586     if (cls > x)
    587 	cls = x;
    588     if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2)
    589 	warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters",
    590 	      cls);
    591     if (cls < mincls(fat)) {
    592 	warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat,
    593 	    mincls(fat));
    594 	goto done;
    595     }
    596     if (cls > maxcls(fat)) {
    597 	cls = maxcls(fat);
    598 	bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1;
    599 	warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors",
    600 	      bpb.bpbHugeSectors);
    601     }
    602     printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s "
    603 	   "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust,
    604 	   cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat,
    605 	   cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
    606     if (!bpb.bpbMedia)
    607 	bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8;
    608     if (fat == 32)
    609 	bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE;
    610     if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) {
    611 	bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors;
    612 	bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0;
    613     }
    614     if (fat != 32) {
    615 	bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs;
    616 	bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0;
    617     }
    618     print_bpb(&bpb);
    619     if (!o.no_create) {
    620 	if (o.timestamp_set) {
    621 	    tv.tv_sec = now = o.timestamp;
    622 	    tv.tv_usec = 0;
    623 	    tm = gmtime(&now);
    624 	} else {
    625 	    gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
    626 	    now = tv.tv_sec;
    627 	    tm = localtime(&now);
    628 	}
    629 
    630 
    631 	if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) {
    632 	    warn(NULL);
    633 	    goto done;
    634 	}
    635 	dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
    636 				   bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs;
    637 	memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa));
    638 	si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler;
    639 	if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) {
    640 	    warn("sigaction SIGINFO");
    641 	    goto done;
    642 	}
    643 	for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) {
    644 	    if (got_siginfo) {
    645 		    fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n",
    646 			fname, lsn,
    647 			(dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)),
    648 			(lsn * 100) / (dir +
    649 			    (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)));
    650 		    got_siginfo = 0;
    651 	    }
    652 	    x = lsn;
    653 	    if (o.bootstrap &&
    654 		fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
    655 		bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) {
    656 		x -= bpb.bpbBackup;
    657 		if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) {
    658 		    warn("%s", bname);
    659 		    goto done;
    660 		}
    661 	    }
    662 	    if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) {
    663 		if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) {
    664 		    warn("%s", bname);
    665 		    goto done;
    666 		}
    667 		if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
    668 		    warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x);
    669 		    goto done;
    670 		}
    671 	    } else
    672 		memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
    673 	    if (!lsn ||
    674 		(fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
    675 		 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) {
    676 		x1 = sizeof(struct bs);
    677 		bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1);
    678 		mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec);
    679 		mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust);
    680 		mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors);
    681 		mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs);
    682 		mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts);
    683 		mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors);
    684 		mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia);
    685 		mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs);
    686 		mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack);
    687 		mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads);
    688 		mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs);
    689 		mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors);
    690 		x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb);
    691 		if (fat == 32) {
    692 		    bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1);
    693 		    mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs);
    694 		    mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0);
    695 		    mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0);
    696 		    mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust);
    697 		    mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo);
    698 		    mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup);
    699 		    x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb);
    700 		}
    701 		bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1);
    702 		mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29);
    703 		if (o.volume_id_set)
    704 		    x = o.volume_id;
    705 		else
    706 		    x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 |
    707 			  (u_int)tm->tm_mday) +
    708 			 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 |
    709 			  (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 |
    710 			((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) +
    711 			 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 |
    712 			  (u_int)tm->tm_min));
    713 		mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x);
    714 		mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME");
    715 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat);
    716 		setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType));
    717 		if (!o.bootstrap) {
    718 		    x1 += sizeof(struct bsx);
    719 		    bs = (struct bs *)img;
    720 		    mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb);
    721 		    mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2);
    722 		    mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90);
    723 		    setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4  ",
    724 			   sizeof(bs->bsOemName));
    725 		    memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode));
    726 		    mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
    727 		}
    728 	    } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 &&
    729 		       (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo ||
    730 			(bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 &&
    731 			 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) {
    732 		mk4(img, 0x41615252);
    733 		mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272);
    734 		mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff);
    735 		mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.bpbRootClust);
    736 		mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC);
    737 	    } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir &&
    738 		       !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) %
    739 			 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs :
    740 			  bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) {
    741 		mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia);
    742 		for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++)
    743 		    mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff);
    744 	    } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) {
    745 		de = (struct de *)img;
    746 		mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label);
    747 		mk1(de->deAttributes, 050);
    748 		x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 |
    749 		    (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 |
    750 		    (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1;
    751 		mk2(de->deMTime, x);
    752 		x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 |
    753 		    (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 |
    754 		    (u_int)tm->tm_mday;
    755 		mk2(de->deMDate, x);
    756 	    }
    757 	    if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) {
    758 		warn("%s", fname);
    759 		goto done;
    760 	    }
    761 	    if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) {
    762 		warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn);
    763 		goto done;
    764 	    }
    765 	}
    766     }
    767     rv = 0;
    768 done:
    769     free(img);
    770     if (fd != -1)
    771 	    close(fd);
    772     if (fd1 != -1)
    773 	    close(fd1);
    774 
    775     return rv;
    776 }
    777 
    778 /*
    779  * return -1 with error if file system is mounted.
    780  */
    781 static int
    782 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode)
    783 {
    784 #if 0
    785     struct statfs *mp;
    786     const char *s1, *s2;
    787     size_t len;
    788     int n, r;
    789 
    790     if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) {
    791 	warn("getmntinfo");
    792 	return -1;
    793     }
    794     len = strlen(_PATH_DEV);
    795     s1 = fname;
    796     if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len))
    797 	s1 += len;
    798     r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r';
    799     for (; n--; mp++) {
    800 	s2 = mp->f_mntfromname;
    801 	if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len))
    802 	    s2 += len;
    803 	if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) ||
    804 	    !strcmp(s1, s2)) {
    805 	    warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname);
    806 	    return -1;
    807 	}
    808     }
    809 #endif
    810     return 0;
    811 }
    812 
    813 /*
    814  * Get a standard format.
    815  */
    816 static int
    817 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb)
    818 {
    819     u_int x, i;
    820 
    821     x = nitems(stdfmt);
    822     for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++);
    823     if (i == x) {
    824 	warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt);
    825 	return -1;
    826     }
    827     *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb;
    828     return 0;
    829 }
    830 
    831 /*
    832  * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information.
    833  */
    834 #if defined(__linux__)
    835 static int getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype,
    836                        __unused int oflag, struct bpb *bpb)
    837 {
    838     if (ioctl(fd, BLKSSZGET, &bpb->bpbBytesPerSec)) {
    839         err(1, "ioctl(BLKSSZGET) for bytes/sector failed");
    840     }
    841 
    842     if (ckgeom(fname, bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, "bytes/sector") == -1) return -1;
    843 
    844     u_long block_size;
    845     if (ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE, &block_size)) {
    846         err(1, "ioctl(BLKGETSIZE) failed");
    847     }
    848 
    849     if (block_size > UINT32_MAX) {
    850         errx(1, "block size too large: %lu", block_size);
    851     }
    852 
    853     bpb->bpbHugeSectors = (u_int)block_size;
    854 
    855     bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = 63;
    856     if (ckgeom(fname, bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, "sectors/track") == -1) return -1;
    857 
    858     bpb->bpbHeads = 64;
    859     if (ckgeom(fname, bpb->bpbHeads, "drive heads") == -1) return -1;
    860 
    861     return 0;
    862 }
    863 #elif defined(__APPLE__)
    864 static int
    865 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
    866 	    struct bpb *bpb) {
    867     return 0;
    868 }
    869 #else
    870 static int
    871 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag,
    872 	    struct bpb *bpb)
    873 {
    874     struct disklabel *lp, dlp;
    875     struct fd_type type;
    876     off_t ms, hs = 0;
    877 
    878     lp = NULL;
    879 
    880     /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */
    881     if (dtype != NULL) {
    882 	lp = getdiskbyname(dtype);
    883     }
    884 
    885     /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */
    886     if (lp == NULL) {
    887 	if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &ms) == -1) {
    888 	    struct stat st;
    889 
    890 	    if (fstat(fd, &st))
    891 		err(1, "cannot get disk size");
    892 	    /* create a fake geometry for a file image */
    893 	    ms = st.st_size;
    894 	    dlp.d_secsize = 512;
    895 	    dlp.d_nsectors = 63;
    896 	    dlp.d_ntracks = 255;
    897 	    dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
    898 	    lp = &dlp;
    899 	} else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) {
    900 	    dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize;
    901 	    dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac;
    902 	    dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads;
    903 	    dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
    904 	    lp = &dlp;
    905 	}
    906     }
    907 
    908     /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */
    909     if (lp == NULL) {
    910 	if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec)
    911 	    dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec;
    912 	if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE,
    913 					      &dlp.d_secsize) == -1)
    914 	    err(1, "cannot get sector size");
    915 
    916 	dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize;
    917 
    918 	if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0 && ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWSECTORS,
    919 					      &dlp.d_nsectors) == -1) {
    920 	    warn("cannot get number of sectors per track");
    921 	    dlp.d_nsectors = 63;
    922 	}
    923 	if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0 &&
    924 	    ioctl(fd, DIOCGFWHEADS, &dlp.d_ntracks) == -1) {
    925 	    warn("cannot get number of heads");
    926 	    if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*1*1024)
    927 		dlp.d_ntracks = 1;
    928 	    else if (dlp.d_secperunit <= 63*16*1024)
    929 		dlp.d_ntracks = 16;
    930 	    else
    931 		dlp.d_ntracks = 255;
    932 	}
    933 
    934 	hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit;
    935 	lp = &dlp;
    936     }
    937 
    938     if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) {
    939 	if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1)
    940 	    return -1;
    941 	bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize;
    942     }
    943     if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) {
    944 	if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1)
    945 	    return -1;
    946 	bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors;
    947     }
    948     if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) {
    949 	if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1)
    950 	    return -1;
    951 	bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks;
    952     }
    953     if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0)
    954 	bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit;
    955     if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0)
    956 	bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs;
    957     return 0;
    958 }
    959 #endif
    960 
    961 /*
    962  * Print out BPB values.
    963  */
    964 static void
    965 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb)
    966 {
    967     printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u",
    968 	   bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors,
    969 	   bpb->bpbFATs);
    970     if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts)
    971 	printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts);
    972     if (bpb->bpbSectors)
    973 	printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors);
    974     printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia);
    975     if (bpb->bpbFATsecs)
    976 	printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs);
    977     printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack,
    978 	   bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs);
    979     if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors)
    980 	printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors);
    981     if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) {
    982 	printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs,
    983 	       bpb->bpbRootClust);
    984 	printf(" FSInfo=");
    985 	printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo);
    986 	printf(" Backup=");
    987 	printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup);
    988     }
    989     printf("\n");
    990 }
    991 
    992 /*
    993  * Check a disk geometry value.
    994  */
    995 static int
    996 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg)
    997 {
    998     if (!val) {
    999 	warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg);
   1000 	return -1;
   1001     }
   1002     if (val > MAXU16) {
   1003 	warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val);
   1004 	return -1;
   1005     }
   1006     return 0;
   1007 }
   1008 
   1009 /*
   1010  * Check a volume label.
   1011  */
   1012 static int
   1013 oklabel(const char *src)
   1014 {
   1015     int c, i;
   1016 
   1017     for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) {
   1018 	c = (u_char)*src++;
   1019 	if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c))
   1020 	    break;
   1021     }
   1022     return i && !c;
   1023 }
   1024 
   1025 /*
   1026  * Make a volume label.
   1027  */
   1028 static void
   1029 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src)
   1030 {
   1031     int c, i;
   1032 
   1033     for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
   1034 	c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' ';
   1035 	*dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c;
   1036     }
   1037 }
   1038 
   1039 /*
   1040  * Copy string, padding with spaces.
   1041  */
   1042 static void
   1043 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len)
   1044 {
   1045     while (len--)
   1046 	*dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' ';
   1047 }
   1048 
   1049 static void
   1050 infohandler(int sig __unused)
   1051 {
   1052 
   1053 	got_siginfo = 1;
   1054 }
   1055